FOREIGN AID AS AN INFLUENCE ON FOREIGN PUBLIC OPINION CIERRA M. L. POWELL

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1 FOREIGN AID AS AN INFLUENCE ON FOREIGN PUBLIC OPINION CIERRA M. L. POWELL

2 SOFT POWER FOREIGN AID MAY BUILD UP A RESOURCE OF SOFT POWER.

3 215 UNITED STATES ODA PER CAPITA Most common measure of foreign aid U.S. is the number one donor country/ historical context VANDERBILT S LAPOP SURVEY Surveys of public opinion in the Americas for over 3 years National surveys; reports on individual attitudes

4 ic-of-ecuador-map/old-map-ofecuador--equator-republic-oldmaps-and-vintage-prints QUESTIONS FOR ANALYSIS Model and Trustworthiness Sector of country Household income Receive economic assistance Salary sufficiency y/latin-americacaribbean/details

5 LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Bolivia Brasil Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Haiti Jamaica Panama Peru Uruguay Venezuela

6 FINDINGS LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN 216 % as U.S. Model % U.S. as Model in Relation to 215 Total ODA Disbursement/Population Panama Costa RIca Venezuela Brasil Ecuador Uruguay Bolivia Peru Jamaica El Salvador y =.185x p= % U.S. Trustworthy.9.8 % U.S. Trustworthiness in Relation to 215 Total ODA Disbursement/Population Venezuela Brasil Ecuador Uruguay Bolivia Costa Rica Panama Jamaica Peru El Salvador y =.23x + 56, p= ODA (millions)/population (millions) ODA (millions)/population (millions)

7 FINDINGS FOR ECUADOR Share Identifying U.S. as Somewhat or Very Trustworthy Trustworthiness in Relation to Household Income y =.1x + 86 Binned scatter plot % naming the U.S. as a model % for US as a Model in Relation to Whether a Household Receives Economic Assistance from Abroad P-value for difference in proportions= Household Income Yes Whether household receives economic assistance from abroad No

8 LIMITATIONS - Political controls - Elite rhetoric - Aggregate level study - Not a study across time

9 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Foreign aid is one factor associated with Variation in positive views of donor countries

10 GRACIAS! THANK YOU!

11 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS: ECUADOR (TRUST) Some Trustworthiness for the U.S. in Relation to Whether the Respondent Receives Economic Assistance 1.2 Trustworthiness in Relation to Salary Sufficiency Share naming US as Model Sharing Identifying U.S. Trustworthiness 1.8 no yes Whether a household receives economic assistance from abroad (remittances) Good Enough Salary Sufficiency Not Good Enough

12 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS: ECUADOR (TRUST) Trustworthiness in Relation to Household Income y =.1x + 86 Binned scatter plot Trustworthiness Household Income

13 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS: ECUADOR (MODEL) % for U.S. as Model in Relation to Salary Sufficiency % for U.S. as Model in Relation to Sector the Respondent Lives 5 5 Share Naming the U.S. as Model Share Naming the U.S. as Model good ok sorta bad bad rural small med large capital Salary Sufficiency Sector of Country Respondent Lives

14 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS: ECUADOR (MODEL) 6 % for US as a Model in Relation to Whether a Household Receives Economic Assistance from Abroad P-value for difference in proportions=.11 6 % for U.S. as Model in Relation to Household Income y = -.126x Binned scatter plot Share naming the U.S. as a model Share Naming the U.S. as Model Yes No Whether household receives economic assistance from abroad Binned Household Income

15 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS: MODEL (URB/RUR) 216 % U.S. as model Urban Population Country Comparison: % U.S. as Model (Urban) in relation to 215 U.S. ODA Disburment/Population Venezuela Brasil Costa Rica Panama Ecuador Bollivia Peru Uruguay Jamaica y =.13x p-value=.8 El Salvador 216 % U.S. as model Rural Population Country Comparison: % U.S. as Model (Rural) in relation to 215 U.S. ODA Disbursement/Population.8 Panama Brasil Venezuela Costa Rica Ecuador Uruguay Bolivia Peru Jamaica y =.223x p-value=.8 El Salvador U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/population (millions) U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/ Population (millions)

16 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS: TRUST (URB/RUR) Country Comparison: Trustworthiness (Urban) in relation to 215 U.S. ODA Disbursement/Population Country Comparison: % U.S. Trustworthiness (Rural) in relation to 215 U.S. ODA Disbursment/Population 216 % U.S. Trustworthy Urban Population.9.8 Venezuela Ecuador Brasil Bolivia Uruguay Costa Rica Panama Peru Jamaica y =.284x + 76, p=.2 El Salvador 216 % U.S. Trustworthy Rural Population.9.8 Ecuador Uruguay Brasil Costa Rica Panama Venezuela Bolivia Peru Jamaica y =.232x p=.6 El Salvador U.S. ODA (millions)/population (millions) U.S. ODA (millions)/population (millions)

17 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS W HAITI MODEL 216 % U.S. Trustworthiness.9.8 Country Comparison: % U.S. Trustworthiness (w/ Haiti) in relation to 215 Total ODA Disbursement/Population Costa Rica Venezuela El Salvador Panama Ecuador Brasil Uruguay Bolivia Jamaica Peru y =.4x + 614, p=3 Haiti 216 % as U.S. Model Uruguay Country Comparison: % U.S. as Model (w/ Haiti) in relation to 215 Total ODA Disbursement/Population Jamaica Panama Costa Rica Venezuela Brasil Ecuador Peru Bolivia El Salvador y =.6x p=.6 Haiti total U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/population (milions) ODA (millions)/ Population (in millions)

18 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS HAITI TRUST (URB/RUR) 216 % U.S. Trustworthiness Rural Population.9.8 Country Comparison: % U.S. Trustworthiness: Rural (w/ Haiti) in Relation to 215 Total U.S. ODA Disbursement/Population Costa Rica Panama El Salvador Venezuela EcuadorJamaica Uruguay Peru Brasil Bolivia y =.41x p= Haiti 216 % U.S. Trustworthiness Urban Population.9.8 Country Comparison: % U.S. Trustworthiness: Urban (w/ Haiti) in Relation to 215 Total U.S. ODA Disbursement/Population Costa Rica Brasil Bolivia Uruguay El Salvador Venezuela Ecuador Peru Panama Jamaica y =.58x p= Haiti Total U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/population (millions) Total U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/population (millions)

19 ADDITIONAL FINDINGS HAITI MODEL (URB/RUR) Country Comparison: % U.S. as Model: Rural (w/haiti) in Relation to 215 Total U.S. ODA Disbursement/Population Country Comparison: % U.S. as Model: Urban (w/ Haiti) in Relation to 215 Total U.S. ODA Disbursement/Population 216 % U.S. as Model Rural Population.8 El Salvador Jamaica Panama B Venezuela Costa Rica Ecuador UruguayPeru Bolivia y =.61x + 98 p-value= 1.78 Haiti 216 % U.S. as Model Urban Population Costa Rica Panama Jamaica El Salvador Venezuela Brasil Ecuador Bolivia Ur Peru y =.55x + 27 p-value= 1.87 Haiti Total U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/population (millions) Total U.S. ODA Disbursement (millions)/population (millions)