Applied Safety Management

Transcription

1 Applied Safety Management Roles, Responsibilities, and Relationships in Safety Performance Presented By: AFS-900 Date: 1

2 Fundamental Questions What is safety? What is safety culture? What is safety performance? 2

3 Definition of Safety: ICAO SMM Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management ICAO Doc

4 Safety: Operational Definition Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management Operationally defined ICAO Doc 9859 Safety is How well risk is managed 4

5 Safety Culture Is there really such a thing as a safety culture? If so, what does it look like? If I don t have one, how do I get it? Why do we care about culture anyway? 5

6 Every organization has a safety culture 6

7 Elements of Organizational Cultures Psychological: How we think and feel (automatic assumptions and values) Behavioral: What we do (practices) System/Environmental: Tools, equipment, facilities, information (artifacts) Cultures drive organizational behaviors that result in: Safety Performance 7

8 How can we create or change a culture? Can we tell people how to think or feel? Can we tell people how to behave? Determine desired performance and Shape the systems and environment in which people work! 8

9 Safety Management: Controlling the Effects of Hazards Hazard: A condition that could cause [an effect on operations] resulting in harm Hazards are not: Events Errors/Failures Dynamic system states (e.g. unsafe states as in TEM) Hazard identification is an analytical process 9

10 Safety Management: Risk Acceptance Risk acceptance means someone who can authorize operations under conditions of known risk P/SPs have direct control over their operations Regulators control operations indirectly through regulatory controls on P/SPs Risk acceptance for regulators is typically: Certification, approval, acceptance Inaction no regulatory controls 10

11 Safety Management Strategies Reactive (Past) Responds to events that have already happened, such as incidents and accidents Proactive (Present) Identifies hazards in the organization s current processes Predictive (Future) Analyzes system processes and environment to identify potential future hazards 11

12 Safety Management Strategies Reactive (Past) Event Analysis: Learning from system failures Proactive (Present) Performance: Monitoring and Assessment of Continued Operational Safety (Surveillance) Predictive (Future) Design: Assessment of performance of P/SP SRM (Certification) 12

13 Regulatory (O/S) Ineffectiveness (Uncontrolled Common Cause) Illegal Unsafe SMS No Risk Common Cause Unique Cause Regulatory Inefficiency Regulatory (O/S) Effectiveness State: O/S P/SP: Compliance SMS Effectiveness 13

14 Safety Performance How well authorities: Identify hazards Assess risk Provide risk controls (regulations) Influence P/SP organizational behaviors How well P/SPs: Designeffective systems to control risk Maintain performance and effectiveness of systems 14

15 Safety Performance Measurement Tier 1 Major System Outcomes Tier 2 Product/Service Provider System Behaviors Tier 3 Regulator Activities Correlations 15

16 Measurement Challenges Hazards are conditions that can be eliminated or controlled Hazards may be difficult to translate into measures Typical measures do not lend themselves to control actions (can t directly control an accident, error, unsafe state, etc.) Measures must link safety management capabilities (Tiers 2 & 3) and hazards we want to address How to quantify performance in meaningful terms? 16

17 Oversight (SSP) Core Functions: SRM SRM Regulations as risk controls Prescriptive and Performance Based CE-2Specific Operating Regulations 17

18 Oversight (SSP) Core Functions: S/A Design Assurance Service Provider s product/service meets reqm ts of State risk controls (Regulations) Service Provider has used SRM in sysem design CE-6Certification, approval, acceptance Performance Assurance Assurance of Continuing Operational Safety of S.P. s products, processes, and services Service provider is performing their own SA CE-7 Surveillance 18

19 Regulatory Agency Capabilities How well the regulator identifies common cause hazards; How well the regulator develops risk controls: regulatory requirements (influence of P/SP organizational behavior); How well the regulator is able to provide oversight of P/SP safety management. Prescriptive technical regulations Safety Management System Processes 19

20 P/SP Capabilities How well P/SPs establish context and develop risk controls for common cause hazards (effective compliance meeting the intent of regulations as risk controls); How well P/SPs implement and maintain SMS functions; Identification of unique hazards; Implementation and maintenance of effective risk controls for both types of hazards. 20

21 Carelessness and overconfidence are more dangerous than deliberately accepted risk Wilbur Wright, 1901 Contact: Don Arendt, Ph.D. Manager, AFS SMS PO (703) (Cell) Wilbur Wright gliding, 1901 Photographs: Library of Congress 21