Great Depression. Great Crash FDR & New Deal Response to New Deal Nation on Hard Times

Transcription

1 Great Depression Great Crash FDR & New Deal Response to New Deal Nation on Hard Times

2 Great Crash Signs of trouble Crash! Depression begins Hoover s response Bonus Army

3 Signs of trouble Some industries not booming Textiles Coal Farmers costs rise, but production too, so Mid-1920s, slow down unnoticed b/c no stats kept by gov t!

4 Crash Aug 1929 some start to worry sell off stocks September, more sell off On margin Oct big sell-off So stock prices fall b/c no buyers 29 Oct Black Tuesday

5 Great Depression Begins Causes Overproduction Lay-offs Wages don t increase Weak banking system Bad loans 5000 banks close There goes your savings!

6 Great Depression Begins Downward Spiral Stock mkt crash ruins investors, so Business can t grow without investors or banks to lend $ $, so Factories cut production with fewer and fewer buyers, so Business goes bankrupt, close factory, everyone is out of work

7 Hard Times Rising unemployment Avg day, one NY job agency had 5000 applications for each job Sidewalk stands

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9 Hard Times Human cost Marriage & birth rates dropped Families fel apart Rode the rails Ppl move in together

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11 Hoover Responds Gov t aid Relief programs Called on charities Soup kitchens public works projects 1932 Reconstruction Finance corp loan $ $ to banks, RR, insurance Co to help stay in business

12 Hoover Responds Depression deepens! Hoover = too little, too late Hoovervilles

13 Bonus Army

14 QUESTIONS Stock market crash that shook ppl s confidence in the economy Place where hungry ppl could get food Group of shacks where homeless lived Jobless veterans who marched on Washington 1932 Unable to repay debts

15 QUESTIONS What were troubling signs in the economy when Hoover took office? Why did stock prices fall in 1929? What caused the Great Depression? How were families affected? How did Hoover s actions lead to the Bonus army s encampment?

16 FDR & New Deal FDR Hundred days Relief for jobless Promoting recovery Preventing another depression

17 Franklin D. Roosevelt Family background Polio 1921

18 Franklin D. Roosevelt Gov NY pres candidate = Dem Call to action I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people. landslide

19 The Hundred Days Brain trust Try a method if it fails, admit it and try another. Above all, try something. Saving banks Bank holidays (first = 4 days) Emergency banking Relief Act Only reopen if enough $$

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23 The Hundred Days Fireside chats Flood of new laws

24 FDR Economic Recovery Plan, Fireside Chat #4 1933_10_23

25 New Deal Goals Relief for jobless Plans for recovery Reforms to prevent another depression

26 Relief for the Jobless CCC Civilian Conservation Corps $1 a day Public works projects Young ppl

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28 Relief for the Jobless FERA Federal Emergency Relief Administration $$ to state & local agencies for redistribution to unemployed

29 Relief for the Jobless WPA Works Progress Administration 1935 Bldg hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, airports Artists, actors, writers

30 WPA (Works Progress Administration)

31 Promoting recovery Helping industry Plans to control production, stabilize prices, keep workers on job National Industry Recovery Act Each industry wrote rules for production, wages, prices, working conditions

32 Promoting recovery NRA Blue eagle if compliant Trouble many ignore the codes or felt they favored big firms PWA Public Works Administration Grand Coulee dam in WA Aircraft carriers Ports

33 Promoting recovery Helping farmers Need to limit production! REA Rural Electrification Administration AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act Paid farmers not to grow & destroy excess livestock Outrage but worked

34 Promoting recovery Tennessee Valley Authority Remade Tennessee River valley Poor farmland, so poor populace Dams to control flooding Forests planted to conserve soils Schools Health centers Critics: no right to take business away from private companies Power companies: since you don t have to show profit for shareholders, we cannot compete!

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36 Preventing another Depression Regulate stock mkt Truth in Securities act Control trading! FDIC Extension of Pure Food Act

37 QUESTIONS First action of FDR was to solve what crisis? Who were helped by CCC and FERA? How did Agricultural Adjustment Act help fight overproduction? What did the national Industrial recovery Act do?

38 Response to New Deal Critics of New Deal FDR and Supreme Court Labor Reform Social security New Deal balance Sheet

39 Critics of New Deal Huey Long Share Our wealth Heavy taxes on rich Everyone a house, car, income Corrupt guy

40 Critics of New Deal Francis Townsend Pensions ($200 / mo) for all over 60 Liberty League Too much interference w/business Taking away freedoms

41 FDR and Supreme Court 1935 NIRA ruled unconst Ag. Adj. Act ruled unconst. Then 8 other New Deal laws

42 Court-Packing Scheme Plan to expand the court Mandate in 1936 election 9 to 15 Outcry backfired withdrew proposal

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44 Labor Reform National Labor Relations Act A.k.a. Wagner Act Protection from unfair labor practices (ie, firing worker for joining union) Collective bargaining right

45 Labor Reform Union membership grows 3 million to 9 million in 1930s Congress of Industrial Organizations set up representing unions of whole industries Violent confrontations anyway Sit-down strikes Goodyear, Akron OOH

46 Social security 1935 Pensions Unemployment insurance States get $$ to support dependent children and disabled Critics Doesn t include farm workers, domestic servants, or self-employed Taking $$ from employed ppl

47 New Deal balance Sheet FOR Ended banking crisis Protected farmers Work for millions of unemployed Gov t has responsibility to use power to help, not just wealthy Saved democracy AGAINST Gov t now BIG in size & power intrusive Threatens private property and freedom critics want return to laissez-faire Deficit spending gov t debt got huge Critics point out that it did not, in fact, end the depression

48 QUESTIONS Guaranteed workers right to collective bargaining When gov t spends more than it takes in Total sum gov t owes Represented workers in whole industries, like steel, autos, textiles Law set up for pension program

49 QUESTIONS Workers stop machines and refuse to leave factory Who called for huge taxes on rich? How did Supreme Court respond to NIRA and 10 other New deal laws?

50 QUESTIONS What system created payments for retired or jobless workers? What act gave workers the right to unionize? Give reasons for and against the new Deal

51 Nation on Hard Times Dust Bowl Women face the depression African Americans Other Americans Arts of the Depression

52 Woody Guthrie - Talking Dust Bowl Blues

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61 Dust Bowl Buried under dust Drought Topsoil dries out Overgrazing Soil erosion through plowing

62 Dust Bowl Migrant workers Okies Forced to go west, but unwanted there

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64 Woman face the Depression Women in workplace Few jobs for women men=priority Take in laundry, boarders, stretch family budgets Married women who work increases 52% despite odds against

65 Woman face the Depression An active first lady Toured the nation president s eyes and ears Justice for all Column My day

66 African Americans 50% unemployment among Afr. Amer Black Cabinet Civil rights

67 Other Americans Mexican Americans Farmers in southwest faced discrimination Sent home in hard times

68 Other Americans Asian Americans discrimination Native Americans Indian New Deal Gave Native Americans more self government over reservations IRA (Indian Reorganization Act)

69 Arts in the Depression Painting, photography Radio Escape Everyone has a radio Movies Optimism Shirley temple Disney Cartoons Gone with the Wind Wizard of Oz Thomas Hart Benton

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71 Thomas Hart Benton

72 Thomas Hart Benton

73 Grant Wood

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75 Grant Wood

76 Dorothea Lange

77 Dorothea Lange

78 Dorothea Lange

79 Dorothea Lange

80 QUESTIONS During the 1930s, one region in the central Great Plains became known as the Hundreds of people from some Great Plains states left their homes and became

81 QUESTIONS Two unofficial advisors in Roosevelt s were Robert C Weaver and Mary McLeod Bethune. African Americans had limited success in obtaining their during the Great Depression The expanded land holdings, strengthened governments, and provided jobs

82 QUESTIONS What was the Dust bowl? What problems did working women face during the Great Depression? How did the New Deal help African Americans?

83 QUESTIONS What was the Indian New Deal? How did writers and artists reflect American life during the Depression? What role did radio and movies play during the depression?