Health and Safety Attitudes and Behaviours in the New Zealand Workforce: A Survey of Workers and Employers 2016 CROSS-SECTOR REPORT

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Health and Safety Attitudes and Behaviours in the New Zealand Workforce: A Survey of Workers and Employers 2016 CROSS-SECTOR REPORT"

Transcription

1 Health and Safety Attitudes and Behaviours in the New Zealand Workforce: A Survey of Workers and Employers 2016 CROSS-SECTOR REPORT NOVEMBER 2017

2 CONTENTS: 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONTEXT... 2 WORKER ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION... 3 VIEWS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF RISK... 6 EXPERIENCE OF WORKPLACE INCIDENTS (SERIOUS HARM, NEAR MISSES, HAZARDS) AND RESPONSES... 8 APPROACHES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE NEW ZEALAND WORKFORCE... 9 ADVICE AND INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY, AS WELL AS PERCEPTIONS OF, AND CONTACT WITH, WORKSAFE... 9 CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OVERVIEW OF METHOD AND SAMPLE WORKERS SURVEY METHOD EMPLOYERS SURVEY METHOD ANALYSIS AND REPORTING MARGIN OF ERROR NOTES TO THE REPORT WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONTEXT RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF WORKERS HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKERS EMPLOYERS RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKERS EMPLOYERS PRIORITISING HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKER ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION WORKER ENGAGEMENT DECISION MAKING WORKERS EMPLOYERS EFFECTIVENESS WORKERS OPEN COMMUNICATION WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKER PARTICIPATION WORKER PARTICIPATION PRACTICES WORKERS EMPLOYERS HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKING TOGETHER TO CREATE A SAFER WORKPLACE IMPROVING SAFETY WORKERS BEING ENCOURAGED TO MAKE THE WORKPLACE SAFER WORKERS EMPLOYERS SPEAKING UP ABOUT HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKERS EMPLOYERS HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING WORKERS EMPLOYERS... 74

3 5 VIEWS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF RISK PERCEIVED RISK OF BEING HURT COMPARED WITH OTHER INDUSTRIES WORKERS EMPLOYERS PERCIEVED RISK OF WORKER BEING SERIOUSLY HURT IN THEIR OWN WORKPLACE OR BUSINESS WORKERS EMPLOYERS FEELINGS OF SAFETY AT WORK RESOURCES AND INFORMATION FOR DEALING WITH RISK WORKERS EMPLOYERS KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO DEAL WITH RISKS TO HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKERS RISKY BEHAVIOURS IN THE WORKPLACE WORKERS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYERS REACTIONS TO RISK TAKING AS PERCEIVED BY WORKERS COMMUNICATION ABOUT HAZARDS, NEAR MISSES AND ACCIDENTS WORKERS EMPLOYERS POSITIVE ACTIONS TO PREVENT SERIOUS HARM IN THE WORKPLACE WORKERS EMPLOYERS EXPERIENCE OF WORKPLACE INCIDENTS AND RESPONSES OCCURRENCE OF SERIOUS HARM TYPES OF SERIOUS HARM WORKERS EMPLOYERS OTHER TYPES OF HARM WORKERS EMPLOYERS OCCURRENCE OF NEAR MISSES WORKERS EMPLOYERS ACTIONS TAKEN IN RESPONSE TO SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS AND NEAR MISSES WORKERS EMPLOYERS IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND ACTIONS TAKEN AS A RESULT WORKERS EMPLOYERS APPROACHES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE NEW ZEALAND WORKFORCE UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS WORKERS EMPLOYERS INFLUENCES ON WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES AND REASONS FOR CHANGES CHANGES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEMS OR PRACTICES REASONS FOR CHANGES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEMS OR PRACTICES ADVICE AND INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY, AS WELL AS PERCEPTIONS OF, AND CONTACT WITH, WORKSAFE SOURCES OF ADVICE WORKERS EMPLOYERS AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF WORKSAFE WORKERS EMPLOYERS PERCEPTIONS, TRUST AND CONFIDENCE WORKERS EMPLOYERS CONTACT WITH WORKSAFE WORKERS EMPLOYERS

4 TYPES OF CONTACT WORKERS EMPLOYERS ACTION TAKEN WHILE OR AFTER VISITING THE WORKSAFE WEBSITE WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKERS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CONTACTING WORKSAFE LIKELIHOOD OF WORKSAFE INSPECTOR VISITING WORKPLACE/BUSINESS WORKERS EMPLOYERS USE OF WORKSAFE INFORMATION/GUIDANCE BY EMPLOYERS USEFULNESS OF GUIDANCE MATERIAL FORMATS FOR INFORMATION/GUIDANCE PREFERRED BY WORKERS AND EMPLOYERS WORKERS EMPLOYERS WHERE WORKSAFE SHOULD FOCUS TO IMPACT ON HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKERS EMPLOYERS CONCLUSIONS APPENDICES APPENDIX I: TOPICS IN THE HEALTH AND SAFETY ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS SURVEY APPENDIX II: SAMPLE DESCRIPTION APPENDIX III: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION APPENDIX IV: SEGMENTATION QUESTIONS OVERVIEW

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Nielsen would like to thank the large number of workers and employers who took the time to respond to this survey. CITATION When citing this report please use the following reference: Nielsen. (2017) Health and safety attitudes and behaviours in the New Zealand workforce: A survey of workers and employers Cross-Sector report. (A report to WorkSafe New Zealand). Wellington, New Zealand: Author.

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

7 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION New Zealand has unacceptably high rates of workplace fatalities and serious harm injuries. WorkSafe New Zealand (WorkSafe) regulates workplace health and safety and works with businesses and workers to promote good work health and safety practice. A focus of WorkSafe is the four sectors that are major contributors to workplace deaths and injuries - the Agriculture, Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing sectors. The WorkSafe survey of workers and employers measures the attitudes and behaviours of workers and employers towards health and safety. The workers grouping includes self-employed people who do not employ other and employers who do the day-to-day work they also employ others to do. These groups completed the survey from the viewpoint of someone working in their industry, rather than as an employer. This research is a nationwide, self-completion survey of New Zealand workers and employers aged 18 years old and over. Overall, 3,256 workers and 1,604 employers across five sectors (Agriculture, Construction, Forestry, Manufacturing and Other ) were surveyed between 20 October and 8 December The following summary provides an overview of results by section and key findings for the four high-risk sectors only. For more information about each of the topics below, please refer to the relevant section in this report. For more information about how the survey was conducted, please refer to the Technical report. Changes over time Readers should note that changes are not necessarily seen year-on-year and in some instances 2016 figures return to the level of the 2014 results. The key changes over time have been provided in the executive summary below where relevant. Some key positive changes over time are: More employers reported that they had made significant changes to their health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months. There was evidence that some of workers attitudes about workplace health and safety were more positive. Likewise, there was evidence that some of employers attitudes about workplace health and safety were more positive. Both workers and employers reported an increase in key worker participation practices. There was some evidence of improving awareness of, and responses to, hazards, near misses and accidents. Risky behaviours by workers in the workplace decreased from 2014 to 2015 and this pattern continued into However, higher proportions of workers than employers continued to say each of the potentially risky behaviours asked about occurred from time to time or a lot. 1

8 Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe (know a lot or quite a lot about WorkSafe) has grown among both workers and employers. Along with growing awareness of WorkSafe, WorkSafe is increasingly a source of advice and guidance, which demonstrates the growth of its educative role. For more detailed information about significant changes between the 2014, 2015 and 2016 surveys, please see the relevant sections of this report. Differences by sector Due to the large number of sector differences, only a few of the key differences have been provided in this executive summary. On the whole, the differences between sectors have remained relatively stable over time in relation to how workers and employers from the different sectors responded. For more detailed information about differences between each of the four high-risk sectors and the Other sector, please see the relevant sections of this report under the heading By sector. Differences by health and safety training Health and safety attitudes and behaviours were generally more positive among workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training (excluding first aid training) in the last 12 months. It should be noted that, while differences regarding more recent training (in the last 6 months) were also considered, there was only one instance where those who had undertaken training in the last 6 months differed from those who had undertaken training in the last 12 months. Differences in findings by health and safety training have not been included in this summary but are available where relevant throughout the body of the report under the heading Health and safety training. Differences by opportunities for engagement Health and safety attitudes and behaviours also tended to be more positive among workers involved in decisions (those who strongly agree they always have a say in decisions that affect their health and safety) and among employers whose workers are involved in decisions (those who strongly agree workers are always involved in decisions affecting health and safety). Differences in findings by opportunities for engagement have not been included in this summary but are available where relevant throughout the body of the report under the heading Opportunities for engagement. WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONTEXT The extent to which health and safety is prioritised by workers and employers relative to other workplace/ business considerations is relatively unchanged since 2014, as are perceptions of which groups of people are seen as having a big responsibility for health and safety in the workplace. Workers were less likely than employers to consider health and safety one of their top three priorities. Almost four in ten (39%) workers and more than six in ten (63%) employers put health and safety in their three most important work/business considerations. 2

9 The top three groups of people that both workers and employers thought have a very big responsibility for health and safety were the workers themselves (workers 83%, employers 84%), the immediate boss or supervisor of the workers (workers 69%, employers 71%), and top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board) (workers 59%, employers 54%). The proportion of workers who thought top management have a very big responsibility has increased since 2015 (up from 54% to 59%), as has the proportion who thought industry bodies do (up from 30% to 34%). Almost eight in ten (79%) workers agreed that their boss is genuinely concerned about the health and safety of workers, up from 74% in More than six in ten (63%) workers disagreed that their boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or profit than safety. In contrast, over eight in ten (83%) employers agreed that their business considers safety at least as important as production and quality in the way work is done. Seven in ten (70%) employers agreed that those who act safely receive positive recognition, while around one-half (49%) of workers agreed that their boss praises or rewards workers who act safely. Forestry workers and employers were more likely than workers and employers overall to prioritise health and safety and to agree safe behaviour receives positive recognition. While Agriculture workers were less likely (31%) than workers overall (39%) to put health and safety in their top three most important work considerations, the proportion doing so has increased since 2015 (25%). WORKER ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION Worker engagement is how a business involves its workers in work health and safety matters and decisions. Worker participation means ongoing ways for workers to contribute to improving health and safety at work, including raising health and safety concerns, being part of making decisions that affect worker health and safety, and offering suggestions for improving health and safety. Both involve two-way communication a conversation about health and safety. Worker engagement While the majority of workers and employers agreed workers are involved in decision making regarding health and safety matters, workers were less likely than employers to say they received feedback on how their views had been considered. Workers were also less likely than employers to agree that health and safety risks were discussed in an open and helpful way, although workers were more likely to agree that this was the case in 2016 than in While workers were as likely as employers to agree health and safety information and updates were shared with workers, they were less likely to agree the information was easy to understand. Perceptions of worker engagement and communication were generally more positive among Forestry workers and employers than among workers and employers overall, while Manufacturing workers were less likely to feel engaged or involved. Around eight in ten (79%) workers agreed that they always have a say in decisions that affect their health and safety, while a similar proportion (81%) of employers agreed that workers are always involved in decisions affecting their health and safety. 3

10 The majority of employers (79%) agreed they let workers know how their views were considered when decisions about health and safety were made. In contrast, 53% of workers agreed they were told how their views were taken into account. Almost seven in ten (69%) workers agreed that where I work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety. Almost eight in ten (79%) workers and nine in ten (89%) employers said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time. The proportion of workers who agreed that this is the case has increased since 2014 (74%). Around three-quarters (73%) of workers and employers (78%) agreed that health and safety information and updates are shared with workers. However, while 83% of employers agreed the information is easy to understand, a lower proportion (67%) of workers agreed that this was the case. Worker participation In 2016, there was an increase in the proportion of workers who said their workplace had at least one health and safety practice in place, up to 90% in 2016 from 86% in 2015 and 83% in Similarly, the proportion of employers who said they had at least one health and safety practice in place in their busisness increased (86%), up from 77% in The most commonly mentioned forms of formal participation practices were health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item, mentioned by almost two-thirds of workers (64%) and more than one-half of employers (56%), and regular health and safety meetings (workers 63%, employers 51%). Workers were more likely to mention the following in 2016: o Health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item 2 (up from 51% in 2014 and 59% in 2015 to 64% in 2016) o A noticeboard or website about health and safety (up from 44% in 2015 to 49% in 2016) o Regular formal safety audits (up from 40% in 2015 to 45% in 2016). Employers were more likely to mention the following in 2016: o Health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item (up from 46% in 2015 to 56% in 2016) o Regular health and safety meetings (up from 40% in 2015 to 51% in 2016) o A regular system for health and safety communications (up from 28% in 2015 to 33% in 2016). 1 Note: In 2014 and 2015 health and safety representatives and champions were asked about in the same response option. In the 2016 survey having an elected health and safety representative and a health and safety champion were asked about separately. As such, the results for these items are not directly comparable. 2 Note: In 2016, this statement was altered to say health and safety included as regular team/group meeting item, whereas in 2015 this statement said health and safety included as regular team meeting item. 4

11 Working together to create a safer workplace and speaking up about health and safety Workers were less likely than employers to agree workers were encouraged to devise new or better ways to make the workplace safer. However, workers were more positive on some of these aspects in 2016 than in 2014 and the majority felt confident about approaching their current boss or site supervisor about a health and safety issue. Forestry workers and employers were generally more likely to feel workplace safety is encouraged and Manufacturing workers less likely. Almost seven in ten (68%) workers agreed they are encouraged to devise new or better ways to make the workplace safer, while 85% of employers agreed that workers are encouraged to do so. Similarly, while just over nine in ten (92%) employers agreed that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work, a lower proportion of workers (76%) agreed that this was the case. Just over nine in ten (91%) employers agreed that a worker who suggested work should be stopped because of a risk to health and safety would be supported, compared with 72% of workers. Two-thirds (66%) of workers agreed that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety, up from 60% in Speaking up about health and safety Workers were less likely than employers to agree that management and workers work together to ensure safety, that the boss/business encourages workers to speak up if something is unsafe or that workers would be supported if they suggested stopping work because of a risk to health and safety. Almost eight in ten (79%) workers, compared with 94% of employers, agreed their boss/the business encourages workers to speak up if something is unsafe. Workers in 2016 were more likely than in 2014 to agree that: o my boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe (up from 72% to 79%) o my boss would totally support me if I suggested we stop work because of a possible hazard (up from 66% to 72%). Around eight in ten (82%) workers said I always tell my co-workers if they aren t working safely, while around two-thirds (66%) of employers were confident that this occurred. A high proportion (91%) of workers in Manufacturing, Construction and Forestry agreed they feel confident about approaching their current boss or site supervisor about a health and safety issue 3. Health and safety training Workers were more likely in 2016 than in 2014 and 2015 to say they had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months and employers were more likely in 2016 than in 2015 to say all their workers had undertaken formal training. 3 Agriculture workers were not asked this question. 5

12 Almost six in ten (58%) workers had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months, while 22% had undertaken training, but not in the last 12 months. The proportion of workers who had undertaken training in the last 12 months has continued to increase, up from 45% in 2014 and 51% in The proportion of workers who had never had formal health and safety training (20% in 2016) has remained relatively unchanged since While Agriculture workers were less likely than workers overall to have undertaken training in the last 12 months, the proportion who had done so has continued to increase since 2014 (from 22% in 2014 and 28% in 2015 to 35% in 2016). Construction and Forestry workers were more likely than workers overall to have undertaken training in the last 12 months (70% and 66%, respectively, cf. 58% overall). Around one-quarter (26%) of employers said all their workers had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months, up from 22% in 2015, and almost one-half (48%) said that at least half of their workers had done so. More than one-third (35%) of employers said that none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. VIEWS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF RISK Perception of risk The majority of workers felt safe at work, despite acknowledging there was a higher risk of serious injury in their industry compared with other industries. Over half of workers (53%) and employers (48%) said the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher/much higher than in other industries and 14% of workers and 5% of employers said there was at least a moderate risk of a worker being seriously hurt in their workplace or business in the next 12 months. Nevertheless, the majority of workers (94%) felt safe or very safe at work. Having the resources, knowledge and skills to deal with risk The majority of workers and employers agreed workers had the tools and equipment to do their job safely, and workers had high levels of confidence in their knowledge about reporting incidents and staying safe and healthy at work; although fewer workers were confident about staying healthy than they were about staying safe. Workers were less likely to agree they had the information they needed to work safely. The proportion of workers who said hazards, near misses and accidents were reported always or most of the time has increased since The majority of workers (88%) and employers (90%) agreed that the tools and equipment are available for workers to do their job safely. The majority of workers were confident they: o know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident (91%, up from 87% in 2015) o have the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work (94%) o have the knowledge and skills to avoid long-term health problems (84%). Around seven in ten (69%) workers and almost nine in ten (88%) employers said they/their workers have the information they need to work safely. 6

13 Seven in ten (70%) workers and around three-quarters (77%) of employers said that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses or supervisors most of the time or always in their workplace. The proportion of workers who said this happens most of the time or always has increased since 2014 (65%). Both workers (30%) and employers (55%) in the Agriculture sector were more likely than those in the Construction sector (21% and 44%, respectively) to say that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses or supervisors always. Risky behaviours in the workplace Following decreases in the occurrence of the majority of risky behaviours by workers asked about in 2015, the results have remained relatively stable in Higher proportions of workers than employers said each of the potentially risky behaviours asked about occurred from time to time or a lot. The most common types of risky behaviours occurring from time to time or a lot were working when sick or injured (workers 44%, employers 21%), when overtired (workers 43%, employers 24%), making a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job (workers 35%, employers 30%) and taking a risk or short-cut on purpose (e.g. to save time) (workers 33%, employers 19%). For workers, the same two behaviours (work when overtired and work when sick or injured) were the most common across the four sectors, while employers focus more on workers being careless across all four high-risk sectors. While almost two-thirds (64%) of workers disagreed that their boss sometimes says nothing when he/she sees a worker taking a short-cut or risk, around a fifth (18%) agreed that sometimes the boss says nothing. Positive actions taken to prevent serious harm in the workplace The proportions of workers and employers who said the five preventative actions asked about always occurred in the workplace were not particularly high (ranging from 39% to 61% among workers and from 41% to 70% among employers). The results in 2016 were similar to those in 2015, following increases in the proportions of workers who said action is taken straight away when a hazard is identified always and personal protective equipment is used when it should be always in 2015 (up from 50% and 45% in 2014 to 56% and 51%, respectively, in 2015). Higher proportions of employers than workers said three of the five preventative actions were always taken. Safety devices [being] fitted to machinery and equipment was the positive action both workers (61% in 2016) and employers (70%) were most likely to say always occurred. The largest differences between workers and employers were in relation to machinery and equipment being well maintained and action being taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified, with slightly more than one-half (52% and 55%, respectively) of workers saying these actions always occurred, compared with almost two-thirds (64% for both) of employers. 7

14 Forestry workers were more likely than workers overall to say all of the preventative actions asked about always occurred and Forestry employers were more likely than employers overall to say that four of the five measures always occurred. EXPERIENCE OF WORKPLACE INCIDENTS (SERIOUS HARM, NEAR MISSES, HAZARDS) AND RESPONSES The occurrence of serious harm incidents in the last 12 months has remained relatively unchanged since 2014, as has the proportion of workers experiencing one or more near misses. The proportion of employers who said their workers had experienced one or more near misses at work in the last 12 months has increased since In addition to serious harm, over four in ten workers (46%) in the four high-risk sectors had experienced at least one other types of harm because of their work in the last 12 months. This proportion has increased since 2015 (up from 42%). In contrast, fewer than four in ten (38%) employers said that workers in their businesses had experienced at least one other types of harm. Workers and employers were both more likely to have noticed a new hazard at work in the last 12 months in 2016 than in The taking of appropriate action when serious harm incidents or near misses occurred, or when new hazards were identified, has increased in Appropriate action was more likely to be taken by Forestry and, to a lesser extent, Manufacturing workers and employers. Over one in ten (15%) workers had personally experienced an incident of serious harm at work over the last 12 months and around two in ten (19%) employers said that at least one of their workers had been seriously harmed while at work. Around three in ten (31%) workers said they had one or more near misses in the last 12 months. The proportion of employers who said that their workers had experienced one or more near misses at work in the last 12 months has increased in 2016 (33%), following a decrease in 2015 (down from 28% in 2014 to 24% in 2015). The most commonly mentioned type of serious harm was a deep cut or wound requiring stitches (workers 4%, employers 8%). Overall, around one-half of workers said that action was taken after a serious harm incident and six in ten (60%) said action was taken after a near miss incident. The proportion of workers who did nothing after a near miss incident has decreased since 2015 (down from 15% to 9%), while the proportions of workers whose near miss was recorded or reported have increased (from 32% to 40% and from 43% to 50%, respectively). Over seven in ten (72%) employers said they took action after a serious harm incident. Just over onethird (35%) of employers said serious harm incidents were investigated. Around nine in ten (91%) employers said that near miss incidents resulted in follow-up action. The proportions of employers who recorded serious harm or near miss incidents increased between 2014 and 2015 (up from 57% to 68% and from 51% to 65%, respectively) and have continued to do so between 2015 and 2016 (to 75% and 68%), although the differences between 2015 and 2016 are not significant. 8

15 Almost three-quarters (74%) of workers had noticed a new hazard recently, up from 68% in Over four in ten workers (46%) said something was done immediately after a hazard was noticed up from 40% in 2015, while around three in ten workers said changes were made to the ways things were done (31%, up from 26%) or the hazard was written into a hazard register or onto a board (31%, up from 24%). Almost two-thirds (65%) of employers had noticed a new hazard at their business recently, an increase from 59% in Around four in ten employers (43%) said processes were changed to eliminate, isolate or minimize the hazard, an increase from 37% in 2015, and on just over one-third of employers said the hazard was written into a register or onto a board, or something was done immediately in response (both 35%). The proportion of employers who said the hazard was written into a register or onto a board has continued to increase since 2014 (up from 22% in 2014 to 30% in 2015 and to 35% in 2016). APPROACHES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE NEW ZEALAND WORKFORCE Workers awareness of their legal responsibilities and rights and employers awareness of their legal obligations and how to comply with them have remained relatively stable since Nevertheless, the proportion of employers who said their business had made significant changes to its health and safety systems or practices has continued to increase since Awareness of legal responsibilities, rights, obligations and how to comply tended to be higher among Forestry and Manufacturing workers and employers and lower among those in the Agriculture sector. Agriculture employers were more likely to be confident about their obligations in 2016 than in Around two-thirds of workers (67%) and employers (66%) said they were confident they were either fully aware of their legal responsibilities as a worker or of their obligations as an employer. Likewise, around two-thirds (67%) of workers said they were confident they were fully aware of their rights as a worker in relation to health and safety. Around six in ten employers (61%) said they were confident they understood how to comply with health and safety obligations. The proportion of employers who said that their business had made significant changes to its health and safety systems or practices has continued to increase, up from 40% in 2014 to 50% in 2015 and to 65% in The most common reasons for making changes were: o on-going improvements to workplace health and safety (82%) o learning more about best practice through information or education (59%) o improvements in industry practice (46%). ADVICE AND INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY, AS WELL AS PERCEPTIONS OF, AND CONTACT WITH, WORKSAFE Workers most common sources of advice about health and safety were their bosses (45%) and WorkSafe (44% up from 39% in 2015), followed by the health and safety representative at my workplace (38%, up from 31%) and the internet/google (30%, up from 26%). 9

16 The most common source of advice among employers was WorkSafe (66%, up from 59% in 2015), followed by the internet/google (42%), health and safety consultants (39%) and an industry organisation (36%). Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe Levels of awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe have continued to increase in 2016, and WorkSafe is one of the most common sources of advice on health and safety among workers and the most common source among employers. Just over one-third (35%) of workers and more than four in ten (43%) employers said they were familiar with WorkSafe (know quite a lot or a lot about them), up from 14% and 22%, respectively, in 2014 and 25% and 34%, respectively, in 2015). Around one-sixth (17%) of workers and one in ten (10%) employers said that they had never heard of WorkSafe or had heard of them but don t know anything about them. More than eight in ten (84%) workers and nine in ten (91%) employers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe had some form of contact with them in the last 12 months. Perceptions of WorkSafe Over six in ten (64%) workers agreed that WorkSafe helps workers in their industry understand the health and safety issues and risks they face, while six in ten agreed that WorkSafe is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work (60%). The equivalent results for employers were similar to workers, with almost seven in ten (69%) employers who agreed that WorkSafe helps businesses understand their health and safety issues and risks and almost six in ten who agreed that WorkSafe is doing a good job helping businesses improve workplace safety (59%). Contact with WorkSafe The majority of workers and employers aware of WorkSafe had some form of contact in the last 12 months, most commonly seeing WorkSafe materials or information. Awareness among workers of what WorkSafe can be contacted for has generally increased in The most common type of contact workers had with WorkSafe in the last 12 months was seeing materials or information produced by WorkSafe (46%), followed by media reports on WorkSafe (28%) and visiting their website (27%). Contact via their materials or information, their website and phoning them for advice and information have all increased since 2015 (up from 37%, 20% and 5%, respectively, to 46%, 27% and 8%, respectively). Employers most commonly had contact with WorkSafe by seeing materials or information produced by WorkSafe (58%, up from 53% in 2015), followed by via their website (50%, up from 39%), media reports on WorkSafe (34%) and seeing WorkSafe s advertising (32%, up from 27%). 10

17 The most common action taken after visiting the WorkSafe website for both workers and employers was downloading a document/s to read or save for almost six in ten workers (57%) and just under seven in ten employers (69%). Almost nine in ten (87%) workers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe knew that WorkSafe can be contacted for information or advice on health and safety. Awareness that WorkSafe can be contacted for or via the following has increased in 2016: o To make a complaint about health and safety (up from 71% in 2014 to 80% in 2016) o To ask for an inspector to visit (up from 67% in 2015 to 72% in 2016) o Via a toll-free 0800 phone number (up from 52% in 2014 to 63% in 2016). Around one-third of workers (33%) and employers (35%) thought it was likely that a WorkSafe inspector would visit their workplace or business in the next 12 months. The proportion of workers who thought it was likely has increased since 2015 (27%), while the proportion of employers who thought it likely is similar to the figure in 2015 (35%) and higher than in 2014 (29%). Use of health and safety information/guidance and preferred formats The use of health and safety guidance materials was higher among employers in 2016 than in Note: workers weren t asked about the use of guidance. Paper booklets/brochures continues to be the most commonly preferred format among both workers and employers. Around three-quarters (74%) of employers had used health and safety guidance material in the last 12 months, up from 62% in The most commonly used forms of guidance were Best or Good Practice Guidelines (38%), factsheets (36%), checklists (35%) and forms and templates (34%), all more likely to be mentioned in 2016 than in 2015 (31%, 27%, 27% and 19%, respectively). Satisfaction with all forms of guidance was high, with at least 80% of employers finding each type either very or somewhat useful. Paper booklets/brochures was most commonly mentioned as useful for receiving/communicating health and safety messages to workers by both workers (59%) and employers (56%), followed by online training courses/learning modules (workers 43%, employers 32%) and posters (workers 36%, employers 33%). Where should WorkSafe focus to impact health and saftey? Overall, the most common thing that workers in the four high-risk sectors mentioned was to encourage personal responsibility (7%). Among employers, the most common things mentioned were to encourage personal responsibility (6%) and to encourage use of common sense (also 6%). 11

18 CONCLUSIONS Overall, results for the four high-risk sectors show some positive changes are occurring slowly over time (since 2014), while others have been more apparent since the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 came into effect (i.e. changes since 2015). Other conclusions for the four high-risk sectors that emerge from the findings are described below. Prioritisation of health and safety is relatively unchanged since While workers were less likely to prioritise health and safety than employers, both workers and employers were most likely to assign a big responsibility for health and safety to the workers themselves. While workers were as likely as employers to feel workers are involved in decision making regarding health and safety and that information is shared, worker engagement and participation were generally rated less positively by workers than by employers. Workers perceptions of their engagement and particpation were more positive about some aspects in 2016 than in Workers with opportunities for engagement generally had more positive health and safety attitudes and behaviours. Workplaces/businesses were more likely to have had worker participation practices in place in 2016 than in 2015, particularly health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item, regular health and safety meetings and a system for health and safety communications. While the proportions of workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months increased, sizeable proportions of workers said they had never had training or not had training within the last 12 months. Health and safety attitudes and behaviours were generally more positive among workers who had undertaken health and safety training recently (i.e. in the last 12 months) Higher proportions of workers than employers perceived a risk of injury and said risky behaviours occur in their workplace, while lower proportions said some forms of preventative actions were always taken. The occurrence of serious harm incidents and near misses remains relatively high and relatively unchanged since 2014, although some forms of appropriate action were more likely to be taken following such an event in

19 Workers awareness of their legal responsibilities and rights and employers awareness of their legal obligations and how to comply have remained relatively stable. Even so, the proportion of businesses making changes to health and safety systems or practices has continued to increase. Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe increased in 2016, as did contact via their materials/ information and their website. Employers use of health and safety guidance increased in Paper booklets/brochures continued to be the most commonly preferred format among both workers and employers. Differences by sector Forestry workers and employers were more likely than workers and employers overall to prioritise health and safety and to agree safe behaviour receives positive recognition. Perceptions of worker engagement, participation and communication also tended to be more positive among workers and employers in the Forestry sector, as were perceptions that workers and employers had the right resources, knowledge and skills to deal with risk. Forestry and Construction workers were more likely than workers overall to have undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Construction employers were more likely than employers overall to say all their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months and to say their business had made significant changes to its health and safety systems and practices in the last 12 months. The proportion of Construction workers who agreed health and safety issues are discussed in an open and helpful way has increased since 2014 and the proportion who would feel confident approaching the boss/site supervisor about a health and safety issue has increased since Construction workers were also more confident they knew how to report hazards, near misses or accidents in 2016 than in 2015, and more confident that they had the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work in 2016 than in Awareness of legal responsibilities, rights, obligations and how to comply tended to be higher among Forestry and Manufacturing workers and employers. Appropriate action was more likely to be taken by Forestry and, to a lesser extent, Manufacturing workers and employers (compared with workers and employers overall) in the event of a serious harm incident, near miss or a new hazard being identified. Manufacturing workers, however, tended to be less likely than workers overall to feel engaged or involved in improving workplace health and safety, were less likely to agree they had the tools and equipment to do their job safely and were less likely to feel confident they had the knowledge and skills to keep safe and avoid long-term health problems. While Agriculture workers were less likely than workers overall to prioritise health and safety, the proportion doing so has increased since The proportion of Agriculture workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months has increased since 2014, as has the proportion of Agriculture workers confident they were aware of their legal responsibilities, although both remain lower than among workers overall. 13

20 SECTION 2: INTRODUCTION 14

21 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 BACKGROUND New Zealand has unacceptably high rates of workplace fatalities and serious harm injuries. WorkSafe New Zealand (WorkSafe) regulates workplace health and safety and ensures that businesses are securing the health and safety of workers and workplaces. WorkSafe works collaboratively with businesses, undertakings, workers and their representatives to embed and promote good work health and safety practices. WorkSafe was established as a stand-alone workplace health and safety regulator in December Its mandate from the Government is to lead New Zealand to an at least 25 percent reduction in workplace fatalities and serious harms by A focus of WorkSafe is the four sectors that are major contributors to New Zealand s workplace death and injury toll Agriculture, Forestry, Construction and Manufacturing. WorkSafe has also significantly increased managerial and inspectorate capability and capacity in the high hazards sectors extractives, and petroleum and geothermal. WorkSafe is also responsible for regulating adventure activities and other aspects of workplace safety. In 2014, Nielsen was commissioned to implement a three-year survey programme, with the 2014 survey providing baseline research. The overall purpose of the research was to: provide baseline measures of workers and employers attitudes and behaviours around health and safety that can be tracked over time inform the design and development of interventions to improve workplace health and safety, both at an overall level and within each of the four sectors: Agriculture, Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing (to be consistent with the 2014 report, these are referred to as the four high-risk sectors). The Commercial Fishing sector, which also has high levels of workplace fatalities and injuries, was included in the 2014 survey as Maritime New Zealand, the regulator for the maritime industry, partnered with WorkSafe to measure behaviours and attitudes towards health and safety in this sector. The Commercial Fishing sector was not included in the 2015 and 2016 surveys. Workers and employers from outside the four high-risk sectors were also surveyed across all three years to provide a point of comparison. This sector is labelled the 'Other' sector. In all three years, the 'Other' sector excludes the Commercial Fishing sector, as this was a separate sector in Appendix II provides information about the industries included in the 'Other' sector and the location where respondents worked. The 2014, 2015 and 2016 surveys are quantitative surveys that show the proportion of workers and employers in the different sectors who responded to the questions they were asked. Qualitative research was also conducted in March 2014 to provide in-depth information and insights about attitudes and behaviours relating to health and safety in New Zealand and about how best to communicate with the four high-risk sectors and the Commercial Fishing sector, as well as those in the Other sector. 15

22 Reports from the qualitative and quantitative 2014 research can be found on WorkSafe s website at For results for the Commercial Fishing sector, contact Maritime NZ at: enquiries@maritimenz.govt.nz. This report describes the findings of the 2016 survey and compares the results with those for 2014 and As in 2014 and 2015, the report describes worker/employer differences and significant differences between sectors. In addition, the 2016 report focuses on health and safety training undertaken and worker engagement. In the By sector sections of this report where comparisons have been made between one of the high-risk sectors and the overall result, these comparisons are with the four high-risk overall result. In the few cases where the Other sector has been compared with the overall result, this is the five sector overall result. For workers, training is considered in terms of whether workers had undertaken formal health and safety training (excluding first aid training) in the last 12 months, less recently or never. The potential influence of more recent training (in the last six months) is also considered. There was only one significant difference in relation to training in the last 6 months and this is noted in the report in section For employers, formal health and safety training for their workers is considered in terms of whether at least half of their workers had undertaken training in the last 12 months, fewer than half had undertaken training and none of their workers had undertaken training. Employers were not asked about training more recent than the last 12 months. Worker engagement is considered in terms of workers involvement in decisions about health and safety. For workers, results are considered in terms of those workers who strongly agreed that they always have a say in decisions that affect their health and safety, referred to in the relevant sections as workers involved in decisions. For employers, results are considered in terms of those who strongly agreed that their workers are always involved in decisions affecting health and safety, referred to in the relevant sections as employers whose workers are involved in decisions. For both training and worker engagement, only significant differences for each group are reported. A key purpose of the 2016 survey was to see if there had been any significant changes in health and safety attitudes and behaviours across time, as the initial questionnaire was asked in The 2014 and 2015 surveys took place before the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 came into effect. The 2016 survey took place around six months after the new Act was in effect, providing the first opportunity to assess behaviours and views in the new legislative environment. 16

23 Most of the questions have remained identical across all three years, so changes could be tracked, however a number of new questions have been added or wording altered, with these being reported only for the relevant years. The questionnaires will be available on WorkSafe s website in the 2016 Technical report. This report focuses on the four high-risk sectors and: describes findings of the 2016 survey compares 2014, 2015 and 2016 survey results describes worker/employer differences (see notes to this report below for more information) describes differences across the sectors describes differences across levels of workers health and safety training and engagement with health and safety decisions. 2.2 OVERVIEW OF METHOD AND SAMPLE In 2014, structured questionnaires were designed for workers and employers based on extensive consultation with WorkSafe and on the insights provided by the qualitative research. In 2015, the majority of questions were retained, some new questions were added and a small number were reworded or removed (see Appendix I). The same was done again in Two versions of the questionnaire were prepared, one for employers and one for workers. Each of these questionnaires was then adapted for each of the five sectors included in the research (10 versions in total). A self-completion written survey method, providing respondents with the opportunity to complete the survey either online or in hard copy, was used. This method provided a cost-effective, repeatable means of obtaining a robust sample of the target audiences. This is the third time the study has been repeated, to monitor changes over time since A comprehensive technical report which discusses the benefits and limitations of this research approach in more detail and which elaborates on all the technical aspects outlined below will be published separately (see: Nielsen. (2017) Health and safety attitudes and behaviours in the New Zealand workforce: A survey of workers and employers Technical report). 2.3 WORKERS SURVEY METHOD The Electoral Roll records the names and addresses and occupations of the majority of New Zealanders aged 18 and over who are eligible to vote. The Electoral Roll is a combination of records of: those who are enrolled on the General Roll those who are enrolled on the Māori Roll (please note that Māori descent as flagged in the Electoral Roll was used in this research as an indicator for Māori ethnicity). 17

24 Therefore, the Electoral Roll was used to select a representative sample of people working within each of the sectors being targeted. Potential respondents were selected from the Electoral Roll database as at 30 June In all sectors, apart from Forestry, participants in the 2014 survey were not invited to participate in 2015, and participants in 2015 were not invited to participate in However, participants in the 2014 survey could be invited to take part in the 2016 survey. In the Forestry sector, as there were small numbers of workers, some people will have been invited to participate in all three surveys. A series of four communications with the selected sample was used to encourage participation in a written, selfcompletion survey, with the option to complete online being strongly promoted. The workers survey took place between 20 October and 8 December A total of 2,190 4 valid completed surveys were received from workers across the four high-risk sectors and 1,066 from workers in the Other sector. Tables (and in the Employers section below) summarise: the number of people invited to participate in the survey for each high-risk sector the targeted number of completed surveys we hoped to achieve (500 per sector with the exception of Forestry where, given the relatively small size of the population of workers in this sector, 400 completed surveys was targeted) the number of completed surveys actually received the response rate for the survey - calculated as total completed surveys/total number of people invited minus all ineligible contacts (e.g. deceased, moved address with no forwarding address, overseas) Workers response WORKERS AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER NUMBER OF PEOPLE INVITED TARGETED NUMBER OF COMPLETED SURVEYS NUMBER OF COMPLETED SURVEYS RECEIVED RESPONSE RATE* 32% 26% 22% 24% 34% *Response rate was calculated using response rate Method II. For detailed explanation refer to Health and Safety Attitudes and Behaviours in the New Zealand Workforce: A Survey of Workers and Employers, 2016 Survey, Technical Report. Overall, the targeted number of surveys was exceeded in all sectors, with the exception of the Forestry sector, where 80% of the target number was achieved. 4 This value is based on the total number of valid survey completes and differs from the base shown in question 1 in the data tables. 18

25 Limitations of the approach used are: Around 10% of the eligible New Zealand population are not enrolled to vote and are therefore excluded from the survey. This figure increases to about 34% of year-olds who are eligible to vote but who are not enrolled. Secondly, the Electoral Roll does not contain all migrant workers, just those eligible to vote and enrolled to do so Occupations are self-described on the Electoral Roll and sample selection was carried out by searching for words or phrases likely to identify a person working in a specific industry. Therefore, some people in a sector will have been omitted and others may have been selected incorrectly for a sector A higher proportion of those working in some sectors may not currently be living at the address they listed on the Electoral Roll (more mobile or moving around to where the work is), thus relying on others to forward mail to them The Electoral Roll excludes workers under 18 years of age Those with lower levels of literacy may be less likely to complete a written survey. Appendix II provides a profile of the respondents in the workers sample. 2.4 EMPLOYERS SURVEY METHOD The ACC Levy Payers database (a list of all the organisations that pay ACC levies) was used to select a sample of employers from each of the five sectors. In 2015 and 2016, at WorkSafe s request, the database included Accredited Employer Programme (AEP) businesses, which are large organisations that have contracted to take responsibility for the management and costs of their employees work-related injuries and illnesses for an agreed period of time. The ACC database was supplemented for the Forestry sector by a WorkSafe database. The ACC database supplied to WorkSafe did not include participants from the 2015 or 2014 surveys, except for the Forestry sector, where due to the small number of businesses operating in the sector, all employers were invited to participate. The research method used was a written, self-completion survey with the option to complete online. The targeted number of completed surveys we hoped to achieve was 400 per sector, with the exception of Forestry where, given the relatively small number of businesses in this industry, 300 completed surveys were targeted. The employers survey took place between 20 October and 8 December A total of 1,237 5 valid completed surveys were received from employers across the four high-risk sectors and 367 surveys from employers in the Other sector. 5 This value is based on the total number of valid survey completes and differs from the base shown in question 1 in the data tables. 19

26 2.4.1 Employers response EMPLOYERS AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER NUMBER OF PEOPLE INVITED TARGETED NUMBER OF COMPLETED SURVEYS NUMBER OF COMPLETED SURVEYS RECEIVED RESPONSE RATE* 29% 22% 27% 25% 22% *Response rate was calculated using response rate Method II. For detailed explanation refer to Health and Safety Attitudes and Behaviours in the New Zealand Workforce: A Survey of Workers and Employers, 2016 Survey, Technical Report. Overall, the targeted number of interviews was not met in any of the sectors, with 91% achieved in the Agriculture sector, 69% in the Construction sector, 77% in the Forestry sector, 92% in the Manufacturing sector and 92% in the Other sector. Limitations of the approach used are: The contact information in the ACC database varied in many instances there was only a business name supplied and therefore the invitation to participate had to be sent to The Health and Safety Manager rather than a named person; a number of the businesses listed were no longer operating or had moved address; and some employers who no longer employed staff were included in the database. Businesses that had taken part in ACC research in the previous six months were excluded from the sample provided by ACC. Appendix II provides a profile of the respondents in the employers sample. The workers grouping includes self-employed people who do not employ others and employers who do the day-to-day work they also employ others to do. These groups completed the survey from the viewpoint of someone working in their sector, rather than as an employer. 2.5 ANALYSIS AND REPORTING In this report, analysis and reporting is structured as follows: Most measures are reported at a summary level (i.e. by combining the results for WorkSafe s four highrisk sectors). Before they were analysed, the summary and other data were adjusted (or weighted). These adjustments make sure that the survey respondents are representative of the populations they are selected from. For workers, the adjustments are based on age within each of the relevant occupational sectors in the Electoral Roll. For employers, they are based on size of business within the occupational sector in the ACC Levy Payers database. The Technical report has more details of these adjustments. 20

27 Results are also reported at an individual sector level, so the four high-risk sectors can be compared with each other and with the Other sector. The Other sector includes those workers and employers who did not fall into one of WorkSafe s four high-risk sectors; workers in the Commercial Fishing sector are also excluded. 2014, 2015 and 2016 findings have been presented and discussed in this report where possible and practical. If previous findings are not presented/discussed, this is because the question or response option was new in 2015 or The arrows are used in the tables and charts to show statistically significant changes from 2015 to 2016 and in some charts significant changes from 2014 to Results that are significantly higher in 2016 than in 2014 are described in the text. MARGIN OF ERROR All sample surveys are subject to sampling error. Sampling error is the measure of uncertainty arising from survey estimates because only a sample of the population is observed. Based on a total sample size of 2,190 respondents for workers and 1,237 for employers in the four WorkSafe high-risk sectors, the results shown in this survey are subject to a maximum sampling error of plus or minus 2.1% and 2.8%, respectively, at the 95% confidence level. That is, there is a 95% chance that the true population value of a result of 50% actually lies between 47.9% and 52.1% for workers and between 47.2% and 52.8% for employers. As the result moves further away from 50%, so the error margin will decrease. The maximum error margins for each of the sub-groups of interest are: Margin of error MAXIMUM MARGIN OF ERROR ON 50% RESULTS WORKERS (SAMPLE ACHIEVED) MARGIN OF ERROR (95% LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE) EMPLOYERS (SAMPLE ACHIEVED) MARGIN OF ERROR (95% LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE) AGRICULTURE 694 ± 3.7% 362 ± 5.2% CONSTRUCTION 562 ± 4.1% 274 ± 6.0% FORESTRY 320 ± 5.5% 232 ± 6.5% MANUFACTURING 614 ± 4.0% 369 ± 5.1% TOTAL WORKSAFE 4 HIGH-RISK SECTORS 2190 ± 2.1% 1237 ± 2.8% OTHER 1066 ± 3.0% 367 ± 5.1% TOTAL 5 SECTORS 3256 ± 1.7% 1604 ± 2.4% 21

28 2.6 NOTES TO THE REPORT When reading this report, please bear the following in mind. NOTES TO THE REPORT 1. All bases in the charts and tables exclude those participants who did not answer the question. Because this survey was self-completion, a small number of respondents omitted to answer one or more questions on the paper copy (this was not an issue with online completion as respondents had to answer a question before being able to move to the next question). It was also decided to make some potentially sensitive questions optional (e.g. whether serious harm occurred) to allow respondents to complete the remainder of the survey even if they chose not to complete such questions. Therefore, the analysis is based on the number of respondents who completed each particular question, which means that the base numbers quoted in the charts and tables vary slightly between questions. 2. The workers grouping includes self-employed people who do not employ others and employers who do the day-to-day work they also employ others to do. These groups completed the survey from the viewpoint of someone working in their industry, rather than as an employer. 3. In some instances, it was not relevant to ask questions of particular groups of respondents. For example, it was not relevant to ask self-employed people about their boss. Where a not applicable group has been removed from the analysis, this is noted in the description of the base at the bottom of each related chart and table in the report. 4. Given the large quantity of detailed data across sectors and from both workers and employers, this report provides high level analysis with a specific focus on significant differences between sectors, and within sectors, as well as by when workers last had health and safety training, and the level to which workers have a say in decisions affecting their health and safety. The intention is that this report will be a stimulus for readers with particular areas of interest to undertake further research. 5. Differences between sectors and sub-groups mentioned in the body of this report are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Where a result is significantly different from the total result, it is usually reported as being significantly higher or lower than the overall result. Significant differences (increases/decreases, more/less, higher/lower) are shown in bold text. 6. Significance testing is conducted using the effective base size. The effective base is used as a safeguard against making statistical conclusions from a sample that has been drastically adjusted up or down (using weights) to match the population. The effective base is calculated using the following formula: Effective base = (sum of weight factors) squared/sum of the squared weight factors. 7. Any differences in sub-groups in each of the workers and employers surveys mentioned in this report are statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. Obvious differences between workers and employers responses are described in the report but, with a some exceptions, these differences have not been subject to statistical testing. This is because workers and employers chosen for the surveys were selected from different sources and because most of the questions had to be worded slightly differently to be appropriate for each of the groups, and so direct comparisons are not possible. 8. Arrows have been used to show significant increases or decreases between years in graphs and tables. 9. Statistically significant differences for figures that are less than or equal to 3% have not been reported even where the base size is greater than Where there were no responses to a question or response category, this has been shown as a dash '-' in tables. This differs from <0.5% which indicates that a low proportion of workers or employers has responded to a question or category (i.e. up to 0.49%). 11. The exception to note 9 above is that low proportions in Section 6.1 and 6.2 have been statistically adjusted using the Jeffrey s adjustment, to allow for significance testing and as such, are shown. 12. To help manage the amount of detailed data in this report, results are often presented in summary form (for example, the percentage who agreed with a statement) rather than showing every possible data point. Therefore, when interpreting the data, it is important to remember that the remaining respondents did not necessarily disagree with a statement but consist of those who disagreed, or who were non-committal (neither agreed nor disagreed) or who were uncertain. 13. Large companies are more likely to be found in some sectors than in others. Therefore, differences in results between sectors may be partly explained by the greater presence of larger companies in a sector. 14. Statements from the questionnaires are shown in italics while response options in the questionnaire are in bold. 22

29 SECTION 3: WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONTEXT 23

30 3 WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONTEXT This section of the report highlights survey results that help to put workers and employers behaviours and attitudes to health and safety in the workplace in context. It focuses on the extent to which health and safety is prioritised. We consider: where health and safety sits in the priorities of workers and employers, relative to other workplace and business considerations the extent to which workers take personal responsibility for their own health and safety and which groups of people and organisations with influence in the workplace are seen by workers and employers as having a very big responsibility for workplace health and safety workers and employers views on whether employers (bosses) prioritise worker health and safety by examining concern for worker health and safety, the priority given to health and safety in relation to production and the extent to which safe actions and behaviours are rewarded. 3.1 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF WORKERS HEALTH AND SAFETY Workers were asked to choose the three aspects (from a list of 14) that were most important to them in their work, while employers were asked the same question in relation to their businesses. Appendix III shows the results for all the aspects across the three survey years Proportion putting health and safety in their three most important work/business considerations: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS 33% 35% 39% 50% 60% 63% 2014 (n=2296) 2015 (n=2097) 2016 (n=2183) 2014 (n=1351) 2015 (n=1501) 2016 (n=1234) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q30 (W) What three things are most important to you in your work right now? Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q24(E) What three aspects are the most important considerations for your business right now? Across the four WorkSafe high-risk sectors, staying healthy and safe while at work was one of the three main priorities of almost four in ten (39%) workers. Employers were more likely than workers to prioritise health and safety, with over six in ten (63%) identifying keeping workers healthy and safe while at work as one of their three most important business priorities. The proportions of both workers and employers who included health and safety as a top three work / business priority has remained relatively stable since For employers, this means that the increase seen between 2014 and 2015 has been sustained in

31 WORKERS By sector Across workers in the four high-risk sectors, those in the Forestry sector were more likely to include staying healthy and safe while at work in their top three most important work considerations (49% cf. 39% overall), while workers in the Agriculture sector were less likely to include this in their top three statements (31% cf. 39% overall) Proportion including health and safety in their three most important work considerations: Workers AGRICULTURE 31% 25% 23% CONSTRUCTION 42% 40% 37% FORESTRY 49% 51% 51% MANUFACTURING 41% 40% 40% OTHER 19% 17% 20% Base: Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=599; 2015 n=536; 2016 n=690) Construction (2014 n=617; 2015 n=526; 2016 n=561) Forestry (2014 n=377; 2015 n=389; 2016 n=319) Manufacturing (2014 n=703; 2015 n=646; 2016 n=613) Other sector (2014 n=916; 2015 n=821; 2016 n=1065) Q30 (W) What 3 things are most important to you in your work right now? Where health and safety sits as a priority relative to other work considerations in each sector is shown in Table 3.1.3, which lists the three most important considerations for workers. Staying healthy and safe while at work was only the most frequently mentioned priority among Forestry workers. For workers in the Agriculture and Construction sectors, this was the third most frequently mentioned priority, while for the Manufacturing and Other sectors staying healthy and safe while at work was not a top three priority. Since 2015, a number of changes have occurred across the sectors in terms of the top three priorities: In the Agriculture sector, working outdoors or on the land dropped out of the top three, while staying healthy and safe at work moved up into the third most important priority. This is an increase since 2015 (31% up from 25%). In the Construction sector, the top three priorities remained consistent, however, the proportion including having a good work/life balance in their top three priorities increased since 2015 (48%, up from 41%). In the Forestry sector, pride in doing a good job dropped down to the second most important consideration and was displaced by staying healthy and safe at work. 25

32 In the Manufacturing sector, staying healthy and safe at work dropped out of the top three, while having a good work/life balance moved up to being the third most important consideration. Finally, in the Other sector, having a regular income dropped out of the top three priorities, while enjoying my work moved up to be the third most important consideration Top 3 work considerations: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=690) CONSTRUCTION (n=561) FORESTRY (n=319) MANUFACTURING (n=613) OTHER (n=1065) 1 47% Pride in doing a good job 55% Pride in doing a good job 49% Healthy and safe at work 48% Regular income 49% Good work/life balance 2 38% Good work/life balance 48% Good work/life balance 48% Pride in doing a good job 41% Pride in doing a good job 43% Pride in doing a good job 3 31% Healthy and safe at work 42% Healthy and safe at 42% Regular income work 41% Good work/life balance 39% Enjoying my work Base: Workers Q30 (W): What 3 things are most important to you in your work right now? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to include staying healthy and safe while at work in their top three priorities (42% cf. 39% overall), while workers who had never had health and safety training were less likely to include this (30% cf. 39%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to include the following work considerations in their top three priorities: Taking pride in doing a good job (53% cf. 50% overall) Staying healthy and safe while at work (42% cf. 39%) Staying healthy and fit so I can keep doing the work I do (21% cf. 18%) Being free to make my own decisions (18% cf. 14%). EMPLOYERS By sector Chart shows the proportion of employers from each of the five sectors surveyed who identified health and safety as one of their top three considerations. Following increases in the Agriculture and Other sectors in 2015 in the proportion of employers who included this in their top three priorities, results have remained stable across the sectors in As seen in 2014 and 2015, in every sector, a higher proportion of employers than workers identified health and safety as one of their three main priorities. 26

33 Across the four high-risk sectors, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to include keeping workers healthy and safe while at work in their top three priorities (89% cf. 63% overall) Proportion putting health and safety in their three most important work/business considerations: Employers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION 60% 67% 57% 44% 65% 57% FORESTRY 89% 86% 87% MANUFACTURING 60% 55% 48% OTHER 46% 42% 30% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=380; 2015 n=412; 2016 n=361) Construction (2014 n=345; 2015 n=392; 2016 n=274) Forestry (2014 n=269; 2015 n=269; 2016 n=230) Manufacturing (2014 n=357; 2015 n=428; 2016 n=369) Other sector (2014 n=322; 2015 n=403; 2016 n=366) Q24 (E) What 3 aspects are most important considerations for your business right now? Among employers, keeping workers healthy and safe while at work was the most frequently mentioned business priority in all four high-risk sectors, as Table shows. Other changes seen across the sectors are as follows: In the Construction sector, producing excellent products and/or services dropped from third priority and was replaced by ensuring the business complies with laws and regulations, which also saw an increase since 2015 (39%, up from 29% in 2015). In the Other sector, keeping workers healthy and safe at work moved up from third priority to second priority, while growing the business/ improving the profitability of the business moved up to being the third most important consideration. 27

34 3.1.5 Top 3 business considerations: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=361) CONSTRUCTION (n=274) FORESTRY (n=230) MANUFACTURING (n=369) OTHER (n=366) 1 60% 2 41% 3 36% Keeping workers healthy and safe while at work Looking after the health and welfare of the animals Growing the business / improving the profitability of the business 67% 51% 39% Keeping workers healthy and safe while at work 89% Being a respected and 47% trusted business Ensuring the business complies with 45% laws and regulations Keeping workers healthy and safe while at work 60% Ensuring the business complies with 46% laws and regulations Being a respected and 44% trusted business Base: Employers Q24 (E) What 3 aspects are most important considerations for your business right now? Keeping workers healthy and safe while at work Producing excellent products and/or services Being a respected and trusted business 48% 46% 41% Being a respected and trusted business Keeping workers healthy and safe while at work Growing the business / improving the profitability of the business Health and safety training For employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months, employers were more likely to include ensuring the business complies with laws and regulations in their top three priorities (37% cf. 31% overall), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were less likely to include this (25% cf. 31% overall). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to prioritise the following in their top three business considerations: Keeping workers healthy and safe at work (67% cf. 63% overall) Being a respected and trusted business (44% cf. 39%) Ensuring the business complies with laws and regulations (36% cf. 31%). 3.2 RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY The extent to which workers take personal responsibility for their own health and safety has a major influence on creating safer workplaces. Workers and employers were asked to indicate how much responsibility they felt workers and each of a number of other groups should take for making sure workers stay healthy and safe while at work. A 5-point response scale was used, where 1 represented no responsibility at all and 5 represented a very big responsibility. 28

35 Chart shows the proportions of workers and employers in the four high-risk sectors that attributed a very big responsibility to each group Proportion indicating each group as having a very big responsibility for workplace health and safety: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS The workers themselves The immediate boss or supervisor of the workers Top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board) *Farm/property/forest/business owner Companies in the industry Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the industry The Government Industry bodies Workers' unions 59% 54% 57% 45% 45% 48% 47% 43% 47% 45% 41% 44% 38% 35% 36% 34% 30% 35% 32% 29% 32% % 66% 71% 83% 81% 84% The workers themselves The immediate boss or supervisor of the workers Top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board) *Farm/property/forest/business owner Companies in the industry Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the industry The Government Industry bodies Workers' unions % 86% 86% 71% 74% 76% 54% 57% 58% 52% 52% 57% 38% 34% 39% 43% 39% 42% 26% 24% 23% 27% 24% 26% 21% 19% 20% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q47 (W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q44 (E) *Owner - each sector asked individually; Agriculture farm/property owner, Construction-property owner, Forestryforest owner, Manufacturing-business owner. The results shown are the totals for the four high-risk sectors. How much responsibility should each of the following groups take for making sure workers stay healthy and safe at work? (5 point scale where 1= no responsibility and 5 = very big responsibility) As seen in both 2014 and 2015, a high proportion of both workers (83%) and employers (84%) in the four highrisk sectors thought that workers themselves have a very big responsibility for their own health and safety. These results have remained constant over time since Around seven in ten workers (69%) and employers (71%) thought that the immediate boss or supervisor has a very big responsibility for workers health and safety, while just under six in ten (59%) workers and a slightly lower proportion of employers (54%) thought that top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board) has a very big responsibility for workers health and safety. The proportion of workers who thought that top management has a very big responsibility increased since 2015 (59%, up from 54% in 2015). Lastly, the proportion of workers who thought that industry bodies have a very big responsibility increased since 2015 (34%, up from 30% in 2015). 29

36 It is interesting to note that the top three groups identified as having a very big responsibility for workers health and safety are very similar for both workers and employers, indicating they have similar views when it comes to who holds the most responsibility. WORKERS By sector Table shows the three groups identified most often by workers within each sector as having a very big responsibility for workers health and safety. In all sectors, workers most commonly selected workers themselves as having a very big responsibility for workers health and safety. The immediate boss or supervisor was the second most frequently mentioned group across all of the four high-risk sectors, while in the Other sector, the business owner received the second most number of mentions. The third most frequently mentioned groups differed across the sectors. The order of the groups within each sector show the 2016 results to be similar to those of 2015, with the exception of the Manufacturing sector, where the business owner dropped down to being the third most frequently mentioned group, being displaced by immediate boss or supervisor. Changes in the proportions of workers who assign a very big responsibility for health and safety to particular groups are as follows: Agriculture: farm or property owners has increased returning to the proportion seen in 2014 (56%, up from 50% in 2015) Manufacturing: immediate boss or supervisor has increased (77%, up from 72% in 2015). In 2016, across the four high-risk sectors, groups more likely to be assigned a very big responsibility are: Workers themselves Forestry (91% cf. 83% overall) The immediate boss or supervisor Forestry and Manufacturing (80% and 77%, respectively, cf. 69%) Top management - Forestry and Manufacturing (69% and 71%, respectively, cf. 59%) Workers union Manufacturing (47% cf. 32%) The Government Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing (42%, 45% and 51%, respectively, cf. 38%) Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the industry Forestry and Manufacturing (53% and 55%, respectively, cf. 45%) Industry bodies Forestry and Manufacturing (48% and 51%, respectively, cf. 34%) Companies in the industry Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing (54%, 70% and 61%, respectively, cf. 47%). 30

37 3.2.2 Groups thought to have a very big responsibility for workers health and safety: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER (n= ) 1 81% Workers themselves 86% Workers themselves 91% Workers themselves 79% Workers themselves 75% Workers themselves 2 63% Immediate boss or supervisor 69% Immediate boss or supervisor 80% Immediate boss or supervisor 77% Immediate boss or supervisor 75% Business owner 3 56% Farm or property owners 66% Site Manager 70% Companies in the industry 75% Business owner 71% Immediate boss or supervisor Top management Base: Workers Q47 (W) How much responsibility should each of the following groups take for making sure workers stay healthy and safe at work? (5-point scale where 1= no responsibility and 5 = very big responsibility) Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that the following groups had a very big responsibility for workers health and safety: The workers themselves (84% cf. 80% overall) The immediate boss or supervisor (of the workers) (72% cf. 70%) Top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board) (66% cf. 63%) Workers union (37% cf. 33%) The Government (43% cf. 40%) Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the industry (51% cf. 47%) Industry bodies (38% cf. 34% overall). 31

38 Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to say that the following groups had a very big responsibility for workers health and safety: The workers themselves (90% cf. 83% overall) The immediate boss or supervisor (of the workers) (75% cf. 69%) Top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board) (64% cf. 59%) Workers union (34% cf. 32%) The Government (42% cf. 38%) Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the industry (51% cf. 45%) The farm or property owners 6 (61% cf. 56%) The property owner (37% cf. 30%) The site manager (73% cf. 66%) The business owner (81% cf. 75%) Industry bodies (38% cf. 34%) Companies in the industry (52% cf. 47%). EMPLOYERS By sector Table shows the three groups identified most often by employers within each sector as having a very big responsibility for workers health and safety. Similar to the results for workers, across the four high-risk sectors, employers most commonly identified workers themselves as the group having a very big responsibility for workers health and safety, while in the Other sector, the business owner was the most commonly selected group. The second and third most frequently mentioned groups differed across the sectors as shown in Table The order of the groups within each sector in the 2016 results has changed slightly across a number of the sectors as follows: Construction: Immediate manager or supervisors dropped to the third most commonly mentioned group, being displaced by the site manager. Manufacturing: Business owner moved up to being the second most commonly mentioned group, ahead of immediate manager or supervisors. Other : Workers themselves dropped from being the most commonly mentioned group to the second, with the business owner becoming the most commonly mentioned group and immediate manager or supervisor being the third most commonly mentioned. Since 2015, the only change in the proportion of employers who assigned a very big responsibility for health and safety was in the Forestry sector, where the proportion saying the workers themselves were responsible increased (96%, up from 91% in 2015). 6 The farm or property owners, the property owner, the site manager and the business owner are sector-specific response options, so the comparison is with workers in the relevant sector and not workers overall. 32

39 Differences across the four high-risk sectors about which groups were more likely to be assigned a very big responsibility were: Workers themselves - Forestry (96% cf. 84% overall) Immediate boss or supervisor - Forestry (90% cf. 71%) Companies in the industry Forestry and Construction (59% and 48%, respectively, cf. 38%) Senior management Forestry and Manufacturing (66% and 64%, respectively, cf. 54%) Owner Manufacturing and Agriculture (78% and 63%, respectively, cf. 52%) Industry bodies Forestry and Construction (39% and 33%, respectively, cf. 27%) The Government Forestry and Manufacturing (34% and 32%, respectively, cf. 26%) Groups thought to have a very big responsibility for workers health and safety: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER (n= ) 1 84% Workers themselves 84% Workers themselves 96% Workers themselves 82% Workers themselves 81% Business owner 2 69% Immediate managers or supervisors 73% The site manager 90% Immediate managers or supervisors 78% Business owner 78% Workers themselves 3 63% Farm or property owners 72% The immediate managers or supervisors of the workers 66% Senior management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board Members) 71% Immediate managers or supervisors 74% Immediate managers or supervisors Base: Employers Q44 (E) How much responsibility should each of the following groups take for making sure workers stay healthy and safe at work? (5 point scale where 1= no responsibility and 5 = very big responsibility) 33

40 Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say the following groups have a very big responsibility for workers health and safety: The immediate managers or supervisors of the workers (77% cf. 71% overall) Top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board members) (59% cf. 54%) Workers union (27% cf. 21%) The Government (33% cf. 26%) Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the business (50% cf. 43%) The property owner 7 (38% cf. 31%) The site manager (78% cf. 73%) Industry bodies (34% cf. 27%) Companies in the industry (46% cf. 38%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say the following groups have a very big responsibility for workers health and safety in their business: The workers themselves (89% cf. 84% overall) The immediate managers or supervisors of the workers (81% cf. 71%) Top management (e.g. Chief Executive, Board members) (62% cf. 54%) Workers union (26% cf. 21%) The Government (32% cf. 26%) Machinery and vehicle manufacturers that supply the business (51% cf. 43%) The farm or property owners (71% cf. 63%) The property owner (40% cf. 31%) The site manager (85% cf. 73%) The business owner (84% cf. 78%) Industry bodies (34% cf. 27%) Companies in the industry (46% cf. 38%). 3.3 PRIORITISING HEALTH AND SAFETY Qualitative research undertaken in found that a worker s immediate boss sets the tone in terms of how health and safety is regarded in the workplace. If the boss or supervisor is seen to prioritise health and safety above other considerations, then workers will be influenced by this. 7 The farm or property owners, the property owner, the site manager and the business owner are sector-specific response options, so the comparison is with employers in the relevant sector and not employers overall. 8 The qualitative research reports can be found here: 34

41 As shown in Section 3.2 of this report, in 2016 the majority of employers attributed a very big responsibility for workers health and safety to the immediate managers or supervisors of the workers. Whether managers/supervisors or bosses take responsibility can be partially assessed by asking workers for their views about their employer s commitment to worker health and safety. Workers (excluding those who said they were self-employed) were asked the extent to which they agreed or disagreed (using a 5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree) that: my boss is genuinely concerned about the health and safety of the workers my boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or making a profit than in safety my boss praises or rewards workers who act safely. Employers were asked two questions similar to those asked of workers. That is, the extent to which they agreed or disagreed that: this business considers safety at least as important as production and quality in the way work is done those who act safely receive positive recognition. WORKERS The results in Table show that the majority of workers (79%) agreed (4 and 5 out of 5 on the scale) that their boss is genuinely concerned about the health and safety of workers; a significant increase since 2015 (79%, up from 74%). Almost two-thirds (63%) of workers disagreed that their boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or profit than safety, while a lower proportion (49%) agreed that their boss praises or rewards workers who act safely. These two results have remained relatively constant across time since Prioritising health and safety: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS GENUINE CONCERN Boss is genuinely concerned about the health and safety of the workers 76% agree 74% agree 79% agree SAFETY AS PRIORITY Boss sometimes seems more interested in getting job done or profit than safety 63% disagree 60% disagree 63% disagree SAFE BEHAVIOUR REWARDED Boss praises or rewards workers who act safely 45% agree 45% agree 49% agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q49 R7-9 (W) To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 35

42 Genuine Concern By sector Genuine concern from bosses was evident to at least seven in ten workers in each of the five sectors, as Chart shows. Since 2015, results have remained relatively constant, with the exception of the Agriculture sector, where the proportion agreeing that their boss is genuinely concerned about worker health and safety increased (82%, up from 74% in 2015) Proportion agreeing boss shows genuine concern for health and safety: Workers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 82% 80% 86% 74% 75% 74% 80% 75% 76% 81% 81% 72% 71% 77% 71% Base: Workers excluding self-employed in Agriculture (2014 n=255; 2015 n=202; 2016 n=259) Construction (2014 n= 381; 2015 n=309; 2016 n=336) Forestry (2014 n=301; 2015 n=317; 2016 n=266) Manufacturing (2014 n=625; 2015 n=586; 2016 n=556) Other sector (2014 n=744; 2015 n=687; 2016 n=857) Q49 (W) R8 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Forestry workers were more likely to agree that their boss is genuinely concerned about health and safety (86% cf. 79% for the four high-risk sectors overall). Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that their boss is genuinely concerned about the health and safety of the workers (83% cf. 79% overall), while workers who had never had health and safety training were less likely to agree with this (68% cf. 79% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their boss is genuinely concerned about the health and safety of the workers (87% cf. 79% overall). Health and safety in relation to production and profit By sector Across the four high-risk sectors, over six in ten (63%) workers disagreed that the boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or in making a profit than in safety. Two in ten (23%) agreed with this statement. 36

43 Around five to seven in ten workers in each of the five sectors did not think that their boss is more interested in production and profit than in health and safety, as Chart shows. Results have remained relatively stable since 2015, with exception of the Forestry sector, where there was an increase in the proportion of workers who disagreed with this statement (71%, up from 63% in 2015) Proportion disagreeing boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or profit than in safety: Workers AGRICULTURE % % 70% CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING 54% 64% 71% 60% 61% 63% 69% 59% 59% OTHER 69% 67% 58% Base: Workers excluding self-employed in Agriculture (2014 n=252; 2015 n=202; 2016 n=259) Construction (2014 n= 381; 2015 n=309; 2016 n=336) Forestry (2014 n=301; 2015 n=316; 2016 n=266) Manufacturing (2014 n=626; 2015 n=585; 2016 n=556) Other sector (2014 n=743; 2015 n=687; 2016 n=858) Q49 (W) R9 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to disagree that the boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or in making a profit than in safety (66% cf. 63% overall), while those who had never had health and safety training were less likely to disagree with this (55% cf. 63% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to disagree that the boss sometimes seems more interested in getting the job done or in making a profit than in safety (72% cf. 63% overall). Rewarding safe behaviour Of the three indicators of employer commitment to worker health and safety discussed in this section, the least positive result is in relation to recognising and rewarding safe actions and behaviours. By sector Across the four high-risk sectors, just under half (49%) of workers agreed that their boss praises or rewards workers who act safely, while almost a quarter (24%) disagreed that this occured. Forestry bosses were rated more positively than other employers in respect of praising and rewarding safe behaviour (61% cf. 49%). Since 37

44 2015, the proportion of workers in the Agriculture sector who agreed that their boss praises or rewards workers who act safely increased (52%, up from 40% in 2015) Proportion agreeing boss praises and rewards workers who act safely: Workers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 52% 49% 61% 45% 45% 40% 46% 47% 45% 56% 54% 43% 44% 42% 39% Base: Workers excluding self-employed in Agriculture (2014 n=253; 2015 n=202; 2016 n=258) Construction (2014 n= 380; 2015 n=308; 2016 n=335) Forestry (2014 n=301; 2015 n=315; 2016 n=265) Manufacturing (2014 n=626; 2015 n=582; 2016 n=554) Other sector (2014 n=745; 2015 n=687; 2016 n=855) Q49 (W) R7 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that their boss praises or rewards workers who act safely (55% cf. 49% overall), while workers who had never had health and safety training were less likely to agree with this (33% cf. 49% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their boss praises or rewards workers who act safely (59% cf. 49% overall). EMPLOYERS As seen in Table 3.3.5, eight in ten (83%) employers in the four high-risk sectors agreed that their business considers safety at least as important as production and quality in the way work is done, while just 5% disagreed. This result is more positive than that of workers, with just over six in ten (63%) considering that their boss is as interested in safety as in production and profit. There is also a contrast between workers and employers views about rewarding and recognising workers who act safely. While seven in ten (70%) employers agreed that this occurs, just under half (49%) of workers agreed. These results have remained relatively stable across time since

45 3.3.5 Prioritising Health and Safety: The four high-risk sectors EMPLOYERS SAFETY AS PRIORITY This business considers safety at least as important as production and quality in the way work is done 80% agree 83% agree 83% agree SAFE BEHAVIOUR REWARDED Those who act safely receive positive recognition 65% agree 69% agree 70% agree Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n=1492; 2016 n= ) Q43 (E) To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety in relation to production and quality By sector As seen in 2014 and 2015, across the four high-risk sectors a higher proportion of Forestry employers agreed that the business considers safety at least as important as production and quality (93% cf. 83% overall) Proportion agreeing business considers safety at least as important as production and quality: Employers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 82% 84% 93% 84% 80% 80% 81% 86% 78% 90% 90% 84% 80% 76% 75% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=378; 2015 n=406; 2016 n=361) Construction (2014 n= 346; 2015 n=391; 2016 n=272) Forestry (2014 n=268; 2015 n=270; 2016 n=231) Manufacturing (2014 n=358; 2015 n=425; 2016 n=367) Other sector (2014 n=317; 2015 n=399; 2016 n=365) Q43 (E) R3 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety training There were no differences in response to this statement in relation to the proportion of workers in the business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. 39

46 Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their business considers safety at least as important as production and quality in the way work is done (95% cf. 83% overall). Rewarding safe behaviour By sector Forestry employers were more likely than other employers in the four high-risk sectors to agree that workers who act safely receive positive recognition (81% cf. 70% overall). Since 2015, these results have remained relatively stable across the sectors Proportion agreeing those who act safely receive positive recognition: Employers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 69% 72% 81% 66% 65% 63% 68% 75% 69% 82% 82% 70% 57% 62% 64% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=375; 2015 n=405; 2016 n=360) Construction (2014 n= 345; 2015 n=390; 2016 n=272) Forestry (2014 n=269; 2015 n=271; 2016 n=230) Manufacturing (2014 n=356; 2015 n=426; 2016 n=367) Other sector (2014 n=316; 2015 n=394; 2016 n=364) Q43 (E) R7 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that workers who act safely receive positive recognition (75% cf. 70% overall). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that workers who act safely receive positive recognition (81% cf. 70% overall). 40

47 SECTION 4: WORKER ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION 41

48 4 WORKER ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION This section of the report covers aspects of worker engagement and participation in health and safety matters in the workplace, as well as workplace health and safety training. Worker engagement refers to how a business involves its workers in work health and safety matters and decisions. Worker participation refers to ongoing ways for workers to contribute to improving health and safety at work, including raising health and safety concerns, being part of making decisions that affect worker health and safety, and offering suggestions for improving health and safety. Both involve two-way communication a conversation about health and safety. Workers and employers were asked questions about: Worker involvement in decision making involving health and safety Effectiveness of worker engagement in health and safety matters Communication about health and safety issues Worker participation practices (e.g. health and safety committees, mentors, representatives) Provision of health and safety information to workers Workers and employers working together to create a safer workplace Speaking up about health and safety matters Health and safety training. 4.1 WORKER ENGAGEMENT DECISION MAKING Workers were asked if they thought that they always have a say in decisions that affect their health and safety, while employers were asked if their workers are always involved in making such decisions. A new question about employers giving feedback to workers about how their views on health and safety were considered was added to the survey in 2015 to gain more insight into the extent of worker involvement in the health and safety decision making process. As Table shows, almost eight in ten (79%) workers in the four high-risk sectors agreed 9 that they always have a say in decisions that affect their health and safety, which is relatively similar to both the 2015 and 2014 results. A similar proportion (81%) of employers agreed that workers are always involved in decisions affecting their health and safety. While there was an increase in the proportion of employers agreeing with this statement between 2014 and 2015 (up from 78% to 82%), this result remained relatively stable in It should be noted that, while around eight in ten workers and employers agreed that workers are involved in decisions, fewer than six in ten workers (56%) and employers (52%) strongly agreed that workers are involved. 9 The extent of agreement is measured on a 5-point scale where 1=strongly agree and 5=strongly disagree. In the analysis agree is responses 4 and 5 on the scale and disagree is responses 1 and 2. 42

49 The majority of employers (79%) agreed that their business always lets workers know how we have considered their views when decisions are made about workplace health and safety. However, a noticeably smaller proportion (53%) of workers agreed that they are always told how their views have been taken into account Proportion agreeing that workers are always involved in decisions about health and safety: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKERS HAVE A SAY I always have a say in decisions that affect my health and safety 77% agree 77% agree 79% agree Workers are always involved in decisions affecting their health and safety 78% agree 82% agree 81% agree WORKERS GIVEN FEEDBACK When my boss makes decisions about workplace health and safety, workers are always told how their views have been considered 53% agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014 n=2239; 2015 n=2013; 2016 n=2122) Q48 (W) R11 Base: Workers from four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2015 n=1413; 2016 n=1415) Q49 (W) R14-52% agree Our business always lets workers know how we have considered their views when decisions are made about workplace health and safety 78% agree Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=1349; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q43 (E) R5; Q47 (E) R8 How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - 79% agree WORKERS By sector As Table shows, relatively high proportions of workers in all sectors agree they have their say about health and safety decisions, but fewer agreed they know how their views are being considered when workplace decisions about health and safety are made. As in 2015, workers in the Forestry and Agriculture sectors were more likely than those in the high-risk sectors overall to agree that workers always have a say in decisions affecting their health and safety (89% and 83%, respectively, cf. 79% overall). Workers in Manufacturing were less likely to agree (67%). Six in ten (64%) Other sector workers said that they always have a say in the decision-making process. In four of the five sectors, around half of workers said they are told how their views about health and safety had been considered by their boss. Forestry workers were more likely to agree that they are told how their views had been considered (68% cf. 53% overall). 43

50 While there were no statistically significant changes between 2015 and 2016 for either of these questions, the proportion of Forestry workers who agreed they always have a say in decisions affecting health and safety has significantly increased since 2014 (up from 82% in 2014 to 89% in 2016) Proportion agreeing that workers are always involved in decisions about health and safety: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Workers always have a say in decisions affecting health and safety Told how views about health and safety have been considered* 83% 80% 89% 67% 64% 51% 53% 68% 53% 45% Base: Workers excluding doesn t apply Q48 (W) R11 *Base: Workers excluding don t know/doesn t apply Q49 (W) R14 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree they are told how their views had been considered (57% cf. 53% overall), while those who had never undertaken training were less likely to agree (43% cf. 53%). Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that when their boss makes decisions about workplace health and safety, they are always told how their views have been considered (68% cf. 53% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector As in 2015, Forestry sector employers in 2016 were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to agree that workers are always involved in decisions affecting their health and safety (92% cf. 81% overall), while Agriculture sector employers were less likely to agree (76%). Forestry sector employers were also more likely than employers in the four high-risk sectors overall to agree that their business always lets workers know how we have considered their views when decisions are made about workplace health and safety (88% cf. 79% overall). 44

51 Between 2014 and 2015, there were increases in the proportion of employers in both the Construction (from 77% in 2014 to 86% in 2015) and Manufacturing sectors (up from 76% to 84%) who agreed that workers are always involved in the decision-making process. Since 2015 however, there have been no increases in any of the other sectors. There was an increase in the proportion of Agriculture sector employers agreeing that their business always lets workers know how we have considered their views when decisions are made about workplace health and safety (up from 73% in 2015 to 80% in 2016) Proportion agreeing that workers are always involved in decisions about health and safety: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Workers are always involved in decisions affecting their health and safety Business always lets workers know how views about health and safety have been considered 76% 84% 92% 81% 78% 80% 79% 88% 79% 82% Base: Employers Q43(E) R5/Q47(E) R8 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Employers where at least half of the workers in their business had undertaken formal health and safety training were more likely to agree that their workers are always involved in decisions affecting their health and safety (84% cf. 81% overall). Employers where at least half of their workers in their business had undertaken formal health and safety training were more likely to agree that their business always lets workers know how we have considered their views when decisions are made about workplace health and safety (86% cf. 79% overall). In contrast, employers who said none of the workers in their business had undertaken formal health and safety training were less likely to agree with this statement (74% cf. 79%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their business always lets workers know how we have considered their views when decisions are made about workplace health and safety (90% cf. 79% overall). 45

52 EFFECTIVENESS The two questions discussed in this section so far, are indicators of the effectiveness of worker engagement on health and safety matters in that they show the extent to which workers views are taken into account. Another indicator of effectiveness was added in 2015, where workers were asked if they thought they make a difference to health and safety where they work. Almost seven in ten (69%) workers agreed that, where I work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety. This result did not change in Proportion agreeing that, where they work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS Where I work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety 65% agree 69% agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2015 n=1414; 2016, n=1418) Q49 (W) R15 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? WORKERS By sector As shown in Chart 4.1.5, over six in ten workers in each of the sectors surveyed agreed that workers really do make a difference to health and safety in their workplace. Forestry workers were more likely to agree with this statement than workers in the high-risk sectors overall (82% cf. 69% overall). There were no significant changes over time for this question for any of the sectors. 46

53 4.1.5 Proportion agreeing that, where they work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety: Workers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 66% 70% 82% 69% 63% 61% 64% 81% 67% 62% Base: Workers excluding self-employed in Agriculture (2015 n=202; 2016 n=260) Construction (2015 n=308; 2016 n=336) Forestry (2015 n=318; 2016 n=266) Manufacturing (2015 n=586; 2016 n=556) Other sector (2015 n=687; 2016 n=857) Q49(W) To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that, where I work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety (74% cf. 69% overall), while those who had never undertaken training were less likely to agree (55% cf. 69%). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that, where I work, workers really do make a difference to health and safety (79% cf. 69% overall). OPEN COMMUNICATION For workers to be fully engaged with employers on matters of health and safety, there needs to be open communication between the two groups. Workers and employers were asked if things that put health and safety at risk (such as hazards, near misses and accidents) are discussed in an open and helpful way. Almost in eight in ten (79%) workers said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time in their workplace. While the proportion of workers who agreed with this statement did not increase significantly between 2014 and 2015, or between 2015 and 2016, there were slight increases each year. These incremental improvements have resulted in a significant increase over the whole period, up from 74% in 2014 to 79% in A higher proportion (89%) of employers said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way. 47

54 4.1.6 Proportion saying that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always/most of the time: The four high-risk sectors NET % Always or mostly WORKERS EMPLOYERS NET % Always or mostly 79% 37% 42% % 41% 89% 75% 33% 42% % 38% 86% 74% 33% 41% 52% % 89% MOSTLY ALWAYS Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014 n=2086; 2015 n=1874; 2016 n= 1981) Q52 (W) ALWAYS MOSTLY Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014 n=1323; 2015 n=1473; 2016 n=1211) Q49 (E) How often does each happen in your workplace/business (never, less than half the time, half the time, most of the time, always, don t know) WORKERS By sector As Chart shows, over seven in ten workers in each sector said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time. Across the four high-risk sectors, workers in the Forestry sector were more likely to say this (90% cf. 79% overall), while workers in Manufacturing were less likely to say so (73%). There were no significant changes in any of the sectors for this question between 2015 and However, there has been an increase in the proportion of workers in the Construction sector who said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way since 2014 (up from 73% in 2014 to 79% in 2016). 48

55 4.1.7 Proportion who said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always/most of the time: Workers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 81% 79% 90% 73% 73% 79% 79% 74% 73% 91% 85% 72% 68% 72% 69% Base: Workers excluding doesn t apply in Agriculture (2014 n=497; 2015 n=426; 2016 n=586) Construction (2014 n=581; 2015 n=485; 2016 n=529) Forestry (2014 n=367; 2015 n=384; 2016 n=312) Manufacturing (2014 n=693; 2015 n=628; 2016 n=599) Other sector (2014 n=815; 2015 n=724; 2016 n=949) Q52(W How often would you say each of the following happens in your workplace? Frequency scale (never, less than half the time, half the time, most of the time, always) Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time (84% cf. 79% overall). In contrast, those who had never undertaken training or had undertaken training more than 12 months ago were less likely to agree (67% and 73%, respectively, cf. 79% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to say that things that put health and safety at risk (such as hazards, near misses and accidents) are discussed in an open and helpful way often (86% cf. 79% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector High proportions (over eight in ten) of employers in each sector thought that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time, as can be seen in Chart Like workers in Forestry, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than high-risk sector employers overall to think health and safety matters are discussed in an open and helpful way (94% cf. 87% overall). 49

56 Since 2015, the proportion of employers in Agriculture who said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time has increased (88%, up from 82% in 2015), returning to a level similar to the 2014 result Proportion who said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always/most of the time: Employers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 88% 89% 94% 91% 86% 82% 91% 89% 88% 98% 98% 88% 88% 85% 84% Base: Employers excluding doesn t apply in Agriculture (2014 n=367; 2015 n=402; 2016 n=352) Construction (2014 n=343; 2015 n=385; 2016 n=272) Forestry (2014 n=269; 2015 n=270; 2016 n=231) Manufacturing (2014 n=344; 2015 n=416; 2016 n=356) Other sector (2014 n=296; 2015 n=367; 2016 n=351) Q49(E) How often would you say each of the following happens in your business? Frequency scale (never, less than half the time, half the time, most of the time, always) Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time (94% cf. 89% overall). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way always or most of the time (94% cf. 89% overall). 4.2 WORKER PARTICIPATION In section 4.1, workers perceptions of their engagement in health and safety decision making in the workplace were examined. In this section, workers participation in formal health and safety practices is considered, followed by discussion of the health and safety information they received. 50

57 WORKER PARTICIPATION PRACTICES The majority of workers and employers in the four high-risk sectors had one or more practices that encourage worker participation in their workplace/business. The two most commonly mentioned practices for both workers and employers were: Health and safety being included as a regular team/group meeting item - mentioned by almost twothirds of workers (64%) and over half of employers (56%) Regular health and safety meetings - mentioned by 63% of workers and 51% of employers. In 2016, there was an increase in the proportion of workers who said their workplace had at least one health and safety practice in place, up to 90% in 2016 from 86% in 2015 and 83% in Note: In 2014 and 2015 health and safety representatives and champions were asked about in the same response option. In the 2016 survey having an elected health and safety representative and a health and safety champion were asked about separately. As such, these results are not directly comparable. The proportion of employers who said they had at least one health and safety practice in place in their business also increased in 2016 (86%), up from 77% in In the four high-risk sectors there have been the following positive changes since 2015, with increases in the proportion of workers who said they had: health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item (up from 59% in 2015 to 64% in 2016) a regular system for health and safety communications e.g. noticeboard, website (up from 44% to 49%) formal safety audits carried out regularly (up from 40% to 45%). Among employers there were also a range of positive changes since 2015, with increases in those who said they had: health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item (up from 46% in 2015 to 56% in 2016) regular health and safety meetings (up from 40% to 51%) a regular system for health and safety communications e.g. noticeboard, website (up from 28% to 33%). Note that differences in the extent to which workers and employers report having formal practices in their workplaces may be because there is a smaller proportion of large businesses in the employers survey (because most businesses in New Zealand are small businesses) than in the workers survey and formal practices are more common in larger businesses. 51

58 4.2.1 Proportion of workers and employers with worker participation practices in workplaces/businesses: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS Health and safety is a regular team/group meeting item Regular health and safety meetings We have a noticeboard or website about health and safety Formal safety audits are carried out regularly There is a health and safety committee in our workplace I have a health and safety mentor Informal discussions about health and safety None of these 64% 59% 51% 63% 58% 50% 49% 44% 44% 45% 40% 38% 35% 39% 35% 16% 15% 14% 2% 3% 1% 10% 14% 17% Health and safety is a regular item at team/group meetings Regular health and safety meetings A regular system for health and safety communications Formal safety audits are carried out regularly* A health and safety committee A formal mentor system Informal discussions about health and safety None of these 56% 46% 47% 51% 40% 36% 33% 28% 29% 42% 40% 35% 10% 9% 12% 21% 21% 23% 5% 6% - 14% 23% 24% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2014, n=1913; 2015, n=1718; 2016, n=1807) Q54(W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014, n=1351 ; 2015, n=1493; 2016, n=1231) Q51 (E) Which, if any, of these, happen at your workplace/does your business have? *Note: Employers responses for Formal safety audits are carried out regularly come from Q43. with statement: Formal safety audits at regular intervals are a normal part of our business Health and safety representatives or champions In 2014 and 2015, workers and employers were asked if they had an elected health and safety representative or champion in their workplace or business. In the 2016 survey, this response option was split into two and respondents were asked separately about whether their business or workplace had an elected health and safety representative or a health and safety champion. While it is not appropriate to show significant differences between 2015 and 2016, as these differences may be misleading, a NET of these two new response options has been calculated and shows a combined response for 2016 (removing any double counting from the two options). For the purpose of this report, the 2016 NET has been presented next to the 2014 and 2015 results to allow for general comparisons between years. 52

59 4.2.2 Health and safety representatives and champions: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS An elected health and safety representative % % A health and safety champion % % NET: Health and safety representative or champion 43%* 46%* 56% 26%* 28%* 39% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2014 n=1913; 2015 n=1718; 2016 n=1807) Q54(W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=1351; 2015 n=1493; 2016 n=1231) Q51(E) Which, if any, of the following things happen at your workplace? *Original response option that asked about both health and safety representatives and champions rather than the NET in 2016 Having an elected health and safety representative was mentioned by over half of workers (53%) and almost a third of employers (32%), while having a health and safety champion was mentioned by almost two in ten workers (19%) and just over one in ten employers (12%). The combined response for these two statements shows over half of workers (56%) and almost four in ten employers (39%) had a health and safety representative or champion. WORKERS By sector The Forestry sector appears to have various health and safety practices in place more often than the other highrisk sectors, with only 2% of workers saying that none of these practices were in place. Conversely, one in five (21%) workers in the Agriculture sector said that none of these practices were in place in

60 Sector differences for the four high risk sectors overall were: Health and safety is included as a regular team/group meeting item (Forestry 83%, Construction 71%, cf. 64% overall) Regular health and safety meetings (Forestry 88%, Manufacturing 71%, Construction 69%, cf. 63%) Elected health and safety representative (Forestry 71%, Manufacturing 67%, Construction 59%, cf. 53%) Our workplace has a noticeboard or website about health and safety (Manufacturing 62%, Forestry 56%, cf. 49%) Formal safety audits carried out regularly (Forestry 86%, Manufacturing 58%, cf. 45%) Health and safety committee (Manufacturing 61% cf. 35%) Have a health and safety champion (Forestry 37%, Manufacturing 24%, cf. 19%) Health and safety mentor/formal mentor system (Forestry 25%, Manufacturing 20%, cf. 16%). As Table shows, between 2015 and 2016, there has been a significant decrease in the proportion of workers saying they had none of these health and safety practices in place in their workplace in the Manufacturing sector (6%, down from 12% in 2015). Since 2015, there have been increases in the proportion of workers mentioning: formal safety audits in the Forestry sector (86%, up from 79% in 2015) health and safety being included as a regular team / group meeting item in the Agriculture sector (49%, up from 42%) regular health and safety meetings in the Other sector (47%, up from 42%). 54

61 4.2.3 Worker participation practices: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=490) CONSTRUCTION (n=420) FORESTRY (n=298) MANUFACTURING (n=599) OTHER SECTOR (n=927) Health and safety is included as a regular team/group meeting item Regular health and safety meetings There is a health and safety committee in our workplace ¹ We have an elected health and safety representative ¹ We have a health and safety champion Our workplace has a noticeboard or website about health and safety Formal safety audits are carried out regularly I have been given a health and safety mentor Informal discussions about heath and safety Other ways to discuss or give feedback on health and safety in your workplace 49% 71% 83% 63% 52% 41% 69% 88% 71% 47% 9% 37% 38% 61% 51% 27% 59% 71% 67% 58% 9% 21% 37% 24% 29% 28% 52% 56% 62% 53% 21% 49% 86% 58% 48% 11% 16% 25% 20% 14% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 2% None of these 21% 7% 2% 6% 11% Base: Workers excluding self-employed Q54 (W) Which, if any, of the following things happen at your workplace? ¹ Note: In 2016 separate response options were provided for elected health and safety representatives and champions. Previously, both of these options were combined. As such, no changes over time are presented. Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that they had one or more of the various health and safety practices noted above, except: Informal discussions about health and safety including hazards There is a health and safety policy (incl Codes of Practice) Other ways to discuss or give feedback on health and safety in your workplace. 55

62 Workers who had never undertaken formal health and safety training were more likely to say that they didn t have any of these practices in their workplace (24% cf. 10% overall). Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in response to this statement in relation to whether workers are involved in decisions affecting health and safety. EMPLOYERS By sector Similar to the workers results, the Forestry sector appears to have various health and safety practices in place more often than the other high-risk sectors, with only 5% of employers saying that none of these practices were in place. Conversely, one in five (21%) employers in the Agriculture sector said that none of these practices were in place in Positively, the proportion of employers in the Agriculture (21%) and Manufacturing (13%) sectors saying that none of these practices were in place has decreased from 2015 (down from 31% and 21%, respectively). Employers across the four high-risk sectors who were more likely to say that each of the worker participation practices occurred in their business were as follows: Health and safety is included as a regular team/group meeting item (Forestry 85%, Construction 63%, cf. 56% overall) Regular health and safety meetings (Forestry 93%, Construction 62%, Manufacturing 56%, cf. 51%) A regular system for health and safety communications (Forestry 58%, Manufacturing 42%, cf. 33%) Elected health and safety representative (Forestry 54%, Manufacturing 41%, cf. 32%) Health and safety mentor/formal mentor system (Forestry 33%, Manufacturing 25%, cf. 21%) Have a health and safety champion (Forestry 31%, Manufacturing 17%, cf. 12%) Health and safety committee (Manufacturing 22%, Forestry 15%, cf. 10%) Formal safety audits carried out regularly (Forestry 81%, Manufacturing 51%, cf. 42%). Agriculture employers were less likely to say that each of these worker participation practices occurred in their workplace: Health and safety is included as a regular team/group meeting item (Agriculture 46% cf. 56% overall) Regular health and safety meetings (Agriculture 32% cf. 51%) A regular system for health and safety communications (Agriculture 26% cf. 33%) Elected health and safety representative (Agriculture 26% cf. 32%) Health and safety committee (Agriculture 4% cf. 10%) Formal health and safety aduits are carried out regularly (Agriculture 30% cf. 42%). 56

63 As Table shows, between 2015 and 2016, there have been significant decreases in the proportion of employers saying they had none of these health and safety practices in place in their business: Agriculture (21%, down from 31%) Manufacturing (13%, down from 21%) Other sector (21%, down from 30%). Between 2015 and 2016 there were decreases in the proportion of Forestry sector employers mentioning: health and safety being a regular item at team / group meetings (85%, down from 94%) A formal mentoring system (33%, down from 46%). However, as noted earlier, both of these practices were more common in the Forestry sector than in the four high-risk sectors overall. Between 2015 and 2016 there were increases in the proportion of employers mentioning: health and safety being a regular item at team / group meetings in the Agriculture sector (46%, up from 35%) regular health and safety meetings in the Construction sector (62%, up from 52%), Manufacturing sector (56%, up from 43%) and the Other sector (38%, up from 25%) a regular system for health and safety communications in the Agriculture sector (26%, up from 20%) and the Other sector (36%, up from 24%). 57

64 4.2.4 Worker participation practices: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=358) CONSTRUCTION (n=273) FORESTRY (n=232) MANUFACTURING (n=368) OTHER SECTOR (n=367) Health and safety is a regular item at team/group meetings Regular health and safety meetings A health and safety committee ¹ We have an elected health and safety representative ¹ We have a health and safety champion A regular system for health and safety communications (e.g. noticeboard, website) Formal safety audits are carried out regularly* 46% 63% 85% 57% 46% 32% 62% 93% 56% 38% 4% 9% 15% 22% 16% 26% 33% 54% 41% 32% 10% 10% 31% 17% 19% 26% 34% 58% 42% 36% 30% 47% 81% 51% 50% A formal mentor system 18% 20% 33% 25% 22% Other ways to discuss health and safety with your workers or get feedback from them 3% 3% 2% 1% 3% None of these 21% 10% 5% 13% 21% Base: Employers Q51(E) Which, if any, of the following does your business have? *Note: responses for Formal safety audits are carried out regularly come from Q43. Formal safety audits at regular intervals are a normal part of our business ¹ Note: In 2016 separate response options were provided for elected health and safety representatives and champions. Previously, both of these options were combined. As such, no changes over time are presented. 58

65 Health and safety training Employers in the four high-risk sectors in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that each of the following worker participation practices occurred in their workplace, while those whose workers had not had any training were less likely to say these practices were in place: Health and safety is a regular item at team/group meetings (67% cf. 56% overall), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (36%) Regular health and safety meetings (63% cf. 51%), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (30%) A regular system for health and safety communications (e.g. noticeboard, website) (42% cf. 33% overall), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (19%) An elected health and safety representative (41% cf. 32%), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (22%) A formal mentor system - people with experience that other workers trust to give good Health and Safety advice (28% cf. 21%), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (11%) A health and safety committee (13% cf. 10%), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (4%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say that each of the following worker participation practices occurred in their workplace: Health and safety is a regular item at team/group meetings (63% cf. 56% overall) Regular health and safety meetings (55% cf. 51%) An elected health and safety representative (38% cf. 32%) A formal mentor system - people with experience that other workers trust to give good health and safety advice (24% cf. 21%). HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION Involvement in worker participation practices is only one way that workers take part in improving health and safety at work. Keeping workers informed is also essential and in this section we consider workers and employers views on the information provided about health and safety. These were new questions in Just under three-quarters (73%) workers in the four high-risk sectors agreed that their boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers. In comparison, almost eight in ten (78%) employers agreed that sharing information occurs. These results have remained relatively constant since 2015, when the questions were added to the questionnaire. Two-thirds of workers (67%) agreed that their boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand, while just over eight in ten employers (83%) agreed that the information provided is easy to understand. These results have remained constant since

66 There is a significant difference in the level of understanding between workers and employers, suggesting a need for employers to make sure that more workers are receiving information about health and safety. While there were no significant changes in the level of agreement with these statements for workers or employers over time, the gaps between the perceptions of workers and employers have changed slightly (but not significantly): The gap between workers and employers agreeing that their boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers appears to have reduced, from a 9 percentage point difference in 2015 to a 5 percentage point difference in 2016 The gap between workers and employers agreeing that their boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand appears to have reduced, from a 19 percentage point difference in 2015 to a 16 percentage point difference in Proportion agreeing that health and safety information is always shared and easy to understand: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS My boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers 70% agree 73% agree Our business always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with our workers 79% agree 78% agree My boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand 63% agree 67% agree I am confident we always give our workers health and safety information that is easy to understand 82% agree 83% agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q49 (W) R12 & R13 Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q47 (E) R6 & R7 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? WORKERS By sector Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to agree that their boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers (85% cf. 73% overall), while Manufacturing workers were less likely to agree (69% cf. 73%). Forestry workers were also more likely to agree that their boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand (79% cf. 67%). 60

67 There has been an increase in the proportion of workers from the Other sector who agreed that their boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers (up from 65% in 2015 to 70% in 2016) Proportion agreeing that health and safety information is always shared and easy to understand: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=259) CONSTRUCTION (n=336) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n=556) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) My boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers My boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand 70% 76% 85% 69% 70% 69% 67% 79% 66% 63% Base: Workers excluding self-employed Q49(W) R12, 13 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that their: boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers (81% cf. 73% overall), while those who had never undertaken training were less likely to agree with this statement (53% cf. 73%) boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand (72% cf. 67% overall), while those who had never undertaken training were less likely to agree with this statement (51% cf. 67%). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to strongly agree that their boss always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with workers (63% cf. 45% overall) and that their boss always gives workers health and safety information that is easy to understand (54% cf. 38%). EMPLOYERS By sector As Table shows, over seven in ten employers in each of the sectors surveyed agreed that they always share relevant health and safety information and updates with workers. Of the four high-risk sector employers, those more likely to agree were in the Forestry sector (94% cf. 78% overall). The proportion of employers in the Construction sector who agreed with this decreased since 2015 (79%, down from 87% in 2015). 61

68 Similarly, high proportions of employers agreed that they always give workers health and safety information that is easy to understand, with employers in the Forestry sector more likely to agree with this (89% cf. 83% overall). These results have remained constant since Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that their business always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with our workers (86% cf. 78% overall), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to say this (69%). Similarly, employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that they are confident they always give their workers health and safety information that is easy to understand (88% cf. 83% overall), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training were less likely to agree with this (79%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their business always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with our workers (88% cf. 78% overall) and that they are confident they always give their workers health and safety information that is easy to understand (92% cf. 83% overall) Proportion agreeing that health and safety information is always shared and easy to understand: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n=274) FORESTRY (n=232) MANUFACTURING (n=368) OTHER SECTOR (n=366) Our business always shares relevant health and safety information and updates with our workers I am confident we always give our workers health and safety information that is easy to understand 75% 79% 94% 79% 80% 85% 82% 89% 82% 84% Base: Employers Q47(E) R6, 7 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? 62

69 4.3 WORKING TOGETHER TO CREATE A SAFER WORKPLACE This section looks at the extent to which workers and employers think that they work together on health and safety matters. Workers only were asked if they think that everyone in the workplace is trying to improve safety. Then both workers and employers were asked if: workers are encouraged to come up with new ideas or ways to make work safer the boss/management and workers work together/in partnership to make sure everyone is safe at work. IMPROVING SAFETY WORKERS Two-thirds (66%) of workers in the four high-risk sectors said they agreed that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety. This result has increased from 2015, up from 60% Proportion agreeing that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS Everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety 59% agree 60% agree 66% agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors, excluding self-employed (2014 n=1559; 2015 n=1413; 2016 n=1417) Q49 (W) R4 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? By sector Forestry workers were more likely to agree with this statement than workers in the other high-risk sectors (80% cf. 66% overall). While there have been no significant increases among the four high-risk sectors between 2014 and 2015 or between 2015 and 2016, over the whole period (2014 to 2016) there were two increases. The proportion of Construction workers agreeing that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety has increased between 2014 (55%) and 2016 (65%). Likewise, the proportion of Manufacturing workers agreeing with this statement has increased from 59% in 2014 to 66% in

70 4.3.2 Proportion agreeing that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety: Workers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 71% 65% 80% 66% 58% 63% 64% 57% 55% 74% 73% 60% 59% 55% 46% Base: Workers excluding self-employed Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=253; 2015 n=202; 2016 n=259) Construction ( ; 2015 n=309; 2016 n=336) Forestry (2014 n=301; 2015 n=316; 2016 n=266) Manufacturing (2014 n=626; 2015 n=586; 2016 n=556) Other sector (2014 n=744; 2015 n=686; 2016 n=855) 49(W) R4 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety (71% cf. 66% overall), while those who had never had training were less likely to agree (48%). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety (78% cf. 66% overall). BEING ENCOURAGED TO MAKE THE WORKPLACE SAFER A high proportion (85%) of employers agreed that their business encourages workers to devise new or better ways to make the workplace safer, while a lower proportion of workers (68%) agreed this happens. Similarly, while nine in ten (92%) employers agreed that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work, fewer workers (76%) agreed that this happens. 64

71 4.3.3 Proportion agreeing that workers are encouraged to create a safer workplace: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKERS ENCOURAGED TO HAVE NEW IDEAS My boss encourages us to come up with ideas for how to make our work safer 66% agree 66% agree 68% agree Our business encourages the workers to come up with new or better ways to do things that will make our work safer 86% agree 86% agree 85% agree BOSS AND WORKERS WORK TOGETHER My boss and the workers work together to make sure everyone is safe at work 73% agree 72% agree 76% agree Management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work 91% agree 90% agree 92% agree WORKERS Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2014 n= ; 2015 (2014 n= ; 2015 n=1501; 2016 n=1236) n= ; 2016 n= ) Q49(W) Q47(E) To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? By sector Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to agree that they are encouraged to come up with new ideas to make their work safer (83% cf. 68% overall). Forestry workers were also more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to agree that the boss and workers work together to make sure everyone is safe (89% cf. 76%), while Manufacturing workers were less likely to agree (74% cf. 76%) Proportion agreeing that workers are encouraged to create a safer workplace: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n=267) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) My boss encourages us to come up with ideas for how to make our work safer My boss and the workers work together to make sure everyone is safe at work 68% 67% 83% 70% 63% 77% 77% 89% 74% 70% Base: Workers excluding self-employed Q49(W) R3,R1 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? 65

72 Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that their boss encourages us to come up with ideas for how to make our work safer (73% cf. 68% overall), while those who had never had training were less likely to agree (53%). Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that their boss and the workers work together to make sure everyone is safe (80% cf. 76% overall), while those who had never had training were less likely to agree (61%). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their boss encourages us to come up with ideas for how to make our work safer (79% cf. 68% overall) and that their boss and the workers work together to make sure everyone is safe at work (89% cf. 76% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector As Table shows, high proportions (over eight in ten) of employers in each sector surveyed agreed that their business encourages workers to come up with new or better ways to improve safety and that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work. These results are similar to those of Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than employers in the other high-risk sectors to agree that: our business encourages the workers to come up with new or better ways to do things that will make our work safer (94% cf. 85% overall). The proportion of Agriculture employers who agreed that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work increased (93%, up from 88% in 2015) Proportion agreeing that workers are encouraged to create a safer workplace: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=362) CONSTRUCTION (n=274) FORESTRY (n=232) MANUFACTURING (n=368) OTHER SECTOR (n=366) Our business encourages the workers to come up with new or better ways to do things that will make our work safer Management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work 84% 84% 94% 88% 84% 93% 91% 94% 90% 90% Base: Employers Q47(E) R4, R2 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? 66

73 Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that their business encourages the workers to come up with new or better ways to do things that will make our work safer (89% cf. 85% overall). Similarly, they were also more likely to agree that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work (95% cf. 92% overall). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their business encourages the workers to come up with new or better ways to do things that will make our work safer (93% cf. 85% overall) and that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work (97% cf. 92% overall). 4.4 SPEAKING UP ABOUT HEALTH AND SAFETY This section considers how workers feel about speaking up if risks or hazards in the workplace are noticed and whether employers think workers are encouraged to do this. Also considered is whether workers tell their coworkers if they are not working safely this was a new question in The majority of workers in the four high-risk sectors said they feel able to speak to their bosses and co-workers about risks to their health and safety. The results are positive but there were differences between workers and employers for each of these measures: Almost eight in ten (79%) workers agreed that their boss encourages them to speak up if something is unsafe and this result is increasing over time (up from 72% in 2014). In comparison, almost all (94%) employers said that they encourage workers to speak up. Nine in ten (91%) employers agreed that a worker who suggested work should be stopped because of a risk to health and safety would be supported, but fewer workers (72%) said they would be supported to do this. However, the proportion of workers who agreed that they would be supported has increased over time (from 66% in 2014 to 72% in 2016). Eight in ten (82%) workers said they always tell their co-workers if they are not working safely, while almost seven in ten (66%) employers said this occurs. These results have remained stable over time. 67

74 4.4.1 Proportion agreeing that workers are encouraged to speak up about health and safety: The four highrisk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKERS ENCOURAGED TO SPEAK UP My boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe 72% agree 75% agree 79% agree Our business encourages our workers to speak up if they feel something is unsafe 93 % agree 94 % agree 94 % agree WORKERS SUPPORTED IF STOP WORK FOR HAZARD My boss would totally support me if I suggested we stop work because of a possible hazard 66% agree 69% agree 72% agree Our business would totally support a worker who suggested work should be stopped because of a possible risk 89 % agree 91 % agree 91 % agree CO-WORKERS TOLD IF NOT WORKING SAFELY I always tell my co-workers if they aren t working safely* - 79% agree 82% agree I am confident our workers always tell a co-worker if they aren t working safely (e.g. not wearing PPE) - 68 % agree 66 % agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q49(W) R2, R6 *Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2015 n=1911; 2016 n= 2020) Q48 (W) R13 Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q47(E) R3, R5, R9: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? WORKERS By sector In each of the sectors, over three-quarters of workers said that they are encouraged to speak up if they feel something is unsafe. In three of the four high-risk sectors, over eight in ten workers said that they tell colleagues if they are not working safely. At least six in ten workers in the five sectors agreed that their boss would support them if they suggested stopping work because of a hazard. Forestry workers were more likely to agree that: my boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe (89% cf. 79% overall) my boss would totally support me if I suggested we stop work because of a possible hazard (78% cf. 72%). Agriculture workers were more likely to agree that they always tell my co-workers if they aren t working safely (85% cf. 82% overall). 68

75 Manufacturing workers were less likely to agree with all three statements: My boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe (76% cf. 79% overall) My boss would totally support me if I suggested we stop work because of a possible hazard (64% cf. 72%) I always tell my co-workers if they aren t working safely (76% cf. 82%) Proportion agreeing that workers are encouraged to speak up about health and safety: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) My boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe My boss would totally support me if I suggested we stop work because of a possible hazard I always tell my co-workers if they aren t working safely* 77% 80% 89% 76% 76% 73% 76% 78% 64% 67% 85% 82% 83% 76% 62% Base: Workers excluding self-employed Q49(W) R2, R6 *Base: Workers Q48(W) R13 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that: their boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe (85% cf. 79% overall), while those who had never had training were less likely to agree (63%) their boss would totally support me if I suggested we stop work because of a possible hazard (77% cf. 72%), while those who had never had training were less likely to agree (63%). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their boss encourages us to speak up if we feel something is unsafe (88% cf. 79% overall), that their boss would totally support them if they suggested everyone should stop work because of a possible hazard (84% cf. 72%) and that they always tell their co-workers if they aren t working safely (90% cf. 82%). EMPLOYERS By sector Across the four high-risk sectors, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to agree that they encourage workers to speak up if they feel something is unsafe (98% cf. 94% overall). 69

76 Employers in Forestry were more likely to agree that they are confident workers always tell a co-worker if they are not working safely (78% cf. 66% overall), while employers in the Agriculture sector were less likely to agree with this (62%). As was the case for workers, most of the results have remained the same as in Proportion agreeing that workers are encouraged to speak up about health and safety: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n=274) FORESTRY (n=232) MANUFACTURING (n=368) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Our business encourages our workers to speak up if they feel something is unsafe Our business would totally support a worker who suggested work should be stopped because of a possible risk I am confident our workers always tell a coworker if they aren t working safely (e.g. not wearing PPE) 95% 92% 98% 96% 92% 89% 92% 94% 91% 85% 62% 71% 78% 64% 72% Base: Employers Q47(E) R3, R5, R9 To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that their business would totally support a worker who suggested work should be stopped because of a possible risk (94% cf. 91% overall) and that they are confident our workers always tell a co-worker if they aren t working safely (73% cf. 66%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that their business encourages our workers to speak up if they feel something is unsafe (97% cf. 94% overall), that their business would totally support a worker who suggested work should be stopped because of a possible risk (96% cf. 91%) and that they are confident our workers always tell a co-worker if they aren t working safely (77% cf. 66%). 70

77 Workers views about approaching the boss In 2014, Construction workers were asked if they felt confident about approaching their boss or site supervisor with a health and safety issue. In the 2015 and 2016 surveys, Manufacturing and Forestry workers were also asked this question. As might be expected from other results about speaking up, there was a high level of agreement, with nine in ten (91%) workers saying they would feel confident about approaching the boss or site supervisor on the site they were working on at the time of the survey about a health and safety issue. This result has increased from 2015, up from 85% Proportion agreeing that they feel confident about raising a health and safety issue with their boss/supervisor: Workers from Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing sectors only WORKERS I would feel confident about approaching the boss/site supervisor on the site I am working on now about a health and safety issue 85% agree 91% agree Base: Workers from Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing Excluding doesn t apply (2014 n=585; 2015 n=1469; 2016 n=1429) Q48 (W) R12 How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? By sector As Table shows, well over eight in ten workers in each of the sectors surveyed said they felt confident about approaching their boss or site supervisor. Forestry workers were more likely to agree that they were confident about approaching their boss or site supervisor with a health and safety issue (94% cf. 91% overall). There was an increase in the proportion of Construction workers who agreed with this statement, up from 85% in 2015 to 93% in

78 4.4.5 Proportion agreeing that they feel confident about raising a health and safety issue with their boss/supervisor: Workers from Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing sectors only, 2016 CONSTRUCTION (n=528) FORESTRY (n=309) MANUFACTURING (n=592) I would feel confident about approaching the boss/site supervisor on the site I am working on now about a health and safety issue 93% 94% 85% Base: Workers from Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing excluding doesn t apply Q48(W) R12 How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Health and safety training Workers who had never undertaken formal health and safety training were less likely to agree that they would feel confident about approaching the boss/site supervisor about a health and safety issue (83% cf. 91% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that they would feel confident about approaching the boss/site supervisor on the site they are working on now about a health and safety issue (96% cf. 91% overall). 4.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING Training is an important means of embedding and supporting health and safety practices. Workers were asked when they last had some formal training on health and safety (e.g. did a course, online training, induction training). Employers were asked what proportion of their business s workers had undertaken formal training relating to health and safety in the last 12 months. (Note: survey participants were asked not to include first aid courses as part of health and safety training.) WORKERS Across the four high-risk sectors, almost six in ten (58%) workers said they had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months, while around two in ten (22%) had undertaken training, but not in the last 12 months. Another two in ten (20%) had never had any formal training. Results show a positive trend, with the proportion of workers undertaking health and safety training in the last 12 months increasing between 2014 (45%) and 2015 (51%), and between 2015 and 2016 (58% in 2016). This increase in the proportion of workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months does not appear to be driven by a decrease in the proportion of those who had never had training, but rather, appears to be driven by a decrease in the proportion of workers who had done their training more than 12 months ago (down from 33% in 2014 to 28% in 2015, then again to 22% in 2016). 72

79 4.5.1 Last time formal training was undertaken on health and safety: Workers from the four high-risk sectors 27% 32% 35% 23% 19% 16% 13% 23% 10% 15% 11% 10% 23% 22% 20% In the last 6 months 6-12 months ago 13 months - 3 years ago More than 3 years ago I've never had formal training 2014 (n=2291) 2015 (n=2084) 2016 (n=2168) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q55 (W) When was the last time you had some formal training on health and safety (e.g. did a course, online training, induction training )? * Due to rounding results on the chart may not exactly match the stated % result. By sector Although Agriculture workers were less likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to have undertaken formal training in the last 12 months, the proportion undertaking training has been increasing steadily over time, up from 22% in 2014 to 28% in 2015, then again to 35% in Workers in the Construction and Forestry sectors were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to have undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months (70% and 66%, respectively, cf. 58% overall). 73

80 4.5.2 Proportion of workers who had undertaken formal training on health and safety in the last 12 months WORKERS AGRICULTURE 22% 28% 35% CONSTRUCTION 59% 64% 70% FORESTRY 53% 66% 66% MANUFACTURING 48% 54% 57% OTHER 39% 42% 46% Base: Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=596; 2015 n=531; 2016 n=684) Construction (2014 n=615; 2015 n=526; 2016 n=560) Forestry (2014 n=376; 3015 n=388; 2016 n=316) Manufacturing (2014 n=704; ; 2016 n=608) Other sector (2014 n=913; 2015 n=820; 2016 n=1063)q55 (W) When was the last time you had some formal training on health and safety (e.g. did a course, online training, induction training ) Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in responses by workers who are involved in decisions in relation to whether they had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months. EMPLOYERS Employers were asked to say what proportion of their workers had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months. As Chart shows, almost half (49%) of employers from the four high-risk sectors said that at least half of their workers had undertaken training in the last 12 months, while a quarter (26%) said all their workers had undertaken formal training. Over a third (35%) of employers said that none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. The proportion of employers who said that all of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months increased between 2015 and 2016 (from 22% up to 26%). 74

81 4.5.3 Proportion of employers saying at least half of their workers had undertaken formal training in the last 12 months: Employers from the four high-risk sectors 39% 39% 35% 14% 13% 13% 5% 6% 8% 15% 16% 14% 21% 22% 26% 6% 4% 3% None Some, but less than half Half Most of them All Don't know 2014 (n=1351) 2015 (n=1498) 2016 (n=1233) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q52 (E) In the last 12 months, what proportion of your business s workers have had formal training relating to health and safety (e.g. training course, online training, induction training)? By sector Table shows the proportion of employers in each sector where at least half of their workers had undertaken some formal training in the last 12 months. Formal training was more likely to occur in the Construction sector (60% cf. 49% overall) and less likely in the Agriculture sector (37%). Since 2015, the proportion of employers in the Other sector, where at least half of their staff had undertaken formal training in the last 12 months, increased (43% cf. 26% overall). 75

82 4.5.4 Proportion of employers saying at least half of their workers had undertaken formal training in the last 12 months EMPLOYERS AGRICULTURE 31% 31% 37% CONSTRUCTION 58% 58% 60% FORESTRY 56% 56% 49% MANUFACTURING 36% 42% 43% OTHER 26% 26% 43% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=380; 2015 n=408; 2016 n=360) Construction (2014 n=346; 2015 n=391; 2016 n=273) Forestry (2014 n=268; 3015 n=271; 2016 n=232) Manufacturing (2014 n=357; 2015 n=428; 2016 n=368) Other sector (2014 n=322; 2015 n=403; 2016 n=367) Q52 (E): In the last 12 months, what proportion of your business s workers have had formal training relating to health and safety (e.g. training course, online training, induction training)? Opportunities for engagement Employers in the four high-risk sectors whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months (55% cf. 49% overall). 76

83 SECTION 5: VIEWS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF RISK 77

84 5 VIEWS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF RISK This section of the report covers several aspects of risk including: Workers and employers views about the perceived level of risk in their industry compared with other industries The perceived risk of serious harm occurring in their own workplace/business Workers feelings of safety in the workplace Whether workers have the resources and information (tools, equipment, advice) to deal with risk Workers level of confidence that they have the knowledge and skills to keep healthy at work, safe at work and know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident Risky behaviours occurring in the workplace Communication about hazards, near misses and accidents Positive actions taken to minimise risk. Appendix IV contains additional results from questions used in 2014 and 2015 for a segmentation analysis. 5.1 PERCEIVED RISK OF BEING HURT COMPARED WITH OTHER INDUSTRIES Workers and employers were asked to compare the risk of people getting seriously hurt in their industry with the risk in other industries using a 5-point scale ranging from much lower risk (1 on the scale) through to much higher risk (5 on the scale). Chart shows the proportion of those who thought the risk in their industry was higher (4 or 5 on the scale) than in other industries Proportion thinking the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS 54% 46% 53% 48% 43% 48% 2014 (n=2274) 2015 (n=2078) 2016 (n=2165) 2014 (n=1346) 2015 (n=1500) 2016 (n=1231) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q33 (W) Q27 (E) How does the risk of someone getting seriously hurt in your industry compare with other industries or types of work? (5-point scale where 1= much lower and 5= much higher) 78

85 Across the four high-risk sectors, as shown in chart 5.1.1, over half of workers (53%) and almost half of employers (48%) thought that the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries. The proportion of workers who thought that the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries, increased since 2015 (53% up from 46%) returning to similar levels seen in WORKERS By sector Workers in the Forestry and Construction sectors were more likely than those in the other high-risk sectors to say that there was a higher level of risk in their particular industry (75% and 61%, respectively, cf. 53% overall), while those in the Manufacturing and Agriculture sectors were less likely to think that their industry had a higher level of risk (34% and 47%, respectively, cf. 53% overall). A small proportion of workers (15%) in the Other sector thought that the risk of getting seriously hurt at work was high. The proportion of workers in the Agriculture sector who considered the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries increased since 2015 (47%, up from 37%), returning to similar levels seen in Proportion thinking the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries: Workers AGRICULTURE 47% 37% 50% CONSTRUCTION 61% 56% 62% FORESTRY 75% 77% 85% MANUFACTURING 34% 32% 39% OTHER 15% 13% 15% Base: Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=595; 2015 n=533; 2016 n=684) Construction (2014 n=612; 2015 n=516; 2016 n=558) Forestry (2014 n=369; 2015 n= n=316) Manufacturing (2014 n=698 ; 2015 n=645; 2016 n=607) Other sector (2014 n=913; 2015 n=822; 2016 n=1062) Q33 (W) How does the risk of someone getting seriously hurt in your industry compare with other industries? (5-point scale where 1= much lower and 5= much higher) Health and safety training Workers in the four high-risk sectors who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries (58% cf. 53% overall). Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in response by whether workers are involved in decisions affecting health and safety. 79

86 EMPLOYERS By sector In 2016, as Chart shows, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to consider the risk of being seriously hurt in their industry as higher or much higher than other industries, compared with the other four high-risk sectors overall (77% cf. 48%). Employers in the Manufacturing sector were less likely to say this (33% cf. 48%). These results remained relatively stable since Proportion thinking the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries: Employers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY % 54% 77% % 56% 50% 52% 74% 81% MANUFACTURING 33% 29% 31% OTHER 13% 9% 11% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=376; 2015 n=412; 2016 n=360) Construction (2014 n=344; 2015 n=392; 2016 n=272) Forestry (2014 n=268; 2015 n=270; 2016 n=232) Manufacturing (2014 n=358; 2015 n=426; 2016 n=367) Other sector (2014 n=321; 2015 n=403; 2016 n=367) Q27 (E) How does the risk of someone getting seriously hurt in your industry compare with other industries? (5-point scale where 1= much lower and 5= much higher) Health and safety training Employers in businesses in the four high-risk sectors, where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months, were more likely to say that the risk of getting seriously hurt in their industry was higher than in other industries (51% cf. 48% overall). Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in response by whether workers are involved in decisions affecting health and safety. 5.2 PERCIEVED RISK OF WORKER BEING SERIOUSLY HURT IN THEIR OWN WORKPLACE OR BUSINESS In the previous section, workers and employers were asked about the general risk of being hurt in their particular industry, but also of importance is whether workers think they are personally at risk in their own workplace. Therefore, workers were asked how they rated the risk of themselves or someone they work with being seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months. Employers were asked the same question in relation to 80

87 workers in their business being seriously hurt. They responded using a 5-point scale ranging from very low risk (1 on the scale) to very high risk (5 on the scale). The results of this question show that the majority of workers and employers did not think that there was even a moderate risk of workers in their workplace or business being seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months. As Chart shows, in the four high-risk sectors, 14% of workers and just 5% of employers said that there was a risk (at least a moderate risk - 3, 4 or 5 on the scale) of a worker being seriously hurt in their workplace or business in the next 12 months. These results have remained relatively stable across time since Proportion thinking there is at least a moderate risk of workers being seriously hurt in their own workplace/business: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS 17% 15% 14% 6% 5% 5% 2014 (n=2292) 2015 (n=2094) 2016 (n=2179) 2014 (n=1351) 2015 (n=1500) 2016 (n=1228) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q46 (W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q40 (E) How would you rate the risk that you or someone you work with/one of your workers in your business will be seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months? (5-point scale where 1= very low risk and 5= very high risk) As can be seen in Charts and 5.2.3, in all five sectors surveyed, workers were more likely than employers to think that there was at least a moderate risk that they or one of their fellow workers would be seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months. This was also the case in 2014 and WORKERS By sector Workers in the Manufacturing and Forestry sectors were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to think that they or a workmate were at risk of being seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months (23% and 22%, respectively, cf. 14% overall). Workers in the Agriculture sector were less likely to think there was a risk (9% cf. 14%). 81

88 5.2.2 Proportion thinking there is at least a moderate risk of being seriously hurt in their own workplace: Workers AGRICULTURE 9% 9% 11% CONSTRUCTION 13% 14% 18% FORESTRY 22% 21% 27% MANUFACTURING 23% 23% 26% OTHER 10% 10% 12% Base: Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=594; 2015 n=535; 2016 n=688) Construction (2014 n=615 ; 2015 n=525; 2016 n=561) Forestry (2014 n=377; 2015 n=389; 2016 n=318) Manufacturing (2014 n=706; 2015 n=645; 2016 n=612) Other sector (2014 n=916; 2015 n= 821; 2016 n=1063) Q46 (W) How would you rate the risk that you or someone you work with/one of your workers in your business will be seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months? (5-point scale where 1= very high risk and 5= very low risk) Health and safety training There were no differences in response to this statement in relation to the proportion of workers in the business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were less likely to say that there is a at least a moderate risk of someone being seriously injured in their workplace in the next 12 months (10% cf. 14% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector Forestry employers were more likely than employers in the other high-risk sectors to think that one of their workers was at risk of being seriously hurt in their business in the next 12 months (10% cf. 5% overall). 82

89 5.2.3 Proportion thinking there is at least a moderate risk of workers being seriously hurt in their own business: Employers AGRICULTURE % % 6% CONSTRUCTION 6% 6% 8% FORESTRY 10% 9% 8% MANUFACTURING 5% 5% 4% OTHER 3% 2% 3% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=380; 2015 n=412; 2016 n=358) Construction (2014 n=346; 2015 n= 391; 2016 n=272) Forestry (2014 n= 267; 2015 n=270; 2016 n=232) Manufacturing (2014 n=358; 2015 n=427; 2016 n=366) Other sector (2014 n=322; 2015 n=403; 2016 n=367) Q40 (E) How would you rate the risk that one of your workers in your business will be seriously hurt at work in the next 12 months? (5-point scale where 1= very high risk and 5= very low risk) Health and safety training There were no differences in employers responses to this statement in relation to the proportion of workers in their business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in terms of worker involvement in decisions in relation to the proportion of workers in their business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. 5.3 FEELINGS OF SAFETY AT WORK Workers were asked how safe they felt at work and answered by selecting a response from a 4-point scale of very safe, safe, unsafe and very unsafe. Although over half (53%) of workers in the four high-risk sectors acknowledged that there was a high level of risk in their industry (see Section 5.1), Chart shows that a clear majority of workers (94%) felt safe (safe or very safe) at work, including just over half (51%) who felt very safe. Just 5% felt unsafe at work. These results have remained stable across time since

90 5.3.1 Feelings of safety at work: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Very safe 48% 50% 51% Safe NET Safe % very safe or safe 94% 95% 94% Unsafe Very unsafe NET Unsafe % unsafe or very unsafe 5% 5% 5% Don't know 46% 45% 43% 3% 2% 2% 1% 3% 2% 3% 1% 1% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=2296; 2015 n=2094; 2016 n=2181) Q45 (W) Overall, how safe do you feel at work? By sector In the four high-risk sectors, Agriculture workers were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to feel very safe at work (55% cf. 51% overall), while workers in the Manufacturing sector were less likely than others to feel very safe (39%). As in the previous surveys, the Manufacturing sector had the highest proportion (8%) of workers who said they felt unsafe at work. While the Other sector had the highest proportion of workers who said they feel very safe at work (62%) Feelings of safety at work: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=690) CONSTRUCTION (n=561) FORESTRY (n=318) MANUFACTURING (n=612) OTHER SECTOR (n=1063) % Very safe 55% 53% 54% 39% 62% % Safe 41% 42% 42% 51% 31% % Unsafe & very unsafe 5% 5% 3% 8% 7% Base: Workers Q45 (W) Overall, how safe do you feel at work? 84

91 Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say they felt very safe at work (55% cf. 51% overall), while those who had never had health and safety training were more likely to say that they felt unsafe at work (9% cf. 5% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were more likely to say they feel very safe at their workplace (60% cf. 51% overall). 5.4 RESOURCES AND INFORMATION FOR DEALING WITH RISK To do their jobs safely, workers must have the right tools and equipment for the job and they must also have appropriate information. Workers and employers were asked to what extent they agree 10 that this is the case. As shown in Table 5.4.1, across the four high-risk sectors a high proportion (88%) of workers agree that they have the tools and equipment they need to do their jobs safely. These results have remained stable across time since Seven in ten workers (69%) agree that they are told everything they need to know to perform their jobs safely. This proportion has remained stable since 2015, following an increase between 2014 and Employers were even more likely than workers to agree that everyone in the business has the tools and equipment they need (90%) and workers and supervisors have the information they need (88%) to work safely. These levels of agreement have remained stable since 2015, following an increase between 2014 and The extent of agreement is measured on a 5 point scale where 1=strongly agree and 5=strongly disagree. In the analysis agree is responses 4 and 5 on the scale and disagree is responses 1 and 2. 85

92 5.4.1 Proportion agreeing that they have the tools and equipment and information to do the job safely: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS TOOLS & EQUIPMENT I have the tools and equipment I need to do my job safely 84% agree 86% agree 88% agree Everyone has the tools and/or equipment they need to complete their work safely 89% agree 92% agree 90% agree INFORMATION I am told everything I need to know to do my job safely 67% agree 71% agree 69% agree Workers and supervisors have the information they need to work safely 84% agree 88% agree 88% agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q48 (W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q43 (E) How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Note: The results in Table show the responses of those workers for whom the question was applicable. For example, workers who did not require special tools or equipment for their job may have selected the response option that the statement did not apply to their work situation and therefore they have been excluded from the question base. WORKERS By sector As Table shows, in each of the four high-risk sectors at least eight in ten workers agree that they have the tools and equipment they need to do their job safely and around seven in ten workers agree that they are told everything they need to know to do their job safely. Across the four high-risk sectors, workers in the Forestry sector and the Construction sector were more likely to agree that they have the tools and equipment to do their job safely (92% and 90%, respectively, cf. 88% overall), while Manufacturing workers were less likely to agree with the statement (80% cf. 88%). These results have remained relatively constant since Workers in the Construction sector were less likely to strongly agree that they are told everything they need to know to do their job safely (33% cf. 39% overall). These results have remained relatively constant since

93 5.4.2 Proportion agreeing that they have the tools and equipment and information to do the job safely: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Have the tools and equipment to do job safely Told everything they need to know to do job safely 88% 90% 92% 80% 82% 72% 67% 79% 72% 72% Base: Workers excluding doesn t apply Q48(W): To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Level of agreement with statement (5-point agreement scale) Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that they have the tools and equipment they need to do their job safely (90% cf. 88% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to agree that they have the tools and equipment they need to do their job safely (94% cf. 88% overall). Similarly, workers involved in decisions were also more likely to agree that they are told everything they need to know to do their job safely (78% cf. 69% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector As shown in Table 5.4.3, a high proportion of employers in each of the four high-risk sectors agree that everyone has the tools and equipment they need to complete their work safely, with employers in the Forestry and Manufacturing sector more likely to say that this was the case (97% and 94%, respectively, cf. 90% overall). In the Other sector almost nine in ten (89%) employers thought that their workers were well-equipped. These results have remained stable across time since Employers in the five sectors surveyed also had high levels of agreement with the statement that workers and supervisors have the information they need to work safely. Forestry employers were more likely to agree that their workers are well-informed (96% cf. 88% of overall). The proportion of employers in the Agriculture sector who agree that workers and supervisors have the information they need to work safely increased over time since 2014 (89%, up from 82% in 2014). 87

94 5.4.3 Proportion agreeing that they have tools and equipment and information to do the job safely: Employers AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n=272) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n=368) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Everyone has the tools and equipment they need to complete their work safely Workers and supervisors have the information they need to work safely 90% 89% 97% 94% 89% 89% 86% 96% 90% 87% Base: Employers Q43(E) To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Health and safety training There were no differences in employers responses to these statements in relation to the proportion of workers in their business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that everyone has the tools and/or equipment to complete their work safely (98% cf. 90% overall) and that workers and supervisors have the information they need to work safely (97% cf. 88% overall). 5.5 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO DEAL WITH RISKS TO HEALTH AND SAFETY In addition to having the resources and information to deal with risk, workers also need to have knowledge and skills to help them deal with risks encountered in the workplace. Workers were asked about the extent to which they felt confident that they have the knowledge and skills to keep healthy and safe at work. They responded using a 5-point response scale ranging from not at all confident (1 on the scale) through to very confident (5 on the scale). More specifically, workers were asked how confident (a rating of 4 or 5 on the 5-point scale) they were: about reporting a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and to management that they have the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work that they have the knowledge and skills to make sure they don t get long-term health problems from their work. WORKERS As Table shows, workers in the four high-risk sectors had very high levels of confidence in their knowledge about reporting incidents and staying safe at work; around nine in ten workers said they were confident in 88

95 response to these two statements. The proportion of workers who said they were confident that they know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and or management increased since 2015 (91%, up from 87% in 2015). Although still at a high level, fewer workers (just over eight out of ten) said they had the knowledge and skills to avoid long-term health problems. Further, fewer workers said they were very confident in response to the statement about long-term health problems than to the other two statements. Only just over half (53%) of workers said they were very confident that they had the knowledge and skills to avoid long-term health problems, while over two-thirds said they were very confident (67%) about reporting incidents and staying safe at work (67%). The proportion of workers in the Construction sector who were confident that they know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and to management increased since 2015 (92%, up from 86% in 2015), while the proportion who were confident they have the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work increased over time since 2014 (96%, up from 93% in 2014). Very few workers expressed a lack of confidence (1 and 2 on the scale) in their knowledge and skills to stay healthy and safe at work (just 3% were not confident about reporting hazards, near misses and accidents, 4% were not confident about staying healthy and 1% were not confident about keeping safe) Proportion who are confident about their knowledge and skills: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS REPORTING INCIDENTS Know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and to management 87% confident 87% confident 91% confident KEEPING SAFE Have knowledge and skills to keep safe at work 92% confident 93% confident 94% confident STAYING HEALTHY Have knowledge and skills to avoid long-term health problems 81% confident 83% confident 84% confident Base: Reporting incidents-workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014, n=2142; 2015, n=1938; 2016, n=2052) Base: Keeping Safe & Staying Healthy-Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q51 R2-R4(W) How confident are you that? (Level of confidence using 5-point scale where 1=not at all confident and 5=very confident) 89

96 By sector Table shows that confidence levels in knowledge and skills varied only slightly by sector. In each of the four high-risk sectors surveyed, workers levels of confidence in their knowledge and skills to avoid long-term health problems were not as high as they were for knowing how to report incidents or to keep safe at work. Across the four high-risk sectors points of difference were: Forestry workers were particularly confident that they know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident (96% cf. 91% overall), that they have the knowledge and skills to both keep safe at work (97% cf. 94%), and to ensure they do not get long-term health problems at work (89% cf. 84%) Agriculture workers were also more confident that they have the knowledge and skills to make sure they don t get long-term health problems from their work (87% cf. 84%) Manufacturing sector workers were less confident that they have the knowledge and skills to either keep safe at work (91% cf. 94%) or to make sure they do not get long-term health problems at work (80% cf. 84%) Proportion confident about their knowledge and skills: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and management Have knowledge and skills to keep safe at work Have knowledge and skills to avoid longterm health problems at work 87% 92% 96% 90% 83% 93% 96% 97% 91% 87% 87% 84% 89% 80% 79% Base: Workers (First statement excludes doesn t apply) Q51 (W) How confident are you? (5-point scale where 1= not at all confident and 5= very confident) Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to be confident that they know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and to management (94% cf. 91%), while those who had never had health and safety training were less likely to feel confident about this (82% cf. 91%). 90

97 Similarly, those who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to feel confident that they have the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work (96% cf. 94%), while those who had never had health and safety training were less likely to feel confident about this (89% cf. 94%).Those who had never had health and safety training were less likely to be confident that they have the knowledge and skills to make sure they don t get long-term health problems from their work (78% cf. 84%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to be confident that: they know how to report a hazard, near miss or accident to workmates and to management (95% cf. 91% overall) they have the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work (98% cf. 94%) they have the knowledge and skills to make sure they don t get long-term health problems from their work (91% cf. 84%). 5.6 RISKY BEHAVIOURS IN THE WORKPLACE In the previous sections we have seen that a high proportion of workers in the four high-risk sectors said that they have the knowledge and skills to keep themselves safe while at work. However, a considerable number of serious harm incidents continue to occur in New Zealand workplaces. Therefore, it might be argued that, despite their claims to have the resources, knowledge and skills to keep themselves safe, some workers must be behaving in ways, or being put in situations at work, that result in serious harm occurring. To ascertain the extent to which risky behaviour occurs in New Zealand workplaces, workers were asked the frequency with which they or their workmates act in a number of potentially risky ways. Employers were asked a corresponding question in relation to workers in their business. Both groups answered using a scale of never, hardly ever, from time to time, a lot. Table shows the proportion of both workers and employers across the four high-risk sectors who indicated that each of thirteen potentially risky behaviours occurred from time to time or a lot. The responses appear in rank order (of workers responses) from the most to least commonly occurring. Higher proportions of workers than employers said that each type of risky behaviour occurred from time to time or a lot in their workplace. This difference in perception between workers and employers of the amount of risky behaviour occurring in the workplace was also found in 2014 and

98 5.6.1 Proportion of workers and employers saying that workers are involved in risky behaviour in their workplace/business from time to time or a lot : The four high-risk sectors (2016) % FROM TIME TO TIME OR A LOT WORKERS EMPLOYERS Percentage point difference between workers and employers responses Work when sick or injured 44% 21% 23 Work when they are overtired 43% 24% 19 Make a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job 35% 30% 5 Take a risk or short-cut on purpose (e.g. to save time) 33% 19% 14 Make a mistake from being under pressure by the boss to get the job done Make a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break Get put at risk by working in conditions when work should have been stopped (e.g. bad weather, not enough people on the job) Get put at risk by something outside of their control (e.g. a freak accident) 28% 16% 12 22% 7% 15 21% 6% 15 18% 12% 6 Do a risky job that they don't have the right skills for 17% 4% 13 Get put at risk from not having proper supervision 15% 4% 11 Get put at risk because our processes or ways we are told to do things are not safe Get put at risk by a machinery or equipment fault or breakdown 14% 3% 11 14% 3% 11 Work when hung-over or stoned 12% 5% 7 Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q36(W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q30(E) How often does someone in your workplace/ your business? (never, hardly ever, from time to time, a lot, don t know) WORKERS Working while sick or injured (44%), working while overtired (43%) and making a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job (35%) were the most common risky behaviours occurring in workplaces from time to time or a lot. Each of these potentially risky behaviours was also the most frequently mentioned in 2014 and

99 Table shows the proportion of workers across the four high-risk sectors who indicated that each of thirteen potentially risky behaviours occurred from time to time or a lot in each of the three years. The responses appear in rank order from the most to least commonly occurring in As Table shows, following decreases across all risky behaviours between 2014 and 2015, results remained stable in 2016 across 11 of the 13 risky behaviours. Increases since 2015 were seen in the proportion of workers who made a mistake from being under pressure from the boss to get the job done (28%, up from 24%) and getting put at risk from not having proper supervision (15%, up from 12%) Proportion of workers saying that workers are involved in risky behaviour at work from time to time or a lot : The four high-risk sectors % FROM TIME TO TIME OR A LOT Work when sick or injured 57% 47% 44% Work when they are overtired 53% 43% 43% Make a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job Take a risk or short-cut on purpose (e.g. to save time) Make a mistake from being under pressure by the boss to get the job done Make a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break Get put at risk by working in conditions when work should have been stopped (e.g. bad weather, not enough people on the job) Get put at risk by something outside of their control (e.g. a freak accident) Do a risky job that they don't have the right skills for Get put at risk from not having proper supervision Get put at risk because our processes or ways we are told to do things are not safe Get put at risk by a machinery or equipment fault or breakdown 43% 33% 35% 41% 33% 33% 31% 24% 28% 30% 23% 22% 26% 20% 21% 20% 17% 18% 22% 15% 17% 17% 12% 15% 17% 12% 14% 16% 12% 14% Work when hung-over or stoned 17% 11% 12% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q36 (W) How often does someone in your workplace/ your business? (never, hardly ever, from time to time, a lot, don t know) 93

100 By sector Across all of the four high-risk sectors, the most common risky behaviours that workers said happened from time to time or a lot were worked when sick or injured and worked when they were overtired. For the top three most common risky behaviours for each sector, shown in Table 5.6.3, differences for workers in the Manufacturing sector were as follows: Workers in the Manufacturing sector (54%) were more likely to say that workers worked when sick or injured from time to time or a lot, compared with workers across the other sectors (54% cf. 44% overall). The proportion of workers in the Manufacturing sector who said this occurs from time to time or a lot has increased since 2015 (54%, up from 48% in 2015). Similarly, workers in the Manufacturing (52%) sector were also more likely to say that workers worked when they were overtired from time to time or a lot, compared with workers across the other sectors (43% overall). Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to say that workers make mistakes by being careless and not having their mind on the job from time to time or a lot, compared with workers in the other sectors (50% cf. 35% overall). Workers in the Manufacturing sector (29%) were more likely to have made a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break, compared with workers overall (29% cf. 22% overall). In the Other sector, workers were also more likely to take or exhibit certain types of risky behaviours compared to the 5 sectors overall. For example they were more likely to say that they had worked when sick or injured (52% cf. 47% overall) from time to time or a lot and to have worked when they were overtired (49% cf. 45% overall). As one might expect, workers were also more likely to have made a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break (29% cf. 24% overall). These results have remained relatively stable since Three most common risky behaviours that happen from time to time or a lot : Workers, % 2 41% 3 26% AGRICULTURE (n= ) Work when overtired Work when sick or injured 43% 40% Take risk or short-cut on 37% purpose CONSTRUCTION (n= ) Work when sick or injured Work when overtired 48% 48% Being careless or 38% not having mind on job FORESTRY (n=316) Work when sick or injured Work when overtired 54% 52% Being careless or 50% not having mind on job Base: Workers Q36 (W) How often does someone in your workplace (you or anyone you work with)? Frequency scale: (never, hardly ever, from time to time, a lot, don t know) MANUFACTURING (n= ) Work when sick or injured Work when overtired 52% 49% Being careless or 29% not having mind on job OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Work when sick or injured Work when overtired Make a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break 94

101 Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that workers get put at risk from not having proper supervision from time to time or a lot in their workplace (18% cf. 15% overall). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were less likely to say all 13 risky behaviours occurred from time to time or a lot in their workplace, while workers who are not involved in decisions were more likely to say all 13 risky behaviours occurred rarely in their workplace. In other words, workers who feel they are involved in health and safety decisions were less likely to say that risky behaviours occur in their workplace, while those who say they are not involved in health and safety decisions were more inclined to say risky behaviours occur. EMPLOYERS For employers in the four high-risk sectors, the three most commonly observed risky behaviours were the same as those reported in 2015: Workers making a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job (30%) Workers working when overtired (24%) Workers working when sick or injured (21%). In 2015, nine of the thirteen risky behaviours decreased in occurrence since Following these considerable decreases across the majority of the risky behaviours, the 2016 results remained stable and are mostly unchanged. 95

102 5.6.4 Proportion of employers saying that workers are involved in risky behaviour in their business from time to time or a lot : The four high-risk sectors % FROM TIME TO TIME OR A LOT Make a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job 38% 30% 30% Work when they are overtired 31% 25% 24% Work when sick or injured 29% 21% 21% Take a risk or short-cut on purpose (e.g. to save time) Make a mistake from being under pressure by the boss to get the job done Get put at risk by something outside of their control (e.g. a freak accident) Make a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break Get put at risk by working in conditions when work should have been stopped (e.g. bad weather, not enough people on the job) 27% 18% 19% 22% 15% 16% 15% 12% 12% 11% 7% 7% 10% 7% 6% Work when hung-over or stoned 6% 5% 5% Do a risky job that they don't have the right skills for Get put at risk from not having proper supervision Get put at risk because our processes or ways we are told to do things are not safe Get put at risk by a machinery or equipment fault or breakdown 7% 3% 4% 6% 4% 4% 6% 4% 3% 6% 4% 3% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q30 (E) How often does someone in your workplace/ your business? (never, hardly ever, from time to time, a lot, don t know) By sector Across all of the four high-risk sectors, the most common risky behaviour that employers said happened from time to time or a lot was making a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job, while for employers in the Other sector working when sick or injured was the most commonly seen risky behaviour. 96

103 Employers in the four high-risk sectors who were more likely to say that some risky behaviours happened from time to time or a lot were: Agriculture: working when overtired (29% cf. 24%), doing a risky job they don t have the right skills for (6% cf. 4%), making a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job (33% cf. 27%) Construction: working when hung-over or stoned (7% cf. 4%) Manufacturing: getting put at risk from not having proper supervision (6% cf. 4%) Forestry: get put at risk by working in conditions when work should have been stopped (e.g. bad weather, not enough people on the job) (10% cf. 6%), get put at risk by something out of their control (e.g. a freak accident) (20% cf. 12%) Three most common risky behaviours by workers that happen from time to time or a lot : Employers, % 2 29% 3 20% AGRICULTURE (n= ) Being careless or not having mind on job Work when overtired Take a risk or short-cut on purpose CONSTRUCTION (n=274) Being careless or 27% not having mind on job Work when 22% overtired Work when 21% sick or injured FORESTRY (n= ) Being careless or 30% not having mind on job Work when 25% overtired 31% 22% Get put at risk by 20% something 19% outside of their control Base: Employers Q30 (E) How often does a worker in your business.? Frequency scale: (never, hardly ever, from time to time, a lot, don t know) MANUFACTURING (n= ) Being careless or not having mind on job Work when sick or injured Work when overtired 23% 19% 19% OTHER (n= ) Work when sick or injured Work when overtired Being careless or not having mind on job Health and safety training In workplaces where employers said that none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months, employers were less likely to say the following risky behaviours occurred from time to time or a lot: Take a risk or shortcut on purpose (e.g. to save time) (14% cf. 19% overall) Get put at risk by something outside of their control (e.g. a freak accident) (8% cf. 12%). 97

104 Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were less likely to say that workers: take a risk or shortcut on purpose (e.g. to save time) (13% cf. 19% overall) work when sick or injured (18% cf. 21%) make a mistake because they have been working too long or too hard without a break (5% cf. 7%) make a mistake by being careless or not having their mind on the job (26% cf. 30%) make a mistake from being under pressure to get the job done (12% cf. 16%). EMPLOYERS REACTIONS TO RISK TAKING AS PERCEIVED BY WORKERS Workers who had a boss were asked how their boss reacts when a worker is seen taking a risk or shortcut. We wanted to know to what extent workers agree or disagree that their boss sometimes says nothing when he/she sees a worker taking a shortcut or risk. A positive response is therefore indicated by a high level of disagreement with the statement. As Table shows, over six in ten (64%) workers disagreed that their boss sometimes says nothing when a worker takes a shortcut or risk. Nearly two in ten (18%) workers agreed that the boss sometimes says nothing. These results have remained stable across time since Proportion disagreeing that the boss says nothing if a worker takes a shortcut or risk: The four highrisk sectors WORKERS My boss sometimes says nothing when he/she sees a worker taking a short-cut or risk 64% disagree 63% disagree 64% disagree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding self-employed (2014 n=1557; 2015 n=1411; 2016 n=1415) Q49 R10 (W) To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? By sector As Chart shows, Forestry workers were more likely than other high-risk sector workers to disagree that their boss sometimes says nothing when he/she sees a worker taking a shortcut or risk (75% cf. 64% overall). In other words, the results indicate that, from the workers perspective, Forestry bosses were more likely than bosses in the other sectors to speak up when they see risky behaviours occurring. These results have remained stable since 2014 and

105 5.6.7 Proportion disagreeing that the boss says nothing if a worker takes a shortcut or risk: Workers AGRICULTURE 65% 57% 68% CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 66% 75% 60% 63% 65% 62% 70% 69% 63% 65% 62% 54% Base: Workers excluding self-employed in Agriculture (2014 n=253; 2015 n=202; 2016 n=258) Construction (2014 n=380; 2015 n=309; 2016 n=336) Forestry (2014 n=301; 2015 n=316; 2016 n=267) Manufacturing (2014 n=623; 2015 n=584; 2016 n=554) Other sector (2014 n=745; 2015 n=688; 2016 n=857) Q49 R10 (W) To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to disagree that their boss sometimes says nothing when he/she see a worker taking a shortcut or risk (70% cf. 64%). In other words, this means that those workers who had undertaken health and safety training were more likely to think that their bosses would speak up when they see risky behaviours occurring. In contrast to this, workers who had never had health and safety training were more likely to agree that their boss sometimes says nothing when he/she see a worker taking a shortcut or risk (26% cf. 18%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to disagree that their boss sometimes says nothing when he/she sees a worker taking a shortcut or risk (74% cf. 64% overall). 5.7 COMMUNICATION ABOUT HAZARDS, NEAR MISSES AND ACCIDENTS The exchange of information between workers, their workmates, bosses and management about hazards, near misses and accidents that occur in the workplace is an important part of learning about risk and about ways to prevent serious harm occurring. In Section 5.5, it was noted that just over nine in ten (91%) workers said they know how to report hazards, near misses and accidents. In this section of the report we look at how often workers reported (told others about) these types of incidents and also whether management reported incidents to workers. Workers were asked how frequently: workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to workmates management report hazards, near misses and accidents to workers. 99

106 Employers were asked how often workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors. The response options for these questions were never, less than half the time, about half the time, most of the time, always. WORKERS As Chart shows, seven in ten (70%) workers from the four high-risk sectors said that hazards, near misses and accidents were reported often (most of the time or always) in their workplace. Since 2015, the proportion who said that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses or supervisors always decreased (24%, down from 28%), while the proportion who said this happens most of the time increased (46%, up from 40% in 2015). Overall, since 2014, the proportion who said this happens often has increased (65% in 2014, up to 70% in 2016) Proportion who said reporting of hazards, near misses and accidents happens often ( most of the time or always ): Workers in the four high-risk sectors NET % Always or mostly 65% 68% 70% Workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses or supervisors 23% 28% 24% 42% 40% 46% 2014 (n=2086) 2015 (n=1874) 2016 (n=1981) ALWAYS MOSTLY Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply Q52 (W) How often would you say each of the following happens in your workplace/business? (never, less than half the time, half the time, most of the time, always, don t know) By sector Across the four high-risk sectors the proportion of workers saying that hazards, near misses and accidents were reported most of the time or always remained relatively high in Likewise, a relatively high proportion of workers also said that things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way most of the time or always (chart 4.1.6). 100

107 As shown in Table 5.7.2, workers in the Forestry sector were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to say that hazards, near misses and accidents were reported to bosses or supervisors often in their workplace (82% cf. 70% overall). This result remained constant since Proportion who said reporting of hazards, near misses and accidents happens often ( most of the time or always ): Workers, 2016 Workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors Things that put health and safety at risk are discussed in an open and helpful way AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) Base: Workers excluding doesn t apply Q52 R1-R4 (W) How often would you say each of the following happens in your workplace? FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) 72% 69% 82% 70% 70% 81% 79% 90% 73% 73% Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses or supervisors often (75% cf. 70% overall), while workers who had never had health and safety training were more likely to say this rarely happened (37% cf. 26%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to say that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses / supervisors often (77% cf. 70% overall). EMPLOYERS As Chart shows, around three-quarters (77%) of employers in the four high-risk sectors thought that workers reported hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors often (most of the time or always). These results have remained constant across time since A higher proportion of employers (77%) than workers (70%) said that incidents are reported often. 101

108 5.7.3 Proportion who said reporting of hazards, near misses and accidents happens often ( most of the time or always ): Employers in the four high-risk sectors NET % Always or mostly 74% 77% 77% Workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses or supervisors 29% 31% 29% 45% 46% 48% 2014 (n=1317) 2015 (n=1469) 2016 (n=1201) ALWAYS MOSTLY Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply Q49 R1 (E) How often does each happen in your workplace/business (never, less than half the time, half the time, most of the time, always, don t know) By sector Forestry employers were more likely than other high-risk sector employers to say that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors often (84% cf. 77% overall), while employers in the Construction sector were more likely to say this happens less than half the time or never (26% cf. 21%). As Table shows, there has been a decrease in the proportion of employers in the Forestry sector who said that workers reported incidents often to bosses/supervisors since 2015 (84%, down from 91% in 2015). All other sectors have remained constant since Proportion who said reporting of hazards, near misses and accidents happens often ( most of the time or always ): Employers, 2016 Workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors AGRICULTURE (n=346) CONSTRUCTION (n=269) FORESTRY (n=231) MANUFACTURING (n=355) OTHER SECTOR (n=348) 79% 73% 84% 83% 78% Base: Employers excluding doesn t apply Q49 R1 (E) How often would you say each of the following happens in your business? Level of frequency on 5-point scale where 1= never and 5= always 102

109 Health and safety training Employers in workplaces where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors often (81% cf. 77%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were also more likely to say that workers report hazards, near misses and accidents to bosses/supervisors often in their workplace (84% cf. 77%). 5.8 POSITIVE ACTIONS TO PREVENT SERIOUS HARM IN THE WORKPLACE Workers and employers were asked about the following positive actions which can be taken to help prevent workplace accidents: Wearing of personal protective equipment Fitting of safety devices to machinery and equipment Maintenance of machinery and equipment Checking of machinery and equipment before use Action taken when a potential hazard is identified. Workers and employers views about the frequency with which these preventative actions happen in the workplace were measured on a 5-point scale (never, less than half the time, about half the time, most of the time, always). Although high proportions of both workers and employers thought that the five preventative actions occurred most of the time or always (ranging from 80% to 95%), the focus in this report is on the proportion of those who say these positive actions always occur, given the importance of preventative actions in reducing serious harm. As Chart shows, the proportions of workers (ranging from 39% to 61%) and employers (ranging from 41% to 70%) in the four high-risk sectors who said that positive actions always occurred in the workplace are not particularly high. Safety devices [being] fitted to machinery and equipment was the positive action thought most likely to always take place by both workers (61%) and employers (70%). The biggest differences between workers and employers was in relation to machinery and equipment being well maintained, with around half (52%) of workers saying this always happened, compared with almost two-thirds (64%) of employers. Secondly, action being taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified differed between workers and employers, with over half (55%) of workers saying this always happened, compared with almost two-thirds of employers (64%). These results for both workers and employers have remained relatively constant since Over time, there has been an increase in the proportion of workers who said action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified and personal protective equipment is is used always (up from 50% in 2014 to 55% in 2016 and from 45% to 52%, respectively). 103

110 5.8.1 Frequency with which positive health and safety actions occur in the workplace always : The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be 61% 61% 58% Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be 70% 69% 67% Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified 55% 56% 50% Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified 64% 65% 64% Machinery and equipment is well maintained 52% 50% 47% Machinery and equipment is well maintained 64% 65% 64% Personal protective equipment is used when it should be 52% 51% 45% Personal protective equipment is used when it should be 49% 49% 48% Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used % 38% 35% Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014, n= ; 2015, n= ; 2016, n= ) Q53 (W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding doesn t apply (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q50 (E) How often does each of the following happen in your workplace? 41% 43% 41% WORKERS By sector As can be seen in Table 5.8.2, Forestry workers were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to say that all five preventative actions always occurred in their workplace. Other differences were: Agriculture workers were more likely to say that machinery and equipment was always well maintained (60% cf. 52% overall) and that machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used (45% cf. 39%). However they were less likely to say that personal protective equipment was always used when it should be (47% cf. 52%) Manufacturing workers were less likely to say that machinery was always well maintained (40% cf. 52%) or that action was always taken straight away when a hazard was identified (51% cf. 55%). These results have remained constant since

111 5.8.2 Frequency with which positive health and safety actions occurred in the workplace always : Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified Machinery and equipment is well maintained 63% 59% 72% 64% 61% 55% 55% 67% 51% 57% 60% 51% 60% 40% 54% Personal protective equipment is used when it should be 47% 53% 76% 57% 55% Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used 45% 35% 57% 38% 43% Base: Workers excluding doesn t apply Q53 (W) How often does each of the following happen in your workplace? Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that the following always happened: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (57% cf. 52% overall) Machinery and equipment is well maintained (55% cf. 52%) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be (66% cf. 61%). Workers who had never had health and safety training were less likely to say that the following always happened: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (44% cf. 52% overall) Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified (49% cf. 55%) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be (54% cf. 61%). 105

112 Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to say the following always occurred in their workplace: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (e.g. ear, eye or head protection) (58% cf. 52% overall) Machinery and equipment is well maintained (62% cf. 52%) Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used (46% cf. 39%) Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified (65% cf. 55%) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be (e.g. safety guards on machinery) (69% cf. 61%). EMPLOYERS By sector Across the four high-risk sectors, results have remained relatively stable since 2015 with the only change being in the proportion of employers in the Forestry sector who said that action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified always (a decrease from 80% in 2015 to 68% in 2016). Forestry employers, like Forestry workers, were more likely than employers in the other high-risk sectors to say that the following preventative actions always occurred in their workplace: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (78% cf. 49% overall) Machinery and equipment is well maintained (71% cf. 64%) Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used (56% cf. 41%) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be (85% cf. 70%). Manufacturing employers were more likely to say that personal protective equipment is always used when it should be (58% cf. 49%). Agriculture employers were less likely to say that the following actions always occurred: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (37% cf. 49% overall) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment (65% cf. 70%). 106

113 5.8.3 Frequency with which positive health and safety actions occurred in the workplace always : Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified 65% 73% 85% 70% 72% 62% 67% 68% 64% 68% Machinery and equipment is well maintained 67% 61% 71% 65% 70% Personal protective equipment is used when it should be 37% 54% 78% 58% 55% Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used 43% 40% 56% 41% 52% Base: Employers excluding doesn t apply Q50 (E) How often does each of the following happen in your workplace? Health and safety training Employers in workplaces where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say that the following always happened: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (55% cf. 49% overall) Machinery and equipment is well maintained (68% cf. 64%) Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used (48% cf. 41%) Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified (71% cf. 64%). In contrast to this, employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were less likely to say that the following always happen: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (43% cf. 49% overall) Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used (35% cf. 41%) Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified (59% cf. 64%). 107

114 Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say the following always occur in their workplace: Personal protective equipment is used when it should be (60% cf. 49% overall) Machinery and equipment is always well maintained (74% cf. 64%) Machinery and equipment is fully checked before it is used (53% cf. 41%) Action is taken straight away when a potential hazard is identified (79% cf. 64%) Safety devices are fitted to machinery and equipment when they should be (79% cf. 70%). 108

115 SECTION 6: EXPERIENCE OF WORKPLACE INCIDENTS (SERIOUS HARM, NEAR MISSES AND HAZARDS) AND RESPONSES 109

116 6 EXPERIENCE OF WORKPLACE INCIDENTS AND RESPONSES This section includes information about workers and employers experiences of workplace incidents, including serious harm, near misses and hazards. This section also describes what types of harm occurred over the last 12 months and the responses to those incidents. In the 2014 survey, respondents were shown one list of injuries and types of harm based on the definition of serious harm from the Health and Safety in Employment Act Other types of harm, such as sprains and strains, also were included in the list. In 2015, WorkSafe decided to separate the types of harm into two lists one focusing on permanent and serious types of harm, and one listing other injuries, which included types of harm such as short-term breathing problems and sprains and strains. In 2016, this structure was again used and so the 2016 results are directly comparable with the 2015 ones. As such, only the 2015 and 2016 data are presented here. Workers were asked to identify which types of harm they had personally had from their work in the last 12 months. Employers were asked to identify all types of harm that had happened to anyone working in their business while they were at work in the last 12 months, including employees and contractors. In 2016, both workers and employers who had experienced a serious harm event in the last 12 months were also asked which event was their most recent incident. The results in this section need to be interpreted on the basis that they are the self-reported experience of each of the types of harm listed. Nevertheless, the results provide some strong indications of the extent of workrelated harms occurring. 6.1 OCCURRENCE OF SERIOUS HARM Over one in ten workers (15%) in the four high-risk sectors personally experienced a serious harm incident at work in the last 12 months, while just under two in ten employers (19%) in these sectors said that at least one of their workers had been seriously harmed while at work in the last 12 months. These results remained relatively unchanged since

117 6.1.1 Proportion of workers experiencing serious harm in the workplace in the last 12 months: The four high-risk sectors Serious harm incident WORKERS 15% 18% EMPLOYERS 19% 21% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding not answered (2015 n=2052; 2016 n=2142) Q38 (W) In the last 12 months, which of the following have you had from your work? Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding not answered (2015 n=1484; 2016 n=1223) Q31(E) In the last 12 months which of the following has happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? By sector Workers in the Manufacturing sector were significantly more likely to have experienced serious harm than workers in the high-risk sectors overall (21% cf. 15% overall), while those in Construction were less likely to have experienced serious harm, this result is a significant decrease since 2015 (13%, down from 19% in 2015). Just 7% of workers in the Other sector experienced serious harm in the last 12 months. Around two in ten (ranging from 17% to 23%) employers in each of the four high-risk sectors said that workers in their business had experienced serious harm in the last 12 months. There were no significant differences between the four high-risk sectors in relation to the proportion of employers with workers who had experienced serious harm. A low proportion (8%) of employers in the Other sector said that their workers had a serious harm incident. 111

118 6.1.2 Proportion of workers experiencing serious harm in the last 12 months: 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS WORKERS 15% 13% 17% 21% 7% EMPLOYERS 17% 19% 23% 22% 8% Base: Workers (Agriculture n=684; Construction n=544; Forestry n=306; Manufacturing n=608; Other sector n=1061) Q38 (W) In the last 12 months, which of the following have you had from your work? Base: Employers (Agriculture n=356; Construction n=273; Forestry n=230; Manufacturing n=364; Other sector n=367) Q31 (E) In the last 12 months which of the following has happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? Health and safety training There were no differences in the proportions of both workers and employers who had experienced serious harm in the last 12 months in relation to the proportion of workers in the business/workplace who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were less likely to say an incident resulting in serious harm occurred in their workplace in the last 12 months (15% cf. 19% overall). TYPES OF SERIOUS HARM The types of serious harm that workers experienced in their workplaces are shown in Table The most commonly mentioned harm by both workers and employers was a deep cut or wound requiring stitches (4% and 8%, respectively). For workers a temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise (3%) and long term breathing problems (2%) were the next most frequently mentioned harms, while employers mentioned a broken bone/fracture (4%), an eye injury (4%) and an injury from crushing (3%). 112

119 6.1.3 Types of serious harm occurring in the workplace: The four high-risk sectors, 2016 WORKERS EMPLOYERS A deep cut or wound that required stitches 4% 8% Temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise 3% 1% Long-term breathing problems 2% 1% Permanent loss of hearing from exposure to noise 2% <0.5% An eye injury 2% 4% An injury from crushing 2% 3% Broken bone/fracture 1% 4% Been hurt or became sick and was hospitalised Serious head or brain injury, including concussion 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% Burns requiring medical attention <0.5% 1% A body part amputated <0.5% <0.5% Became unconscious as a result of physical injury or lack of oxygen <0.5% <0.5% Other serious temporary damage 2% 1% Other permanent health problem 2% <0.5% Would rather not say 1% <0.5% None of these 84% 80% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (n=2142) Q38(W) Employers from the four high-risk sectors (n=1223) Q31(E) In the last 12 months, which of the following have you had from your work? In the last 12 months which of the following has happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? WORKERS The 15% of workers who had experienced a serious harm incident were asked which types of harm they had experienced. The most commonly mentioned harms were a deep cut or wound requiring stitches (4%), temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise (3%) and long-term breathing problems (2%). These results remained stable since The number of workers who had experienced other permanent health problems increased since 2015 (2%, up from 1% in 2015). 113

120 In 2016, workers were asked whether this was their most recent serious harm incident, with the most commonly mentioned most recent harms being a deep cut or wound requiring stitches (2%), temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise (2%) and long-term breathing problems (2%) Types of serious harm occurring in the workplace and most recent event: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS MOST RECENT A deep cut or wound that required stitches 4% 4% 2% Temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise 3% 3% 2% Long-term breathing problems 2% 2% 2% Permanent loss of hearing from exposure to noise 2% 2% 1% An eye injury 3% 2% 2% An injury from crushing 2% 2% 2% Broken bone/fracture 2% 1% 1% Been hurt or became sick and was hospitalised 1% 1% 1% Serious head or brain injury <0.5% 1% 1% Burns requiring medical attention 1% <0.5% <0.5% A body part amputated <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Became unconscious because of physical injury/lack of oxygen <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Other serious temporary damage 2% 2% N/A Other permanent health problem 1% 2% N/A Would rather not say 1% 1% 1% None of these 82% 84% 85% *Other N/A N/A 3% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n=2052; 2016 n=2142) Q38(W) Most recent (n=2108) Q38b(W) In the last 12 months, which of the following have you had from your work? Which of the following has most recently happened to you while at work? *Note: Other permanent / serious health problems was combined into one response for Q38b 114

121 By sector Across the four high-risk sectors, workers in the Agriculture sector were more likely to have experienced an injury from crushing (3% cf. 2% overall). Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to have experienced temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise (4% cf. 3% overall) and long-term breathing problems (e.g. chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma) from exposure to particles, fumes, smoke, sprays or other harmful substances (4% cf. 2% overall). Workers in the Construction sector were less likely to have experienced permanent loss of hearing from exposure to noise (1% cf. 2%) or an injury from crushing (1% cf. 2%), compared with the overall result. Health and safety training Workers in the four high-risk sectors who had never had health and safety training were more likely to have been affected by an eye injury (e.g. chemical or hot-metal burn, or penetrating wound of eye) (4% cf. 2% overall). Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in response to this question in relation to whether workers are involved in decisions affecting health and safety. EMPLOYERS Among the 19% of employers whose workers had experienced serious harm, the most frequently occurring types of harm were a deep cut or wound requiring stitches (mentioned by 8%), broken bones or fractures (4%) and eye injuries (4%). These results remained stable since Employers were more likely to say a worker in their business had experienced one of these most frequently occurring serious harm events in comparison with workers. In 2016, as for workers, employers were asked whether this was the most recent serious harm incident their worker had experienced, with the most commonly mentioned most recent harms being a deep cut or wound requiring stitches (7%), broken bones or fractures (3%) and eye injuries (3%). 115

122 6.1.5 Types of serious harm occurring in the workplace and most recent event: The four high-risk sectors EMPLOYERS MOST RECENT A deep cut or wound that required stitches 10% 8% 7% Broken bone/fracture 5% 4% 3% An eye injury 4% 4% 3% An injury from crushing 4% 3% 2% Temporary, but serious loss of hearing 1% 1% <0.5% Burns requiring medical attention 1% 1% <0.5% Long-term breathing problems <0.5% 1% <0.5% Permanent loss of hearing <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Been hurt or became sick and was hospitalised Became unconscious because of physical injury/lack of oxygen 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% A body part amputated <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Serious head or brain injury <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Other serious temporary damage 1% 1% N/A Other permanent health problem <0.5% <0.5% N/A Would rather not say <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% None of these 78% 80% 81% *Other N/A N/A 2% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2016 n=1223; 2015 n=1484) Q31(E) Most recent (n=1199) Q31b (E) In the last 12 months which of the following has happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? Which of the following has most recently happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? *Note: Other permanent / serious health problems was combined into one response for Q31b 116

123 By sector Across the four high-risk sectors, employers in the: Forestry sector were more likely to say one of their workers had experienced a broken bone/ fracture (8% cf. 4% overall) Manufacturing sector were more likely to say one of their workers experienced an eye injury (e.g. chemical or hot-metal burn, or penetrating wound of eye (7% cf. 4%) Construction sector were more likely to say that their workers had experienced temporary, but serious loss of hearing from exposure to noise (2% cf. 1% overall), while they were less likely to experience a broken bone/ fracture (2% cf. 4%) or an injury from crushing (1% cf. 3%). Health and safety training There were no differences in the proportion of employers whose workers had experienced serious harm in the last 12 months in relation to the proportion of workers in the business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say none of the types of serious harm incidents occurred in the last 12 months (84% cf. 80% overall). 6.2 OTHER TYPES OF HARM Over four in ten (46%) workers in the four high-risk sectors had experienced some other type of harm in their workplace in the last 12 months, an increase from 42% in Slightly fewer than four in ten (38%) employers had someone in their business experience some other type of harm in the last 12 months. This result has remained relatively stable since

124 6.2.1 Other types of harm WORKERS 46% 42% EMPLOYERS 38% 40% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding not answered (2015 n=2085; 2016 n=2170) Q115 (W) In the last 12 months, which of the following have you had from your work? Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding not answered (2015 n=1496; 2016 n=1232) Q106(E) In the last 12 months which of the following has happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? In 2016, sprains, strains and dislocations were the most frequent type of harm experienced by three in ten workers (30%). Around one in ten workers had skin conditions (11%), a stress-related or mental illness (11%) and/or short-term breathing problems from temporary exposure to particles, fumes, smoke, sprays or other harmful substances (12%). The proportion of workers who experienced short-term breathing problems increased since 2015 (12% up from 9%), while all other results remained relatively stable. Fewer than four in ten (38%) employers in the four high-risk sectors said that workers in their businesses had experienced at least one of these types of harm. The most frequently occurring harm was sprains, strains and dislocations (29%), followed by skin conditions (8%) and a stress-related or mental illness (6%). These results remained constant since Workers and employers in the Construction and Manufacturing sectors were asked whether they, or their workers, had been exposed to asbestos in the last 12 months. They were asked about exposure to asbestos as a potential serious harm, rather than about the disease, as they are unlikely to be working in the industry if they have asbestosis. A small proportion of workers in the Construction sector (8%) and the Manufacturing sector (1%) said they had been exposed to asbestos, while 6% of employers in the Construction sector and 1% in the Manufacturing sector said that workers in their business had been exposed. 118

125 6.2.2 Occurrence of other types of harm in the workplace: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS WORKERS EMPLOYERS Sprain, strain or dislocation 27% 31% 30% 29% Skin conditions (e.g. rashes, eczema, dermatitis) A stress-related or mental illness Short-term breathing problems 11% 7% 11% 8% 9% 5% 11% 6% 9% 5% 12% 4% Exposure to asbestos* 3% 1% 5% 3% Would rather not say 1% <0.5% 1% 1% Don t know - 3% - 3% None of these 57% 57% 53% 59% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n=2085; 2016 n=2170) Q115(W) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n=1496; 2016 n=1232) Q106(E) *Exposure to asbestos was only asked of those in the Construction and Manufacturing industries. In the last 12 months, which of the following have happened to you because of your work? In the last 12 months which of the following has been experienced at work by anyone who works in your business? WORKERS By sector Workers in the Agriculture and Forestry sectors were less likely to have experienced short-term breathing problems or irritation of the airways from temporary exposure to particles, fumes, smoke, sprays or other harmful substances (both 8%, respectively, cf. 12% overall). Over four in ten (43%) workers in the Agriculture sector had experienced one or more other types of harm in the last 12 months, up from 37% in Across the other high-risk sectors, Forestry workers reported the lowest proportion of other types of harm (40%). 119

126 6.2.3 Other types of harm by sector in 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR OTHER TYPES OF HARM WORKERS 43% 48% 40% 45% 30% EMPLOYERS 36% 39% 45% 37% 27% Base: Workers (Agriculture n=683; Construction n=557; Forestry n=318; Manufacturing n=612; Other sector n=1059) Q115 (W) In the last 12 months, which of the following have you had from your work? Base: Employers (Agriculture n=359; Construction n=274; Forestry n=230; Manufacturing n=369; Other sector n=367) Q106 (E) In the last 12 months which of the following has happened to anyone who works in your business while they were at work? Health and safety training There were no differences in the proportion of workers who had experienced other types of harm in the last 12 months in relation to the proportion of workers in the workplace who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions were more likely to say they had experienced none of these health problems in the last 12 months (58% cf. 53% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector Manufacturing employers were more likely to say that someone working in the business had experienced short-term breathing problems in the last 12 months (6% cf. 4% overall), while Forestry employers were more likely to say that someone working in the business had experienced a sprain, strain or dislocation (41% cf. 29% overall). Health and safety training Employers in businesses where some but less than half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say their workers had experienced a health-related problem (47% cf. 38% overall in the four high-risk sectors). Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in response to this question in relation to whether workers are involved in decisions affecting health and safety. 120

127 6.3 OCCURRENCE OF NEAR MISSES Workers were asked to say how many times in the last 12 months they personally had a near miss at work where they could have been seriously hurt. Employers were asked to say, to the best of their knowledge, the number of times in the last 12 months someone working in their business had experienced a near miss where they could have been seriously hurt at work. Three in ten (31%) workers said they had a near miss in the last 12 months, which is a similar result to that of both 2014 and A third (33%) of employers said that a worker or workers had experienced a near miss at work in the last 12 months, which represents an increase from 24% in Proportion of workers having one or more near miss incidents in the last 12 months: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS 30% 30% 31% 28% 24% 33% 2014 (n=2252) 2015 (n=2063) 2016 (n=2129) 2014 (n=1299) 2015 (n=1457) 2016 (n=1202) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q41(W) In the last 12 months, how many times have you personally had a near miss at work where you could have been seriously hurt? Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q36(E) In the last 12 months, as far as you know, how many times has someone working your business had a near miss where they could have been seriously hurt at work? WORKERS When looked at in further detail, as shown in Chart 6.3.2, three in ten (31%) workers said they had a near miss in the last 12 months, with nearly two in ten (17%) having one near miss and over one in ten (14%) having more than one near miss. These results remained stable across time since

128 6.3.2 Proportion had near miss in last 12 months: Workers 65% 65% 65% NONE Near miss ONE NEAR MISS 16% 18% 17% 13% 13% 14% 5% 5% 4% MORE THAN ONE DON'T KNOW 2014 (n=2252) 2015 (n=2063) 2016 (n=2129) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q41 (W) In the last 12 months, how many times have you personally had a near miss at work where you could have been seriously hurt? By sector Forestry workers were significantly more likely to have experienced one or more near misses, compared with workers in the other high-risk sectors (46% cf. 31% overall). Across all 5 sectors, workers in the Other sector were more likely to have experienced no near misses in the last 12 months (82% cf. 71% overall). These results remained stable since Proportion experiencing near misses in the last 12 months: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR NEAR MISSES n=682 n=543 n=312 n=592 n=1053 % None 67% 65% 51% 64% 82% % One 16% 18% 21% 17% 9% % More than one 12% 14% 25% 16% 7% Base: Workers Q41 (W) In the last 12 months, how many times have you personally had a near miss at work where you could have been seriously hurt? Health and safety training There were no differences in the proportion of workers who had experienced a near miss in the last 12 months in relation to whether they had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. 122

129 Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were more likely to have experienced no near miss incidents in the last 12 months (73% cf. 65% overall). EMPLOYERS A third (33%) of employers said that their workers had experienced a near miss at work in the last 12 months. Chart shows that there has been an increase in the proportion of employers reporting that their workers had experienced just one near miss incident (16%, up from 11% in 2015) and more than one near miss incident (16%, up from 13% in 2015). This was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion saying that their business had no near miss incidents (59%, down from 67% in 2015), suggesting an increase overall in near miss incidents. There has been some fluctuation across these results, with the 2016 results returning to similar levels to those seen in Proportion of employers whose workers experienced a near miss in the last 12 months: Employers in the four high-risk sectors NONE 62% 67% 59% ONE Near miss MORE THAN ONE 15% 11% 16% DON'T KNOW 13% 13% 16% 10% 9% 8% 2014 (n=1299) 2015 (n=1457) 2016 (n=1202) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q36 (E) In the last 12 months, as far as you know, how many times has someone working in your business had a near miss where they could have been seriously hurt at work? By sector Forestry employers were more likely to say that their workers had experienced more than one near miss incident, compared with employers in the other high-risk sectors (45% cf. 16%). 123

130 Since 2015, a decrease was seen in the proportion of Construction employers saying their workers had experienced no near miss incidents (54%, down from 67% in 2015), while the proportion saying their workers had experienced one near miss incident increased (18%, up from 12% in 2015). Similarly, an increase in the proportion of Agriculture employers saying their workers had experienced one near miss was seen (17%, up from 10% in 2015) Proportion of employers whose workers experienced near misses in the last 12 months: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR NEAR MISSES n=349 n=270 n=221 n=362 n=358 % None 62% 54% 35% 67% 80% % One 17% 18% 16% 12% 7% % More than one 12% 19% 45% 16% 9% Base: Employers Q36 (E) In the last 12 months, as far as you know, how many times has someone working in your business had a near miss where they could have been seriously hurt at work? Health and safety training There were no differences in the proportion of employers whose workers had experienced a near miss in the last 12 months in relation to the proportion of workers in the business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in response to this question in relation to whether workers are involved in decisions affecting health and safety. 6.4 ACTIONS TAKEN IN RESPONSE TO SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS AND NEAR MISSES WORKERS Workers who had experienced a serious harm or near miss incident were asked what happened after the most recent incident. Action was taken after just over half (51%) of serious harm incidents and after six in ten (60%) near miss incidents. The proportion of workers who did nothing after a near miss incident decreased since 2015 (9%, down from 15%), while the proportion whose near miss was recorded increased (40%, up from 32% in 2015), as did the proportion of near misses being reported (50%, up from 43% in 2015). 124

131 6.4.1 Actions taken on the last occasion a serious harm incident or near miss occurred: Workers in the four high-risk sectors Total four high-risk sectors SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS n=493 n=365 n=257 Nothing, I didn t tell anyone 8% 4% 7% Reported but no action taken 10% 9% 13% Workers blamed 2% 4% 3% Recorded 37% 39% 33% Action Taken ACC claim made Reported 45% 47% 48% Action taken (e.g. Discussed to stop happening again, changed the way we did something) 56% 54% 51% - 41% 34% NEAR MISSES n=717 n=643 n=692 Nothing, I didn t tell anyone 18% 15% 9% Reported but no action taken 11% 7% 10% Workers blamed 1% 1% 2% Recorded 31% 32% 40% Action Taken Reported 46% 43% 50% Action taken (e.g. Discussed to stop happening again, changed the way we did something) 59% 62% 60% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors who have experienced a serious harm incident or health problem/near miss at work in the last 12 months Q40 (W): And what happened the last time you were seriously hurt or unwell at work? Q43 (W): What happened the last time you had a near miss at work? By sector Table shows what action was taken in each of the sectors following serious harm and near miss incidents. Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely to have recorded their serious harm incidents (55% cf. 33% overall), reported a serious harm incident (63% cf. 48%) or discussed a serious harm incident and taken action in response (71% cf. 51%). Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to have recorded their serious harm incident (49% cf. 33% over the other high-risk sectors). 125

132 Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely to have recorded their near miss incident (66% cf. 40%), reported a near miss incident (66% cf. 50%) or discussed a near miss incident and taken action in response (71% cf. 60%). Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to have reported their near miss incident (56% cf. 50% over the high-risk sectors overall). Since 2015, the proportion of workers in the Construction sector who did nothing after a near miss incident decreased (7%, down from 17% in 2015), while the proportion of workers in the Construction sector who recorded their near miss increased (46%, up from 29% in 2015) Action taken on last occasion serious harm incidents or near miss occurred: Workers by sector AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS n=77 n=53 n=36 n=91 n=44 Nothing, I didn t tell anyone 10% 8% 7% 3% 9% Reported but no action 2% 20% - 12% 13% Workers blamed - 5% 2% 4% 5% Action Taken Recorded 22% 32% 55% 49% 48% Reported 28% 60% 63% 51% 59% Action taken (e.g. Discussed to stop happening again, changed way we did something) 47% 51% 71% 57% 66% NEAR MISSES n=195 n=167 n=142 n=188 n=157 Nothing, I didn t tell anyone 11% 7% 5% 13% 17% Reported but no action 6% 11% 10% 15% 12% Workers blamed 1% 2% 4% 2% 1% Action Taken Recorded 25% 46% 66% 40% 38% Reported 32% 57% 66% 56% 49% Action taken (e.g. Discussed to stop happening again, changed way we did something) 63% 59% 71% 56% 53% Base: Workers who have experienced a serious harm incident or health problem/near miss at work in the last 12 months Q40 (W): And what happened the last time you were seriously hurt or unwell at work? Q43 (W): What happened the last time you had a near miss at work? 126

133 Health and safety training Workers in the four high-risk sectors who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to have reported (58% cf. 48% overall) or recorded (45% cf. 33%) a serious harm event, while workers who had never had health and safety training were less likely to have recorded a serious harm event (15% cf. 33%). There were no differences in relation to the action taken after a near miss incident and whether workers had or had not undertaken health and safety training. Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were more likely to have discussed or taken action following a near miss incident (67% cf. 60% overall), while there were no differences in relation to the action taken after serious harm incidents. EMPLOYERS Employers whose workers had experienced a serious harm or near miss incident were asked what happened after the most recent incident. As shown in Table 6.4.3, employers took action after nearly three-quarters (72%) of serious harm incidents and just over one-third (35%) of serious harm incidents were investigated. Nine in ten (91%) near miss incidents resulted in employers taking follow-up action. These results have remained relatively stable since

134 6.4.3 Actions taken on the last occasion a serious harm incident or near miss occurred: Employers from the four high-risk sectors TOTAL FOUR HIGH-RISK SECTORS SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS n=503 n=418 n=326 Nothing 5% 5% 5% NET recorded 57% 68% 75% NET action 59% 72% 72% NET investigated 31% 39% 35% Discipline against worker 6% 5% 7% Medical assistance sought 71% 76% 70% ACC claim filed - 45% 51% NEAR MISSES n=549 n=551 n=539 Nothing 6% 2% <0.5% NET recorded 51% 65% 68% NET action 86% 91% 91% Discipline against worker 10% 10% 12% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors whose business has experienced a serious harm incident or health problem/near miss in the last 12 months Q35 (E): What happened after the most recent incident when a person or people were seriously hurt at work? Q38 (E): What happened after the most recent near miss at work? By sector Table shows what action was taken in each of the sectors following the most recent serious harm and near miss incidents. Across the four high-risk sectors, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to have taken action following a serious harm incident (83% cf. 72% overall) or investigated a serious harm incident (70% cf. 35%). Employers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to have recorded (85% cf. 75% overall) or investigated (55% cf. 35%) a serious harm incident. Similarly, Forestry employers were more likely to have recorded near misses (85% cf. 68% overall), to have taken action about near miss incidents (98% cf. 91%) or taken disciplinary action against a worker (18% cf. 12%). Manufacturing employers were more likely to have recorded (81% cf. 68% overall) or taken action (96% cf. 91%) following a near miss incident. The proportion of Agriculture employers who recorded a serious harm incident has increased since 2015 (71%, up from 53% in 2015). 128

135 6.4.4 Actions taken on the last occasion a serious harm incident or near miss occurred: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR SERIOUS HARM INCIDENTS n=77 n=75 n=58 n=116 n=83 Nothing 6% 7% - 2% 5% NET recorded 71% 71% 84% 85% 86% NET action 71% 70% 83% 77% 84% NET investigated 26% 29% 70% 55% 78% Discipline against worker <0.5% 12% 4% 7% 18% NEAR MISSES n=116 n=131 n=143 n=149 n=99 Nothing 1% % NET recorded 57% 70% 85% 81% 68% NET action 91% 90% 98% 96% 82% Discipline against worker 6% 15% 18% 12% 3% Base: Employers whose workers have experienced a serious harm incident or health problems/near miss in the last 12 months Q35 (E): What happened after the most recent incident when a person or people were seriously hurt at work? Q38 (E): What happened after the most recent near miss at work? Health and safety training Employers in businesses in the four high-risk sectors where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say action was taken after a serious harm event (84% cf. 72% overall). In contrast to this, employers in businesses where none of their staff had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were less likely to say the incident was recorded (58% cf. 75%), action was taken (56% cf. 72%) or that the incident was investigated (19% cf. 35%). Similarly, employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say the incident was recorded after a near miss event (82% cf. 68% overall), while employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were less likely to say this occurred (46% cf. 68%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely say the incident was recorded following a near miss event (80% cf. 68% overall), however there were no differences in relation to serious harm events. 129

136 6.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND ACTIONS TAKEN AS A RESULT Workers and employers were asked what happened on the last occasion they noticed a hazard in their workplace or business. WORKERS Almost three-quarters (74%) of workers across the four high-risk sectors had noticed a hazard recently. Over four in ten (46%) workers said something was done immediately. Almost a third of workers (31%) said changes were made to the ways things were done and almost a third (31%) said the hazard was written into a hazard register or hazard board. Since 2015, increases were seen in the proportion of workers who did something immediately (46%, up from 40%), changed the way we did something (31%, up from 26%) and wrote the incident into a hazard board/register (31%, up from 24%). A decrease in the proportion of workers who had not noticed any new hazards (26%, down from 32%) was seen since Actions taken on the last occasion a hazard was noticed: Workers in the four high-risk sectors HAZARDS n=2287 n=2084 n=2172 Haven t noticed any 32% 32% 26% Did something Immediately (e.g. Stopped work till hazard removed) 42% 40% 46% Changed way we did something (e.g. Changed process to eliminate hazard) Written into hazard board/register 28% 26% 31% 22% 24% 31% Reported but no action 5% 5% 4% Nothing, I didn t tell anyone 1% 1% <0.5% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q44 (W) What happened the last time you noticed a new hazard at work? By sector Table shows what action was taken in each of the sectors after a hazard was noticed. Across the four highrisk sectors, workers in the Agriculture sector were more likely to say they hadn t noticed any new hazards (39% cf. 26% overall in the four high-risk sectors). Workers in the Forestry sector (60%) and Construction sector (52%) were more likely to say that something was done immediately, compared with 46% overall. 130

137 Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to say they reported a hazard but nothing happened as a result (9% cf. 4% overall), while workers in the Forestry industry were more likely to say that the hazard was written into a hazard register or hazard board (59% cf. 31% overall). A number of increases were seen in the Agriculture sector, with workers saying something was done immediately (32%, up from 25% in 2015), they changed the way we did something (29%, up from 22%) and the hazard was written into a hazard board/register (23%, up from 17% in 2015). The hazard being written into a hazard board/register also increased in the Construction sector (34%, up from 27% in 2015) and the Other sector (19%, up from 15%). Decreases were seen in the Agriculture sector in the proportion of workers who had not noticed any new hazards (39%, down from 47% in 2015) and the Manufacturing sector (24%, down from 30%) Actions taken on the last occasion a hazard was noticed: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR HAZARD n=685 n=557 n=317 n=613 n=1060 Haven t noticed any 39% 20% 12% 24% 47% Did something immediately (e.g. Stopped work till hazard removed) Changed way we did something (e.g. Changed process to eliminate hazard) Written into hazard board/register 32% 52% 60% 47% 32% 29% 34% 35% 23% 18% 23% 34% 59% 30% 19% Reported but no action 3% 3% 3% 9% 5% Nothing <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% 1% Base: Workers Q44 (W) What happened the last time you noticed a new hazard at work? Health and safety training Workers in the four high-risk sectors who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say the following happened after noticing a new hazard: We did something immediately (e.g. put up a hazard sign, stopped work, fixed or removed the hazard) (55% cf. 46% overall) I / we changed the way we did something (35% cf. 31%) It was written into the hazard register or hazard board (38% cf. 31%). 131

138 Workers who had never had health and safety training were more likely to say they hadn t noticed any new hazards (45% cf. 26% overall) or they reported it but nothing happened (6% cf. 4%). Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were more likely to say they changed the way we did something after noticing a new hazard in their workplace (35% cf. 31% overall). EMPLOYERS Almost two-thirds (65%) of employers had noticed a new hazard at their business recently. Over a third of employers (35%) said that something was done immediately in response and over four in ten (43%) said processes were changed to eliminate, isolate or minimize the hazard. A significant decrease in the proportion of employers who had not noticed any new hazards was seen (35%, down from 41% in 2015), while a significant increase in the proportion who changed their processes was seen since 2015 (43%, up from 37%). Furthermore, just over one-third (35%) of employers wrote the hazard into a register or onto a board, this increasing over time since 2014 (22% in 2014, 30% in 2015, up to 35% in 2016) Actions taken on the last occasion a hazard was noticed: Employers in the four high-risk sectors HAZARDS n=1350 n=1502 n=1222 Haven t noticed any 44% 41% 35% Did something immediately (e.g. Stopped work till hazard removed) Changed our processes (to eliminate, isolate or minimise the hazard) Written into hazard board/register 34% 31% 35% 35% 37% 43% 22% 30% 35% Nothing 1% 1% <0.5% Base: Employers Q39 (E) What happened the last time you noticed a new hazard at your business? By sector Table shows what action was taken in each of the sectors after a hazard was noticed. Across the four highrisk sectors, employers in the Manufacturing sector (42%) and Agriculture sector (39%) were more likely to say they had not noticed any new hazards, compared with 35% overall. 132

139 Employers in the Construction sector were more likely to say they changed the way they do something as a result (50% cf. 43% overall), as well as write the hazard into a board/register (42% cf. 35%). Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to say action was taken immediately (59% cf. 35%), they changed the way they do something as a result (63% cf. 43%) and that the hazard was written into a hazard register/board (73% cf. 35%). Significant increases were seen in the Construction sector (50%, up from 39%) and Other sector (32%, up from 22%) since 2015 in changing the way they do something. In the Other sector, increases in the proportion of employers who did something immediately (33%, up from 22%) and having the hazard written into a hazard board/register (26%, up from 14%) were seen since In contrast to this, decreases were seen in the proportion who had not noticed any new hazards in the Agriculture sector (39%, down from 48% in 2015) and the Other sector (47%, down from 61% in 2015) Actions taken on the last occasion a hazard was noticed: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR HAZARDS n=354 n=274 n=231 n=363 n=366 Haven t noticed any 39% 29% 11% 42% 47% Did something immediately (e.g. Stopped work till hazard removed) Changed way we did something (e.g. Changed our process to eliminate hazard) Written into hazard board/register 30% 40% 59% 31% 33% 35% 50% 63% 41% 32% 28% 42% 73% 27% 26% Nothing <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 2% Base: Employers Q39 (E) What happened the last time you noticed a new hazard at your business? Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to say the following actions were taken after noticing a new hazard: Action was taken immediately (e.g. put up a hazard sign, stopped work, fixed or removed the hazard, alerted others) (40% cf. 35% overall) We changed our processes to eliminate, isolate or minimize the hazard (49% cf. 43%) It was written into the hazard register or hazard board (43% cf. 35%). Employers in businesses where none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were also more likely to say they had not noticed any new hazards (46% cf. 35% overall). 133

140 Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say the hazard was written into a hazard register after noticing a new hazard (38% cf. 35% overall). 134

141 SECTION 7: APPROACHES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE NEW ZEALAND WORKFORCE 135

142 7 APPROACHES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE NEW ZEALAND WORKFORCE 7.1 UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS The government uses legislation to regulate health and safety in workplaces. Workers have legal responsibilities in relation to workplace health and safety and their rights are protected in law. Employers have legal obligations for health and safety and must know both what these obligations are and how to comply with them. Workers were asked how aware they were of their legal responsibilities and rights, and employers were asked how aware they were of their obligations as an employer and if they understood how to comply with these obligations. Readers should note that the 2014 and 2015 surveys were carried out before the current health and safety legislation came into effect (the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 came into effect on 4 April 2016). The new legislation was being drafted when the 2015 survey was carried out and was the subject of discussion and media interest. The responses to these survey questions should be considered with this context in mind. Workers and employers were asked how confident they were about their responsibilities, rights and obligations. They responded on a 5-point scale ranging from not at all confident (1) through to very confident (5). The claimed level of knowledge was not tested in any way. However, it should be noted that the 2014 qualitative research suggests that, had respondents been asked to list their legal responsibilities, rights and obligations, few would have been able to do so. These results, therefore, are simply a measure of perceptions of knowledge, rather than a measure of actual knowledge. The questions workers and employers were asked about are shown in Table and For the four high-risk sectors overall results show: For workers: o 67% said they were confident (4 and 5 on the scale) they knew their responsibilities o 67% said they were confident they knew their rights For employers: o 66% were confident that they were aware of their obligations as an employer o 61% were confident that they understood how to comply with these obligations. There were no significant differences between the 2014, 2015 and 2016 results at the overall level. 136

143 7.1.1 Awareness and understanding of health and safety responsibilities and rights: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS How confident are you that you are fully aware of what your legal responsibilities are as a worker, in terms of workplace health and safety 63% confident 63% confident 67% confident How confident are you that you are fully aware of what your rights are as a worker, in terms of workplace health and safety 65% confident 65% confident 67% confident Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q51 (W) How confident are you? (5-point scale where 1= not at all confident and 5= very confident) Awareness of, and compliance with, health and safety obligations: The four high-risk sectors EMPLOYERS How confident do you feel that you are fully aware of your health and safety obligations as an employer 67% confident 65% confident 66% confident How confident do you feel that you understand how to comply with these health and safety obligations 62% confident 59% confident 61% confident Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n=1233) Q48 (E) How confident do you feel that? (5-point scale where 1= not at all confident and 5= very confident) 137

144 WORKERS By sector Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely than workers in the high-risk sectors overall to say that they were confident that they were fully aware of their legal responsibilities (80% cf. 67% overall) and workers in the Forestry and Manufacturing sectors were more likely to say that they were confident that they were fully aware of their rights (81% and 70%, respectively, cf. 67%). Workers in the Agriculture sector were less likely than workers in the high-risk sectors overall to say they were confident that they were fully aware of their legal responsibilities (60% cf. 67% overall) or were fully aware of their rights (59% cf. 67%). While there was not a significant increase between 2015 (56%) and 2016 (60%), workers in the Agriculture sector were more likely to say they were confident they were fully aware of their legal responsibilities in 2016, compared with 2014 (52%). Workers in the Agriculture sector were also more likely to say they were very confident that they were fully aware of their rights in 2016 (36%), compared with 2015 (29%) Confidence in knowledge about health and safety rights and responsibilities: Workers and Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR WORKERS n= n= n=317 n= n=1061 Confident about responsibilities 60% 69% 80% 68% 63% Confident about rights 59% 69% 81% 70% 64% EMPLOYERS n=361 n=272 n=232 n=368 n= Confident about obligations Confident know how to comply 62% 64% 87% 73% 70% 55% 60% 86% 69% 65% Base: All Workers and all Employers Q51 (W)/Q48 (E) Level of confidence felt (5-point scale where 1= not at all confident and 5= very confident) Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to be confident that they: are fully aware of their legal responsibilities (74% cf. 48%) are fully aware of their rights as a worker (76% cf. 46%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to say they were confident that they: are fully aware of their legal responsibilities (75% cf. 67% overall) are fully aware of their rights as a worker (75% cf. 67%). 138

145 EMPLOYERS By sector As Table shows, employers in the Forestry and Manufacturing sectors were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to say they were confident that they: are fully aware of their health and safety obligations as an employer (87% and 73%, respectively, cf. 66% overall) understand how to comply with these obligations (86% and 69%, respectively, cf. 61%). Agriculture sector employers were less likely to say they were confident that they understand how to comply with these obligations (55% cf. 61% overall). In 2015, there was a decrease in the proportion of employers in the Agriculture sector who said that they were confident about their awareness of their legal obligations (down from 64% in 2014 to 55% in 2015). The proportion who said they were confident has increased in 2016 (to 62%) but remains marginally lower than in In 2015, there was also a decrease in the proportion of employers in the Agriculture sector who said that they were confident about knowing how to comply (down from 59% in 2014 to 49%). The proportion who said they were confident has increased in 2016 (to 55%), although the increase is not statistically significant. Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to say that they were confident that they: are fully aware of their health and safety obligations (76% cf. 52%) understand how to comply with these obligations (73% cf. 48%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say they were confident that they: are fully aware of their health and safety obligations (75% cf. 66% overall) understand how to comply with these obligations (71% cf. 61%). 7.2 INFLUENCES ON WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES AND REASONS FOR CHANGES Employers were asked two questions about changes to health and safety systems or practices and their reasons for making these changes. The questions asked were: In the last 12 months, has your business made any significant changes to its health and safety systems or practices? Thinking about the changes made to your health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months, why did the business make this change? 139

146 CHANGES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEMS OR PRACTICES Overall, across the four high-risk sectors, the proportion of employers saying that they had made a significant change to their business s health and safety systems or practices has continued to increase (up from 40% in 2014 and 50% in 2015 to 65% in 2016) Proportion of employers saying they had made significant changes to their health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months EMPLOYERS 65% 40% 50% 2014 (n=1330) 2015 (n=1490) 2016 (n=1218) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (excluding not answered) Q41(E) In the last 12 months, has your business made any significant changes to its health and safety systems or practices? By sector Employers in the Construction sector were more likely than employers overall to say that they had made significant changes to their health and safety systems or practices (70% cf. 65% overall), while those in the Agriculture sector were less likely to have made any changes (59%). As shown in Table 7.2.2, the proportion of employers saying that changes had been made to health and safety systems or practices has increased since 2014 in all the high-risk sectors except for Forestry: Agriculture: up from 34% in 2014 and 45% in 2015 to 59% in 2016 Construction: up from 49% and 55% to 70% Manufacturing: up from 38% and 49% to 61%. The proportion of employers in the Forestry sector who said that changes had been made to health and safety systems or practices has continued to decrease since 2014 (69% in 2016, down from 72% in 2015 and 76% in 2014), although the decreases are not statistically significant. 140

147 7.2.2 Proportion of employers saying they had made significant changes in their health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months: By sector EMPLOYERS AGRICULTURE 34% 45% 59% CONSTRUCTION 49% 55% 70% FORESTRY 76% 72% 69% MANUFACTURING 38% 49% 61% OTHER 22% 25% 50% Base: Employers whose business made significant changes to health and safety practices in last 12 months: Agriculture (2014 n=369; 2015 n=408; 2016 n=354) Construction (2014 n=342; 2015 n=389; 2016 n=273) Forestry (2014 n=265; 2015 n=271; 2016 n=228) Manufacturing (2014 n=354; 2015 n=422; 2016 n=363) Other sector (2014 n=314; 2015 n=401; 2016 n=364) Q41 (E) In the last 12 months, has your business made any significant changes to its health and safety systems or practices? Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to say that changes had been made to health and safety systems or practices (75% cf. 49%). Opportunities for engagement There were no significant difference in results for employers whose workers are involved in decisions. REASONS FOR CHANGES TO HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEMS OR PRACTICES When employers were asked directly why their business had made changes, the most common reasons were: On going improvements to your workplace health and safety (mentioned by 82%) Learning more about best practice through information or education (59%) Improvements in industry practice (46%). These were also the reasons most commonly given in 2014 and

148 7.2.3 Influences leading to significant changes in health and safety systems or practices: Employers in the four high-risk sectors On-going improvements to your workplace health and safety Learning more about best practice through information or education Improvements in industry practice A change one of my workers suggested to improve workplace health and safety A health and safety issue/problem raised by one of my workers A workplace inspection by a health and safety inspector A near miss New/impending legislation changes An accident Any other reason 46% 43% 44% 59% 61% 56% 82% 77% 78% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors who made significant changes to health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months (2014 n=721; 2015 n=879; 2016 n=824) Q42(E) Thinking about the changes made to your health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months, why did the business make this change? Was this in response to..? 12% - - 8% - - 7% 11% 8% 5% 5% 7% 5% 3% 1% 4% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% By sector Overall across the four high-risk sectors there were relatively high proportions of employers (at least seven in ten) that said they had made changes to health and safety practices in the last 12 months as a result of on going improvements. Employers in the Agriculture sector were less likely than those in the high-risk sectors overall to make changes because of: on going improvements to your workplace health and safety (75% cf. 82% overall) a health and safety issue/problem raised by one of my workers (5% cf. 8%). In the Construction sector, the proportion of employers making changes as a result of improvements in industry practice (56%) was higher than overall (46%). 142

149 Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to have made changes as a result of: on going improvements to your workplace health and safety (88% cf. 82% overall) improvements in industry practice (58% cf. 46%) a workplace inspection by a health and safety inspector (18% cf. 7%) new/impending legislation changes (15% cf. 5%). The proportion of employers in the Forestry sector making changes as a result of learning more about best practice through information or education (50%) was lower than overall (59%). In the Manufacturing sector, employers were more likely to have made changes as a result of: a change one of my workers suggested to improve workplace health and safety (19% cf. 12% overall) a health and safety issue/problem raised by one of my workers (12% cf. 8%) a workplace inspection by a health and safety inspector (13% cf. 7%) new/impending legislation changes (9% cf. 5%). The proportion of employers in the Manufacturing sector making changes due to learning more about best practice was lower than overall (49% cf. 59%). The proportion of employers in the Forestry sector making changes because of a near miss (7%) is lower than in 2014 (15%), while the proportion of employers in the Manufacturing sector making changes due to a workplace inspection by a health and safety inspector (13%) is lower than in 2015 (25%) and similar to the 2014 level (11%). 143

150 7.2.4 Influences leading to significant changes in health and safety systems or practices: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=220) CONSTRUCTION (n=207) FORESTRY (n=161) MANUFACTURING (n=236) OTHER SECTOR (n=217) On-going improvements to your workplace health and safety Learning more about best practice through information or education Improvements in industry practice A change one of my workers suggested to improve workplace health and safety A health and safety issue/problem raised by one of my workers A workplace inspection by a Health and Safety inspector 75% 86% 88% 83% 73% 59% 64% 50% 49% 64% 42% 56% 58% 31% 47% 9% 12% 13% 19% 16% 5% 9% 6% 12% 11% 6% 5% 18% 13% 3% A near miss 3% 5% 7% 8% 5% New/impending legislation changes 6% 4% 15% 9% 14% An accident 4% 2% 6% 6% 4% Base: Employers who made significant changes to health and safety systems in the last 12 months Q42(E) Thinking about the changes made to your health and safety systems or practices in the last 12 months, why did the business make this change? Was this in response to..? Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to say they had made changes due to on going improvements to your workplace health and safety (83% cf. 73%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to have made changes due to on going improvements to your workplace health and safety (88% cf. 82% overall). 144

151 SECTION 8: ADVICE AND INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY, AS WELL AS PERCEPTIONS OF, AND CONTACT WITH, WORKSAFE 145

152 8 ADVICE AND INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY, AS WELL AS PERCEPTIONS OF, AND CONTACT WITH, WORKSAFE This section describes: The sources of advice workers and employers use for information about health and safety Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe Contact with WorkSafe Use of information and guidance (employers only) Preferred formats for information and guidance What WorkSafe should focus on to improve health and safety. 8.1 SOURCES OF ADVICE Workers and employers were asked: If you need advice in the next few weeks about something to do with health and safety, who would you go to? When looking at the results, it is important to note the following: A number of the response options in this question were tailored for each of the sectors. For example, the list of options for workers and employers in the Agriculture sector included an industry organisation (e.g. Federated Farmers) whereas for Construction sector respondents, this option read an industry organisation (e.g. Master Builders, Master Plumbers). These sector-specific response options have been flagged in the charts below Some of the response options presented were asked only of certain sectors. For example, SiteSafe was provided as an option only for workers and employers in the Construction sector Two response options, Safetree 11 and Business.govt.nz, were new in 2016, and two, WorkSafe and internet/google, were new in In the 2014 survey, workers and employers were asked if they had sought advice from a Government agency (e.g. WorkSafe). In 2015, WorkSafe was a separate option and the option about government agencies was modified to a Government agency other than WorkSafe (e.g. ACC). Because of the additional response options in 2015 and 2016, it is not possible to directly compare the results from the three surveys. WORKERS In the four high-risk sectors, the most common sources of advice about health and safety for workers were my boss (45%) and WorkSafe (44%), followed by the health and safety representative at my workplace (38%) and the internet/google (30%). The proportions of workers seeking advice from WorkSafe, the health and safety representative at their workplace and the internet/google have all increased since 2015 (up from 39%, 31% and 11 Safetree was only asked of the Agriculture and Forestry sectors. 146

153 26%, respectively), as has the proportion who would seek health and safety advice from my mentor/someone I work with that I trust (15%, up from 11% in 2015). Construction sector workers were also asked if they would seek advice from SiteSafe (a national, not-for-profit organisation that focuses on health and safety culture in construction and related industries). One-quarter (26%) of Construction workers said they would seek advice from this source, which was the fifth most popular source among these workers. Agriculture and Forestry sector workers were also asked if they would seek advice from Safetree and 1% and 23% respectively, said they would Sources of advice about health and safety: Workers from the four high-risk sectors My boss % 44% 45% WorkSafe NZ The health and safety rep at my workplace 38% 44% 39% - 31% 33% Internet /Google 30% 26% - A friend who works in the same industry Someone in management An industry organisation My mentor / someone I work with that I trust A trade supplier A Government agency other than WorkSafe NZ (e.g. ACC) A union / a union representative Business.govt.nz My accountant or my lawyer 22% 21% 16% 15% 9% 8% 5% 4% 3% 20% 18% 18% 18% 16% 16% 11% 12% 10% 9% 9% 25% 5% 6% - - 3% 3% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=2289; 2015 n=2092; 2016 n=2174) Q56 (W) If you need advice in the next few weeks about something to do with health and safety, who would you go to? Note: Use with caution: details of response options vary between sectors By sector For three of the four high risk sectors, the most commonly cited places workers would go if they needed health and safety advice were their boss, WorkSafe NZ and the health and safety rep at their workplace. Agriculture workers more frequently said they would seek advice from an industry organisation, rather than a health and safety rep at their workplace. 147

154 WorkSafe (45%) was most commonly mentioned by workers in the Agriculture sector, my boss and WorkSafe were most commonly mentioned by workers in the Construction sector (48% and 47%, respectively), my boss (70%) was most commonly mentioned by workers in the Forestry sector, and the health and safety rep at my workplace (61%) and my boss (58%) were most commonly mentioned by workers in the Manufacturing sector Three most frequently mentioned sources of advice: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=686) CONSTRUCTION (n=560) FORESTRY (n=317) MANUFACTURING (n=611) 1 45% WorkSafe 48% My boss 70% My boss 61% safety rep at The health and my workplace OTHER SECTOR (n=1063) 52% My boss The health and 2 An industry 31% organisation 47% WorkSafe 50% safety rep at my workplace 58% My boss 48% The health and safety rep at my workplace 30% My boss 42% safety rep at 49% WorkSafe 32% WorkSafe 29% WorkSafe 3 The health and my workplace Base: Workers Q56 (W) If you need advice in the next few weeks about something to do with health and safety, who would you go to? Agriculture workers were more likely than workers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: an industry organisation (31% cf. 16% overall) a trade supplier (11% cf. 9%). Workers in the Construction sector were more likely than workers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: the health and safety rep at my workplace (42% cf. 38% overall) the internet/google (35% cf. 30%) someone in management (other than my boss) (25% cf. 21%) my mentor/someone I work with that I trust (18% cf. 15%). Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely than workers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: my boss (70% cf. 45% overall) the health and safety rep at my workplace (50% cf. 38%) WorkSafe (49% cf. 44%) someone in management (other than my boss) (38% cf. 21%) a friend who works in the same industry (29% cf. 22%) my mentor/someone I work with that I trust (19% cf. 15%). 148

155 Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely than workers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: the health and safety rep at my workplace (61% cf. 38% overall) my boss (58% cf. 45%) someone in management (other than my boss) (26% cf. 21%) a union/a union representative (18% cf. 5%). Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to say they would seek health and safety advice from: my boss (54% cf. 31%) the health and safety rep at my workplace (49% cf. 20%) WorkSafe NZ (47% cf. 39%) internet/google (31% cf. 25%) someone in management (other than my boss) (27% cf. 8%) my mentor / someone I work with that I trust (17% cf. 8%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to say they would seek health and safety advice from WorkSafe (47% cf. 44% overall), an industry organisation (18% cf. 16%), or a Government agency other than WorkSafe (e.g. ACC) (9% cf. 8%). EMPLOYERS Two-thirds (66%) of employers mentioned WorkSafe as a source of advice about health and safety. This made WorkSafe the most commonly mentioned source of advice. The internet/google (42%), health and safety consultants (39%) and an industry organisation (36%) were the next most commonly mentioned sources of advice. The proportion of employers seeking advice from WorkSafe increased (up from 59% in 2015), while the proportion seeking advice from an accountant or lawyer decreased (down from 12% in 2015). Construction sector employers were also asked if they would seek advice from SiteSafe and under onehalf (46%) said they would do so. Forestry sector employers were also asked if they would seek advice from Safetree and almost one-half (48%) said they would seek advice from this source. 149

156 8.1.3 Sources of advice about health and safety: Employers from the four high-risk sectors WorkSafe NZ 66% % - Internet/Google health and safety consultants An industry organisation 42% 39% 36% 40% - 37% 36% 39% 40% A trade supplier Other employers A Government agency Business.govt.nz My accountant or my lawyer 21% 21% 15% 14% 8% 22% 11% 19% 19% 17% % 6% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=1352; 2015 n=1501; 2016 n=1235 ) Q53 (E) If you need advice for your business in the next few weeks about something to do with health and safety, who would you go to? Note: Use with caution: details of response options vary between sectors. By sector WorkSafe was the most common source of advice for employers across the four high-risk sectors, followed by an industry organisation among Agriculture and Forestry sector employers, SiteSafe among Construction employers and the internet/google among Manufacturing sector employers Top three places advice would be sought: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=361) CONSTRUCTION (n=273) FORESTRY (n=232) MANUFACTURING (n=369) OTHER SECTOR (n=367) 1 65% WorkSafe 65% WorkSafe 86% WorkSafe 69% WorkSafe 64% WorkSafe 2 52% An industry organisation 46% SiteSafe 51% An industry organisation 52% Internet/ Google 41% Internet/ Google 3 40% Internet/ Google 40% Health and safety 48% consultants Health and safety consultants 45% Health and safety 34% consultants Base: Employers Q53 (E) If you need advice for your business in the next few weeks about something to do with health and safety, who would you go to? Health and safety consultants 150

157 Agriculture employers were more likely than employers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: an industry organisation (52% cf. 36% overall) my accountant or lawyer (15% cf. 8%). The proportion of Agriculture employers seeking advice from WorkSafe increased (65%, up from 53% in 2015). Construction employers were more likely than employers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: Hazard Co (7% cf. 4% overall). Forestry employers were more likely than employers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: WorkSafe (86% cf. 66% overall) an industry organisation (51% cf. 36%) health and safety consultants (48% cf. 39%) other employers (29% cf. 21%). Employers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely than employers in the four high-risk sectors overall to seek advice from: the internet/google (52% cf. 42% overall) health and safety consultants (45% cf. 39%) business.govt.nz (22% cf. 14%) a Government agency other than WorkSafe (e.g. ACC) (19% cf. 15%). Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to seek advice from: WorkSafe (71% cf. 60%) health and safety consultants (45% cf. 29%) other employers (24% cf. 17%) a Government agency other than WorkSafe (e.g. ACC) (18% cf. 12%) business.govt.nz (17% cf. 11%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to seek advice from: WorkSafe (70% cf. 66% overall) other employers (24% cf. 21%). 151

158 8.2 AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF WORKSAFE In the 2014, 2015 and 2016 surveys workers and employers were asked the following questions about WorkSafe: If they were aware of WorkSafe before the survey and how much they knew about them What, if any, types of contact they had with the organisation in the last 12 months How likely it was that a WorkSafe inspector would visit their workplace/business in the next 12 months Workers only were asked if they knew that they could contact WorkSafe about a variety of matters. In 2016, workers and employers who had accessed WorkSafe s website were also asked what, if anything, they did as a consequence. Respondents were asked to respond using a 5-point scale (where 1 represented never heard of them before this survey and 5 represented I know a lot about them). Those who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were asked about their perceptions of WorkSafe and their confidence and trust in the organisation. Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe In 2016, a third of workers (35%) and four in ten (43%) employers in the four high-risk sectors said they know about WorkSafe (know a lot or quite a lot). In addition, over four in ten workers (46%) and employers (45%) said that they know a little bit about the organisation. Fewer than two in ten (17%) workers and one in ten (10%) employers said that they had never heard of WorkSafe or had heard of them but don t know anything about them. Overall: For workers, awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe (know a lot or quite a lot about them) increased from almost one-sixth (14%) in 2014, to one-quarter (25%) in 2015, and to more than one-third (35%) in For employers, awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe increased from around one-fifth (22%) in 2014, to one-third (34%) in 2015, and to more than two-fifths (43%) in

159 8.2.1 Level of awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe: Workers from the four high-risk sectors I know a lot about them I know quite a lot about them I know a little bit about them Have heard of them but don't know anything about them Never heard of them before this survey Not sure 39% 28% 17% Know about them (NET) 14% 25% 35% 3% 7% 9% 11% 18% 26% 46% 46% 19% 8% 13% 4% 2% 2% 2% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=2260; 2015 n=2077; 2016 n=2161) Q70 (W) Before this survey what, if anything, did you know about the organisation WorkSafe NZ? For workers, there were increases between 2014 and 2015 in the proportions who said they know a lot, quite a lot or a little bit about WorkSafe. This was accompanied by decreases in the proportions who had heard of them but don t know anything about them or had never heard of them before this survey. As Chart shows, the proportion of workers who: know a lot about WorkSafe has increased from 2014 to 2015 (from 3% in 2014 to 7% in 2015); the results for 2016 suggest that this trend is continuing but the 2016 figure (9%) is not significantly different from the 2015 one know quite a lot about WorkSafe has also increased over time (up from 11% in 2014 to 18% in 2015 and then to 26% in 2016) have heard of WorkSafe but don t know anything about them has continued to decrease over each year of the survey (down from 28% in 2014 to 19% in 2015 and to 13% in 2016). 153

160 8.2.2 Level of awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Know about them (NET) 22% 34% 43% I know a lot about them I know quite a lot about them I know a little bit about them 7% 8% 15% 26% 43% 14% 29% Have heard of them but don't know anything about them Never heard of them before this survey 23% 48% 45% Not sure 12% 10% 9% 4% 2% 2% 1% 2% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2014 n=1335; 2015 n=1496; 2016 n=1231) Q66 (E) Before this survey what, if anything, did you know about the organisation called WorkSafe NZ? Levels of awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe among employers have continued to increase since As Chart shows: Between 2015 and 2016 there has been an increase in the proportion of employers who said they know a lot about WorkSafe (up from 8% in 2015 to 14% in 2016) The proportion of employers who said they know quite a lot about WorkSafe increased between 2014 and 2015 and, while there has not been a significant increase between 2015 and 2016, the proportion of employers who said this continues to trend upwards. Since the survey began, there has been a decrease each year in the proportion of employers who said that they had never heard of [WorkSafe] before this survey (from 23% in 2014 to 12% in 2015 and to 9% in 2016). 154

161 WORKERS By sector In Agriculture and Construction there have been increases from 2015 to 2016 in the proportion of workers who said they know about WorkSafe. Most of this increase is in the proportion of workers saying they know quite a lot about WorkSafe. There were increases in all four high-risk sectors between 2014 and As in 2015, workers in the Forestry sector were more likely than workers in the other high-risk sectors to say that they know a lot/quite a lot about WorkSafe (58% cf. 35% overall), as were workers in the Construction sector (40% cf. 35% overall). Manufacturing workers were less likely to say this (22% cf. 35%). Other sector workers (21%) were less likely to say they know a lot/quite a lot about WorkSafe compared with the 5 sectors overall (30%) Level of awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=687) CONSTRUCTION (n=556) FORESTRY (n=316) MANUFACTURING (n=602) OTHER SECTOR (n=1062) I know a lot about them 8% 10% 23% 6% 6% I know quite a lot about them I know a little bit about them 24% 30% 34% 16% 15% 47% 47% 30% 44% 41% Have heard of but don t know anything about them 15% 10% 8% 22% 26% Never heard of them 4% 3% 3% 10% 11% Not sure 3% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2016 NET: Know a lot/quite a lot 2015 NET: Know a lot/quite a lot 2014 NET: Know a lot/quite a lot 32% 40% 58% 22% 21% 24% 27% 49% 20% 16% 12% 17% 30% 10% 10% Base: Workers Q70 (W) Before this survey, what, if anything, did you know about the organisation WorkSafe NZ? 155

162 Health and safety training Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe (know a lot or quite a lot about them) was higher among workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months than among those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training (42% cf. 20%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to know a lot or quite a lot about WorkSafe than workers overall (40% cf. 35% overall). EMPLOYERS By sector In 2016, as in 2015, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than employers in the other highrisk sectors to say they know about WorkSafe (80% cf. 43% overall). There have been increases in the proportion of employers in Agriculture (up from 26% in 2015 to 39% in 2016) and the Other sector (up from 22% in 2015 to 36% in 2016) who know a lot/quite a lot about WorkSafe. This follows significant increases between 2014 and 2015 in employers who know about WorkSafe in all sectors except Construction. In the Construction and Manufacturing sectors the proportions have continued to rise but the changes from 2015 to 2016 are not significant. For the Construction sector, the 2016 figure (43%) is significantly higher than the 2014 one (29%). In the Forestry sector the results for 2016 are similar to those of

163 8.2.4 Level of awareness of WorkSafe: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=360) CONSTRUCTION (n=272) FORESTRY (n=232) MANUFACTURING (n=367) OTHER SECTOR (n=364) I know a lot about them I know quite a lot about them I know a little bit about them 8% 16% 38% 17% 13% 31% 26% 43% 32% 23% 49% 45% 17% 39% 40% Have heard of but don t know anything about them 9% 9% 2% 10% 17% Never heard of them 1% 1% <0.5% 2% 6% Not sure 1% 2% <0.5% 1% 1% 2016 NET: know a lot/quite a lot 2015 NET: know a lot/quite a lot 2014 NET: know a lot/quite a lot 39% 43% 80% 48% 36% 26% 37% 82% 42% 22% 18% 29% 66% 18% 15% Base: Employers Q66 (E) Before this survey, what, if anything, did you know about the organisation WorkSafe NZ? Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to say they know a lot/quite a lot about WorkSafe (50% cf. 43%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to say they know a lot/quite a lot about WorkSafe (47% cf. 43% overall). 157

164 8.3 PERCEPTIONS, TRUST AND CONFIDENCE In 2016, a new question was asked of both workers and employers about their perceptions of, and trust and confidence, in WorkSafe. Workers were asked to what extent they agree WorkSafe: helps workers in your industry understand the health and safety issues and risks they face is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work is doing a good job helping workers to be healthy at work is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand is a trustworthy organisation is an organisation I can have confidence in. Similarly, employers were asked to what extent they agree WorkSafe: helps businesses understand their health and safety issues and risks is doing a good job helping businesses improve workplace safety is doing a good job helping businesses keep people healthy at work is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand works effectively with businesses like mine is a trustworthy organisation is an organisation I can have confidence in. WORKERS As Chart shows, between half and almost two-thirds of workers agreed (strongly agree or agree) with each of the statements. The highest level of agreement (64%) was that WorkSafe helps workers understand health and safety issues. Six in ten (60%) workers agreed that WorkSafe is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work but fewer workers (54%) agreed that Worksafe is doing a good job helping workers to be healthy at work. Around a half (53%) of workers agreed that WorkSafe is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand. Similar proportions of workers thought that WorkSafe was a trustworthy organisation (56%) and one that they can have confidence in (54%). Between two and three out of ten workers did not have a view about the statements either way (i.e. they neither agreed nor disagreed). 158

165 8.3.1 Perceptions of WorkSafe: Workers from the four high-risk sectors, 2016 Helps workers in your industry understand the health and safety issues and risks they face (n=1681) 3% 9% 2% 22% 30% 34% Is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work (n=1683) 2% 6% 7% 25% 34% 25% Is doing a good job helping workers to be healthy at work (n=1678) 8% 2% 11% 25% 32% 23% Is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand (n=1673) 8% 9% 2% 29% 29% 24% Is a trustworthy organisation (n=1675) 11% 3% 7% 23% 30% 26% Is an organisation I can have confidence in (n=1678) 3% 9% 9% 25% 31% 24% Don't know Strongly disagree Disagree Neither agree or disagree Agree Strongly agree Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (n= ) Q120 (W) To what extent do you agree or disagree that WorkSafe: Note: Some of the figures in the text do not match with the sum of the strongly agree/agree figures in the chart due to rounding. By sector Workers in the Foresty and Manufacturing sectors were more likely to agree that WorkSafe: is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work (67%, 65%, respectively, cf. 60% overall) is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand (61%, 62%, respectively, cf. 53%) is a trustworthy organisation (64%, 66%, respectively, cf. 56%). Workers in the Manufacturing sector were also more likely to agree that WorkSafe is an organisation they can have confidence in (66% cf. 54%). There were no other differences across the sectors in relation to workers perceptions of WorkSafe and the trust and confidence they had in the organisation. 159

166 8.3.2 Perceptions, trust and confidence Helps workers in your industry understand the health and safety issues and risks they face Is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work Is doing a good job helping workers to be healthy at work AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) 64% 63% 68% 65% 57% 57% 59% 67% 65% 55% 50% 55% 53% 57% 45% Is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand 49% 52% 61% 62% 51% Is a trustworthy organisation 48% 58% 64% 66% 62% Is an organisation I can have confidence in Base: All respondents (excluding not answered) (n= ) Q120 (W) Do while / after visiting the WorkSafe website 46% 55% 59% 66% 56% Health and safety training Workers who had never had health and safety training were less likely to agree that WorkSafe is a trustworthy organisation (49% cf. 56% overall in the four high-risk sectors). Opportunities for engagement Workers in the four high-risk sectors who are involved in decisions were more likely to agree with all of these statements about WorkSafe. Those involved in decisions were more likely to agree that WorkSafe: helps workers in their industry understand the health and safety issues and risks they face (68% cf. 64% overall) is doing a good job helping workers to be safe at work (65% cf. 60%) is doing a good job helping workers to be healthy at work (57% cf. 54%) is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand (56% cf. 53%) is a trustworthy organisation (61% cf. 56%) is an organisation I can have confidence in (58% cf. 54%). EMPLOYERS As shown in Chart seven in ten (69%) employers agreed that WorkSafe helps businesses to understand their health and safety issues and risks. Around six in ten agreed that WorkSafe is doing a good job helping businesses to improve workplace safety (59%) and helping businesses keep people healthy at work (57%). However, a lower proportion (41%) agreed that WorkSafe works effectively with businesses like mine. 160

167 Half (50%) of employers agreed that WorkSafe is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand. As for workers, similar proportions of employers agreed that WorkSafe is a trustworthy organisation (53%) and is an organisation they can have confidence in (50%). Also like workers, between two and three out of ten employers did not have a view about the statements either way (i.e. they neither agreed nor disagreed) Perceptions of WorkSafe: Employers from the four high-risk sectors, 2016 Helps businesses understand their health and safety issues and risks (n=1128) 2% 3% 6% 20% 32% 37% Is doing a good job helping businesses improve workplace safety (n=1127) 6% 6% 3% 26% 31% 28% Is doing a good job helping businesses keep people healthy at work (n=1128) 2% 7% 7% 26% 32% 25% Is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand (n=1127) 11% 2% 9% 28% 29% 21% Works effectively with businesses like mine (n=1124) 10% 5% 15% 30% 23% 17% Is a trustworthy organisation (n=1123) 15% 3% 7% 22% 29% 23% Is an organisation I can have confidence in (n=1126) 12% 4% 9% 25% 26% 24% Don't know Strongly disagree Disagree Neither agree or disagree Agree Strongly agree Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (n= ) Q112 (E) To what extent do you agree or disagree that WorkSafe: Note: Some of the figures in the text do not match with the sum of the strongly agree/agree figures in the chart due to rounding. By sector Employers in the Forestry and Manufacturing sector were more likely to agree that WorkSafe: works effectively with businesses like mine (52% and 47%, respectively, cf. 41% overall) is a trustworthy organisation (63% and 62%, respectively, cf. 53%) is an organisation I can have confidence in (58% and 60%, respectively, cf. 50%). 161

168 Employers in the Manufacturing sector were also more likely to agree that WorkSafe is doing a good job helping businesses improve workplace safety (64% cf. 59% overall), as well as doing a good job helping businesses keep people healthy at work (63% cf. 57%). Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to agree that WorkSafe is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand (59% cf. 50% overall) Perceptions, trust and confidence Helps businesses understand their health and safety issues and risks Is doing a good job helping businesses improve workplace safety Is doing a good job helping businesses keep people healthy at work Is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand Works effectively with businesses like mine Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely to agree that WorkSafe: is doing a good job helping businesses improve workplace safety (65% cf. 59% overall) is doing a good job helping businesses keep people healthy at work (63% cf. 57%) is making a real difference to workplace health and safety in New Zealand (55% cf. 50%) works effectively with businesses like mine (48% cf. 41%) is an organisation I can have confidence in (54% cf. 50%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to agree that WorkSafe: AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) is a trustworthy organisation (57% cf. 53% overall) is an organisation I can have confidence in (55% cf. 50%). FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n=335) OTHER SECTOR (n=302) 71% 65% 70% 72% 70% 57% 57% 62% 64% 56% 51% 59% 60% 63% 53% 44% 53% 59% 55% 50% 34% 42% 52% 47% 39% Is a trustworthy organisation 45% 55% 63% 62% 58% Is an organisation I can have confidence in Base: All employers (n= ) Q112 (E) Do while / after visiting the WorkSafe website 39% 54% 58% 60% 56% 162

169 8.4 CONTACT WITH WORKSAFE Workers and employers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were asked about the ways they had contact with WorkSafe or heard about them in the last 12 months (the assumption being that those who had never heard of WorkSafe or had only heard the name would not have contacted them). The results are shown in Charts and Across the four high-risk sectors, over eight in ten workers (84%) and nine in ten (91%) employers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe had had some form of contact with the organisation in the last 12 months. Lower proportions of workers (73%) and employers (82%) in the Other sector had had contact with WorkSafe. The proportions of workers and employers in the high-risk sectors who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe and had had some form of contact with the organisation in the last 12 months were similar to those in 2015 and higher than in Proportion having contact with WorkSafe in the last 12 months: Workers, AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER 82% 84% 92% 82% 73% 81% 63% 83% 64% 95% 83% 85% 59% 74% 49% Base: Workers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=316; 2015 n=382; 2016 n=540) Construction (2014 n=349; 2015 n=392; 2016 n=471) Forestry (2014 n=237; 2015 n=330; 2016 n=270) Manufacturing (2014 n=275; 2015 n=380; 2016 n=392) Other sector (2014 n=354; 2015 n=446; 2016 n=654) Q72(W) In the last 12 months, in which of the following ways have you had contact with WorkSafe NZ or heard about them? 163

170 8.4.2 Proportion having contact with WorkSafe in the last 12 months: Employers, AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY 91% 91% 98% 91% 63% 91% 83% 99% 93% MANUFACTURING OTHER 82% 92% 90% 65% 83% 60% Base: Employers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe in Agriculture (2014 n=252; 2015 n=328; 2016 n=317) Construction (2014 n=225; 2015 n=344; 2016 n=245) Forestry (2014 n=244; 2015 n=262; 2016 n=222) Manufacturing (2014 n=237; 2015 n=370; 2016 n=333) Other sector (2014 n=186; 2015 n=304; 2016 n=300) Q68(E) In the last 12 months, in which of the following ways have you had contact with WorkSafe NZ or heard about them? Workers and employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than those in the other high-risk sectors to have had contact with WorkSafe: Forestry workers (92% cf. 84% overall) Forestry employers (98% cf. 91%). WORKERS Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to have had contact with WorkSafe (88% cf. 76%). Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in response to contact with WorkSafe in relation to worker involvement in decisions. EMPLOYERS Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to have had contact with WorkSafe (93% cf. 88%), although this difference is not statistically significant. 164

171 Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in response to contact with WorkSafe in relation to worker involvement in decisions. TYPES OF CONTACT The next two tables show what types of contact workers and employers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe had with the organisation in the last 12 months. The most common type of contact workers had was by seeing materials or information produced by WorkSafe (mentioned by 46%), followed by seeing or hearing media reports on WorkSafe (28%) and visiting their website (27%). Employers most commonly had contact with WorkSafe by seeing materials or information it had produced (mentioned by 58%), by visiting their website (50%) and through media reports about the organisation (34%). The proportions of workers and employers who had contact by seeing materials or information produced by WorkSafe (46% and 58%, respectively) and visiting their website (27% and 50%, respectively) have increased since 2015 (up from 37% and 20%, respectively, for workers and from 53% and 39%, respectively, for employers). Among workers, the proportion who said they phoned them for advice or information (8%) has also increased since 2015 (5%), as has the proportion of employers who had had contact through seeing WorkSafe s advertising (up from 27% to 32%). 165

172 8.4.3 Types of contact with WorkSafe in the last 12 months: Workers from the four high-risk sectors who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe TYPE OF CONTACT WITH WorkSafe NZ I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ Through media reports on WorkSafe NZ (e.g. Radio, tv, newspapers) 41% 37% 46% - 30% 28% I visited their website 14% 20% 27% An inspector has visited my workplace 16% 21% 22% As a result of WorkSafe nz s advertising about being healthy and safe at work - 21% 21% Through my workmates/colleagues - 18% 18% At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ 5% 8% 10% I have phoned them for advice or information 4% 5% 8% At trade event or other event - 9% 8% During National Fieldays 6% 5% 4% At a training session/workshop/course/seminar - - 1% Through me notifying them of an event (e.g. hazardous activity/notifiable incident - - 1% Other <0.5% 3% 2% Have not had any contact with WorkSafe nz 37% 17% 16% Base: Workers who know a little bit/quite a lot/a lot about WorkSafe NZ (2014 n=1177; 2015 n=1484; 2016 n=1673) Q72(W) In the last 12 months, in which of the following ways have you had contact with WorkSafe NZ or heard about them? 166

173 8.4.4 Types of contact with WorkSafe in the last 12 months: Employers from the four high-risk sectors who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe TYPE OF CONTACT WITH WorkSafe NZ I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ 49% 53% 58% I visited their website 32% 39% 50% Through media reports on WorkSafe NZ (e.g. Radio, TV, newspapers) As a result of WorkSafe NZ s advertising about being healthy and safe at work - 31% 34% - 27% 32% Through business contacts or industry information - 27% 25% An inspector has visited my workplace 16% 19% 20% At trade event or other event - 13% 15% I have phoned them for advice or information 11% 14% 14% At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ - 10% 13% During National Fieldays 7% 8% 8% During conferences/workshops/seminars/forums/ attended a road show 3% 1% <0.5%% Other 2% 1% 1% Have not had any contact with WorkSafe NZ 30% 9% 9% Base: Employers who know a little bit/quite a lot/a lot about WorkSafe NZ (2014 n=958; 2015 n=1304; 2016 n=1117) Q68(E) In the last 12 months, in which of the following ways have you had contact with WorkSafe NZ or heard about them? 167

174 WORKERS By sector The proportion of workers in the Forestry sector who said they did not have any contact with WorkSafe was significantly lower than those in the Agriculture, Construction and Manufacturing sectors. As Table shows, in all sectors surveyed except Forestry, the most common type of contact workers had with WorkSafe was through seeing materials or information produced by WorkSafe. For Forestry workers, contact with WorkSafe most commonly occurred when a WorkSafe inspector visited [their] workplace Types of contact with WorkSafe: Workers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=540) CONSTRUCTION (n=471) FORESTRY (n=270) MANUFACTURING (n=392) OTHER SECTOR (n=654) I visited their website 23% 31% 24% 18% 22% I have phoned them for advice or information 5% 10% 12% 3% 2% I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ 43% 48% 53% 45% 35% During National Fieldays 14% 1% 3% 1% 2% An inspector has visited my workplace 13% 24% 59% 29% 6% At trade event or other event 8% 10% 4% 2% 3% At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ 8% 12% 8% 6% 5% Through media reports on WorkSafe NZ (e.g. Radio, tv, newspapers) 30% 28% 30% 23% 30% Through my workmates/colleagues 11% 21% 21% 19% 19% As a result of WorkSafe NZ s advertising about being healthy and safe at work 21% 20% 21% 26% 20% During conferences/workshops/ seminars/forums/attended a road show 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% Have not had any contact with WorkSafe NZ 18% 16% 8% 18% 27% Base: Workers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe Q72 (W) In the last 12 months, in which of the following ways have you had contact with WorkSafe NZ or heard about them? 168

175 Since Forestry workers were more likely than workers in high-risk sectors overall to have had contact with WorkSafe in the last 12 months, it is not surprising that they said they had contact with the organisation in a variety of ways. Compared with all workers in high-risk sectors, Forestry workers were more likely to say: an inspector has visited my workplace (59% cf. 22% overall) I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe (53% cf. 46%) I have phoned them for advice or information (12% cf. 8%). Agriculture workers were more likely than workers in high-risk sectors overall to say that they had the following contact with WorkSafe: Through media reports on WorkSafe NZ (30% cf. 28% overall) During National Fieldays (14% cf. 4%). Construction workers were more likely than workers in the high-risk sectors overall to say that they had the following contact with WorkSafe: I visited their website (31% cf. 27% overall). Manufacturing workers were more likely than workers in high-risk sectors overall to say that they had the following contact with WorkSafe: An inspector has visited my workplace (29% cf. 22% overall) As a result of WorkSafe NZ s advertising about being healthy and safe at work (26% cf. 21%). Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to have had the following contact with WorkSafe: I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ (51% cf. 37%) I visited their website (32% cf. 20%) An inspector has visited my workplace (26% cf. 17%) At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ (14% cf. 5%). Opportunities for engagement Workers who are involved in decisions who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were more likely to have had the following contact with WorkSafe: I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ (50% cf. 46% overall) At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ (13% cf. 10%) I have phoned them for advice or information (10% cf. 8%) At a trade event or other event (10% cf. 8%). 169

176 EMPLOYERS By sector Across all sectors (including the Other sector) there have been increases in the proportion of employers who said that they had visited the WorkSafe website in Employers in the Agriculture, Construction, Forestry and Manufacturing sectors most commonly had contact with WorkSafe by seeing materials or information it had produced (55%, 59%, 67% and 61%, respectively), followed by visiting their website (41%, 53%, 63% and 59%, respectively). Employers in the Other sector most commonly had contact via their website (54%), followed by seeing materials or information WorkSafe had produced (51%). The types of contact each group had with WorkSafe are shown in Table Types of contact with WorkSafe: Employers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=317) CONSTRUCTION (n=245) FORESTRY (n=222) MANUFACTURING (n=333) OTHER SECTOR (n=300) I visited their website 41% 53% 63% 59% 54% I have phoned them for advice or information 12% 13% 35% 19% 18% I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ 55% 59% 67% 61% 51% During National Fieldays 16% 4% 1% 3% 1% Been visited by a WorkSafe NZ inspector 13% 19% 61% 30% 6% At a trade event or other event 8% 23% 4% 12% 8% At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ 13% 13% 10% 11% 8% Through media reports on WorkSafe NZ (e.g. radio, TV) 34% 35% 25% 32% 28% Through my business contacts or industry information I have seen WorkSafe NZ's advertising Have not had any contact with WorkSafe NZ 16% 30% 55% 26% 24% 28% 37% 26% 31% 33% 9% 9% 2% 8% 18% Base: Employers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe Q68 (E): In the last 12 months, in which of the following ways have you had contact with WorkSafe NZ or heard about them? 170

177 Employers in the Forestry and Manufacturing sectors were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to have had contact in the following ways: I visited their website (63% and 59%, respectively, cf. 50% overall) Been visited by a WorkSafe inspector (61% and 30%, respectively, cf. 20%) I have phoned them for advice or information (35% and 19%, respectively, cf. 14%). Employers in the Forestry sector were also more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to have had contact in the following ways: I have seen materials or information produced by WorkSafe NZ (67% cf. 58% overall) Through my business contacts or industry information (55% cf. 25%). Agriculture employers were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to have had contact with WorkSafe during National Fieldays (16% cf. 8% overall). Construction employers were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to have had contact with WorkSafe in the following ways: Through my business contacts or industry information (30% cf. 25% overall) At a trade event or other event (23% cf. 15%). Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to have had contact in the following ways: I visited their website (58% cf. 37%) Through my business contacts or industry information (28% cf. 16%) At a workshop or roadshow organised by WorkSafe NZ (18% cf. 9%) At a trade event or other event (17% cf. 10%). Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in types of contact had with WorkSafe in terms of worker involvement in decisions. 8.5 ACTION TAKEN WHILE OR AFTER VISITING THE WORKSAFE WEBSITE In 2016, a new question was added asking both workers and employers what, if anything they did while or after visiting the WorkSafe website? A list of 17 options was provided from which respondents could select as many as applied to them. Note: Some of the options asked about included a range of examples, some of which were sector specific. For example, where online interactive tools were asked about, those in the Agriculture and Forestry sectors were given the example of Safer Farms map showing risks on farms and how to manage them, while those in the Construction and Manufacturing sectors were given the example of Animated floorplans for managing risk. 171

178 The most common action taken after visiting the WorkSafe website for both workers and employers was downloading a document/s to read or save, for nearly six in ten workers (57%) and just under seven in ten employers (69%). Around four in ten workers (41%, and over five in ten employers (54%) printed a document/s, and just under three in ten workers (29%) and over four in ten employers (43%) used a template/s Action taken while or after visiting the WorkSafe website WORKERS EMPLOYERS I downloaded a document/s to read or save 57% 69% I printed a document/s 41% 54% I used a template/s 29% 43% I read a case study about how businesses manage health and safety 19% 22% I completed an online form/s 19% 15% I watched/downloaded a video 13% 15% I sent WorkSafe an 12% 6% I phoned WorkSafe s 0800 number 10% 10% I contacted someone at a WorkSafe office 10% 14% I subscribed to get updates 8% 18% I did a quiz 6% 4% I used one of the online interactive tools 6% 8% I connected to WorkSafe on social media 3% 3% I just visited the site 2% 1% I shared some information via social media 2% 2% I asked for information under the Official Information Act or Privacy Act 1% 2% I made a complaint about WorkSafe 1% >0.5% Other 2% 1% Nothing 1% 1% Base: All respondents (excluding not answered) from the four risk sectors (Workers n=388; Employers n=628) Q121W / Q113E What, if anything, did you do while or after visiting the WorkSafe website? 172

179 WORKERS By Sector For all four high-risk sectors the most common things that workers did while or after visiting the WorkSafe website were downloading documents to read or save and printing documents. Across the four high-risk sectors, workers in the Agriculture sector were more likely to have done the following after visiting the WorkSafe website: printed a document/s (e.g. PDFs, statistics) (48% cf. 41% overall) used a template/s (e.g. Hazard identification template, First Aid Register template) (47% cf. 29%) used one of the online interactive tools (14% cf. 6%). Workers in the Forestry sector were more likely to have: downloaded a document/s to read or save (e.g. PDFs, statistics) (72% cf. 57% overall) completed an online form/s (e.g. online notification form, application for licence) (35% cf. 19%) watched/downloaded a video (e.g. Steve and the Yappers) (26% cf. 13%). Workers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to have: read a case study about how businesses manage health and safety (33% cf. 19% overall) subscribed to get updates (17% cf. 8%). 173

180 8.5.2 Action taken while or after visiting the WorkSafe website: Workers AGRICULTURE (n=127) CONSTRUCTION (n=136) FORESTRY (n=58) MANUFACTURING (n=67) OTHER SECTOR (n=146) I downloaded a document/s to read or save 58% 55% 72% 60% 59% I printed a document/s 48% 38% 50% 44% 39% I used a template/s 47% 24% 20% 16% 21% I read a case study about how businesses manage health and safety 10% 21% 20% 33% 20% I subscribed to get updates 10% 6% 7% 17% 6% I watched/downloaded a video 9% 13% 26% 19% 9% I completed an online form/s 5% 24% 35% 14% 7% I contacted someone at a WorkSafe office 4% 11% 19% 8% 4% I sent WorkSafe an 2% 16% 13% 4% 5% I used one of the online interactive tools I phoned WorkSafe s 0800 number 14% 4% 6% 6% 4% 5% 12% 10% 9% 3% I did a quiz 3% 7% 11% 10% 8% I connected to WorkSafe on social media I shared some information via social media I asked for information under the Official Information Act or Privacy Act - 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 3% - - 2% - 1% 1% - 1% I just visited the site 3% 2% 2% 3% 4% I made a complaint about WorkSafe - 2% 1% - - Other 1% 2% 3% 3% 1% Nothing 3% 1% - - 3% Base: All respondents (excluding not answered) (n=534) Q121 (W) Do while / after visiting the WorkSafe website 174

181 Health and safety training Workers in the four high-risk sectors who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 6 months were more likely to have used a template/s (e.g. Hazard identification template, First Aid Register template) after visiting the WorkSafe website, compared with workers overall (38% cf. 29%). There were no other differences in actions taken after visiting the WorkSafe website in relation to whether workers had undertaken health and safety training. Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in actions taken after visiting the WorkSafe website in relation to worker involvement in decisions. EMPLOYERS By Sector As with workers, across the four high-risk sectors the most common things that employers did while or after visiting the WorkSafe website were downloading documents to read or save and printing documents. Employers in the Agriculture sector were more likely to have used one of the online interactive tools (15% cf. 8% overall) after visiting the WorkSafe website. Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to have: completed an online form/s (e.g. online notification form, application for licence) (39% cf. 15% overall) phoned WorkSafe's 0800 number (22% cf. 10%) sent WorkSafe an (e.g. sent an to info@worksafe.govt.nz) (16% cf. 6%) contacted someone at a WorkSafe office (27% cf. 14%). Employers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely to have printed a document/s (e.g. PDFs, statistics) (66% cf. 54%). 175

182 8.5.3 Action taken while or after visiting the WorkSafe website: Employers AGRICULTURE (n=138) CONSTRUCTION (n=149) FORESTRY (n=128) MANUFACTURING (n=213) OTHER SECTOR (n=195) I downloaded a document/s to read or save 64% 69% 68% 72% 76% I printed a document/s 58% 45% 51% 66% 64% I used a template/s 47% 42% 23% 40% 46% I read a case study about how businesses manage health and safety 14% 26% 15% 24% 21% I subscribed to get updates 10% 22% 22% 17% 16% I watched/downloaded a video 12% 16% 18% 16% 18% I completed an online form/s 5% 21% 39% 13% 15% I contacted someone at a WorkSafe office 9% 16% 27% 16% 10% I sent WorkSafe an 3% 6% 16% 7% 10% I used one of the online interactive tools 15% 6% 2% 6% 11% I phoned WorkSafe s 0800 number 10% 10% 22% 8% 11% I did a quiz 4% 5% 4% 4% 14% I connected to WorkSafe on social media I shared some information via social media I asked for information under the Official Information Act or Privacy Act 4% 4% 5% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 2% <0.5% 1% I just visited the site 2% 1% 1% - 3% Other 3% - 1% 1% 1% Nothing 2% - 1% 1% - Base: All respondents (excluding not answered) (n=823) Q113 (E) Do while / after visiting the Worksafe website Health and safety training Employers in businesses where at least half of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than employers overall to have completed an online form/s (e.g. online notification form, application for licence) (21% cf. 15% overall) after visiting the WorkSafe website, while those whose workers had never had health and safety training were less likely to have done so (7% cf. 15%). Opportunities for engagement There were no differences in actions taken after visiting the WorkSafe website in relation to worker involvement in decisions. 176

183 8.6 WORKERS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CONTACTING WORKSAFE Workers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were asked if they knew that they could contact WorkSafe to ask for advice or information, to make a complaint about health and safety or to request an inspector visit. They were also asked if they knew they could contact WorkSafe using an 0800 number. Nearly nine in ten (87%) workers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe knew that WorkSafe can be contacted for information and advice about health and safety. This result is similar to those of 2014 and The proportion of workers who knew that they could contact WorkSafe to make a complaint was similar in 2016 (80%) to 2015 (77%) but higher than 2014 (71%). Similarly, the proportion of workers who knew they could contact WorkSafe through the toll-free 0800 phone number was similar in 2016 (63%) to 2015 (62%) but higher than 2014 (52%). The proportion of workers who knew they can contact WorkSafe to ask for an inspector to visit has increased since 2015 (up from 67% to 72% in 2016) Knowledge about contacting Worksafe: Workers from the four high-risk sectors who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe TO GET INFORMATION/ADVICE 87% 87% 85% TO MAKE A COMPLAINT TO ASK FOR AN INSPECTOR VISIT 80% 77% 71% 72% 67% 65% THROUGH A TOLL-FREE NUMBER 52% 63% 62% Base: Workers from four high-risk sectors who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q74 (W) Did you know that you can contact WorkSafe NZ to? By sector Across the four high-risk sectors the majority of workers (at least eight in ten) knew that they could contact WorkSafe to get information or advice on health and safety. However, as in previous years, fewer knew they could contact WorkSafe through the toll-free 0800 phone number. 177

184 Workers in the Agriculture sector who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were more likely to know that WorkSafe can be contacted for information and advice about health and safety and that contact can be made on an 0800 toll-free phone line (91% and 69%, respectively, cf. 87% and 63% overall), while workers in the Forestry sector were more likely to know that they can contact WorkSafe to request an inspector visit (82% cf. 72% overall). Workers in the Manufacturing sector who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were less likely to know that WorkSafe can be contacted to get information or advice on health and safety, to make a complaint about health and safety, or to ask for an inspector visit (81%, 71% and 60%, respectively, cf. 87%, 80% and 72%, respectively, overall) Knowledge about contacting WorkSafe: Workers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe, 2016 % YES AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) MANUFACTURING (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) To get information or advice on health and safety To make a complaint about health and safety To ask for an inspector to visit a workplace if you thought it was unsafe Through a toll-free 0800 phone number 91% 87% 88% 81% 86% 78% 82% 83% 71% 71% 73% 73% 82% 60% 60% 69% 61% 63% 60% 61% Base: Workers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe Q74 (W) Did you know that you can contact WorkSafe NZ? While workers knowledge about contacting WorkSafe is generally similar in 2016 and 2015, there has been an increase in the proportion of Construction workers (up from 66% in 2015 to 73% in 2016) and Other sector workers (up from 52% in 2015 to 60% in 2016) who knew they could contact WorkSafe to ask for an inspector to visit. Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to say they knew WorkSafe could be contacted to ask for an inspector to visit (73% cf. 65%). 178

185 Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to say they knew WorkSafe could be contacted: To get information or advice on health and safety (91% cf. 87% overall) To make a complaint about health and safety (83% cf. 80%) To ask for an inspector to visit (76% cf. 72%) Through a toll-free 0800 phone number (68% cf. 63%). 8.7 LIKELIHOOD OF WORKSAFE INSPECTOR VISITING WORKPLACE/BUSINESS Workers and employers who knew at least a little bit about WorkSafe were asked how likely they thought it was that a WorkSafe inspector will visit your workplace/business in the next 12 months. They were asked to respond using a 5-point scale ranging from very unlikely (1 on the scale) to very likely (5 on the scale). One-third (33%) of workers and just over one-third (35%) of employers from the four high-risk sectors thought it was likely (a rating of 4 or 5 on the scale) that a WorkSafe inspector would visit their workplace or business in the next 12 months Proportion who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe and think it likely that a WorkSafe NZ inspector will visit their workplace/business in the next 12 months: Workers and employers from the four high-risk sectors WORKERS EMPLOYERS 28% 27% 33% 29% 35% 35% 2014 (n=1227) 2015 (n=1542) 2016 (n=1727) Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe Q73(W) 2014 (n=960) 2015 (n=1305) 2016 (n=1128) Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe Q69(E) How likely do you think it is that a WorkSafe NZ inspector will visit your workplace/business in the next 12 months? The proportion of workers who thought it was likely that a WorkSafe inspector would visit their business in the next 12 months has increased from 27% in Correspondingly, the proportion of workers who said it was unlikely (1 and 2 on the scale) that an inspector would visit decreased from 35% to 28%. The proportion of employers who thought it was likely was the same as 2015 (35%) and up from 29% in

186 WORKERS By sector Forestry workers were more likely to think an inspector would visit their workplace than workers in the other high-risk sectors (60% cf. 33% overall), while workers in the Agriculture sector were less likely to think this was the case (29%) Proportion of those who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe and think it is likely a WorkSafe inspector will visit their workplace/business in the next 12 months: Workers AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION 29% 32% 20% 19% 29% 32% FORESTRY 60% 58% 51% MANUFACTURING 39% 30% 33% OTHER 15% 13% 16% Base: Workers in Agriculture (2014 n=329; 2015 n=394; 2016 n=556) Construction (2014 n=362; 2015 n=405; 2016 n=478) Forestry,(2014 n=238; 2015 n=336; 2016 n=280) Manufacturing (2014 n=298; 2015 n=407; 2016 n=413) Other sector, (2016 n=671; 2015 n=456; 2014 n=382) Q73 (W) How likely do you think it is that a WorkSafe NZ inspector will visit your workplace in the next 12 months? There have been increases since 2015 in the proportions of Agriculture and Manufacturing workers who said they thought it was likely that an inspector would visit their workplace (from 20% to 29% in 2016 and from 30% to 39%, respectively) and an increase since 2014 in the proportion of Forestry workers who said they thought it likely (from 51% in 2014 to 60% in 2016). Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to say they thought it was likely that an inspector would visit their workplace (35% cf. 26%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were less likely to say they thought it was unlikely that an inspector would visit their workplace (25% cf. 28% overall). 180

187 EMPLOYERS By sector Forestry employers who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe NZ were more likely than employers in the other high-risk sectors to think it was likely that a WorkSafe inspector would visit their business in the next 12 months (69% cf. 35% overall), with 53% saying they think it very likely (cf. 19% overall) Proportion of those who know at least a little bit about WorkSafe and think it is likely a WorkSafe inspector will visit their workplace/business in the next 12 months: Employers AGRICULTURE 33% 30% 21% CONSTRUCTION 35% 39% 42% FORESTRY 69% 71% 71% MANUFACTURING 36% 36% 25% OTHER 15% 17% 12% Base: Employers in Agriculture (2014 n=254; 2015 n=326; 2016 n=317) Construction (2014 n=224; 2015 n=347; 2016 n=248) Forestry (2014 n=245; 2015 n=262; 2016 n=228) Manufacturing (2014 n=237; 2015 n=370; 2016 n=335) Other (2014 n=186; 2015 n=304; 2016 n=302) Q69 (E) How likely do you think it is that a WorkSafe NZ inspector will visit your business in the next 12 months? The proportions of employers overall who said they think it is likely that a WorkSafe inspector will visit their business in the next 12 months were similar in 2016 and This followed increases in the proportions who said they think it is likely between 2014 and 2015 in the Agriculture and Manufacturing sectors (up from 21% to 30% and from 25% to 36%, respectively). Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to think it is likely that a WorkSafe inspector will visit their business in the next 12 months (37% cf. 26%). 181

188 Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in terms of worker involvement in decisions in the proportions of employers who said they think it is likely that a WorkSafe inspector will visit their business in the next 12 months. 8.8 USE OF WORKSAFE INFORMATION/GUIDANCE BY EMPLOYERS Employers were asked which types of health and safety guidance material they had used in the last 12 months and which materials they had found most useful. Six new types of material were added to the question about guidance used in This meant that the proportion of employers saying they had not used any of these materials was no longer directly comparable with the figure for To allow for comparisons between 2015 and 2016, the none response to this question for 2016 was re-calculated using only the guidance materials asked about in Before re-calculating the 2016 none response option, just over a quarter (26%) of employers said they had not used any form of guidance materials. After re-calculating this option, 27% had not used any form of guidance. The proportion of employers not using any guidance decreased since 2015 (38%, down to 27% in 2016), indicating an increase in the use of guidance materials by employers. Over seven in ten (74%) employers in the four high-risk sectors had used some form of health and safety guidance material in the last 12 months The most commonly used forms of guidance were: Best or Good Practice Guidelines (38%), factsheets (36%), checklists (35%) and forms and templates (34%) The quick reference guides were used by under one-quarter (23%) of employers, while Health and Safety at Work Guidelines were used by under two in ten (16%). Both were new options in 2016 Low proportions of employers said they had used the other added types of guidance; case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety (7%), online quizzes (3%), online interactive tools (2%) and animated videos/ice breakers (2%). A very small proportion of employers (1%) said they had used some other types of WorkSafe guidance. 182

189 8.8.1 Guidance material used in the last 12 months: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Best/Good Practice Guidelines Factsheets Checklists Forms and templates Approved Codes of Practice (ACOPs) Toolkits Quick reference guides Health and Safety at Work Interpretive Guidelines Posters Case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety Online quizzes Online interactive tools Animated videos / ice breakers Used other source of guidance material Other types of WorkSafe NZ guidance None 16% 13% 7% 2% 2% 1% 2% 3% % 23% 23% 26% 38% 36% 35% 34% % 27% 27% 19% 24% 18% - - 9% % 1% 38% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n=1470; 2016 n=1207) Q104a(E) Which types of guidance material have you used in the last 12 months? By sector Overall, there have been a number of increases between 2015 and 2016 in relation to the different types of guidance materials used by employers in the last 12 months. The majority of these changes have been in the Agriculture, Manufacturing and 'Other' sectors as shown in Table There is also considerable variation in the extent to which employers in each sector used health and safety guidance material in the last 12 months. Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to have used any health and safety guidance material (95% cf. 74% overall). Employers in the Other sector were less likely than those in the five sectors surveyed overall to have used health and safety guidance material in the last 12 months (65% cf. 72% in the 5 sectors overall). Employers in the Construction sector were more likely than high-risk sector employers overall to have used quick reference guides (29% cf. 23% overall). 183

190 Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than high-risk sector employers overall to have used: Approved Codes of Practice (90% cf. 27% overall) Best/Good Practice Guidelines (69% cf. 38%) factsheets (43% cf. 36%) Health and Safety at Work Interpretive Guidelines (e.g. General Risk and Workplace Management) (27% cf. 16%) posters (21% cf. 13%). case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety (16% cf. 7%). Employers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely than high-risk sector employers overall to have used factsheets (42% cf. 36% overall). 184

191 8.8.2 Guidance material used in the last 12 months: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=345) CONSTRUCTION (n=268) FORESTRY (n=229) MANUFACTURING (n=365) OTHER SECTOR (n=359) Best/Good Practice Guidelines 34% 42% 69% 38% 28% Factsheets 36% 33% 43% 42% 32% Checklists 32% 38% 38% 36% 34% Forms and templates 33% 34% 37% 37% 31% Approved Codes of Practice 20% 29% 90% 30% 22% Toolkits 26% 23% 17% 20% 13% Quick reference guides 15% 29% 24% 24% 21% Health and Safety at Work Interpretive Guidelines 12% 18% 27% 19% 14% Posters 15% 10% 21% 14% 10% Case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety 3% 10% 16% 9% 9% Online quizzes 1% 4% 3% 4% 4% Online interactive tools 4% 1% 5% 3% 3% Animated videos / ice breakers 1% 1% 1% 6% 4% Used other source of guidance material Other types of WorkSafe NZ guidance 1% 2% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% None 28% 26% 5% 25% 35% Base: Employers Q104a (E) Which types of guidance material have you used in the last 12 months? Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to have used each type of health and safety guidance asked about in the last 12 months, except online interactive tools. Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in terms of worker involvement in decisions and the types of health and safety guidance used in the last 12 months. 185

192 USEFULNESS OF GUIDANCE MATERIAL For each type of guidance material used in the last 12 months, employers were asked how useful it was for their business. They responded using a 3-point scale ranging from 1-not useful to 3-very useful. Satisfaction with all forms of guidance was high, with almost all employers finding each specific type surveyed useful (2 or 3 on the scale) While considered useful by the majority, posters and online interactive tools were less likely to be found useful than other forms of guidance (92% and 91%, respectively). Checklists were more likely to be rated very useful in 2016 (74%) than in 2015 (64%), as were posters (63% cf. 42%) Usefulness of Guidance Material: Employers from the four high-risk sectors NET Useful Checklists (n=425) 24% 74% 98% 98% Forms and templates (n=457) 1% 26% 73% 99% 99% Toolkits (n=269) 2% 26% 72% 98% 98% Best/Good Practice Guidelines (n=579) Health and Safety at Work Interpretive Guidelines (e.g. General Risk and Workplace Management) (n=261) Factsheets (n=528) Case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety (n=129) Approved Code(s) of Practice (n=553) Quick reference guides (e.g. Health and Safety at Work) (n=311) Posters (n=195) Online interactive tools (n=39) Other types of WorkSafe NZ guidance (n=35) 2% 1% 3% 1% 1% 2% 6% 9% Online quizzes (e.g. about the Health and Safety at Work Act) (n=50) 1% Animated videos / ice breakers (e.g. Steve and the 1% 3% Yappers) (n=50) 28% 30% 34% 31% 33% 35% 29% 31% 40% 12% 59% 70% 68% 66% 65% 65% 64% 63% 60% 59% 37% 69% 98% 98% 98% - 99% 98% 97% - 98% 97% 99% - 92% 90% 91% - 99% - 97% - 81% 79% Don't know Not useful Somewhat useful Very useful Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors who have used any guidance materials in the last 12 months Q104b(E) If yes, how useful was it for your business? 186

193 By sector Employers in the Forestry sector were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to rate the following types of health and safety guidance very useful: Approved Codes(s) of Practice (86% cf. 65% overall) Quick reference guides (e.g. Health and Safety at Work) (85% cf. 64%) Best/Good Practice Guidelines (85% cf. 70%) Factsheets (77% cf. 66%). Employers in the Manufacturing sector were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to rate the following types of health and safety guidance very useful: Health and Safety at Work Interpretive Guidelines (81% cf. 68% overall) Posters (78% cf. 63%). Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to rate forms and templates as very useful (80% cf. 67%). Opportunities for engagement Employers whose workers are involved in decisions were more likely to rate Best/Good Practice Guidelines as very useful (76% cf. 70% overall). 8.9 FORMATS FOR INFORMATION/GUIDANCE PREFERRED BY WORKERS AND EMPLOYERS Workers and employers were asked which types of information they would find most useful for communicating health and safety messages (employers were asked this question in relation to their workers). They were asked to choose five types from a list of 14 or to write in other preferred types. Three response options, case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety, online quizzes and online interactive tools were added in WORKERS As in 2015, paper booklets/brochures were most commonly mentioned as useful for receiving health and safety messages (59%), followed by online training courses/learning modules, posters and videos (43%, 36% and 33%, respectively). Workers were less likely to mention paper booklets/brochures, posters, pocket cards, information sheets in a variety of languages and graphic stories in 2016 (59%, 36%, 13%, 8% and 6%, respectively) than in 2015 (65%, 41%, 17%, 13% and 8%, respectively). 187

194 8.9.1 Formats considered useful for communicating health and safety messages: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Paper booklets/brochures 59% 65% Online training courses/learning modules 43% 39% Posters Videos (e.g. for inductions) 33% 36% 41% 31% Mobile Apps Case studies about how businesses manage health and safety Scripts for one-on-one or group talks Online interactive tools Text reminders YouTube clips Online quizzes Pocket cards 19% 18% 18% 15% 14% 13% 13% 26% 24% - 21% - 16% 15% - 17% Information sheets in a variety of languages Graphic stories Other 8% 6% 2% 13% 8% 2% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n=2087; 2016 n=2167) Q112 (W) From the list below, which types of information would you find most useful for communicating health and safety messages? By sector For workers in each of the four high-risk sectors, paper booklets and brochures was the preferred format for receiving health and safety messages. For most, online training courses, posters and videos were the second, third or fourth choices. However, online interactive tools was in the top four formats preferred by Agriculture workers (mentioned by 26%). 188

195 8.9.2 Top 5 preferred formats for communicating health and safety messages: Workers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=681) CONSTRUCTION (n=561) FORESTRY (n=318) MANUFACTURING (n=607) OTHER SECTOR (n=1065) 1 65% 2 34% Paper booklets/ brochures Online training courses 56% 48% Paper booklets/ brochures Online training courses 70% Paper booklets/ brochures Base: Workers Q112 (W) From the list below, which types of information would you find most useful for communicating health and safety messages? 58% Paper booklets/ brochures 51% 39% Posters 51% Posters 47% Paper booklets/ brochures Online training courses 3 29% Posters 36% Posters 39% Videos 42% Videos 41% Posters 4 26% 5 23% Online interactive tools Mobile Apps 36% Videos 38% 31% Mobile Apps 34% Online training courses Mobile Apps 41% 19% Online training courses Case studies about how businesses manage health and safety 35% Videos 22% Mobile Apps Formats more likely to be preferred by workers in each of the four high-risk sectors when compared with workers in the high-risk sectors overall are shown in the next table. 189

196 8.9.3 Comparison of preferred formats for communicating health and safety messages: Workers in the four high-risk sectors, 2016 AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING Paper booklets/brochures (65% cf. 59% overall) Text reminders (19% cf. 15% overall) Online interactive tools (26% cf. 18% overall) Online training courses/learning modules (48% cf. 43%) Videos (e.g. for inductions) (36% cf. 33%) Mobile Apps (31% cf. 26%) Scripts for one-on-one or group talks (e.g. toolbox/tailgate talks) (22% cf. 18%) Online quizzes (e.g. about the Health and Safety at Work Act) (17% cf. 13%) Paper booklets/brochures (70% cf. 59%) Videos (e.g. for inductions) (39% cf. 33%) Mobile Apps (34% cf. 26%) Scripts for one-on-one or group talks (e.g. toolbox/tailgate talks) (28% cf. 18%) YouTube clips (22% cf. 14%) Pocket cards (17% cf. 13%) Graphic stories (e.g. comic strips, cartoons) (11% cf. 6%) Posters (51% cf. 36%) Videos (e.g. for inductions) (42% cf. 33%) Information sheets in a variety of languages (12% cf. 8%) Graphic stories (e.g. comic strips, cartoons) (8% cf. 6%) Health and safety training Workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those who had never undertaken formal health and safety training to prefer the following formats: Posters (39% cf. 31%) Mobile apps (27% cf. 21%) Videos e.g. for inductions (38% cf. 23%) Online training courses/learning modules (47% cf. 35%) Case studies about how businesses manage health and safety (23% cf. 13%) Online quizzes (e.g. about the Health and Safety at Work Act) (17% cf. 8%). Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to prefer the following formats: Case studies about how businesses manage health and safety (22% cf. 19% overall). 190

197 EMPLOYERS As for workers, paper booklets/brochures was most commonly mentioned by employers as useful for communicating health and safety messages (56%). This was followed among employers by posters (33%) and online training courses/learning modules (32%). These were also the formats most commonly mentioned by employers in Employers were less likely to mention pocket cards in 2016 (13%) than in 2015 (17%) Formats considered useful for communicating health and safety messages: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Paper booklet/brochure 56% 59% Posters Online training courses/learning modules Mobile Apps Scripts for one-on-one or group talks 33% 32% 26% 25% 35% 30% 22% 25% Text reminders Videos Pocket cards Case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety YouTube clips Online interactive tools Online quizzes Information sheets in a variety of languages Graphic stories None of the above 18% 17% 13% 13% 12% 11% 7% 6% 5% 6% 16% 18% 17% - 12% - - 9% 7% 8% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors (2015 n=1493; 2016 n=1222) Q105 (E) From the list below, which types of information would you find most useful for communicating health and safety messages? 191

198 By sector For employers in each of the sectors, paper booklets and brochures was the preferred format for communicating health and safety messages to their workers. For all sectors except Construction, posters and online training courses were the second or third choices. Mobile apps was in the top three formats preferred by Construction employers (mentioned by 36%), instead of posters Top 5 preferred formats for communicating health and safety messages: Employers, 2016 AGRICULTURE (n=354) CONSTRUCTION (n=269) FORESTRY (n=231) MANUFACTURING (n=368) OTHER SECTOR (n=367) 1 55% Paper booklet/ 55% brochure 2 36% Poster 38% 3 26% 4 20% 5 18% Online training courses Mobile 36% 32% Paper booklet/ brochure Online training courses Mobile App Scripts for talks 67% 37% Paper booklet/ brochure Online training courses Base: Employers Q105 (E) From the list below, which types of information would your business find most useful for communicating health and safety messages to your workers? 57% 29% Poster 32% 26% App Scripts for talks 27% Text reminders 25% Scripts for talks Mobile App Paper booklet/ 51% brochure 50% Poster 36% Online training courses Paper booklet/ brochure Online training courses 33% Poster 22% Videos 22% Videos 21% Scripts for talks 18% Mobile App Formats more likely to be preferred by employers in each of the four high-risk sectors when compared with employers in the other high-risk sectors are shown in the next table. 192

199 8.9.6 Compared with employers overall, formats more likely to be preferred by employers in each of the four high-risk sectors are shown below: AGRICULTURE Online interactive tools (17% cf. 11% overall) CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING Online training courses/learning modules (38% cf. 32% overall) Mobile Apps (36% cf. 26%) Scripts for one-on-one or group talks (e.g. toolbox/tailgate talks) (32% cf. 25%) Text reminders (e.g. weekly reminders, alerts when new information comes out) (27% cf. 18%) Paper booklets/brochures (67% cf. 56% overall) Text reminders (e.g. weekly reminders, alerts when new information comes out) (23% cf. 18%) Pocket cards (21% cf. 13%) Case studies about how businesses manage workplace health and safety (19% cf. 13%) YouTube clips (19% cf. 12%) Graphic stories (e.g. comic strips, cartoons) (15% cf. 5%) Posters (50% cf. 33% overall) Videos (e.g. for inductions) (22% cf. 17%) Information sheets in a variety of languages (9% cf. 6%) Health and safety training Employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months were more likely than those with no workers having had health and safety training to prefer the following formats: Posters (37% cf. 27%) Mobile Apps (29% cf. 19%) Online training courses/learning modules (38% cf. 22%) Videos (20% cf. 13%) Online quizzes (8% cf. 4%). Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences among employers in the preferred formats for communicating health and safety messages to workers in terms of worker involvement in decisions. 193

200 8.10 WHERE WORKSAFE SHOULD FOCUS TO IMPACT ON HEALTH AND SAFETY At the end of the survey, workers and employers were asked the following question: Thinking about all the things covered in this survey, what could make the most difference to improve health and safety in your industry? They were not given any response options and so had to respond in their own words. A large number of answers were given to this question and only those mentioned by five percent or more workers and employers are listed in this section. Overall, the most common thing that workers in the four high-risk sectors mentioned, as in 2015, was to encourage personal responsibility (7%). Among employers, the most common things mentioned were to encourage personal responsibility (6%) and to encourage use of common sense (also 6%). WORKERS By sector The most commonly mentioned suggestions by workers for improving health and safety in the Agriculture sector were: AGRICULTURE Encourage the use of common sense (11%) Encourage personal responsibility (10%) Proper training for the job/familiarisation with the equipment (5%) Agriculture workers were more likely than workers in the high-risk sectors overall to mention: Encourage use of common sense (11% cf. 6% overall) Encourage personal responsibility (10% cf. 7%). Agriculture workers were also more likely to mention encourage use of common sense in 2016 than in 2014 (11% cf. 6%). The most commonly mentioned suggestions by workers for improving health and safety in the Construction sector were: CONSTRUCTION Encourage personal responsibility (7%) Education - educate workers and management on safe practices and their legal rights and responsibilities (6%) Proper training for the job/familiarisation with the equipment (6%) Encourage use of common sense (5%) Workers from the Construction sector were more likely to mention education (6% cf. 5% overall) as the change that could make the most difference in improving worker health and safety. 194

201 The most commonly mentioned suggestions by workers for improving health and safety in the Forestry sector were: FORESTRY Proper training for the job/familiarisation with the equipment (8%) Less pressure to meet high production targets (7%) Review wage structures (6%) Encourage personal responsibility (5%) Drug and alcohol policy (5%) A willingness to look out for one another (5%) Greater level of inspection of work sites (5%) Continued communication/reminders of hazards/safe work practices/health and safety issues (5%). Forestry workers were more likely than workers in the four high-risk sectors overall to mention: Proper training for the job/familiarisation with the equipment (8% cf. 5% overall). The most commonly mentioned suggestions by workers for improving health and safety in the Manufacturing sector were: MANUFACTURING Employers/owners/managers to be more accountable/take more responsibility for the safety of their workers (7%) Manufacturing workers were more likely than workers in the four high-risk sectors overall to mention the following as a way to improve health and safety in their industry: Employers/owners/managers to be more accountable/take more responsibility for the safety of their workers (7% cf. 4%). Health and safety training There were no differences in response to this question in relation to the proportion of workers in the business who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Opportunities for engagement Workers involved in decisions were more likely to mention education - educate workers and management on safe practices and their legal rights and responsibilities (6% cf. 5% overall). 195

202 EMPLOYERS By sector The most commonly mentioned suggestions by employers for improving health and safety in the Agriculture sector were: AGRICULTURE Encourage personal responsibility (10%) Have a viable/workable health & safety policy - clear/concise/relevant rules (7%) Encourage use of common sense (6%) Awareness and management of hazards (5%) Employers in the Agriculture sector were more likely than employers in the high-risk sectors overall to mention encourage personal responsibility (10% cf. 6% overall). The most commonly mentioned suggestions by employers for improving health and safety in the Construction sector were: CONSTRUCTION Encourage use of common sense (7%) Encourage personal responsibility (5%) Have a viable/workable health and safety policy - clear/concise/relevant rules (5%) Visits/mentoring by health & safety representatives (incl. WorkSafe and OSH) (5%). There were no differences in responses by Construction employers when compared with employers across the high-risk sectors overall. The most commonly mentioned suggestions by employers for improving health and safety in the Forestry sector were: FORESTRY Encourage personal responsibility (7%) Less pressure to meet high production targets (7%) Having a viable/workable health and safety policy clear/concise/relevant rules) (7%). Employers/owners/managers to be more accountable/take more responsibility for the safety of their workers (6%) Visits/mentoring by health and safety representitives (incl. WorkSafe and OSH) (6%) Proper training for the job/familiarisation with the equipment (5%) Better returns/more profitability (5%) There were no differences in responses by Forestry employers when compared with employers in the high-risk sectors overall. 196

203 The most commonly mentioned suggestions by employers for improving health and safety in the Manufacturing sector were: MANUFACTURING Provision of readily available information (6%) Have a viable/workable health and safety policy - clear/concise/relevant rules (5%) There were no differences in responses by Manufacturing employers when compared with employers in the high-risk sectors overall. Health and safety training There were no significant differences in employers responses in terms of the proportion of workers in their business who had undertaken health and safety training. Opportunities for engagement There were no significant differences in employers responses in terms of worker involvement in decisions. 197

204 CONCLUSIONS 198

205 9 CONCLUSIONS Feedback from 3,256 workers and 1,604 employers across five sectors (Agriculture, Construction, Forestry, Manufacturing and Other ) provides a wealth of insights into health and safety attitudes and behaviours in workplaces throughout New Zealand. The report describes the results from the 2016 survey and looks at how these vary over time, between sectors and against key factors. It also highlights when changes have occurred since the 2014 and 2015 surveys. Overall, results for the four high-risk sectors show that some positive changes are occurring slowly over time (since 2014), while others have been more apparent since the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 came into effect (i.e. changes since 2015). Other conclusions for the four high-risk sectors that emerge from the findings are described below. Prioritisation of health and safety is relatively unchanged since While workers were less likely to prioritise health and safety than employers, both workers and employers were most likely to assign a big responsibility for health and safety to the workers themselves. The extent to which health and safety is prioritised by workers and employers relative to other workplace/ business considerations is relatively unchanged since 2014 and workers continue to be less likely than employers to consider health and safety one of their top three priorities. Perceptions among workers of the extent to which their boss considers health and safety a priority and among both workers and employers of the extent to which safe behaviour is recognised are also relatively unchanged since Despite workers being less likely than employers to consider health and safety one of their top three priorities, they were as likely as employers to acknowledge the workers themselves have a very big responsibility for health and safety, as in 2014 and Workers and employers were both more likely to assign a very big responsibility to the workers themselves than to other individuals, companies or organisations asked about (for example, bosses/supervisors, management, business owners or other companies in the industry). Workers were, however, more likely in 2016 than in 2015 to say top management and industry bodies have a very big responsibility for health and safety. When asked what could make the most difference to improve health and safety in their industry, workers most commonly mentioned encourage personal responsibility, while employers most commonly mentioned encourage personal responsibility and encourage use of common sense. This indicates that there is scope to increase the priority given to health and safety and the focus on shared responsibility. 199

206 While workers were as likely as employers to feel workers are involved in decision making regarding health and safety and that information is shared, worker engagement and participation were generally rated less positively by workers than by employers. The majority of workers and employers agreed workers are involved in decision making regarding health and safety matters, and workers were as likely as employers to agree health and safety information and updates are shared with workers. Workers, however, were less likely than employers to say they received feedback on how their views had been considered, to agree that health and safety risks are discussed in an open and helpful way or to agree that health and safety information and updates are easy to understand. Workers were also less likely than employers to agree workers were encouraged to come up with new or better ways to do things that will make the work safer, that management and workers work in partnership to ensure everyone is safe at work, that the boss/business encourages workers to speak up if they feel something is unsafe or that workers would be supported if they suggested stopping work because of a possible hazard/risk to health and safety. Even so, the majority of Manufacturing, Construction and Forestry workers 12 felt confident about approaching their current boss or site supervisor about a health and safety issue. Workers perceptions of their engagement and participation were more positive about some aspects in 2016 than in Workers were more likely in 2016 than in 2014 to agree that health and safety risks are discussed in an open and helpful way, that they were encouraged to speak up if they felt something was unsafe and that their boss would support them if they suggested stopping work because of a possible hazard. Workers were more likely to agree in 2016 than in 2015 that everyone from the boss down is always trying to improve safety. Workers with opportunities for engagement generally had more positive health and safety attitudes and behaviours. Workers involved in health and safety decisions (those who strongly agree they always have a say in decisions that affect their health and safety) tend to have more positive attitudes and behaviours in relation to health and safety, as do employers whose workers are involved in decisions (those who strongly agree workers are always involved in decisions affecting health and safety). These results suggest that increasing worker involvement in decisions will have a positive impact on health and safety attitudes and behaviours in the workplace. There is scope to increase worker involvement, with results showing that, while around eight in ten workers and employers agree workers are involved in decisions, fewer than six in ten workers (56%) and employers (52%) strongly agree that workers are involved. 12 This question was asked only of Manufacturing, Construction and Forestry workers in

207 Workplaces/businesses were more likely to have had worker participation practices in place in 2016 than in 2015, particularly health and safety as a regular team/group meeting item, regular health and safety meetings and a system for health and safety communications. The proportion of workers with formal participation practices in place in their workplace has continued to increase since 2014, while the proportion of employers with practices in place has increased since The practices most commonly mentioned by both workers and employers were health and safety as a regular team/ group meetings item and regular health and safety meetings. Both workers and employers were more likely to mention health and safety as a regular team/group meetings item and a noticeboard or website or regular system for health and safety communications in 2016 than in Employers were also more likely to mention regular health and safety meetings and workers to mention regular formal safety audits in 2016 than in While the proportions of workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months has increased, sizeable proportions of workers said they had never had training or not had training within the last 12 months. Workers were more likely in 2016 than in 2014 and 2015 to say they had undertaken health and safety training (excluding first aid courses) in the last 12 months, and employers were more likely in 2016 than in 2015 to say all their workers had undertaken formal training. However, the proportion of workers (20%) who said they had never had formal health and safety training has remained relatively unchanged since 2014 (23%), as has the proportion of employers who said that none of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Health and safety attitudes and behaviours were generally more positive among workers who had undertaken formal health and safety training in the last 12 months and among employers with at least half of their workers having had health and safety training in the last 12 months. This suggests that increasing the proportion of workers having recent (i.e. within the last 12 months) health and safety training will have a positive impact on health and safety in the workplace. Higher proportions of workers than employers perceived a risk of injury and said risky behaviours occur in their workplace, while lower proportions said some forms of preventative actions are always taken. The majority of workers felt safe or very safe at work, despite acknowledging there was a higher risk of serious injury in their industry compared with other industries. Nevertheless, 14% of workers and 5% of employers said there was at least a moderate risk of a worker being seriously hurt in their workplace or business in the next 12 months. While the majority of workers and employers agreed workers had the tools and equipment to do their job safely, and workers had high levels of confidence in their knowledge of staying safe and healthy at work, risky behaviours continued to occur, and positive actions to prevent serious harm in the workplace were not always taken. Although there were decreases in the occurrence of the majority of risky behaviours asked about 201

208 between 2014 and 2015 and increases in the proportions of workers who said some of the preventative measures were always taken, results in 2016 are relatively unchanged from Although the proportion of workers who said they had the knowledge and skills to avoid long-term health problems was high (84%), fewer said this in comparison with those who were confident they had the knowledge and skills to stay safe at work (94%). Higher proportions of workers than employers said each of the potentially risky behaviours asked about occurred from time to time or a lot, and lower proportions of workers than employers said three of the five preventative actions asked about always occurred. These results suggest that employers may not be fully aware of how workers are behaving in the workplace with regards to health and safety. Workers had high levels of confidence in their knowledge about reporting incidents and the proportion of workers who said hazards, near misses and accidents were reported always or most of the time has increased since The occurrence of serious harm incidents and near misses remains relatively high and relatively unchanged since 2014, although some forms of appropriate action were more likely to be taken following such an event in Almost one-sixth of workers had personally experienced an incident of serious harm at work over the last 12 months and a fifth of employers said that at least one of their workers had been seriously harmed while at work. Around three in ten workers and employers had experienced one or more near misses or said their workers had experienced one or more near misses at work in the last 12 months. The proportion of employers who said their workers had experienced one or more near misses has increased since 2015, although this followed a decrease between 2014 and Workers and employers were both more likely to have noticed a new hazard at work in the last 12 months in 2016 than in Taking some forms of appropriate action when serious harm incidents or near misses occurred or when new hazards were identified increased in Workers awareness of their legal responsibilities and rights and employers awareness of their legal obligations and how to comply have remained relatively stable. Even so, the proportion of businesses making changes to health and safety systems or practices has continued to increase. Around two-thirds of workers were confident they were aware of their legal responsibilities and rights, and a similar proportion of employers were confident they were aware of their obligations, while around six in ten were confident they understood how to comply with their obligations. Despite employers awareness of their obligations and understanding of how to comply remaining relatively stable over time, the proportion of employers who said their business had made significant changes to its health and safety systems or practices has continued to increase. 202

209 Awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe increased in 2016, as did contact via their materials/ information and their website. Levels of awareness and knowledge of WorkSafe have continued to increase since 2014 and WorkSafe is one of the most common sources of advice on health and safety among workers and the most common source among employers. Sizeable proportions of both workers and employers agreed that WorkSafe helps both workers and businesses understand health and safety issues and risks, as well as improving workplace safety. The majority of workers and employers aware of WorkSafe had had some form of contact with them in the last 12 months, most commonly seeing WorkSafe materials or information. Contact via WorkSafe materials or information and via their website have increased among both workers and employers between 2015 and The most common action taken after visiting the WorkSafe website for both workers and employers was downloading a document/s to read or save. Awareness among workers of what WorkSafe can be contacted for generally increased in 2016, as did awareness that WorkSafe can be contacted via a toll-free 0800 number. The proportion of workers who thought it likely that a WorkSafe inspector would visit their workplace or business in the next 12 months increased since 2015 and the proportion of employers who thought it likely increased since Workers and employers in the Manufacturing and Forestry sectors tended to have better perceptions and more trust and confidence in WorkSafe. Employers use of health and safety guidance increased in Paper booklets/brochures continued to be the most commonly preferred format among both workers and employers. Almost three-quarters of employers had used health and safety guidance materials (in the last 12 months) in 2016, up from just under two-thirds in The most commonly used forms of guidance were Best or Good Practice Guidelines, factsheets, checklists and forms and templates, all more likely to be mentioned in 2016 than in Paper booklets/brochures continued to be the most commonly preferred format among both workers and employers. Differences by sector Forestry workers and employers were more likely than workers and employers overall to prioritise health and safety and to agree safe behaviour receives positive recognition. Perceptions of worker engagement, participation and communication also tended to be more positive among workers and employers in the Forestry sector, as were perceptions that workers and employers had the right resources, knowledge and skills to deal with risk. Forestry and Construction workers were more likely than workers overall to have undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months. Construction employers were more likely than employers overall to say all of their workers had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months and to say their business had made significant changes to its health and safety systems and practices in the last 12 months. 203

210 The proportion of Construction workers who agreed that health and safety issues are discussed in an open and helpful way has increased since 2014 and the proportion who would feel confident approaching the boss/site supervisor about a health and safety issue has increased since Construction workers were also more confident they knew how to report hazards, near misses or accidents in 2016 than in 2015 and more confident that they had the knowledge and skills to keep safe at work in 2016 than in Awareness of legal responsibilities, rights, obligations and how to comply tended to be higher among Forestry and Manufacturing workers and employers and appropriate action was more likely to be taken by Forestry and, to a lesser extent, Manufacturing workers and employers in the event of a serious harm incident, near miss or a new hazard being identified. Manufacturing workers, however, tended to be less likely than workers overall to feel engaged or involved in improving workplace health and safety, were less likely to agree they had the tools and equipment to do their job safely and were less likely to feel confident they had the knowledge and skills to keep safe and avoid long-term health problems. While Agriculture workers were less likely than workers overall to prioritise health and safety, the proportion doing so has increased since The proportion of Agriculture workers who had undertaken health and safety training in the last 12 months has increased since 2014, as has the proportion of Agriculture workers confident they were aware of their legal responsibilities, although both remain lower than among workers overall. 204

211 APPENDICES 205

212 APPENDIX I: TOPICS IN THE HEALTH AND SAFETY ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS SURVEY The surveys include the following topics. New topics in 2016 are in italics. Topics not included in the 2016 Crosssector report are noted by an asterisk. Type of work/business.* Most important considerations at work/for business (i.e. where does health and safety sit relative to other considerations). Views about health and safety in the workplace, including priority given to health and safety and who should be responsible for health and safety. Worker engagement, participation and communication. Heard of and/or signed up to the Canterbury Rebuild Safety Charter.* Health and safety training undertaken. Views about risk (relative to other industries). Likelihood of someone being seriously hurt in the next 12 months. How safe workers feel at work. Resources and information, and knowledge and skills, to deal with risk. Risky behaviours in the workplace. Positive behaviours (e.g. use of protective equipment). Experience of harm. Most recent serious harm incident. Responses to harm (whether an ACC claim made was added). Experience of near misses/hazards - and responses. Understanding of regulations and requirements. Changes in workplace health and safety practices and reasons (employers only). Sources of advice. Awareness and knowledge of, and contact with, WorkSafe. Perceptions of, and trust and confidence in, WorkSafe. Use and usefulness of WorkSafe information/guidance (employers only). Preferred formats for information/guidance. Action taken after visiting the WorkSafe website. Where WorkSafe should focus to impact on health and safety. 206

213 Awareness of/response to campaigns/interventions: Safer Farms Exposure to dust and solvents, and controls used including health checks for workers (for Manufacturing and Construction).* Uptake of personal health checks from exposure to dust and solvents (for Manufacturing and Construction).* Approaches used when businesses/organisations working together (overlapping duties - employers only).* Approaches used to ensure health and safety of goods and services from suppliers (upstream duties - employers only).* Information is also collected about workers/employers, including number of employees/contractors/migrant workers, demographics such as age, gender, ethnicity (workers only), educational qualification (workers only), income (workers only), region and average hours worked (workers only). 207

214 APPENDIX II: SAMPLE DESCRIPTION 2016 Sample description The following tables provide a profile of the respondents in each of the sectors: Sample description: Workers WORKERS Weighted % AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR GENDER AGE MALE 73% 94% 96% 78% 46% FEMALE 27% 6% 4% 22% 54% YEARS 4% 4% 7% 4% 4% YEARS 11% 16% 21% 15% 16% YEARS 14% 29% 26% 20% 21% YEARS 21% 25% 23% 27% 26% 55 + YEARS 49% 26% 23% 33% 34% NEW ZEALAND EUROPEAN 88% 83% 71% 65% 78% ETHNICITY MĀORI 5% 11% 30% 19% 10% PACIFIC PEOPLES - 1% 2% 9% 1% ASIAN 2% 2% <0.5% 6% 6% 1 WORKER 26% 14% 3% 2% 11% 2-5 WORKERS 55% 24% 18% 5% 11% WORKPLACE SIZE REGION* 6-9 WORKERS 7% 11% 29% 7% 8% WORKERS 5% 17% 20% 12% 11% WORKERS 3% 12% 12% 19% 16% WORKERS 1% 6% 9% 13% 10% 100 OR MORE WORKERS 1% 13% 8% 38% 30% NORTHERN REGION 11% 28% 14% 33% 34% CENTRAL REGION 52% 45% 61% 39% 39% SOUTHERN REGION 39% 30% 29% 29% 30% * Region is defined as follows: Northern: Northland, Auckland Central: Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Whanganui, Wellington-Wairarapa Southern: All of the South Island Note: In 2014, Wellington-Wairarapa was included in the Southern region. 208

215 Sample description: Employers EMPLOYERS Weighted % AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION FORESTRY MANUFACTURING OTHER SECTOR GENDER MALE 57% 76% 72% 58% 52% FEMALE 43% 24% 28% 42% 48% YEARS <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% YEARS 3% 3% 3% 2% 3% AGE YEARS 13% 22% 16% 15% 11% YEARS 61% 57% 61% 59% 57% 60 + YEARS 22% 17% 17% 23% 27% LESS THAN ONE YEAR <0.5% 1% <0.5% 3% 1% 1 TO LESS THAN 2 YEARS 2% 3% 4% 3% 7% # YEARS IN OPERATION 2 TO LESS THAN 6 YEARS 13% 19% 13% 13% 16% 6 TO LESS THAN 10 YEARS 13% 18% 20% 12% 13% 10 TO LESS THAN 20 YEARS 18% 22% 24% 26% 25% 20 YEARS OR MORE 54% 38% 39% 42% 37% DON'T KNOW % 1% NONE 10% 14% 8% 5% 8% 1 TO 5 EMPLOYEES 73% 63% 49% 55% 61% # OF EMPLOYEES REGION 6 TO 9 EMPLOYEES 7% 12% 18% 13% 12% 10 TO 19 EMPLOYEES 5% 6% 15% 11% 9% 20 TO 49 EMPLOYEES 3% 4% 8% 11% 5% 50 TO 99 EMPLOYEES 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 100 OR MORE EMPLOYEES <0.5% 1% 2% 4% 4% NORTHERN REGION 11% 30% 13% 30% 42% CENTRAL REGION 59% 41% 61% 39% 41% SOUTHERN REGION 33% 34% 32% 35% 24% * Region is defined as follows: Northern: Northland, Auckland Central: Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Whanganui, Wellington-Wairarapa Southern: All of the South Island Note: In 2014, Wellington-Wairarapa was included in the Southern region. 209

216 Sample description: Type of industry, Other Sector TYPE OF INDUSTRY WORKERS EMPLOYERS Education and training 13% 8% Health care and social assistance 13% 10% Professional, scientific and technical services 12% 16% Retail trade 10% 23% Transport, postal and warehousing 8% 6% Administrative support services 7% 2% Information, media and telecommunications 6% 3% Financial and insurance services 5% 5% Public administration and safety 4% 2% Personal services 4% 4% Electricity, gas, water and waste services 3% 2% Accommodation and food services 3% 9% Arts and recreation services 3% 3% Wholesale trade 2% 7% Rental, hiring and real estate services 2% 5% Mining 1% <0.5% Other 1% 5% 210

217 Sample description: Work location, Other sector WORK LOCATION WORKERS EMPLOYERS An office 46% 46% A health or educational facility 19% 9% A retail or wholesale outlet 10% 20% In a vehicle (e.g. Taxi driver, travelling salesperson) 8% 10% Home-based business 7% 13% Other 4% 10% A hospitality location (e.g. Hotel, restaurant) 3% 10% In a factory/workshop 3% 6% Outdoors 3% 3% At client s home/property 3% 4% Cultural and recreational facility 1% 4% 211

218 APPENDIX III: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Expanded versions of tables from Section 3.1 in the report: Three most important things in their work: The four high-risk sectors WORKERS 2014 (n=2296) 2015 (n=2097) 2016 (n=2183) Having a regular income 36% 30% 33% Taking pride in doing a good job 52% 50% 50% Staying healthy and safe while at work 33% 35% 39% Having a good work/life balance 36% 39% 44% Enjoying my work 25% 27% 23% Working with people I like and respect 17% 16% 20% Making good money 19% 20% 16% Staying fit and healthy so I can keep doing the work I do Working hard now to build a better future 20% 18% 18% 12% 14% 12% Learning new things 8% 10% 8% Being free to make my own decisions 15% 16% 14% Working for a promotion or to build a career 4% 4% 3% Doing physical work 3% 3% 3% Working outdoors or on the land 12% 12% 9% Other 1% <0.5% 1% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors Q30(W) What three things are most important to you in your work right now? 212

219 Three most important considerations for their business: The four high-risk sectors EMPLOYERS 2014 (n=1351) 2015 (n=1501) 2016 (n=1234) Keeping workers healthy and safe while at work 50% 60% 63% Producing excellent products and/or services 32% 33% 33% Being a respected and trusted business 38% 39% 39% Growing the business / improving the profitability of the business Ensuring the business complies with laws and regulations Making sure there is enough work in the pipeline Continually improving the business to maximise productivity Being a great place to work for all people in the business 36% 33% 29% 22% 26% 31% 19% 19% 17% 24% 18% 19% 18% 17% 17% Attracting and retaining good workers 17% 14% 15% Being an environmentally-friendly business 8% 7% 8% Being an innovative business 4% 4% 3% Succession planning / planning who will take over if key people leave / retire / are unable to work Looking after the health and welfare of the animals 5% 5% 3% 18% 17% 14% Other 1% <0.5% 1% None of the above <0.5% 1% <0.5% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors Q24(E) From the list below, what three aspects are most important considerations for your business right now? 213

220 APPENDIX IV: SEGMENTATION QUESTIONS As part of the 2014 and 2015 surveys, segmentation analysis was undertaken and reported on, however, as the segmentation is relatively stable this was not repeated in While some questions used in the segmentation analysis are in section 5 of this report, there were some questions that were only used as part of the segmentation in previous years. This appendix and charts provide results over time and for each sector for the questions not elsewhere reported. Note: The statements below were asked on an agreement scale. For some statements the desired response is for workers and employers to agree with the statement (e.g. I always keep an eye out for health and safety at work), whereas at other times it is desirable for the respondent to disagree (e.g. I get annoyed there are so many rules when how I keep myself safe is my own business). OVERVIEW In 2016 there were high levels of agreement among both workers (83%) and employers (89%) that I always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work. In both cases, these results showed an increase, compared with 2015 (79% and 87%, respectively). There were also increases in the proportion of workers who agree that they get huge satisfaction from knowing we have a safe working environment (up from 70% in 2015 to 76% in 2016). Employers were also more positive towards health and safety regulations in 2016, with the proportion who agreed that we are highly motivated to comply with all health and safety regulation increasing from 67% in 2015 to 72% in

221 Proportion of workers who agree or disagree with statements: The four high-risk sectors Agree WORKERS I always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work I get huge satisfaction from knowing we have a safe working environment Health and safety is important but it's not always realistic to follow every rule and guideline Disagree When you are really busy, it's easy to forget about health and safety I get annoyed that there are so many rules when how I keep myself safe is my own business Health and safety can be a waste of money because it won't stop all accidents happening The main reason I do health and safety is so I don't get into trouble I really only follow the health and safety rules because I have to 81% 79% 83% 72% 70% 76% 58% 61% 59% 37% 38% 39% 43% 38% 45% 57% 51% 53% 53% 50% 54% 62% 61% 65% Base: Workers from the four high-risk sectors excluding not answered (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q48(W) How strongly do you agree with each of the following statements? 215

222 Proportion of employers who agree or disagree with statements: The four high-risk sectors AGREE EMPLOYERS I always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work We are highly motivated to comply with all health and safety regulations I would feel personally responsible if someone in the business was seriously hurt, even if our business was not at fault Health and safety is important but it's not always realistic to follow every rule and guideline We have rules around working safely but it is up to workers whether they always follow them DISAGREE The main reason we follow health and safety is so we don't get into trouble I get annoyed that there are so many health and safety regulations - this is my business and I don't need to be told how to run it Health and safety can be a waste of money because it won't stop all accidents happening When you are really busy, it's easy to forget about health and safety 84% 87% 89% 64% 67% 72% 76% 75% 73% 56% 63% 59% 49% 48% 45% 52% 52% 54% 53% 48% 50% 57% 52% 52% 47% 47% 47% Base: Employers from the four high-risk sectors excluding not answered (2014 n= ; 2015 n= ; 2016 n= ) Q46(E) How strongly do you agree with each of the following statements? 216

223 By Sector WORKERS Overall, workers in the Forestry sector were more likely to agree that they: always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work (92% cf. 83% overall) get huge satisfaction from knowing we have a safe working environment (87% cf. 76%). Workers in the Forestry sector were also more likely to disagree with all of the other statements in this set of questions, compared with those in the four high-risk sectors overall. There were positive changes over time in both Agriculture and Construction sectors, with increases in the proportion of workers who agreed with the following statements: I always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work (up in the Agriculture sector from 76% in 2015 to 84% in 2016) I get huge satisfaction from knowing we have a safe working environment (up in the Agriculture sector from 68% in 2015 to 74% in 2016 and in the Construction sector from 70% to 77%). Also in 2016, almost half (49%) of Construction workers disagreed that I get annoyed that there are so many rules when how I keep myself safe is my own business (up from 39% in 2015). 217

224 Proportion of workers who agree or disagree with statements by sector, 2016 AGREE I always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work I get huge satisfaction from knowing we have a safe working environment Health and safety is important but it's not always realistic to follow every rule and guideline DISAGREE I get annoyed that there are so many rules when how I keep myself safe is my own business When you are really busy, it's easy to forget about health and safety I really only follow the health and safety rules because I have to Health and safety can be a waste of money because it won't stop all accidents happening The main reason I do health and safety is so I don't get into trouble EMPLOYERS As with workers, employers in the Forestry sector were more likely to agree that they always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work (96% cf. 89% overall). Employers in the Forestry sector were also more likely to agree with most other agreement statements: AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n= ) FORESTRY (n= ) Base: Workers excluding not answered Q48 (W) To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? I would feel personally responsible if someone in the business was seriously hurt, even if our business was not at fault (84% cf. 73%) We are highly motivated to comply with all health and safety regulations (87% cf. 72%). MANUFACTURINGOTHER SECTOR (n= ) (n= ) 84% 84% 92% 80% 68% 74% 77% 87% 74% 67% 66% 60% 52% 46% 46% 30% 49% 61% 57% 54% 42% 38% 52% 36% 35% 57% 70% 74% 63% 68% 40% 56% 62% 65% 65% 41% 59% 67% 57% 58% Workers in the Forestry sector were also more likely to disagree with all of the other statements in this set of questions, compared with the other high-risk sectors. 218

225 The only change overtime was in the Agriculture sector, where the proportion of employers who agreed that they are highly motivated to comply with all health and safety regulations increased (up from 57% in 2015 to 67% in 2016) Proportion of employers who agree or disagree with statements by sector, 2016 AGREE I always keep an eye out for health and safety hazards at work I would feel personally responsible if someone in the business was seriously hurt, even if our business was not at fault We are highly motivated to comply with all health and safety regulations Health and safety is important but it's not always realistic to follow every rule and guideline We have rules around working safely but it is up to workers whether they always follow them DISAGREE Health and safety can be a waste of money because it won't stop all accidents happening I get annoyed that there are so many health and safety regulations - this is my business and I don't need to be told how to run it When you are really busy, it's easy to forget about health and safety The main reason we follow health and safety is so we don't get into trouble AGRICULTURE (n= ) CONSTRUCTION (n=-274) Base: Employers excluding not answered Q46 (E) To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? FORESTRY MANUFACTURING (n= ) (n= ) OTHER SECTOR (n= ) 89% 89% 96% 87% 85% 73% 73% 84% 72% 71% 67% 75% 87% 72% 72% 65% 57% 48% 52% 48% 53% 42% 34% 39% 47% 44% 54% 64% 61% 59% 42% 54% 70% 55% 57% 43% 48% 65% 50% 44% 49% 57% 68% 57% 56% 219

226

Results from WorkSafe s Surveys UNDERSTANDING HEALTH AND SAFETY ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS IN NEW ZEALAND WORKPLACES

Results from WorkSafe s Surveys UNDERSTANDING HEALTH AND SAFETY ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS IN NEW ZEALAND WORKPLACES Results from WorkSafe s Surveys UNDERSTANDING HEALTH AND SAFETY ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS IN NEW ZEALAND WORKPLACES December 2017 Understanding how attitudes and behaviours contribute to injury and harm

More information

2018 Report. July 2018

2018 Report. July 2018 2018 Report July 2018 Foreword This year the FCA and FCA Practitioner Panel have, for the second time, carried out a joint survey of regulated firms to monitor the industry s perception of the FCA and

More information

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION 1604 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Leader s Guide Marcom Group Ltd. Structure and Organization Information in this program is presented in a definite order so that employees will see the relationships between

More information

WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY THE NEW WORLD

WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY THE NEW WORLD WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY THE NEW WORLD WHY WORKSAFE NEW ZEALAND? We re killing and injuring too many people in our workplaces. WORKSAFE NEW ZEALAND 2 WHY WORKSAFE NEW ZEALAND? WORKSAFE NEW ZEALAND NOVEMBER

More information

Credit Card Market Study Interim Report: Annex 3: Results from the consumer survey

Credit Card Market Study Interim Report: Annex 3: Results from the consumer survey MS14/6.2: Annex 3 Market Study Interim Report: Annex 3: November 2015 November 2015 0 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Definitions 2 Background to the 3 The structure of this document 4 2 Consumer understanding

More information

Working with the Health and Safety Regulator

Working with the Health and Safety Regulator Working with the Health and Safety Regulator Before reading this guide you should be familiar with or refer in the first instance to Massey University Accident Procedures and flow charts on the reporting

More information

A positive outlook on auto-enrolment contributions phasing. High

A positive outlook on auto-enrolment contributions phasing. High A positive outlook on auto-enrolment contributions phasing High Summary UK businesses are focusing on securing the organisation s future by strengthening their competitive position, increasing revenue

More information

STATEMENT OF PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS

STATEMENT OF PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS G.2 SPE STATEMENT OF PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS 2015-2016 VISION, PURPOSE, VALUES OUR VISION That everyone who goes to work comes home healthy and safe OUR PURPOSE To transform New Zealand s workplace health

More information

The Scope and Nature of Occupational Health and Safety

The Scope and Nature of Occupational Health and Safety Element 1: Foundations in Health and Safety The Scope and Nature of Occupational Health and Safety The study of health and safety involves the study of many different subjects including the sciences (chemistry,

More information

Risk Assessment Policy

Risk Assessment Policy Risk Assessment Policy Updated: April 2018 Date of next Review: April 2019 Policy Lead: Bursar Checked by: Middle Leadership Team 1. INTRODUCTION Beachborough School will have hazards which if not controlled

More information

Report on the Findings of the Information Commissioner s Office Annual Track Individuals. Final Report

Report on the Findings of the Information Commissioner s Office Annual Track Individuals. Final Report Report on the Findings of the Information Commissioner s Office Annual Track 2009 Individuals Final Report December 2009 Contents Page Foreword...3 1.0. Introduction...4 2.0 Research Aims and Objectives...4

More information

KiwiSaver advice. 7 November This guidance note is for advisers and. financial firms advising on KiwiSaver products.

KiwiSaver advice. 7 November This guidance note is for advisers and. financial firms advising on KiwiSaver products. 7 November 2016 KiwiSaver advice This guidance note is for advisers and financial firms advising on KiwiSaver products. It gives guidance on when advice is class advice, personalised advice or just information.

More information

HAZARD MANAGEMENT POLICY Page 1 of 7 Reviewed: October 2018

HAZARD MANAGEMENT POLICY Page 1 of 7 Reviewed: October 2018 Page 1 of 7 Policy Applies to: The Board of Directors, staff employed by Mercy Hospital, Credentialed Specialists, Allied Health Professionals, contractors, students, volunteers and visitors. Related Standards:

More information

QUALITY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN PERU

QUALITY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN PERU QUALITY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN PERU HUGO ÑOPO 1 1 Economist, Department of Research, Inter-American Development Bank (IADB). 407 INTRODUCTION This presentation is based on the preliminary results of some

More information

19.1. Duties and responsibilities. PCBU (operator, sharefisher) Primary duty of care. Worker engagement and participation

19.1. Duties and responsibilities. PCBU (operator, sharefisher) Primary duty of care. Worker engagement and participation 19 Duties and responsibilities If you run a fishing business or own, operate, or work on a commercial fishing vessel, you have health and safety duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA).

More information

Attitudes towards New Zealand s financial markets. Investor confidence research May 2018

Attitudes towards New Zealand s financial markets. Investor confidence research May 2018 Attitudes towards New Zealand s financial markets Investor confidence research May 2018 Contents C3 Background C4 Summary C7 Findings C7 Confidence in New Zealand s financial markets C19 Investment types

More information

FOOD SAFETY RISK ANALYSIS

FOOD SAFETY RISK ANALYSIS Appendix D FOOD SAFETY RISK ANALYSIS 1.0 RISK IN FOOD PROCESSING 1.1 Risk Analysis 1.2 Risk Assessment 1.3 When to do a Risk Assessment 1.4 Risk Assessment and HACCP 1.5 The Health Risk Assessment Model

More information

protecting yourself Money Management SESSION #6

protecting yourself Money Management SESSION #6 Money Management SESSION #6 protecting yourself The Money Management sessions have been developed for the HSBC Opportunity Partnership in collaboration with Catch22, St Giles Trust, The Prince's Trust,

More information

WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY REFRESHER

WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY REFRESHER WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY REFRESHER LEARNING OUTCOMES Advice regarding legislative duties, rights and obligations WHSMS implementation and maintenance Identifying hazards; assessing risks; and developing,

More information

RISK ASSESSMENTS (GENERAL) POLICY AND GUIDANCE

RISK ASSESSMENTS (GENERAL) POLICY AND GUIDANCE RISK ASSESSMENTS (GENERAL) POLICY AND GUIDANCE Revised June 2016: Version 1.2 Name of Policy: Purpose of the Policy: Policy Applies to: Approved by: Responsible for its Updating: Final Approval by: Risk

More information

Quick Guide to Incident Investigation and Reporting for Employers

Quick Guide to Incident Investigation and Reporting for Employers Please refer to the companion quick guide for assistance completing the investigation and this form. Employer s information Employer s name Employer s head office address City Province Postal code Employer

More information

Managing work-related road risks

Managing work-related road risks Managing work-related road risks A strategic must-have Zurich Risk Engineering Whether your focus is to protect your people, your assets or your bottom line managing fleet risk is a strategic imperative.

More information

ANZ Retirement Commission 2009 Financial Knowledge Survey Summary

ANZ Retirement Commission 2009 Financial Knowledge Survey Summary June 2009 ANZ Retirement Commission 2009 Financial Knowledge Survey Summary contents ANZ Retirement Commission 2009 Financial Knowledge Survey This survey measures the financial knowledge levels of New

More information

Issue 3 Are your clients satisfied?

Issue 3 Are your clients satisfied? Vero SME Insurance Index 2017 Issue 3 Are your clients satisfied? Understanding customers helps make smarter decisions Vero SME Insurance Index 2017 Issue 3 1 Introduction In this, our third and final

More information

"ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION"

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION MAJOR PROGRAM POINTS "ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION" Part of the "GENERAL SAFETY SERIES" Quality Safety and Health Products, for Today...and Tomorrow Outline of Major Points Covered in the "Accident Investigation"

More information

Public Trust in Insurance

Public Trust in Insurance Opinion survey Public Trust in Insurance cii.co.uk Contents 2 Foreword 3 Research aims and background 4 Methodology 5 The qualitative stage 6 Key themes 7 The quantitative stage 8 Quantitative research

More information

Reflections in the Mirror: Defined contribution plan participants

Reflections in the Mirror: Defined contribution plan participants Reflections in the Mirror: Defined contribution plan participants offer their perspectives and perceptions around retirement savings 2014 FINDINGS OF NATIONAL PLAN PARTICIPANT SURVEY Non-FDIC Insured May

More information

REVIEW DECISION. Review Reference #: R Board Decision under Review: December 14, 2017

REVIEW DECISION. Review Reference #: R Board Decision under Review: December 14, 2017 REVIEW DECISION Re: Review Reference #: R0232282 Board Decision under Review: December 14, 2017 Date: June 22, 2018 Review Officer: Melina Lorenz The employer operates a manufacturing plant. On August

More information

Golden rules of communication. Talking about pensions with a new generation of savers

Golden rules of communication. Talking about pensions with a new generation of savers Golden rules of communication Talking about pensions with a new generation of savers 3 Talking about pensions with a new generation of savers Every employer in the UK has to provide a suitable workplace

More information

EMPLOYEE OUTLOOK. Winter EMPLOYEE VIEWS ON WORKING LIFE FOCUS. Employee attitudes to pay and pensions

EMPLOYEE OUTLOOK. Winter EMPLOYEE VIEWS ON WORKING LIFE FOCUS. Employee attitudes to pay and pensions EMPLOYEE OUTLOOK EMPLOYEE VIEWS ON WORKING LIFE Winter 2016 17 FOCUS Employee attitudes to pay and pensions The CIPD is the professional body for HR and people development. The not-for-profit organisation

More information

Construction OS&H Processes and systems

Construction OS&H Processes and systems Construction OS&H Processes and systems Summary Brief review of systems theory and practice: Systems theory at a glance ILO-OSH 2001: Guidelines on occupational safety & health management systems Hazards

More information

G.2 SPE. Statement of Performance Expectations

G.2 SPE. Statement of Performance Expectations G.2 SPE Statement of Performance Expectations 2017-2018 Vision THAT EVERYONE WHO GOES TO WORK COMES HOME HEALTHY AND SAFE Mission TO TRANSFORM NEW ZEALAND S WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE Values

More information

Boomers at Midlife. The AARP Life Stage Study. Wave 2

Boomers at Midlife. The AARP Life Stage Study. Wave 2 Boomers at Midlife 2003 The AARP Life Stage Study Wave 2 Boomers at Midlife: The AARP Life Stage Study Wave 2, 2003 Carol Keegan, Ph.D. Project Manager, Knowledge Management, AARP 202-434-6286 Sonya Gross

More information

Effective Workplace Incident Investigations SERGE SIROIS, INVESTIGATION OFFICER WORKSAFE NB

Effective Workplace Incident Investigations SERGE SIROIS, INVESTIGATION OFFICER WORKSAFE NB Effective Workplace Incident Investigations SERGE SIROIS, INVESTIGATION OFFICER WORKSAFE NB AGENDA Introduction Why Investigate? What to Investigate? Who should investigate? Preparation for an Effective

More information

PSYCHOLOGY OF FOREX TRADING EBOOK 05. GFtrade Inc

PSYCHOLOGY OF FOREX TRADING EBOOK 05. GFtrade Inc PSYCHOLOGY OF FOREX TRADING EBOOK 05 02 Psychology of Forex Trading Psychology is the study of all aspects of behavior and mental processes. It s basically how our brain works, how our memory is organized

More information

Updating the American Tax System:

Updating the American Tax System: Updating the American Tax System: American Attitudes and Support for Tax Reform Matthew Streit Vice President, Strategic Communications Table of Contents Executive Summary...1 Methodology...2 Part I: American

More information

Basic Risk Management Guidelines for Motor Sports Clubs

Basic Risk Management Guidelines for Motor Sports Clubs Basic Risk Management Guidelines for Motor Sports Clubs Prepared by Risk Group Pty Ltd for Motor Sports NT Risk Group Pty Ltd ACN 090 929 418 Unit 5, 48 Nelson Street, St Kilda Victoria 3182 Australia

More information

Key Features of the Group Stakeholder Pension Scheme. This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place.

Key Features of the Group Stakeholder Pension Scheme. This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place. Key Features of the Group Stakeholder Pension Scheme This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place. Welcome to your Key Features Document. It explains all the important information

More information

WorkSafe New Zealand. Annual Review briefing to the Transport & Industrial Relations Committee. 2015/16 Financial Year.

WorkSafe New Zealand. Annual Review briefing to the Transport & Industrial Relations Committee. 2015/16 Financial Year. Annual Review briefing to the Transport & Industrial Relations Committee WorkSafe New Zealand 1 2015/16 Financial Year 9 February 2017 2 2 Assistance to the Committee The Transport & Industrial Relations

More information

ANZ Survey of Adult Financial Literacy in Australia Summary Report

ANZ Survey of Adult Financial Literacy in Australia Summary Report Summary Report October 2008 Contents E1 Introduction 2 E2 Key findings 2 E2.1 What we have learned about financial literacy 2 E2.1.1 The distribution of financial literacy within the population 2 E2.1.2

More information

Health and Safety Procedure: Risk Assessment. 1. Introduction

Health and Safety Procedure: Risk Assessment. 1. Introduction Health and Safety Procedure: Risk Assessment 1. Introduction 1.1. The purpose of this Procedure is to set out the London School of Economics (hereafter the School or LSE) arrangements for undertaking risk

More information

Lesson 6: Failing to Understand What You Get. From a Workers Comp Claim

Lesson 6: Failing to Understand What You Get. From a Workers Comp Claim Lesson 6: Failing to Understand What You Get From a Workers Comp Claim Rule: Workers Comp is based on disability. Many injured workers know someone who was injured at work and got a "big" settlement. But

More information

KiwiSaver advice. 7 March This guidance note is for advisers and. financial firms advising on KiwiSaver products.

KiwiSaver advice. 7 March This guidance note is for advisers and. financial firms advising on KiwiSaver products. 7 March 2017 KiwiSaver advice This guidance note is for advisers and financial firms advising on KiwiSaver products. It gives guidance on when advice is class advice, personalised advice or just information.

More information

questions for written response

questions for written response 2007/08 financial review of Retirement Commissioner questions for written response Why did the Commission have a $463k surplus in the 2007/08 financial year when it budgeted on a $1.049 million deficit?

More information

Keeping workers protected from falls at any elevation

Keeping workers protected from falls at any elevation On the Cover WorkSafeBC occupational safety officer Mark Benoit and Coastal Craft safety officer Jeremy Berlinger survey the final stages of a boat build. While the worksite materials on the ground are

More information

2016 AER Survey of Albertans and Stakeholders. Executive Summary

2016 AER Survey of Albertans and Stakeholders. Executive Summary 2016 AER Survey of Albertans and Stakeholders Executive Summary Alberta Energy Regulator 2016 AER Survey of Albertans and Stakeholders: Executive Summary June 2016 Published by Alberta Energy Regulator

More information

Key Features of the WorkSave Pension Plan. This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place.

Key Features of the WorkSave Pension Plan. This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place. Key Features of the WorkSave Pension Plan This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place. Welcome to your Key Features Document. It explains all the important information you need

More information

What do pensions mean to you? A 2018 survey of UK maritime employers and employees

What do pensions mean to you? A 2018 survey of UK maritime employers and employees What do pensions mean to you? A 2018 survey of UK maritime employers and employees Foreword Designed specifically for employees in the maritime industry, Ensign is a lowcost, high-quality pension plan

More information

Type: Services. Related Personal Outcome Measure: I Feel Safe. Code: 1.8. Date Released: 29 / 05 / Date/s Released: 21 / 11 / 2003

Type: Services. Related Personal Outcome Measure: I Feel Safe. Code: 1.8. Date Released: 29 / 05 / Date/s Released: 21 / 11 / 2003 Title: Risk Management for People Using Association Services Type: Services Policy / Procedure Details Related Personal Outcome Measure: I Feel Safe Code: 1.8 Original Version Details Revised Version/s

More information

Information for people injured in a workplace accident and their families

Information for people injured in a workplace accident and their families Information for people injured in a workplace accident and their families This information explains what to expect when WorkSafe investigates an injury caused by a workplace accident. It also explains:

More information

NEST s research into retirement decisions

NEST s research into retirement decisions 5 NEST s research into retirement decisions NEST Corporation NEST carries out a wide variety of research projects to better understand the decisions that members of our target group make, and the factors

More information

What s Working and Not Working for 401(k) Small Plan Participants

What s Working and Not Working for 401(k) Small Plan Participants What s Working and Not Working for 401(k) Small Plan Participants The Guardian Small Plan 401(k) RetireWell StudySM 2.0 GUARDIAN RETIREMENT SOLUTIONS FOR PLAN SPONSORS Who Did We Survey? Methodology Guardian

More information

Key Features of the Group Personal Pension 2000 Plan. This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place.

Key Features of the Group Personal Pension 2000 Plan. This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place. Key Features of the Group Personal Pension 2000 Plan This is an important document which you should keep in a safe place. Welcome to your Key Features Document. It explains all the important information

More information

The Voya Retire Ready Index TM

The Voya Retire Ready Index TM The Voya Retire Ready Index TM Measuring the retirement readiness of Americans Table of contents Introduction...2 Methodology and framework... 3 Index factors... 4 Index results...6 Key findings... 7 Role

More information

Value for Money Research: The voice of the Member Launch: 2 March 2017

Value for Money Research: The voice of the Member Launch: 2 March 2017 Value for Money Research: The voice of the Member Launch: 2 March 2017 Value for Money Research: The voice of the Member Launch: 2 March 2017 Jacqui Reid, Associate Director Sackers David Burns & Jane

More information

Lessons learned in higher education

Lessons learned in higher education Lessons learned in higher education Voya Retirement Research Institute Study focuses on retirement and financial realities for college and university employees Our nation s colleges and universities represent

More information

chief ombudsman & chief executive s report

chief ombudsman & chief executive s report chief ombudsman & It s approaching 20 years ago now that discussions were underway about setting up a single ombudsman for financial services. This would replace eight existing schemes each covering individual

More information

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control Procedure

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control Procedure Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control Procedure 1. Purpose To ensure that there is a formal process for hazard identification, risk assessment and control to effectively manage workplace and

More information

What Makes Risk Management Work?

What Makes Risk Management Work? What Makes Risk Management Work? Rick Wells Associate, Risk Management MIRARCO Mining Innovation, Sudbury, Canada w w w. m i r a r c o. o r g Agenda Introduction; Risk Assessment vs Risk Management; Issues

More information

The new Workplace Health and Safety Amendments; All your questions answered.

The new Workplace Health and Safety Amendments; All your questions answered. The new Workplace Health and Safety Amendments; All your questions answered. When a committee member asks you a question you need to have the answer at hand. To assist you with this all the most commonly

More information

Young People and Money Report

Young People and Money Report Young People and Money Report 2018 marks the Year of Young People, a Scottish Government initiative giving young people a platform to voice issues that affect their lives and allowing us to celebrate their

More information

Tailor made investment approach

Tailor made investment approach WHAT DOES INVESTING MEAN? 03 GUIDE TO INVESTING - Tailor made investment approach 02 GUIDE TO INVESTING Contents WHAT DOES INVESTING MEAN? 3 UNDERSTANDING YOUR NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS 5 UNDERSTANDING RISK

More information

IROHS010. Submission to the. Independent Review of Occupational Health and Safety Compliance and Enforcement in Victoria

IROHS010. Submission to the. Independent Review of Occupational Health and Safety Compliance and Enforcement in Victoria IROHS010 Submission to the Independent Review of Occupational Health and Safety Compliance and Enforcement in Victoria 1 August 2016 ABOUT THE HOUSING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION...3 1. INTRODUCTION...4 2. RESPONSE

More information

THE AURUM COMPANY PENSION GROUP PERSONAL PENSION. A guide to help you prepare for the retirement you want

THE AURUM COMPANY PENSION GROUP PERSONAL PENSION. A guide to help you prepare for the retirement you want THE AURUM COMPANY PENSION GROUP PERSONAL PENSION A guide to help you prepare for the retirement you want Your AURUM company pension is provided by Scottish Widows. SUPPORTING LITERATURE AND TOOLS TO HELP

More information

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION POLICY

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION POLICY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION POLICY Latest Revision July 2016 Next Revision July 2017 Compliance Associated Policies Management of Health & Safety at Work Reporting of Injury, Disease & Dangerous Occurrence

More information

Canadian Mutual Fund Investor Survey. July,

Canadian Mutual Fund Investor Survey. July, Canadian Mutual Fund Investor Survey July, 1 Table of Contents Slide Research Objectives and Methodology 3 Key Findings 7 Results in Detail 14 Attitudes toward Investment Products and Investment Strategy

More information

Health and Safety Policy Statement

Health and Safety Policy Statement Health and Safety Policy Statement Under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (HSW Act) employers must, so far as is reasonably practicable, provide: Safe equipment Safe substances Necessary information,

More information

Safety Meeting. Safety, Teamwork & Our Customer s 1 st Choice

Safety Meeting. Safety, Teamwork & Our Customer s 1 st Choice Meeting Meeting Focus Sheet Leader Guest Instructions Incidents These meetings are more than safety meetings. While they address safety as a top priority, these meetings are also an opportunity for you

More information

THE SAVINGS BEHAVIOR IN POLAND. a representative survey among the general population 15+

THE SAVINGS BEHAVIOR IN POLAND. a representative survey among the general population 15+ THE SAVINGS BEHAVIOR IN POLAND a representative survey among the general population + September Survey design Research aim The present report documents the results of the Savings Research in Poland, investigating

More information

LDC Scorecard Public Electrical Safety Measure Feedback Template

LDC Scorecard Public Electrical Safety Measure Feedback Template LDC Scorecard Public Electrical Safety Measure Feedback Template Please review the documents outlining the proposed Public Electrical Safety Measure Please include the following information with your comments

More information

Transamerica Center for Health Studies Survey: Employer Attitudes Toward the Employer Mandate and the ACA

Transamerica Center for Health Studies Survey: Employer Attitudes Toward the Employer Mandate and the ACA Transamerica Center for Health Studies Survey: Employer Attitudes Toward the Employer Mandate and the ACA December 2016 Table of Contents About the Transamerica Center for Health Studies Page 3 About The

More information

There are many definitions of risk and risk management.

There are many definitions of risk and risk management. Definition of risk There are many definitions of risk and risk management. The definition set out in ISO Guide 73 is that risk is the effect of uncertainty on objectives. In order to assist with the application

More information

MoneyMinded in the Philippines Impact Report 2013 PUBLISHED AUGUST 2014

MoneyMinded in the Philippines Impact Report 2013 PUBLISHED AUGUST 2014 in the Philippines Impact Report 2013 PUBLISHED AUGUST 2014 1 Foreword We are pleased to present the Philippines Impact Report 2013. Since 2003, ANZ's flagship adult financial education program, has reached

More information

OSHA 2016 Regulatory Updates Are You Prepared?

OSHA 2016 Regulatory Updates Are You Prepared? OSHA 2016 Regulatory Updates Are You Prepared? ANHA Annual Convention September, 2016 OSHA. "Our new rule will 'nudge' employers to prevent work injuries to show investors, job seekers, customers and the

More information

Medicaid and PeachCare for Kids Provider Survey: Customer Service Satisfaction Survey Spring Prepared for ACS

Medicaid and PeachCare for Kids Provider Survey: Customer Service Satisfaction Survey Spring Prepared for ACS Medicaid and PeachCare for Kids Provider Survey: Customer Service Satisfaction Survey Spring 2004 Prepared for ACS Prepared by the Georgia Health Policy Center At Georgia State University 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...

More information

SMART PLANNING FOR SMART PEOPLE. guide to investing

SMART PLANNING FOR SMART PEOPLE. guide to investing SMART PLANNING FOR SMART PEOPLE guide to investing 2 GUIDE TO INVESTING 3 INTRODUCTION Contents What does investing mean? 4 Understanding your needs and requirements 6 Understanding risk 8 Spreading the

More information

STATE OF THE PROTECTION NATION. March 2017

STATE OF THE PROTECTION NATION. March 2017 STATE OF THE March 2017 INTRODUCTION Royal London commissioned this research to find out how people felt about their own protection needs and the industry as a whole. And to answer questions such as: does

More information

Understanding and Achieving Participant Financial Wellness

Understanding and Achieving Participant Financial Wellness Understanding and Achieving Participant Financial Wellness Insights from our research From August 25, 2017 to January 31, 2018, the companies of OneAmerica fielded an online survey to retirement plan participants

More information

FCA GAP Insurance research

FCA GAP Insurance research www.pwc.co.uk FCA GAP Insurance research Narrative report Measuring the impact of the FCA s intervention in the add-on GAP insurance market July 2018 Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Glossary of terms 1

More information

MetLife Report: Understanding the Adviser-Client Relationship 2018

MetLife Report: Understanding the Adviser-Client Relationship 2018 MetLife Report: Understanding the Adviser-Client Relationship 2018 Insights into the attitudes, behaviours and expectations of current and potential advice clients to help advisers build long-term relationships

More information

A growing interest in employee financial well-being in India

A growing interest in employee financial well-being in India A growing interest in employee financial well-being in India Insights from the Global Benefits Attitudes Survey 2016 Indian employees satisfaction with their financial state today belies financial worries

More information

Fannie Mae National Housing Survey. July - September 2010 Quarterly Wave

Fannie Mae National Housing Survey. July - September 2010 Quarterly Wave Fannie Mae National Housing Survey July - ember 2010 Quarterly Wave Copyright 2010 by Fannie Mae Release Date: November 23, 2010 Consumer attitudes: measure current and track change Attitudinal Questions

More information

28 July May October 2016

28 July May October 2016 Policy Name Risk Management Policy & Procedure Related Policies and Legislation AISWA Guidelines Risk Management Policy Category Planning & Management Relevant Audience Date of Issue / Last Revision All

More information

WORKPLACE PENSIONS SURVEY

WORKPLACE PENSIONS SURVEY WORKPLACE PENSIONS SURVEY October 2012 Contents Introduction... 2 Access to workplace pensions... 2 Auto enrolment... 3 Staying in or opting out... 4 Staying in... 6 Opting out... 8 Confidence Index...

More information

Anti-money laundering thoughts from an AML/CFT supervisor

Anti-money laundering thoughts from an AML/CFT supervisor Anti-money laundering thoughts from an AML/CFT supervisor A speech delivered to the ACAMS 1 and FIU 2 Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Seminar 2013 in Wellington On 20 June 2013

More information

New Work Health & Safety Legislation What does it mean for you as a Business Owner, Director or Executive?

New Work Health & Safety Legislation What does it mean for you as a Business Owner, Director or Executive? New Work Health & Safety Legislation What does it mean for you as a Business Owner, Director or Executive? Session Overview The WHS Act 2011 became law in January 2012. This presentation outlines some

More information

Contractor Health and Safety Code of Practice. Updated June 4, 2018

Contractor Health and Safety Code of Practice. Updated June 4, 2018 Contractor Health and Safety Code of Practice 2018 Updated June 4, 2018 Updated June 4, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. DEFINITIONS...3 B. PURPOSE...7 C. STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT...7 D. REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS...7

More information

Risk Assessment Procedure

Risk Assessment Procedure 1. Introduction Risk Assessment Procedure 1.1 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 set out general duties which apply to employers and are aimed at improving health and safety management.

More information

Insurance Council of Australia Home & Motor Insurance. April 2016 Job number: 16009

Insurance Council of Australia Home & Motor Insurance. April 2016 Job number: 16009 Insurance Council of Australia Home & Motor Insurance April 2016 Job number: 16009 Sections of this report Section Page # Research background and methodology 3 Home insurance 5 Top 5 findings 9 Attitudes

More information

Prevention. Plan/Prep

Prevention. Plan/Prep A workplace injury is the start of a series of events. These series of events can last several days to several months. An organized plan with implemented practices is a major influence on the timeline

More information

THE CAQ S SEVENTH ANNUAL. Main Street Investor Survey

THE CAQ S SEVENTH ANNUAL. Main Street Investor Survey THE CAQ S SEVENTH ANNUAL Main Street Investor Survey DEAR FRIEND OF THE CAQ, Since 2007, the Center for Audit Quality (CAQ) has commissioned an annual survey of U.S. individual investors as a part of its

More information

Presenting and Understanding Risk Management

Presenting and Understanding Risk Management The best source of information and training on Aboriginal finance and management The Aboriginal Finance and Management Capacity Development Series Presenting and Understanding Risk Management A Practical

More information

PANAMA MARITIME AUTHORITY

PANAMA MARITIME AUTHORITY PANAMA MARITIME AUTHORITY MERCHANT MARINE CIRCULAR MMC-213 PanCanal Building Albrook, Panama City Republic of Panama Tel: (507) 501-5000 segumar@segumar.com To: Ship-owners/Operators, Company Security

More information

Data Bulletin March 2018

Data Bulletin March 2018 Data Bulletin March 2018 In focus: Findings from the FCA s Financial Lives Survey 2017 pensions and retirement income sector Latest trends in the retirement income market Issue 12 Introduction Introduction

More information

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE Page 1 of 8 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE 10.1 cost of accidents and diseases: The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work estimates that every year about 5,500 people are killed in the

More information

In-House Counsel Barometer 2009

In-House Counsel Barometer 2009 In-House Counsel Barometer 2009 Table of Contents Study Introduction and Highlights of Findings.......................... 1 Current Economic Climate.........................................6 Being In-House

More information

SAFETY POLICY PART 1 - GENERAL POLICY

SAFETY POLICY PART 1 - GENERAL POLICY SAFETY POLICY PART 1 - GENERAL POLICY a. The Scope of This Policy This is the Safety Policy of National Game Fair Ltd (the Organiser) as required by Section 2(3) of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974,

More information

Reaching out to renters

Reaching out to renters For financial adviser use only. Not approved for use with customers. Reaching out to renters How to write effective letters and emails to renters about the need for protection With renting on the rise,

More information

Ageing Workforce in. Crown Research Institutes

Ageing Workforce in. Crown Research Institutes Ageing Workforce in Crown Research Institutes Supplementary Survey Report 2014 Prepared for the New Zealand Human Rights Commission in partnership with The Office for Senior Citizens & OCG Consulting Lonergan

More information

Member Guide Arriva Workplace Pension Plan

Member Guide Arriva Workplace Pension Plan Arriva Workplace Pension Plan I'm dreaming of taking up deep sea fishing This member guide is designed to help you understand the Arriva Workplace Pension Plan so you can make decisions that are right

More information