WARM UP. governments collect taxes? 1) What are taxes??? 2) Why do people pay taxes? Why do

Transcription

1 WARM UP 1) What are taxes??? 2) Why do people pay taxes? Why do governments collect taxes? 3) What are some taxes that we all pay? How do we feel about taxes?

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3 Salutary Neglect I. During the early years of the existence of the colonies, Parliament opted for a policy of salutary neglect or noninterference II. After the French & Indian War Great Britain will take an active role in the American colonies

4 Pontiac's Rebellion I. Native Americans soon grew unhappy with the British rule A. G.B. sees the Native Americans as the enemy II. Pontiac (N.A. Chief) led a successful rebellion against British rule of N. America III. British government infected the Natives with smallpox to end Pontiac s Rebellion A. Attempt to stop any future conflicts with Native Americans and colonists.

5 Proclamation of 1763 I. King George III declared that Appalachian Mountains were the western boundary for all colonies; colonists could NOT cross mountains: A. to separate the colonists from the Indians B. to prevent future wars and expense II. 10,000 British troops sent to police the border. III.Proclamation angered many colonists A. Many owned land west of the Appalachian Mountains

6 American colonists forbidden to cross Appalachian Mountains.

7 Proclamation of 1763 I. Proclamation of 1763 created tension between Britain and the colonies. II. Britain placed additional taxes on the colonists to pay for French & Indian War. III.Indians traded with the British and the colonists, but regarded both as enemies. IV. Colonists migrated across the Appalachian Mountains anyway.

8 After The French & Indian War I. WARS COST MONEY II. The British government spent a large amount of money to win the French & Indian War III. The colonies were expected to pay for the war A. Great Britain began taxing the colonies to help pay down the war debt

9 Writs of Assistance (1764) I. Prior to passing new taxes on the colonies the British parliament created the writs of assistance II. III. Legal papers which gave custom officials the right to search any building for any reason. The writs were an attempt to stop smuggling and ensure taxes were paid IV. The colonists complained that these writs violated their rights as English subjects.

10 The Sugar Act I. British taxed colonists on many of the goods coming into the colonies from other places II. The most important of these was the Sugar Act of 1764 III. The Sugar Act took away profits from colonial merchants who traded with other countries IV. Colonists believed this was taxation without representation A. Their governments did not make these laws (Great Britain did)

11 The Stamp Act I. In 1765, British imposed taxes upon all paper products and stamped the item once the tax had been played. II. III. This tax was paid directly to the government direct tax Products affected ranged from documents and wills to playing cards and newspapers

12 Stamp Act Crisis (1765) I. In response to the Stamp Act the colonists did the following: A. Formed the Sons and Daughters of Liberty B. Protested in the streets C. Harassed tax collectors D. Boycotted trade with England E. Stamp Act Congress and Resolves

13 The Stamp Act Congress I. Drew up petitions, or letters, to King George III and to Parliament. II. These petitions rejected the Stamp Act and asserted that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies. A. No taxation without representation III. IV. Parliament paid little attention to these petitions. Colonists then called for a boycott (to refuse to buy certain goods or services) of British goods A. British merchants and workers suffered V. Finally, in 1766 Parliament repealed (cancelled) the Stamp Act

14 Taxation Without Representation I. Colonists were very unhappy with British taxes II. Britain taxing the colonies went against the long-established British principle of no taxation without representation III. ONLY the colonists or their elected representatives had the right to pass taxes IV. No colonial representation in Parliament = No British taxes V. Colonists were willing to pay taxes passed by colonial legislatures

15 Declaratory Act (1766) I. The Declaratory Act repealed the Stamp Act but also asserted British authority to tax the colonists in all cases whatsoever. A. Great Britain can tax the colonies PERIOD! II. The British asserted their authority to tax the colonists whenever they wanted. III. The colonists considered this act a victory.

16 The Townshend Acts I. This act placed duties on tea, paper, glass and paint II. The British repealed this tax in 1770 except for the tax on tea III. The Townshend Act was designed to raise revenue in the colonies to pay off the enormous debt.

17 The Protests Begin! I. Colonial opinions of Great Britain soon worsened II. Colonists unhappy with British rule began protests to show their displeasure A. Sons and Daughters of Liberty B. Boston Massacre

18 Sons of Liberty I. The Sons of Liberty carried out organized resistance by keeping watch on shopkeepers suspected of selling British goods II. A group existed in almost every colony. III. Members included middle and upper class citizens, anyone could join if they were trustworthy and had the skills the group needed. IV. Famous members included Paul Revere, John Adams and his cousin, Samuel Adams.

19 The Boston Massacre I. II. III. IV. After Parliament repealed the Townshend duties, the first clash between British and Americans took place On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys gathered to taunt British soldiers outside the Boston Customs House When the crowd went as far as to throw sticks and snowballs at the redcoats, the soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five men The event quickly became known as the Boston Massacre

20 Tea Act (1773) I. After the Boston Massacre, British parliament repealed all Townshend acts except for the Tea Act. II. The British kept the tax on tea to show the colonists it still had the right to tax them. III. In response to the Tea Act the colonials: A. Organized Committees of Correspondence B. Provide better communication throughout the colonies IV. The Boston Tea Party was staged by the Sons of Liberty.

21 The Boston Tea Party I. In 1773 the British East India Company, facing bankruptcy, appealed to Parliament for assistance II. Parliament voted to give them a monopoly for the trade of tea in America III. Opposition groups mobilized against the plan and forcing ships to turn back at New York and Philadelphia harbors IV. Colonists on a signal from Sam Adams disguised themselves as Mohawks, boarded the ship and heaved 342 chests of tea into the harbor

22 Boston Tea Party I. On December 16, 1773 between 30 and 130 men dressed up as Native Americans and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor. II. Done to protest the Tea Act III.King George III was furious! IV. Parliament would pass the Intolerable/ Coercive Acts in early 1774!!!!!

23 Intolerable Acts (1774) / The Coercive Acts I. These acts were meant to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party and to isolate Boston from the rest of the colonies. A. The Boston Port Act - closed the port of Boston to trade B. The Massachusetts Government Act - revoked the colony's charter and forbade town meetings C. The Quartering Act - required the colonists to provide billets for British soldiers D. The Impartial Administration of Justice Act - removed British officials from the jurisdiction of Massachusetts courts

24 Response to the Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) I. Colonists sent aid to Boston; Boycotted British goods II. Colonists and British are extremely unhappy with one another A. A hatred between both sides is growing III. Established the First Continental Congress A. Argued that something had to be done B. The colonists should be free from Great Britain

25 ARE YOU WITH ME???? 1 Explain why Great Britain began heavily taxing the American colonies following the French & Indian War?? 2 Discuss why the colonists were unhappy and unwilling to pay taxes levied by Great Britain s Parliament: 3 List and explain three British taxes imposed on the 13 colonies following the French & Indian War: 4 Discuss whether the Boston Massacre was an act of self-defense or a senseless murder: 5 Explain the causes of the Boston Tea Party: 6 Explain the effects of the Boston Tea Party & the consequences that occurred as a result of it