Two cases: Naga City Hangberg, Cape Town
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1 PMapping and PGIS for Participatory Hazard-Risk Management (CRA) M.K. McCall, ITC, Enschede Use of GIS and RS in Disaster Risk Management APDC ITC AIT Bangkok, May 2008 Two cases: Naga City Hangberg, Cape Town INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION
2 Case study I Naga City, Philippines Participatory Flood Risk Assessment Graciela Peters ITC, Enschede petersguarin@itc.nl INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION
3 Participatory Flood Risk identification Case study: NAGA CITY (Phil.) Bicol River
4 Floodplains of Bicol River, in the Philippines typhoon belt, experience 2 to 5 typhoons annually and extremely intense rainfall (OIDC, 1999) Naga city is undergoing a very fast expansion process, considered the heart of Bicol region center for commercial, educational and industrial sectors with an economic growth exceeding 6.5% Currently most of the low lying agricultural lands are been converting to residential and commercial land use without a proper expansion plan The flood-prone area includes 17 out of 27 barangays, 10 barangays are threatened by strong winds and flash floods It is inhabited by 85% of the city s aggregate population and holds most of the main economic activities
5 Flood Risk Assessment with Community Participation Risk map Graciela Peters
6 Participatory Flood Risk identification Component 1. Flood Risk & Disaster Management FRDM - Workshop - Group discussion Tools and Techniques 2. Land use distribution - Transects across the Barangay. Direct observation -Mobile GIS Mapping 3. Flood Hazard(Dec 2004) -Questionnaires -Workshop -Direct observation -Mobile GIS 4. Physical Elements at Risk -Pictures/video recording -Workshop - Transects across the B gay -Mobile GIS 5. Household profiling -Transects -Random questionnaires (min 60) -Mobile GIS Mapping - Identify vulnerability 7. Environment Quality - in B gay context - Transects across the B gays -Key informants -Pictures/video recording -Mobile GIS Mapping 8. Flood risk assessment - Workshop - Group discussion
7 Community-based Identification of Flood Scenarios - B gay Triangulo Type of flood Rain + Riverine (Naga + Bicol) flooding Flash flooding Rain + high tide Super typhoon Zo ne Depth Duration Time of occurrence 6 Up waist (> 100 cm) 7 days Last quarter of the year (Oct to Dec) sometimes during April 3 Up Waist (> 100 cm) 1 2 times in a year 4 Waist ( cm) 2-3 days 5 Waist ( cm) 6 Chest (140 cm) 2-3 days No warning 2 events: the first on 1997 and last 3 Chest 140 cm) 4 Hips (80 cm) 1 day 5 Hips (80 cm) one on 2000 the whole Naga was flooded Muddy flood apparently related with opening of upstream Nabua dam gates 6 knee (<60 cm) 6 hours Monthly (combination of heavy rains and high tide during full 3 knee (<60 cm) moon) zones are lower level than Naga river 6 > 6 feet (> 180 cm) 3 weeks Last quarter during rainy season (Oct to Dec) 3 > 6 feet (> 180 cm) 3 weeks 4 5 feet (> 150 cm) 1 week Super typhoon: Sinning /70 (240 kmph) Ruping/80 s Onsang
8 Social Vulnerability Map B gay TRIANGULO
9 Mapping Environmental threats waste disposal Coliseum
10 Case study II Hangberg, Cape Town Community Risk Assessment Johan Minnie Disaster Management Specialist Cape Town INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION
11 Background The risk assessment was completed as part of a Community-Based Risk Assessment course presented by DiMP The risk assessment was done over the period November 2004, with a field assessment from November 2004.
12 View of Hangberg from across the valley Hangberg
13 View of Hangberg from above the settlement Hangberg
14 Risk Assessment Methodology Historical Records Focus group discussion Community Mapping Risk Prioritisation Transect walk(s) Household & Individual interviews
15 Focus Group Discussion
16 Community Hazard Mapping
17 Transect Walk
18 Household Interview
19 Limitations of assessment Did not interview: Elderly Children / Youth Disabled persons Housing department and other City stakeholders No infrastructure mapping (GPS)
20 Settlement characteristics History influenced by the Group Areas Act Historic reliance on fishing industry Relatively old settlement Tight-knit community with strong family bonds Currently a lack of employment opportunities
21 Settlement Characteristics - Livelihoods Fishing (Trawlers / Factories) Bartering City Council Forestry / National Park Working for Water / Working on Fire Poaching Boat-building
22
23 Risks Historic data Qualitative information from interviews and discussions Loss Information Comparison Mitigation strategies
24 Risks - Loss Information Comparison Official City of Cape Town fire records (Historical records): Fire Incidents: Hangberg Total Urban fringe fires Bungalow fires Bungalows destroyed in fires Information from focus group discussions and household interviews: Losses in community due to hazards Number of deaths Frequency of incidents Drownings of poachers 2-4 people per year 2 incidents per year Falls 4 people in last 2 years Frequent falls Informal Dwelling Fires Man and child killed in past 4 years 5 remembered in last 4 years Violence at clubs No reported Frequent Serious flooding No deaths One serious event in 2001 Minor flooding No deaths Seasonal - during rains
25 Risks - Community flood mitigation measures Soakaway pipes Channels / furrows Building bungalows on bricks Improved foundations Building on stilts
26 Risk Prioritisation Community risk prioritisation Group (researcher / outsider) assessment and prioritisation
27 Fire Incidents
28 Flood incident: 2001
29 Hazard: Falls
30 Number of votes Community Risk Prioritisation Risk Prioritisation by Focus Group Votes cast Alcohol Abuse Drug Abuse Informal Dwelling Fires Flooding Falls Health issues Poaching Identified Risks (Prioritisation done by one mixed-gender adult focus group)
31 Findings Disaster Risk Level of Risk Prioritisation Rating Priority Serious flooding Extreme 13 1 Drownings of poachers High 11 2 Informal Dwelling Fires High 11 2 Falls High 9 3 Violence at clubs High 9 3 Minor flooding High 9 3 Factors used to develop risk prioritisation: risk levels calculated by considering likelihood and consequences risk prioritisation calculated by considering Seriousness, Manageability, Urgency, Growth and Adverse development impact
32 Recommendations Enhanced risk communication Encourage community mitigation measures Encourage relationship with City Advocacy on issues related to poaching, job opportunities and housing
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