Safety and Health among Older Construction Workers in the United States

Transcription

1 Safety and Health among Older Construction Workers in the United States Xiuwen Sue Dong, DrPH Xuanwen Wang, PhD Rebecca Katz, MPH May 8-11, 2018 Bethesda, MD CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring, Maryland

2 Disclosures This study was funded by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) grant U60OH The contents of this presentation are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIOSH

3 Section 1 1. Trends of Aging Workforce 2 3 4

4 Average Age (in years) Between 1985 and 2016, the average age jumped 6.6 years in construction, and 4.9 years for all U.S. workers Construction All industries Source: CPWR, The Construction Chart Book, sixth edition, Chart 13a.

5 Probability of working full time Probability of working full time after age 62 and 65 among older workers, by cohort 60% 50% 40% 30% 42.3% 22.8% 49.9% 31.6% 52.0% 34.7% 53.9% 40.7% 20% 10% 0% HRS ( ) WB ( ) EBB ( ) MBB ( ) Cohort (Birth year) Working full time after 62 Working full time after 65 Source: Dong XS, Wang X, Ringen K, Sokas R. Baby boomers in the United States: Factors associated with working longer and delaying retirement. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Apr; 60(4):

6 Probability of working full time Probability of working full time after 65 among older workers, by cohort and occupation 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 42.9% 43.5% 38.8% 28.9% 30.6% 23.8% HRS ( ) EBB ( ) MBB ( ) Cohort (Birth year) Construction trades Management occupations Source: Dong XS, Wang X, Ringen K, Sokas R. Baby boomers in the United States: Factors associated with working longer and delaying retirement. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Apr; 60(4):

7 Section Patterns of Fatal & Nonfatal Injuries 3 4

8 Rate per 100,000 full-time workers The rate of fatal injuries for workers aged 55+ years doubled that for workers under age Age group Construction All industries Source: 2016 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) and the Current Population Survey. Fatality numbers are from the CFOI online database. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

9 Percentage of fatal falls Risks of fatal falls increase with age 30% Percentage 28.2% % 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Rate % 20.2% 15.7% 10.8% % % Age group Deaths per 100,000 FTEs Source: CPWR Quarterly Data Report: First Quarter,

10 Percentage of fatal struck-by injuries Risks of fatal struck by injuries increase with age 30% % 20% 15% 10% 5% % Percentage Rate % 17.5% % % % % Deaths per 100,000 FTEs 0% Age group 0.0 Source: CPWR Quarterly Data Report: Second Quarter,

11 Percentage of deaths Risk of fatal caught-in/between injuries increased with age 30% Percentage 26.9% % 20% 15% 10% 5% % Rate % 17.8% % % % Deaths per 100,000 FTEs 0% Age group 0.0 Source: CPWR Quarterly Data Report, Fourth Quarter,

12 Risks of fatal falls from ladders increase among older construction workers From roof From ladder From scaffold staging To lower level, n.e.c. or unspecified From floor, dock, or ground level From nonmoving vehicle From building girders Other Percentage 15.4% 15.2% 17.0% 12.0% 11.7% 6.9% 7.2% 6.4% 5.1% 3.3% 7.2% 8.1% 2.1% 25.4% 22.7% Aged 55+ Aged % Source: Dong et al Fatal falls among older construction workers. Hum Factors, 54(3):

13 Rate per 10,000 full-time workers Rates of nonfatal falls, slips, trips increase with age Falls to lower level Falls on same level Slips, trips without fall to to to to to to and Over Source: 2016 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.

14 Rate per 10,000 full-time workers Rates of MSDs, sprains / strains / tears, soreness / pain, and fractures increase with age to to to to to to MSD Sprains, strains, tears Soreness, pain Fracture Source: 2016 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.

15 Rate per 10,000 full-time workers Rates of injuries due to contact with / struck by / against object / equipment decrease with age to to to to to to 64 Contact with object, equipment Struck by object or equipment Struck against object or equipment Source: 2016 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.

16 Median days away from work Older workers need longer recovery periods if injured 25 Construction All industries All Age group Source: 2016 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.

17 Section Health Status and Medical Costs 4

18 Percent in age group During the past 30 days, have you had any symptoms of pain, aching, or stiffness in or around a joint? 60% 50% 54.0% 54.1% 46.9% 52.5% 40% 30% 20% 22.0% 17.8% 33.2% 25.7% 37.8% 37.1% 10% 0% Age group Construction All industries Source: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

19 Percent in age group WITHOUT the use of hearing aids or other listening devices, is your hearing a little trouble, moderate trouble, a lot of trouble, or are you deaf? 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 43.2% 36.8% 28.0% 18.7% 20.0% 10.7% 12.8% 6.8% 5.0% 7.1% Age group Construction All industries Source: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

20 Percent in age group Do you have trouble seeing, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses? 16% 15.1% 15.2% 14% 12% 11.3% 11.3% 11.8% 12.2% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 6.3% 5.2% 4.4% 2.4% Age group Construction All industries Source: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

21 % of workers Prevalence of obesity increased by 43% among U.S. workers from 2000 to % 80% 21% 30% 60% 36% 34% 40% 20% 43% 35% 0% Normal & under weight Overweight Obese Source: National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

22 % in age group Percentage of workers who were overweight/obese, % 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 79% 74% 74% 69% 66% 69% 65% 54% All Age Group Construction All industries Source: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

23 % of workers Current cigarette smokers declined by 40% among U.S. workers from 2000 to % 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 33% 25% 24% 15% 0% All industries Construction Source: National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

24 % in age group Older workers are more likely to be former cigarette smokers, but less likely to be current smokers 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 43% 27% 29% 27% 23% 24% 17% 19% All Age Group Current smokers Former smokers Source: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

25 % of workers Work limitations among construction workers aged 50+ years, by cigarette smoking status, BMI 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Mean Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI 42.4% 41.9% 36.9% 34.2% 29.4% Smoke Now Smoke Ever Never Smoke Obese Average Source: Health and Retirement Study. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

26 % of workers Work limitations among construction workers aged 50+ years, by type of condition 70% 60% 64.9% 58.5% 50% 53.7% 52.1% 50.5% 47.3% 45.0% 44.0% 40.5% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Lung diseases Stroke Back problems Heart problems Psych problems Type of condition Diabetes Cancer Arthritis High blood pressure Source: Health and Retirement Study. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

27 Work limitations among construction workers aged 50+ years, by physical exercise >1 per Week 1 per Week % of workers 21.4% 18.8% 13.7% 26.3% 23.7% 18.0% Light Moderate Vigorous 1-3 per Month 15.5% 27.4% 39.0% Never 38.6% 56.1% 54.0% Source: Health and Retirement Study. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

28 Health expenditures increase with age All industries Construction $8,488 $1, and over $1,170 $12,354 $6,641 $ $855 $5,082 $4,206 $3,081 $2,402 $675 $504 $ $3,399 $933 $2,543 $365 $1,403 $196 Total medical expenditures Out-of-pocket expenditures Source: 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

29 Out of pocket expenditures Out-of-pocket expenditures for baby boomers in poor health nearly tripled that for those in excellent/very good health $10,000 Mean Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 $5,966 $4,544 $2,786 $2,106 Excellent/Very good Good Fair Poor Self-reported physical health Source: 2014 Health and Retirement Study. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.

30 Section Conclusion / Discussion

31 Conclusion / Discussion Older workers have: Declined work ability Higher prevalence of chronic conditions Higher fatality rates Longer recovery periods (if injured) Higher medical costs (however, age is less of a factor in health care costs than the presence of health conditions) Healthy aging Promote Total Worker Health (even light physical exercise can make difference) The value of older workers will overcome the negative effects of aging with appropriate management

32 Data Sources Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) Current Population Survey (CPS) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Health and Retirement Study (HRS)

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