PROFILE OF INDUSTRIES IN MAHARASHTRA STATE

Transcription

1 3.1. Introduction: CHAPTER - III PROFILE OF INDUSTRIES IN MAHARASHTRA STATE Chapter third deals with the overall industrial profile of Maharashtra state. It gives the details about the total industries, their products, geographical, employment and industrial growth of Maharashtra state in detail. The Maharashtra state is situated in India, and the India is unity of all states. The word India is explained in constitution of India in first article that, India that is a Bharat. (1) The word Maharashtra has derived from Maharattha. Next philosophy is The Mahars have often been considered as the original inhabitants of what is now the Indian state of Maharashtra and, according to Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar, a historian of the region, the state's name derives from theirs (Maharance raṣṭra means land of the Mahars). (2) As per the statement of Jyotiba Phule in his book Gulamgiri, Mahars were great warriors and against to Brahmin; they are Mahaari so the name Maharashtra has come from Mahar-ari. (3) Now Maharashtra may mean the country of Mahars, a trible still known as the province though in degraded position, and still numerous thought the Maratha country that whenever there is a village, there is the Maharwada the Mahars mentioned by Cognomen which they still bear that of Parwar by Ptolemy in the second century of Christai Era, and in his days they were evidently a people of distinct Geographical recognition with the forest and mountain tribes on our neighborhood, still wholly or partially beyond the pace of Hinduism; they may me supposed to be people, originally speaking a Turanian language in 69

2 Maratha country, who were conquered and kept in the state of subjection by the Arryas, who however soon because so predominated in the country. (4) The Mahars themselves have a tradition that their first king was Naga. This may be a folk memory of Naga dynasty which once held sway over what is now known is Maharashtra. (5) Maharashtra is a land characterized by the unique world heritage like the caves of Buddha and Jain. Painting from the Ajanta Caves in the suburb of Aurangabad, created in the sixth century is the world famous. The Nasik Gazetteer states that in 246 BC Maharashtra is mentioned as one of the places to which Mauryan emperor Ashoka sent an embassy; Maharashtra is recorded in a Chalukyan inscription as have three provinces and 99,000 villages. The description of Maharashtra is recorded by Chinese traveler, Hiuen-Tsang. The name of Maharashtra also appeared in the 7 th century. In 90 AD Vedishri, son of the Satavahana king, Satakarni, the "Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty", made Junnar, thirty miles north of Pune, the capital of his kingdom.the land of Maharashtra was also ruled by Kharavela, Western Satraps, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara, Vakataka, Kadambas, Chalukya Empire, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, and Western Chalukya before Yadava rule In the early 14 th century the Yadava dynasty, which ruled most of present-day Maharashtra, was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate ruler, Ala-ud-din Khilji. Then Muhammad bin Tughluq occupied some parts of the Deccan, and he shifted capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Maharashtra. He ruled this region up to 1347, later the local Bahmani Sultanate of Gulbarga took over this region under his control for next 150 years. Bahmani Sultanate was ended. And the religion of Bahamani Sultanate was run up to Later Land of Maharashtra was divided into some regions that were Nizamshah of Ahmednagar, Adilshah of Bijapur, Qutubshah of Golkonda, Bidarshah of Bidar and Imadshah of Berar. Thay were known as five Deccan Sultananets. They often fought amongst each other and they decisively defeated the Vijayanagara Empire of the south in Even the 70

3 present area of Mumbai was ruled by Sultanate of Gujarat before it was captured by Portugal in 1535 and Faruqidynasty ruled Khandesh region between 1382 and 1601 before Mughal annexation. Malik Ambar was the regent of the Nizamshahi dynasty of Ahmednagar from 1607 to During the said period he increased the strength and power of Murtaza Nizam Shah and increased a large army. Malik Ambar is said to be one of the proponent of Guerilla warfare in the Deccan region. Malik Ambar assisted Shah Jahan wrestle power in Delhi from his stepmother, Nur Jahan, who had ambitions of seating her son-in-law on the throne. (6) Maharashtra was the part of the Bombay Presidency upto 1909 By the early 17 th century, Shahaji Bhosale, an ambitious local general in the service of the Mughals and Adil Shah of Bijapur, attempted to establish his independent rule. Shahaji Bhosale s Shivaji succeeded in establishing Maratha Empire. Shivaji established organization of young boys called Mavalas. Later on Shivaji s region was expanded by Bhosle of Nagpur, Gaikwad of Baroda, Holkar of Indore, Scindia of Gwalior and Peshwas (prime ministers). Marathas and Mughals were arch enemies of one another. The Marathas defeated the Mughals, and conquered large territories in Northern and Central parts of the Indian subcontinent. After the defeat at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, the Maratha restored their supremacy and ruled central and north India including New Delhi till the end of the eighteenth century. (7) Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, a king mass responsibility is known as hero of Mawala. He ruled Maharashtra. He was also known great hero of Mahrashtra. During the region of Shivaji Maharaj Bramhin Peshwai was trying to capture Maharashtra. Brahmin Peshwa succeeded to capture Maharashtra. Brahmin peshava ruled Maharashtra. Peshva followed rule and regulation of Manusmruti that was religious book of Brahmin. Brahmin Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudras and atishudras (touchable and non-touchable shudras) these were varn system. Shudras and atishudras were made slave of upper three varn which were 71

4 Brahmin, Kshtriya and Vaishya and their population was 3%, 6%, 6% respectively. Their comprising percentage is 15% and the population of Shudras and atishudras was 85%. These people were ruled by Brahmin as slaves. British government destroyed Peshava Brahmin with 500 solders. It was a battle between 500 shudras and atishudras verses 28,000 Peshva solders. With this battle British government won and occupied Maharashtra in 1 st January 1818 in Bhima koregaon Pune. The Third Anglo-Maratha war ( ) led to the end of the Maratha Empire and East India Company ruled the country from 1819 to (8) East India Company was established in 1600 by British emperor. They governed the region as part of the Bombay Presidency, which spanned an area from Karachi in Pakistan to northern Deccan. A number of the Maratha states persisted as princely states, retaining autonomy in return for acknowledging British suzerainty. The largest princely states in the territory of present-day Maharashtra were Nagpur, Satara and Kolhapur. Satara was annexed to Bombay Presidency in 1848, and Nagpur was annexed in 1853 to become Nagpur Province, later part of the Central Provinces. Berar, which had been part of the Nizam of Hyderabad's kingdom, was occupied by the British in 1853 and annexed to the Central Provinces in However, a large part of present-day Maharashtra, called Marathwada, remained part of the Nizam's Hyderabad State throughout the British reign. Marathwada region was under the Nizam. The British rule was marked by social reforms and an improvement in infrastructure as well as revolts due to their discriminatory policies. At the beginning of the 20th century, the struggle for participation in British administration was major issue. The leaders of India were demanding equal participation in all sectors. They readied that the Traditional laws should be kept in states. It was one of the important demands of so called philosopher and political leaders. Later it turned into independence movement. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and the moderates like Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, Pheroze shah Mehta and Dadabhai Nowrojee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale etc. were fighting Britishers. Quit 72

5 India was a movement which called by Mohandas karamchand Gandhi in It was nonviolent movement that too British government attacked on activist of Quit India Movement. The ultimatum to the British to "Quit India" was given in Mumbai, and culminated in the transfer of power and the independence of India in B. G. Kher was the first Chief Minister of the Bombay Presidency. (9) After India's independence in 1947 the operation of Hyderabad was done in 1948 by using military force, it was called Operation Polo. After getting total independence, lot of regions were separated, the regions and states were integrated into the Union of India, like the Deccan States, including Kolhapur were integrated into Bombay State, which was created from the former Bombay Presidency in In 1956, the States Reorganization Act reorganized the Indian states on linguistic lines, and Bombay Presidency State was enlarged by the addition of the predominantly Marathi-speaking regions of Marathwada (Aurangabad Division) from erstwhile Hyderabad state and Vidarbha region from the Central Provinces and Berar. Also, southernmost part of Bombay State was ceded to Mysore one. From the people of Maharashtra strongly protested against bilingual Bombay state and Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti under the leadership of Dr. Gopalrao Khedkar was formed. Mahagujarat Movement was also started for separate Gujarat state. Dr. Gopalrao Khedkar, S.M. Joshi, S.A. Dange, P.K. Atre and other leaders fought for a separate state of Maharashtra with Mumbai as its capital. Maharashtra and Gujarat these two states were together. For better administration Maharashtra was separate from Gujarat on 1 May This day is known as Maharashtra Day Geographical Area of the Maharashtra State: (10) Maharashtra is third largest state in India. Maharashtra s land area is 308,000 km². It has some Border States, Madhya Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, Karnataka to the south, and Goa to the southwest. The state of Gujarat lies to the northwest, with the 73

6 Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli sandwiched in between. The Arabian Sea makes up Maharashtra's west coast. In Maharashtra there are some mountains known as Ghats, Lie The Western Ghats better known as Sahyadri, are a hilly range running parallel to the coast, at an average elevation of 1,200 meters (4,000 ft). Kalsubai, a peak in the Sahyadris, near Nashik city, is the highest elevated point in Maharashtra. To the west of these hills lie the Konkan coastal plains, kilometers in width. To the east of the Ghats lies the flat Deccan Plateau. The Western Ghats form one of the three watersheds of India, from which many South Indian rivers originate notable among them being Godavari River, and Krishna River, which flow eastward into the Bay of Bengal, forming one of the greatest river basins in India. Protected areas of several wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and Project Tiger reserves have been created in Maharashtra, with the aim of conserving the rich bio-diversity of the region. As of May 2004, India has 92 national parks, of which six are located in Maharashtra. There are 4 Project Tiger areas in Maharashtra: Tadoba-Andhari, Melghat, Sahyadri and Pench. A large percentage of Maharashtra's forests and wildlife lie along the Western Ghats or western Maharashtra and eastern Vidarbha. Navegaon National Park, located near Gondia in the eastern region of Vidarbha, is known as home of deer, bears, birds and leopards. Nagzira wildlife sanctuary lies in Tirora Range of Bhandara Forest Division, in Gondia district of Vidarbha region. The sanctuary consists of a range of hills with small lakes within its boundary. These lakes guarantee a source of water to wildlife throughout the year, and stimulate the beauty and bounty of the landscape. Tadoba Andhari Tiger Project, a prominent tiger reserve near Chandrapur in Vidarbha, is 40 km away from Chandrapur. Pench National Park, in Nagpur district, extends into Madhya Pradesh as well. It has now been upgraded into a Tiger project. Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Wardha district of Eastern Vidarbha. Due to large number of tigers along with other wild 74

7 animals, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary has been declared Special Tiger Zone by Govt. of Maharashtra in Chandoli National Park, located in Sangli district has a variety of flora and fauna. The Prachitgad Fort and Chandoli dam and scenic water falls frequently found around the park. Gugamal National Park, also known as Melghat Tiger Reserve is located in Amravati district. It is 80 km away from Amravati. Sanjay Gandhi National Park, also known as Borivali National Park is located in Mumbai and is the world's largest national park within city limits. Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, a man made wildlife sanctuary, situated 30 km from Sangli. Ancient temples of Lord Shiva and Jain Temple of Parshwanath located in Sagareshwar are an attractive tourist places Maldhok Sanctuary is situated in Solapur district. Some of its part is spread in Ahmednagar district. The sanctuary is famous for the Great Indian Bustard. Tansa Project was situated in Thane district and along the Tansa and Vaitarna river. The major water supplying dams such as Tansa, Modak sagar and lower vaitarna are located in the said Sanctuary. The fauna include Leopard, barking deer, Hyena, Flying squirrel and Wild boar. There are four forest ranges in the sanctuary: Tansa, Vaitarna, Khardi and Parli. The wildlife division headquarters is at Thane. Bhimashankar wildlife Sanctuary, is situated in the western Ghats and is famous for the Malabar Giant squirrel. This sanctuary is located in Thane, Raigad and Pune district of Maharashtra. Apart from these, Maharashtra has 35 wildlife sanctuaries spread all over the state. Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary and the Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary are the important ones. Matheran is a hillstaion which has been declared an ecosensitive zone (protected area) by the Government of India GDP of Maharashtra State: GDP of Maharashtra is one of the evaluation parameters to find out status of Maharashtra state. Various data are collected and prepared in table format to better evaluation of progress of domestic product. Maharashtra state and its strategic plan towards increasing gross domestic product are being made from 1th May 1960, it is called Maharashtra day. Now the Maharashtra state is trying to 75

8 lead to increase GDP at India level. Table number 3.1 is given below for this purpose and tried to give proper status of state. Sr. No. Table No. 3.1 Performance of Gross Domestic Product (1980 to 2011) Years Product Increase/ Decrease Percentage Increase/ Decrease (In Crore) Deference in % with increase and decrease , ,160 1,29, ,330 3,68, ,578,180 9,13, ,386,720 8,08, ,759,150 43,72, ,076,732 53,17, Total 2,39,27, (Source: Data compile from Census of India published by Government of India in 2011.) As stated in the above table no 3.1, G. D. P. of Maharashtra was 166,310 Crore in 1980 which was considered base year to find out proper data. Percentage of Gross Domestic Product in 1985 were as %. GDP has been given for per five years. In 1990 the GDP was 9,13,850 Crore. In ,08, ,72,430 and ,17,582 Millennium. But when one see share in percentage, it becomes clear that GDP increased in the year 1995 by 2.65 %. In 2000 the GDP decreased by %, in 2005 the GDP increased by 30.81%. in the year 2011 the GDP decreased by %. The rate of GDP from 1980 to 2011 is not remarkable. 76

9 3.4. Population of Maharashtra as per 2011 census: Maharashtra is located in the western part of India. The capital of the state of Maharashtra is Mumbai. The state also has a sub capital known as winter capital, Nagpur. Maharashtra is the richest state in India and contributes the highest share in the country s GDP. Mumbai is both the financial and Administrative capital of the country. Mumbai is also the entertainment hub of India by virtue of it being home to Bollywood. The official language of Maharashtra is Marathi. Maharashtra is one the leading states of India. As per the census carried out by the government of India in 2011, the total population total of Maharashtra is mentioned as below: The population of Maharashtra as per the 2011 census is 112,372,972 compared to 96,878,627 in the 2001 census. During this decade the state of Maharashtra has registered a growth of 15.99% in the total population. Maharashtra accounts for 9.29% of the total population of India Urban and Rural Population: Close to half of the population of Maharashtra resides in rural areas. The rural population makes up 54.77% whereas the urban population makes up 45.23% of the total population. The total rural and urban population as per the 2011 census is 61,545,441 & 50,827,531 respectively. The urban population has increased by 23.67% whereas the rural population has increased by 10.34% during the last decade Population Density: The total area of Maharashtra is 307,713 Km 2. As per the 2011 census, population density is calculated at 365 persons per Km 2, which is almost equal to the national average of 382 per Km 2. As per the 2001 census population density was calculated at 315 persons per Km 2 which shows that there has been an increase of close to 15% in population density over the last decade. 77

10 Table No. 3.2 District wise distribution of population, sex ratio, density and growth rate of population of Maharashtra State. Sr. No. District Persons Male Female Sex ratio Density/ sq. km. Growth Rate 1 Nandurbar Dhule Jalgaon Buldana Akola Washim Amravati Wardha Nagpur Bhandara Gondiya Gadchiroli Chandrapur Yavatmal Nanded Hingoli Parbhani Jalna Aurangabad Nashik Thane

11 Contd. Table number Mumbai (Suburban) Mumbai Raigarh Pune Ahmadnagar Beed Latur Osmanabad Solapur Satara Ratnagiri Sindhudurg Kolhapur Sangli Total (Sources:- Census report 2011 Google search, Maharashtrapopulation.com, 12/11/2011) Table number 3.2 show the district wise population and growth rate in the state of Maharashtra. 35 districts are in the state of Maharashtra. Gender wise population is given. Population of Male and female is and Sex ratio of the state is 922. Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Gondiya these districts is having big sex ration compare to other district. Thane, Mumbai and Mumbai suburban these districts are lower in sex ratio i. e. 858, 822, and 777 respectively. That is 1136,1079 and 1005 respectively. Density sqr. meter is 365 and growth rate is as per census report of Thane district has biggest growth rate of population that is Sindhudurg district has low growth rate of population. 79

12 in terms of density in sqr. meter, Mumbai-Suburban is having biggest density. Some districts have minus growth rate. i. e. Mumbai, Ratnagiri and sindhudurg. Godchiroli district is having 74 density. It is lowest density in the Maharashtra state Literacy Rate: As per the census of 2011, Maharashtra has a literacy rate of 82.91%. The male literacy is 89.82% whereas the female literacy is 75.48%. There is a slight improvement in literacy rate as compared to 2001 when the literacy rate was 76.88% in the Maharashtra. 3.6 Location of Maharashtra: Maharashtra has been ruled by several emperors, all of whom have left their indelible mark on the land. The rulers include Ashoka, the Vakatakas, and the Delhi Sultanates, the Marathas, the Peshwas and then the British rule. Maharashtra and Gujarat stats were combine and they were separated on 1 st May The date is known as establishment of Maharashtra as a separate state of India 80

13 Map No. 3.1 Location of Maharashtra in India Maharashtra, located in Western India. It is one of the country's wealthiest states and it contributes around 15% of the country s industrial output ( figures). Maharashtra is the third largest state in the country and covers a geographical area of 307,731 km square and has a population of 112,372, 972 (2011 census). Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra and is also the largest city and financial capital of India. Nagpur and Pune are other important cities in the state. Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra. Maharashtra is divided into 35 districts and 6 administrative divisions, namely; Mumbai (Konkan), Pune, 81

14 Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravali and Nagpur. The 35 districts are divided into 109 sub-divisions and 358 talukas. Famous tourist destinations in Maharashtra include the capital city of Mumbai, which is also known as the New York City/Los Angeles of the East and is popular for the Hindi film industry, Bollywood. This buzzing city has many tourist attractions such as the Gateway of India, Bandra- Worli Sea link, Juhu Beach and the Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus among others. Aurangabad, also known as the tourism capital of Maharashtra, is known for its ancient Ajanta and Ellora caves. Nagpur, popular for producing some of India's finest oranges, is known for its temples. Ratnagiri is famous for its delicious mangoes, besides the famous coast. Geographically and culturally Maharashtra is divided into five regions. The Vidarbha region includes the eastern districts such as Nagpur, Chandrapur, Wardha, Amravati, Akola, Buldhana, and Yavatmal. The area here is forested with many wildlife sanctuaries. Central districts such as Aurangabad, Latur, Nanded, Jalna, Beed, Osmanabad, Hingoli are part of Marathawada region. Some districts such as Mumbai City, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Thane, and Sindhudurg are part of the Konkan region. Districts such as Nasik, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar, Dhule, and Nandurbar are part of the Khandesh region. Pune, Satara, Kohlapur, Sangli, and Solapur come in the (Desh) western region. The vegetation of the state mainly includes open scrub jungles which form the most important feature of the Deccan region. The forests region of Maharashtra comprises 17% of the total area which is present in the eastern part of the state and the Sahyadri range. There is diversity in the vegetation of the state mainly due to its climatic and topographical variations. Evergreen deciduous type of forests dominates the landscape. The main rivers of the state include Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi-Purna and Wardha-Wainganga. The Western ghats form the drainage area for most of the rivers flowing in the coastal region. The climate of Maharashtra is of a tropical monsoon type with a searing heat in the summer seasons and cold during winter. The monsoons have varied influence over 82

15 different regions, causing heavy rain at some places and mild rainfall in the rest ones Border Dispute: Maharashtra has a border dispute with the neighboring state of Karnataka over the district of Belgaum, Karwar and Nipani. Belgaum was incorporated into the newly formed Mysore state (now Karnataka) with the passage of the States Reorganization Act (1956), which reorganized India's states on linguistic lines. Due to three-fourths of the total population speaking Marathi, Maharashtra has continued to claim for the district. While the case is awaiting a verdict in the Supreme Court of India, the Government of Maharashtra wants the Central government to declare Belgaum and adjoining 865 villages as a Union Territory. Karnataka has rejected the move, claiming that Marathis in Karnataka are safe and lived in harmony. Table No 3.3 Demographic Population growth from 1971 to 2011 Sr. Year Population Increase / Decrease Ratio of Increase Decrease No (Source: Data compile of Census of India published by Government of India in 2011.) Table No. 3.3 shows the status of Population of India during the period, 1971 to It is increasing decade by decade is considered as a base year during which the population was crore in India. After ten years there was crore population in India and in percentage. In 1991 the population 83

16 increased by 20.46%, from 2001 to 2011 it increased by 18.41% and 13.90% respectively. But here rate of percentage showed decrease from As per the 2001 census, Maharashtra has a population of 96,752,247 inhabitants making it the second most populous state in India, and the second most populous country subdivision in existence, and third ever after the Russian SFSR of the former Soviet Union. The Marathi-speaking population of Maharashtra numbers 72,481,681 according to the 2011 census. Only eleven countries of the world have a population greater than Maharashtra. Its density is inhabitants per square kilometer. Males constitute 50.3 million and females, 46.4 million. Maharashtra's urban population stands at 42.4%. Its sex ratio is 922 females to 1000 males % of its population is literate, divided into 86.2% males and 67.5% females. Its growth rate between was pegged at 22.57% 3.8. Divisions and Regions: Maharashtra state is divided into six revenue divisions, which are further divided into thirty-five districts. These thirty-five districts are further divided into 109 sub-divisions at the districts and 357 Talukas in Maharashtra. Divisions The six administrative divisions in Maharashtra state are: Amravati Division, Aurangabad Division, Konkan Division, Nagpur Division, Nashik Division, and Pune Division Industrial background of Maharashtra State: Maharashtra state is fast developing industrial state in Asia and largest state as compared to other state in India in respect of industrial background. The state continues its predominant position as an industrial and service center, Mumbai is the commercial and financial capital of the country. Maharashtra continues to be one of the foremost state in the country, in terms of investment and economic growth. During the period to , the state s gross state domestic product (GSDP) grew at a compound accounted for 14.7 % of the 84

17 country s gross domestic product in This State has been a preferred investment destination for both domestic and foreign countries because of the availability of skilled manpower, enable infrastructure and socio-economic development. In , the manufacturing sector accounted for around 21.4 % of GSDP at current prices. Maharashtra has been a pioneer in many of the policy initiatives that support manufacturing sector and the state government recognizes. That manufacturing initiative is a key driver of state s economic growth. The state s current industrial investment and infrastructure policy announced on 12 th February 2007 has been successful in attracting substantial industrial development. since 2005, total industrial investment in Maharashtra has witnessed a threefold increase primarily attributed to the mega project policy, which has succeeded in attracting more than 2.8 lakh crore worth of investment in manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector during this policy period grew by 11.8%, surpassing its policy growth target of 10% traditional manufacturing sectors such as steel, auto & engineering and chemicals have been mainstay of industrial investment in the state. During the 2006 policy period, auto and engineering accounted for 27% share of industrial investment, whole chemicals and steel followed with 23 % and 15% share respectively, to retain its leading position in industrial investment, the state government will look to its strengths in attracting mega investment, its strengths in attracting mega investment. Various incentives will be provided to industrially underdeveloped regions, to promote balanced regional development. Investors are resources to develop industries and socio economic development of the society. That s why concentration of Maharashtra state will be on creating a hassle-free environment for investors during the entire investment cycle, be it before, during or after their investment. Government s activities are in favor of investors. accordingly, the Maharashtra government recognizes the challenges it faces in terms of making sufficient land available for industrial use, 85

18 ensuring adequate power and water for industrial purposes, building critical infrastructure in terms of roads, ports, airport, railroads and bridging skill gaps etc. steps are being taken to strengthen the supporting industrial infrastructure aimed at bringing other regions of the state functionally closer to growth centers such as Mumbai and Pune. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation,(MIDC) is taking care of all infrastructure. Special impetus is intended to be given for cluster development, competitiveness enhancing measures, and fiscal incentives for the holistic development of MSMEs. The state government is fully committed to faster, sustainable, and inclusive and balanced regional growth, to accelerate creation of employment opportunities and improve overall competitiveness of local industries. The country s first national manufacturing policy was recently approved. One of the key instruments to catalyze the growth of manufacturing will be establishment of national Investment and Manufacturing Zones(NIMZs) which will be developed in the nature of green field industrial townships, bench marked with the best manufacturing hubs in the implementation of this policy. Maharashtra has three of fifteen most important cities of India, Pune and Nagpur being the other two than the financial capital, Mumbai. Favorable economic policies in the 1970s led Maharashtra becoming India's leading industrial state in the last quarter of 20 th century. Over 41% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Maharashtra. Maharashtra's gross state domestic product for 2011 was at $ billion. The state's debt was estimated to be about 209,000 crore i.e. about 17% of GDP. In 2012 Maharashtra reported a revenue surplus of crore, with a total revenue of 136, crore and a spending of 136, crore, Maharashtra is the most urbanized state with urban population of 42% of whole population. The headquarters to the Financial Planning Standards Board India is in Maharashtra. Maharashtra is India's leading industrial state contributing 15% of national industrial output and over 40% of India's national revenue, 64.14% of the people 86

19 are employed in agriculture and allied activities. Almost 46% of the GSDP is contributed by industry. Major industries in Maharashtra include chemical and allied products, electrical and non-electrical machinery, textiles, petroleum and allied products. Other important industries include metal products, wine, jewelry, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, machine tools, steel and iron castings and plastic wares. Food crops include mangoes, grapes, bananas, oranges, wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, and pulses. Cash crops include groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, turmeric, and tobacco. The total net irrigated area is 33,500 square kilometers. Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the financial capital of India, houses the headquarters of all major banks, financial institutions, insurance companies, leading airlines in India. India's largest stock exchange, Bombay Stock Exchange, the oldest in Asia, is also located in the city. Maharashtra has set up software parks in Pune, Navi Mumbai, Aurangabad, Nagpur and Nashik. Now Maharashtra is the second largest exporter of software products with annual exports of 18,000 crore and accounts for more than 30 per cent of the country's software exports, with over 1,200 software units based in the state. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust in Navi Mumbai is the biggest port in India. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai is the busiest airport in South Asia as per passenger volume. Pune is another city in Maharashtra which is considered among the top 10 cities in India. It is the education and IT hub of India. Pune is also called as 'Oxford of the east' for the quality of education provided by the University of Pune. The coast of Maharashtra has been a shipbuilding Centre for many centuries. Companies operating shipyards in the state include Bharati Shipyard at Ratnagiri and the Rajapur Shipyards at Rajapur, apart from the state owned Mazagon Dock Limited at Mumbai. Mumbai is home for the world's largest film industry- Bollywood, Hindi filmmaking industry, and Hollywood, English filmmaking industry as well. Maharashtra ranks first nationwide in coal-based thermal electricity as well as nuclear electricity generation with national market 87

20 shares of over 13% and 17% respectively. Maharashtra is also introducing Jatropha cultivation and has started a project for the identification of suitable sites for Jatropha plantations. Ralegan Siddhi is a village in Ahmadnagar District that is considered a model of environmental conservation. An international cargo hub (Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur, MIHAN) is being developed at Nagpur. MIHAN will be used for handling heavy cargo coming from South-East Asia and Middle-East Asia. The said Project will also include 10,000 crore. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) for information technology (IT) companies. This will be the biggest development project in India so far. Indian and foreign automobile makers in the area include Audi, Fiat, General Motors India, J. C. Bamford, Mahindra & Mahindra, Mercedes-Benz, Skoda Auto, Tata Motors and Volkswagen. Pune has become an IT hub with the presence of almost all IT leading companies including TCS, Wipro, Tech Mahindra, Honeywell, IBM, Infosys, Cognizant and Microsoft. 88

21 3.10. Profile of Industries in Maharashtra State: Maharashtra state is giving important role in terms of industries. overall status of industries of Maharashtra and it s direction are covered in this profile as per below. Map No. 3.2 The Industrial map of Maharashtra State Map No. 3.2 shows map of Maharashtra state and its districts. Red triangular symbols are showing industrial area. International Boundary State 89

22 Boundary, National Highway, Major roads, State capital, District Headquarter Industrial Area, all these are given in above map number 3.2 Table No.3.4 Industrial Regions in Maharashtra State Sr. No. Name of Regions Included Districts 1 Mumbai (Kokan) 2 Pune (Western Maharashtra) 3 Nasik (Khandesh) 4 Aurangabad (Marathwada) 5 Amravati (Vidarbha) Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban (Mumbai Upanagar), Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, and Sindhudurg Pune, Satara, Sangli, Solapur, and Kolhapur Nasik, Dhule, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar, and Nandurbar Aurangabad, Jalna, Latur, Nanded, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Hingoli, and Beed Amravati, Akola, Washim, Buldhana and Yavatmal 6 Nagpur Nagpur, Chandrapur, Wardha, Bhandara, (Vidarbha) Gondia, and Gadchiroli (Source:MIDC-Book, Magnatic Maharashtra, 2014.) Table No 3.4 show the Division and District of Maharashtra State show the Division and District of Maharashtra State Regions geographically, historically and according to political sentiments: Maharashtra has six regions: 1) Mumbai (Kokan): Mumbai is economical capital of Maharashtra state. Five districts has been included in Mumbai industrial region. 2) Pune (Western Maharashtra): Pune Industrial region has five districts for good administration. It called western Maharashtra. 3) Nasik (Khandesh): five districts have been taken as Nasik 90

23 industrial region. 4) Aurangabad (Marathwada): In Aurangabad industrial region, there are eight number of districts, which is called Matrathwada. 5) Amravati (Vidarbha): Amravati industrial region included five districts for better administration. 6) Nagpur(Vidarbha): Six districts have been taken in Nagpur industrial region. Vidarbh region was divided into two divisions Amravati and Nagpur. for good administration Industrial Segments of Maharashtra State: Industry segments help to make categorization of product. So many indirect taxes are calculated with help of category of products. Various rates of indirect taxes for deferent types of products are become easy only due to segment of products and its category wise products. Such industrial segments make important role in economy. Industrial segments of overall India and Maharashtra state also have same industry segments. Table number 3.5 is given below. Sr. Industry Segments Table No.3.5 Industry Segments Sr. Industry Segments 1 Machinery 14 Agro Products & Commodities 2 Chemicals 15 Food & Beverage 3 Industrial Supplies 16 Consumer Electronics 4 Mineral & Metals 17 Textiles 5 Energy & Power 18 18Apparel & Clothing 6 Computer Hardware 19 Fashion Accessories 7 Computer Software 20 Gifts & Crafts 8 Construction & Real Estate 21 Leather & Products 9 Electronics & Electrical Supplies 22 Jewelry & Gemstones 10 Home Supplies 23 Home Textiles 11 Office Supplies 24 Packaging & Paper 91

24 Contd. Table number Health & Beauty 25 Business Services 13 Auto Parts & Accessories 26 Others (Source: Field survey DIC Office Aurangabad, published in Business Dairy ) Table number 3.5 deals with segment of industries in Maharashtra State. There are twenty five industrial segments in Maharashtra state. New products are being introduced in market but it has not come under the any segments, which can be taken in others Social group of people and their share in industries in global world: Social group of people has been divided into categories, sub categories, caste and sub caste. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra theses are mainly four categories which is called Four Varna system, and in four Varna system, first varna(category) is superior varna than later Varna. Such as Bramhi is superior than Kshatriya, Kshatriya superior than Vaishya and Vaishya Varna is superior than Shudra.Shudra Varna did not have rights of education, make profession or business, save money or wealth etc. all these rights have been denied by religious scripters, literatures of Vaidik / Brahmin. Shudra will be live as a slave of upper three Varna (11). Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya all these three Varnas are called Dwiz (12) A group of three Varna is 15% in population of India. Rest 85% population is belonging to SC, ST and OBC. (13) Shudras has been become wealth less, education less, illiterate and slave by religious literatures of Brahmin. (14) Such as all resources was sacked by the upper three Varna e. i. Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya. 92

25 Table No. 3.6 Private Enterprises of social groups based on cast category ( ) Social Groups Population (In %) Private Enterprises % MSMEs % Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total SC ST OBC OTHER Total (%) (Source: - Fifth Economic Census, 2005 and Census of MSME, ) Table No. 3.6 shows the share of social group in private enterprises and registered MSME in Maharashtra. Social group of ST is in poorest position compare to SC and OBC. Social group of SC is having 8.5 % and 7.7% private enterprises and 7. 80% and 4.6 % come under the MSME in rural and urban area; there is no equal portion according to percentage of population. Social group of 25 % is having 55.6 % and 63.6 % in private industries. Social group of OBC is also having less percentage, which is 30.0% in rural, 24.4% in urban in term of MSME, they are having 21 % and 10.5 % share. Social group of ST is in worthless position compare to SC and OBC. 93

26 Table No. 3.7 Category wise number of Employers of large scale industries at a glance in Maharashtra state (2013) Sr. No. Category Population (in %) No. of Employers in Large scale Industries (%) 1 SC ST OBC Other Total (Source: Compiled from field survey (2013)) Table number. 3.7 shows Category wise number of Employers. Up to 2013, 100% large scale industries are belonging to employers, which did not come under the category of SC, ST and OBC, Up to There is no single unit of large scale industries belong to category of SC, ST and OBC category. Category wise share in industries are not in equal portion. All sources of self-development of Shudras were sacked up to After implantations some part of constitution of India, Shudras are getting rights to education, to make business and profession, to earn and save money and wealth, to established industries etc. one important thing is here that, lot of benefit of Varna system has been taken by upper three Varna and they have earned lot of wealth, money, lot of purchases of land etc. and last Varna Shudras are remained at back foot after independence due to lack of land, money, wealth etc. 94

27 Graphic No. 3.1 Category wise industrial scenario of Maharashtra State at a glance 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 68% 22% 3% 7% MSM Units 100% Large Units OTHER OBC ST SC Source: Compiled from report and field work (2013) Graphic no. 3.1, deal with Category wise industrial scenario of Maharashtra State. There is made one group of micro, small and medium industries that is MSM Units. Blue color of bottom presents category of SC. Second color from bottom represents of ST. Green color from bottom shows OBC and purple color represents other category of people. 7 % MSM units are belonging to SC, percentage of ST s is 3%, there is 22% of MSM units belonging to category of OBC, other category is having 68% MSM units. In term of large scale industries, there is no any participation of SCs, STs and OBC categories in large scale of industries. All large industries sector are occupied by people of other category. 95

28 Table No. 3.8 Region wise Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in Maharashtra State (up to Sept. 2013) Sr. No. Name of Industrial Region Total No. of Micro enterprises Total No. of Small enterprises Total No. of Medium enterprises Mf. Services Mfr. Services Mf. Services 1. Kokan Nasik Pune Aurangabad Amravati Nagpur Maharashtra Mf.= Manufacture (Source: - Industrial State Profile of Maharashtra 2013, p27.) Table no. 3.8 shows mainly there are five regions of industries but in industrial state profile of Maharashtra, there are six industrial zones. Nagpur and Amravati these two zones took as a separate industrial zone. Actually Nagpur is same for both of zones. In Maharashtra state, there are two types of enterprises that is manufacturing and other services. Total number of micro and small enterprises in manufacturing are 8330 and 3731 therefore in Medium enterprises there are 101 enterprises. In service sector industries, there are 2949 enterprises in Micro enterprises, 1462 enterprises in small enterprises and only 37 enterprises are in medium enterprises. 96

29 Table No. 3.9 Overall industrial progress and development of Maharashtra State Sr. Name of the Area Population No. of No. of No. Of No. Of No. Region SQM of Region MSM Empl. Big Empl. (in lakh) Units (in lakh) Units (in lakh) 1 Kokan Nashik ,01,505 3 Pune ,11,355 4 Aurangabad ,549 5 Amravati Nagpur Total ,77,105 Empl.= Employees (Source: MIDC, Book Magnetic Maharashtra 2013) Table number 3.9 shows the number of micro, small, medium and large industries in Maharashtra. In Maharashtra State, there are 9,827 large industries and it provided 3,77,105 employments in Maharashtra state. Industrial zone of Nasik and Pune is having Big or large number of industries 1717 and 6975 respectively it provided 1,01,50 and 2,11,355 respectively. Nagpur and Amravati is having small number of industries Total industries of Micro small and medium units 1,81,119 in Maharashtra state, it provided lakh (twenty three lakh and thirty six thousand ) employments. 97

30 Overall profile of MSML units of Maharashtra state is not in equal portion in terms of geographical area, population, no. of industries, and no. of industries. Ex. Geographical area of Kokan region is SQM. And Nasik region is SQM. Geographical area of Nasik is more than Kokan region. In terms of population, Kokan region has 286 cr. population and Nasik has 186 cr. population. But number of MSM units of Kokan region is more than Nasik region Progress of Industrial Development in Different Regions: Industrial region is a source of development of particular area. Six industrial zones and its status are source to know the progress of industrial development in different regions. Information is created in table format as per under. Industrial progress of Maharashtra state with the help of liberalization, privatization and globalization is major issue of the study. Some criteria or parameters are needed to find out overall progress of Maharashtra state. Some of criteria are growth of number of industries, investment, employments, exportimport business, capturing foreign market etc. available data are collected. There was certain limitation to collect all data which was related to criteria. Only number of units, investment and employments are taken to find out progress of Maharashtra state in the era of liberalization, privatization and globalization. All following tables are divided into three categories i. e. number of units, investment and employment. There are six industrial regions and each region is having same three categories. All integrated data of number of units, investment and number of employments are available up to After 2006, by furcation of data has been made by government institution. Due to this, year 2006 has been made base year. 98

31 Table No Number of MSM industries in Kokan region Sr. No. Year Mumbai Thane Raigad Ratnagiri Sindhudurg Total % Total % (Source: Census Branch Directorate of Industries Mumbai,2013) Table number 3.10 deals with total number of micro, small and medium units in Kokan region. 50,127 number of micro, small and medium units are in Kokan industrial region. Past year of 2006, there were 18,972 numbers of micro, small and medium industries and it calculated up to From next year, it has been calculated district wise. There were 1783 MSM units in It increased in small number in per year number of MSM units was in existing in the year of The percentage increased from 3.56% to 15.08%. Above table shows that, there are imbalances about number of units. Mumbai is having % industries % industries are in Thane district, Raigad district is having 6.84 % industries, and Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts are having 3.47% and 2.78% industries. Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindudurg districts are not having sufficient number of micro, small and medium industries. This 99

32 district seems backward in terms of number of industries. The causes behind this are marketing problem, financing problem, strategic lacuna etc. The district wise number of industries in Kokan region are denoting the lot of imbalance in number of units. Mumbai and Thane districts created good number of industries. These districts are more populist area, therefore these districts are situated at bank of sea (Arbisamudra). There is sea way, good national highway, good transport facilities. Due to all this, industrialists are interested in Mumbai and Thane. Investment are major component to find out industrial status. Following table number 3.9 denotes the industrial investment in Kokan region. It is given district wise investment. Table No Investment of MSM industries in Kokan region (In Crore.) Sr. No. Year Mumbai Thane Raigad Ratnagiri Sindhudurg Total % Total % (Source: Census Branch Directorate Of Industries Mumbai, MSME Report to ) Table No highlights on district wise and year wise investment of micro, small and medium industries in Kokan region. Total investment in selected 100