FDR inspired American public

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2 FDR inspired American public bulldog determination to succeed the Brain Trust instill hope and courage in the people - "We have nothing to fear but fear itself" pragmatist rather than ideologue fireside chats

3 Hundred Days 4 day bank holiday-- Emergency Banking Relief Act June, FDIC, guaranteed deposits up to $5,000 Federal Securities Act--SEC regulate the stock market abandoned gold standard 21st Amendment, ending prohibition Farm Credit Administration & Home Owner's Loan Act-- low-interest rates on refinancing mortgages

4 CCC created jobs for young men aged Federal Emergency Relief Administration-- Harry Hopkins--$500 million state construction projects adult literacy programs college aid for poor students day-care centers for lowincome families TVA--bring electricity to poorest region of nation

5 AAA (May 1933) National Industrial Recovery Act (June 1933) immunity from antitrust regulate labor conditions-- right to organize National Recovery Administration (NRA) set production limits, wages, and working conditions forbade price cutting & unfair competitive practices publicity program buy only from Blue Eagle

6 PWA--$3.3 billion public-works program, Harold Ickles 35,000 projects Reconstruction Finance Company (Hoover) continued loans to banks, insurance companies, and railroads

7 Legislation after the Hundred Days Civil Works Administration - -$1 billion on short-term projects

8 Problems for the New Deal Southern Tenant Farmers braintrust split between concentrating on all agricultural versus helping rural poor New Deal didn t end depression, but most people support FDR's programs

9 FDR challenged by conservatives & radicals Father Charles Coughlin Catholic radio program new system based on "social justice" nation's problems were caused by bankers anti-semitism censured by Catholic church

10 Huey Long ("Kingfish") Governor then Senator of Louisiana Share Our Wealth program liquidate all personal fortunes above certain amount give every family enough money to buy home, automobile & radio elderly would receive pensions assassinated in 1935

11 Biggest challenge to New Deal comes from Supreme Court AAA & NIRA ruled unconstitutional

12 FDR wins reelection in 1936 > Second New Deal focuses on needs of urban and rural poor and workers expand federal relief efforts to American workers deficit spending -- John Maynard Keynes economic policy deficit spending will pump money into economy & combat depression

13 WPA - Harry Hopkins - 11 billion to put people to work 8 million people in 34,000 construction projects murals, photographs, Slave narratives National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) requires employers to bargain with unions National Labor Relations Board Resettlement Administration--farmers, tenants, sharecroppers Rural Electrification Administration replaced by the Farm Security Administration

14 Social Security Act old-age pensions survivors' benefits for families of deceased workers unemployment insurance Revenue Act--Raised tax rates on incomes over $50,000 established federal tax on corporations Fair Labor Standards Act Set minimum wage and maximum work-week prohibited child labor under age of 16

15 Court-packing 1937, FDR tried to stop Supreme Court striking down New Deal Proposes court-reform bill Allowed president to appoint a new justices to sit with any justice over 70 who would not retire Killed by Congress, but Court stops striking down New Deal Hurt FDR s public image

16 Recession of 1937, caused by reduced consumer spending due to social security deductions cutbacks in New Deal work and relief programs to balance budget FDR and Congress revived and expand the PWA, WPA, etc. and other work programs revival of economy begins and unemployment declines

17 Changed role of 1 st Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

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19 Letters to Mrs. Roosevelt Who wrote to the First Lady? What did they write about? What can you learn from the letters about the Great Depression & New Deal?

20 Letters to Mrs. Roosevelt Who wrote to the First Lady? What did they write about? What can you learn from the letters about the Great Depression & New Deal? Dear Mrs. Roosevelt, written by Woody Guthrie after FDR s death, as sung by Bob Dylan