Workforce Analysis. Erie Lorain. Stark Richland. Coshocton Delaware. Muskingum Clark Madison. Noble Greene. Monroe Fayette.

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1 Workforce Analysis Williams Defiance Fulton Henry Putnam Lucas Wood Hancock Ottawa Sandusky Paulding Seneca Huron Medina Erie Lorain Cuyahoga Summit Lake Geauga Portage Ashtabula Trumbull Mahoning Van Wert Wyandot Crawford Ashland Wayne Allen Stark Richland Columbiana Hardin Mercer Auglaize Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Logan Shelby Union Coshocton Delaware Darke Champaign Licking Miami Franklin Muskingum Clark Madison Carroll Jefferson Tuscarawas Harrison Guernsey Belmont Preble Montgomery Fairfield Perry Noble Greene Monroe Fayette Pickaway Morgan Butler Warren Clinton Hocking Washington Ross Athens Vinton Hamilton Highland Clermont Pike Meigs Jackson Brown Gallia Adams Scioto Lawrence Workforce Analysis WORKFORCE

2 Workforce Analysis Table of Contents Preface... ii Highlights...iii I. Understanding the Local Labor Market... 1 Figure 1: Regional Commuting Patterns... 1 Figure 2: Net Flow of Ohio Commuters... 2 II. Key Trends... 3 Figure 3: Population Trends... 3 Figure 4: Demographic Characteristics... 3 Figure 5: Employment Trends... 4 Figure 6: Employment in Trumbull County by Major Industry... 4 Figure 7: Unemployment Trends... 5 Figure 8: Per Capita Income... 6 Figure 9: Number of New Residential Building Permits... 7 Figure 10: Valuation of New Residential Building Permits... 7 III. Industry Analysis... 8 Figure 11: Employment by Major Sector, Figure 12: Employment by Industry Sector, Figure 13: Employment Prospects by Industry Sector Figure 14: Sectors Ranked by 2005 Average Weekly Earnings IV. Educational Infrastructure Figure 15: Educational Attainment Technical Notes References Appendix A: Ohio Workforce Investment Areas Appendix B: Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas Appendix C: Major County-to-County Commuting Patterns Appendix D: Major Employers by County... 20

3 Preface Over the last few years, the Bureau of Labor Market Information (BLMI) has prepared several sets of customized regional publications to help workforce professionals and others gain a better understanding of their local economy and how it has fared compared to other areas. In June 2002, Demographic, Labor Force and Industry Trends were published for Ohio s 12 Economic Development Regions; Market Analysis of Key Workforce Trends was published for all of Ohio s Workforce Investment Areas in This current set of Workforce Analysis publications is an update of these efforts to produce reports for all nineteen WIAs in the state, including all One-Stops in WIA 7. This workforce analysis report provides a summary snapshot of the Workforce Investment Area. This presentation also examines some of the key trends compared to state and national trends. The first section begins with a review of the area s basic demographic and economic characteristics. The second section shows trends in important statistics for the area, including population, employment, unemployment rates, income and housing. Employment characteristics by industry receive a detailed examination in the third section. The fourth and final section looks briefly at the area s educational characteristics. A careful review of this information can yield important insights about the local economy. One may assess the health of the local economy by examining key economic trends and comparing them to the state or the nation. Or an examination of industry composition will yield insights into the strengths and weaknesses that local economic development policy might address. Please refer to the Technical Notes and References sections at the end of this publication for reference and documentation of the wide variety of statistical data presented. Keith Ewald, Ph.D., Chief Bureau of Labor Market Information Office of Workforce Development Ohio Department of Job and Family Services ii

4 Highlights Trumbull County is included in the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Trumbull County is an in-commuting area with a net inflow of 2,600 commuters from the surrounding area. Area population fell 4.3 percent in the last ten years, compared with a 3.6 percent decline in the Youngstown metropolitan area. Demographically, the county has an older age distribution than the State of Ohio. Total nonfarm employment fell 13 percent between 1995 and The region s unemployment rate has been consistently higher than state and national rates, but followed similar trends. The rate finally began to decline in 2005 after climbing with the 2001 recession. Nominal per capita income rose at a 2.5 percent annual compound rate of growth over the past decade much slower than the statewide 3.7 percent growth. Although residential construction activity has been trending down from 1995 to 2005, the number of permits climbed from 2001 through Average valuation has steadily increased during this period. The three largest employment sectors in 2005 were manufacturing; trade, transportation and utilities; and education and health services. Manufacturing is more concentrated here than elsewhere in the state. The five sectors to have added jobs between 2000 and 2005 were administrative and waste services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; finance and insurance; and education services. Utilities had the area s highest average weekly earnings at $1,325 per week, followed by manufacturing at $1,203 per week. Trumbull County has a lower overall level of educational attainment than the State of Ohio. iii

5 Workforce Analysis I. Understanding Local Labor Markets Labor economists define a labor market as a geographic area in which both the demand and supply for labor are met primarily within that region. 1 In other words, it is an area where there are jobs and the majority of workers needed for those jobs. An important first step in identifying local labor markets is to examine the commuting patterns of individuals who live or work in the area. These patterns are one of the primary inputs used to define metropolitan and micropolitan areas. 2 Overall, Trumbull County is a net in-commuting area, drawing a net 2,600 workers from the surrounding area. The county pulls about 29 percent of its local workforce from outside its borders, with many from neighboring Pennsylvania. Figure 1: Regional Commuting Patterns In Commuters Total Working in the County 100,101 In Commuters 29,040 Percent of In Commuters 29.0% Out Commuters Total Employed Living in the County 97,485 Out Commuters 26,424 Percent of Out Commuters 27.1% Net Comparison Statistics Commuting Balance: Net Flow 2,616 Percent of Total Commuters 4.7% Figure 2 shows a visual summary of the net flow of commuters from the 2000 decennial census. Most workers commuting into a county to work usually do so from adjacent counties. The Youngstown-Warren-Boardman Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) also includes Mahoning County, Ohio and Mercer County, Pennsylvania, so it is not surprising that they comprise a majority of the commuting. Detailed county-to-county commuting is shown in Appendix C. 1 Goldstein 2005, p Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area definitions are excerpted from the Office of Management and Budget s Federal Register Notice (65 FR ). See Appendix B for detailed definitions.

6 Understanding Local Labor Markets, continued Figure 2: Net Flow of Ohio Commuters *Net flow equals in commuters minus out commuters. A negative number means more people are commuting to work outside the county than are in commuting. For more detailed information, please visit on the web. Source: Bureau of Labor Market Information 2

7 II. Key Trends Population: Area population has fallen about 4.3 percent in the last ten years, or about 10,000 people. As a point of comparison, population figures are included for the Youngstown-Warren- Boardman MSA. Metropolitan population declined 3.6 percent during this period, or about 22,000 people. Figure 3: Population Trends 700,000 One-Stop Youngstown Metro 600, , , , , , One-Stop 229, , , , , , , , , , ,296 Youngstown Metro 615, , , , , , , , , , ,168 Demographic Traits: Data from the 2000 Census, shown in Figure 4 below, reveal some interesting differences between Trumbull County and the rest of Ohio. Overall the county is older than the rest of the state with a higher median age (39.0) and a higher proportion of seniors 65 and older (15.7%). The county has a slightly larger working-age population than the rest of the Youngstown metro area. Figure 4: Demographic Characteristics Age Demographics Ohio Trumbull Co. One-Stop Youngstown Metro Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total Population 11,256, % 225, % 120, % Under 5 years 740, % 13, % 6, % 5 to 17 years 2,103, % 40, % 21, % 18 to 24 years 1,065, % 18, % 10, % 25 to 44 years 3,359, % 63, % 31, % 45 to 64 years 2,487, % 53, % 28, % 65 years or older 1,501, % 35, % 21, % Median Age

8 Key Trends, continued Employment: Total nonfarm employment has fallen significantly since the 2001 recession, losing 13 thousand jobs between 1995 and Metropolitan employment losses have been comparable during this period. There was a minor increase in employment from 2004 to 2005, suggesting the area may be starting to recover. Figure 5: Employment Trends 3 300,000 One-Stop Youngstown Metro 250, , , ,000 50, One-Stop 96,209 95,988 96,222 94,530 95,138 94,841 90,080 87,565 85,730 83,671 83,668 Youngstown Metro 249, , , , , , , , , , ,900 In the past five years, the county lost approximately 11,000 jobs, most of them in manufacturing. Education and health services and professional and business services were the only two sectors to add employment during this period. Figure 6: Employment in Trumbull County by Major Industry Major Sector Net Growth Percent Growth Total All Sectors 94,841 83,668-11, % Natural Resources and Mining % Construction 2,928 2, % Manufacturing 30,679 21,423-9, % Trade, Transportation and Utilities 18,264 17, % Information % Financial Activities 3,095 2, % Professional and Business Services 6,729 7, % Education and Health Services 10,378 11, % Leisure and Hospitality 7,733 7, % Other Services, except Public Administration 2,861 2, % Government, including Public Schools 11,167 10, % 3 Because of a definition change for the Youngstown MSA after the 2000 census, direct comparison of QCEW data was not possible. Instead, this figure shows CES data for the metropolitan area which has been reconstructed back to See technical notes for more details. 4

9 Key Trends, continued Unemployment: In the last ten years, unemployment patterns in Trumbull County and the Youngstown metropolitan area have been very similar to those for Ohio and the U.S., though rates have been higher throughout this period. Unemployment rates fell to their low point in 2000 at 4.9 percent, but climbed with the onset of the 2001 recession. The region s unemployment rate finally began to decline in Figure 7: Unemployment Trends 8.0% U.S. Ohio One-Stop Youngstown Metro 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% U.S. 5.6% 5.4% 4.9% 4.5% 4.2% 4.0% 4.7% 5.8% 6.0% 5.5% 5.1% Ohio 4.9% 5.0% 4.6% 4.3% 4.3% 4.0% 4.4% 5.7% 6.2% 6.2% 5.9% One-Stop 6.6% 6.3% 5.6% 6.0% 5.3% 4.9% 6.2% 6.9% 7.5% 7.5% 6.7% Youngstown Metro 6.3% 6.1% 5.8% 5.8% 5.4% 5.0% 5.8% 6.7% 7.2% 7.2% 6.7% 5

10 Key Trends, continued Income: Per capita income has been rising steadily over the past decade at a 2.5 percent annual compound rate of growth, though much slower than the 3.7 percent growth for Ohio and 4.1 percent nationwide. County and metropolitan per capita incomes have been very similar during this period, coming within $100 of each other by Figure 8: Per Capita Income $35,000 U.S. Ohio One-Stop Youngstown Metro $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $ U.S. $23,076 $24,175 $25,334 $26,883 $27,939 $29,845 $30,574 $30,810 $31,484 $33,050 Ohio $22,495 $23,322 $24,656 $26,017 $26,859 $28,207 $28,601 $29,212 $29,954 $31,161 One-Stop $21,493 $22,102 $22,923 $23,625 $24,397 $24,975 $24,499 $25,151 $26,357 $26,929 Youngstown Metro $20,853 $21,093 $22,099 $22,929 $23,628 $24,584 $24,627 $25,334 $26,314 $26,859 6

11 Key Trends, continued Housing Permits: New permits for residential construction are shown in Figure 9 below. Although residential construction activity has generally been on the decline from 1995 to 2005, the number of permits climbed from 2001 through Trumbull County accounts for about one third of building permits in the Youngstown metropolitan area. Average valuation, shown in Figure 10, has steadily increased during this period. Figure 9: Number of New Residential Building Permits 2,000 One-Stop Youngstown MSA 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, One-Stop Youngstown MSA 1,551 1,604 1,595 1,724 1,465 1,324 1,200 1,263 1,431 1,656 1,228 Figure 10: Valuation of New Residential Building Permits $180,000 One-Stop Youngstown MSA $160,000 $140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $ One-Stop $84,428 $93,122 $90,977 $96,455 $97,044 $106,653 $109,569 $109,505 $122,728 $127,451 $141,725 Youngstown MSA $94,736 $99,568 $101,492 $102,548 $108,072 $115,557 $117,557 $120,776 $128,177 $134,854 $154,139 7

12 III. Industry Analysis Employment by Sector: Figure 11 below shows the distribution of industry employment in These statistics do not include most farmers, other self-employed workers, and others not covered by unemployment insurance. This pie chart shows a very diverse mix of employment in Trumbull County. The three largest employment sectors, together accounting for 59.6 percent of all local workers, were manufacturing; trade, transportation and utilities, including trucking and retail; and education and health services, which includes hospitals, clinics and private schools. Other categories represented on this chart are government, including public schools (12.3%); leisure and hospitality, which includes restaurants, hotels and certain recreation facilities (9.2%); professional and business services, including law and accounting firms, corporate offices and administrative support (8.4%); financial activities such as banking, insurance and real estate (3.5%); construction (3.5%); other defined services industries like laundries, repair services and certain non-profit organizations (2.7%); information, including publishing and telecommunications (0.6%); and finally a small number of covered workers in natural resources and mining (0.2%). Figure 11: Employment by Major Sector, 2005 Government 12.3% Natural Resources and Mining 0.2% Construction 3.5% Other Services 2.7% Leisure and Hospitality 9.2% Manufacturing 25.6% Education and Health Services 13.3% Professional and Business Services 8.4% Financial Activities 3.5% Information 0.6% Trade, Transportation and Utilities 20.7% Figure 12 shows more detailed information about sector employment in Trumbull County and how it compares with the state. In addition to the area s industry mix relative to the state, the proportion of total state employment for each sector helps identify the importance of a sector s employment in Ohio. The clearest example of such a sector in this region is manufacturing, which accounts for 25.6 percent of all local workers, compared to only 15.3 percent statewide. 8

13 Industry Analysis, continued Trumbull County employs 2.6 percent of all manufacturing workers in Ohio. Another example of an especially concentrated sector is retail trade, which employs 14.0 percent here compared to 11.6 percent across Ohio. Figure 12: Employment by Industry Sector, 2005 Industry Sector Employment Percent State State Percent of Distrib. Employment Distrib. State Total Total All Sectors 83, % 5,308, % 1.6% Natural Resources and Mining % 24, % 0.5% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting % 14, % 0.4% Mining % 10, % 0.8% Construction 2, % 232, % 1.2% Manufacturing 21, % 811, % 2.6% Trade, Transportation and Utilities 17, % 1,035, % 1.7% Wholesale Trade 2, % 235, % 1.1% Retail Trade 11, % 613, % 1.9% Transportation and Warehousing 2, % 165, % 1.7% Utilities % 20, % 0.7% Information % 89, % 0.6% Financial Activities 2, % 299, % 1.0% Finance and Insurance 1, % 229, % 0.8% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 1, % 69, % 1.6% Professional and Business Services 7, % 643, % 1.1% Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 1, % 231, % 0.8% Management of Companies and Enterprises % 98, % 0.6% Administrative and Waste Services 4, % 313, % 1.4% Education and Health Services 11, % 750, % 1.5% Education Services % 85, % 0.9% Health Care and Social Assistance 10, % 664, % 1.6% Leisure and Hospitality 7, % 499, % 1.5% Arts, Entertainment and Recreation % 67, % 1.5% Accommodation and Food Services 6, % 431, % 1.6% Other Services, except Public Administration 2, % 165, % 1.4% Government, including Public Schools 10, % 753, % 1.4% Federal Government % 76, % 0.6% State Government % 132, % 0.7% Local Government 8, % 544, % 1.6% 9

14 Industry Analysis, continued Employment Prospects: The table below looks at industry classifications and is color coded to more quickly identify those sectors most important to the region. The left column ranks all 22 sectors shown by their employment levels in The top five sectors in this column are printed in blue. The right column ranks sectors by the net number of new jobs created since The growth sectors in the second column are printed in red. Sectors that appear at the top of both lists are printed in purple. Sectors with high employment levels are often a major source of job openings because seven of ten openings are expected to be replacement needs. 4 Sectors for which a growth rate could not be established due to confidentiality restrictions are printed in italics. The largest single employment sector in Trumbull County in 2005 was manufacturing, employing over 21,400 workers, even though it also had the area s greatest losses in the last five years. Other large employment sectors were retail trade; health care and social assistance; local government; and accommodation and food services. The sector to add the greatest number of jobs between 2000 and 2005 was administrative and waste services, creating about 700 new positions. Other sectors to add jobs during this period were health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; finance and insurance; and education services. Figure 13: Employment Prospects by Industry Sector 2005 Employment New Jobs: Manufacturing Administrative and Waste Services Retail Trade Health Care and Social Assistance Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment and Recreation Local Government Finance and Insurance Accommodation and Food Services Education Services Administrative and Waste Services State Government Construction Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Transportation and Warehousing Construction Wholesale Trade Mining Other Services, except Public Administration Federal Government Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Finance and Insurance Transportation and Warehousing Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Accommodation and Food Services Arts, Entertainment and Recreation Real Estate and Rental and Leasing State Government Information Education Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Other Services, except Public Administration Information Retail Trade Federal Government Local Government Utilities Manufacturing Mining Utilities Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Wholesale Trade 4 Ohio Job Outlook to 2012, p

15 Industry Analysis, continued Average Weekly Earnings: Figure 14 below ranks the sectors in Trumbull County by their average weekly earnings total wage or salary regardless of hours worked and shows how much the sectors have grown or declined by Statewide average weekly earnings for all employers were $718 in 2005, compared to $688 for this region. This table also uses the same color-coding system as Figure 13 on the previous page, with sectors printed in purple being large sectors with growth. The utilities sector had the county s highest average weekly earnings: $1,325. Manufacturing had the area s second highest earnings with average earnings of $1,203 per week. This was followed by management of companies and enterprises at $1,074, federal government at $927 and information at $824. Figure 14: Sectors Ranked by 2005 Average Weekly Earnings Industry Sector 2000 Employment 2005 Employment Net Change Percent Change Average Weekly Earnings Utilities NA 139 NA NA $1,325 Manufacturing 30,679 21,423-9, % $1,203 Management of Companies and Enterprises % $1,074 Federal Government % $927 Information % $824 State Government % $817 Wholesale Trade NA 2,623 NA NA $749 Transportation and Warehousing 2,954 2, % $676 Mining % $664 Finance and Insurance 1,792 1, % $662 Local Government 9,719 8, % $658 Construction 2,928 2, % $635 Health Care and Social Assistance 9,716 10, % $605 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 2,220 1, % $532 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 1,303 1, % $513 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting % $400 Administrative and Waste Services 3,797 4, % $385 Retail Trade 12,443 11, % $378 Other Services, except Public Administration 2,861 2, % $309 Education Services % $301 Arts, Entertainment and Recreation % $234 Accommodation and Food Services 6,859 6, % $190 NA-Data not available due to confidentiality restrictions. Bear in mind that industry size and growth do not always coincide with earnings potential. All of the five sectors to have added employment since 2000 had average weekly earnings below the county average, including the area s only large employment sector to have added jobs, health care and social assistance at $605 per week. 11

16 IV. Educational Infrastructure Figure 15 below shows educational attainment for persons 25 and older in the area, according to data from the 2000 decennial census. Trumbull County has a lower level of overall educational attainment than the rest of Ohio. The county has a comparable proportion of adults without a high school diploma (17.6%). But only 38 percent of adults have completed at least some college education, compared with 46.9 percent statewide. Figure 15: Educational Attainment 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ohio Youngstown Metro Master's Degree or Higher 547,276 6,803 21,942 Bachelor's Degree 1,016,258 15,329 45,812 Associate Degree 436,608 7,887 24,625 Some College 1,471,964 28,143 71,426 High School Graduate 2,674,551 67, ,199 No High School Diploma 1,262,085 26,974 55,138 There are five postsecondary schools in Trumbull County: ETI Technical College in Niles, Kent State University Trumbull Campus in Warren, Raphael s School of Beauty Culture in Niles and Warren, TCTC Adult Training Center in Warren and the Trumbull Business College in Warren. In addition, the area is host to about 130 apprentices in 25 programs, covering such fields like concrete mixing, masonry, electrical work, carpentry and pipe fitting. 12

17 Technical Notes Commuting data are from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, County-to-County Worker Flow Files. Data is available at Population and demographic estimates were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. The figures are available online at Employment data were obtained from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), Bureau of Labor Market Information, Ohio Department of Job and Family Services. The data are based on reports filed by employers subject to the Ohio Unemployment Compensation Law, as well as those covered under Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees, by place of work. Employment data for the Youngstown MSA are from Current Employment Statistics (CES), a survey-based set of estimates of employment, reconstructed to include changes in MSA definitions in See the NAICS-based Economic Development Profiles at or the data query menu for Employment and Wages by Industry (QCEW) or Current Employment Statistics by Industry (CES) at Because data for some industry sectors in some counties have not been released due to confidentiality restrictions, we were not able to report data for these sectors in the region. Total employment may include employment and wage data for non-classifiable establishments. Unemployment statistics are produced by the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) section, Bureau of Labor Market Information, Ohio Department of Job and Family Services. Data for One-Stop areas are available for query at or for other geographies at Per capita income figures are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and are downloadable from Information on residential construction permits and their valuation are from the U.S. Census Bureau, Construction Reports: Housing Authorized by Building Permits and Public Contracts. Data are available online at Data on education were obtained from the Ohio Department of Development, Office of Strategic Research, based on information from the 2000 decennial census. Detailed information on each of Ohio s counties is available at The Bureau of Labor Market Information also collects data on programs for the Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System (IPEDS). These data are posted on the internet by the National Center for Education Statistics at The list of major employers in each county is available in the Ohio County Profiles produced by the Ohio Department of Development s Office of Strategic Research at For more information on Ohio workforce statistics, visit the Ohio Workforce Informer online at or the Ohio Labor Market Information Classic website at 13

18 References Goldstein, Harvey, University of North Carolina. Projecting State and Area Industry Employment. Prepared through a grant from the Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Projections Workgroup, August Ohio Department of Development. Office of Strategic Research. Commuting Patterns by County. March Internet August Ohio Department of Development. Office of Strategic Research. Ohio County Profiles. October Internet August Ohio Department of Job and Family Services. Bureau of Labor Market Information. Demographic, Labor Force and Industry Trends. June Ohio Department of Job and Family Services. Bureau of Labor Market Information. Market Analysis of Key Workforce Trends United States. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Local Area Personal Income. Internet August United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. June United States. Census Bureau. Building Permits. Internet August United States. Census Bureau. Population Estimates. Internet August United States. Census Bureau. Current Lists of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Definitions. 23 August Internet August

19 Appendix A Ohio s Workforce Investment Areas 15

20 Appendix B Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas 16

21 Appendix B, continued Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) have at least one urbanized area with a population of 50,000 or more, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. Micropolitan Statistical Areas have at least one urban cluster with a population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core, measured by commuting ties. For further information on the Office of Management and Budget s 2000 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, please visit Metropolitan Statistical Areas in Ohio and Adjacent States A. Akron MSA: Portage and Summit Counties. B. Canton-Massillon MSA: Carroll and Stark Counties. C. Cincinnati-Middletown MSA*: Brown, Butler, Clermont, Hamilton and Warren Counties in Ohio; Dearborn, Franklin and Ohio Counties in Indiana; and Boone, Bracken, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant, Kenton and Pendleton Counties in Kentucky. D. Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor MSA: Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina Counties. E. Columbus MSA: Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, Morrow, Pickaway and Union Counties. F. Dayton MSA: Greene, Miami, Montgomery and Preble Counties. G. Huntington-Ashland MSA*: Cabell and Wayne Counties in West Virginia; Boyd and Greenup Counties in Kentucky; and Lawrence County in Ohio. H. Lima MSA: Allen County. I. Mansfield MSA: Richland County. J. Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna MSA*: Pleasants, Wirt and Wood Counties in West Virginia and Washington County in Ohio. K. Sandusky MSA: Erie County. L. Springfield MSA: Clark County. M. Toledo MSA: Fulton, Lucas, Ottawa and Wood Counties. N. Weirton-Steubenville MSA*: Jefferson County in Ohio and Brooke and Hancock Counties in West Virginia. O. Wheeling MSA*: Marshall and Ohio Counties in West Virginia and Belmont County in Ohio. P. Youngstown-Warren-Boardman MSA*: Mahoning and Trumbull Counties in Ohio and Mercer County in Pennsylvania. *Statistical areas in other states that include Ohio counties. 17

22 Appendix B, continued 1. Ashland 2. Ashtabula 3. Athens 4. Bellefontaine: Logan County 5. Bucyrus: Crawford County 6. Cambridge: Guernsey County 7. Celina: Mercer County 8. Chillicothe: Ross County 9. Coshocton 10. Defiance 11. East Liverpool-Salem: Columbiana County 12. Findlay: Hancock County 13. Fremont: Sandusky County 14. Greenville: Darke County 15. Marion 16. Mount Vernon: Knox County 17. New Philadelphia-Dover: Tuscarawas County 18. Norwalk: Huron County Micropolitan Statistical Areas in Ohio 19. Point Pleasant*: Mason County in West Virginia and Gallia County in Ohio 20. Portsmouth: Scioto County 21. Sidney: Shelby County 22. Tiffin-Fostoria: Seneca County 23. Urbana: Champaign County 24. Van Wert 25. Wapakoneta: Auglaize County 26. Washington Court House: Fayette County 27. Wilmington: Clinton County 28. Wooster: Wayne County 29. Zanesville: Muskingum County The micropolitan area name is the same as the county name unless otherwise noted. *Statistical areas in other states that include Ohio counties. 18

23 Appendix C Major County-to-County Commuting Patterns Trumbull Percent of workers that work outside the county % Average commute time in minutes Number of workers 16+ years of age Number of workers 16+ years of age living in Trumbull County 97,485 working in Trumbull County 100,101 Commute Out To Number Percent Commute In From Number Percent Mahoning Co. OH 12, % Mahoning Co. OH 19, % Geauga Co. OH 3, % Mercer Co. PA 2, % Mercer Co. PA 2, % Columbiana Co. OH 1, % Cuyahoga Co. OH 1, % Portage Co. OH 1, % Portage Co. OH 1, % Lawrence Co. PA % Summit Co. OH 1, % Ashtabula Co. OH % Ashtabula Co. OH % Summit Co. OH % Columbiana Co. OH % Geauga Co. OH % Lawrence Co. PA % Cuyahoga Co. OH % Stark Co. OH % Stark Co. OH % Source: Ohio Department of Development, Office of Strategic Research, 2000 Census Data. 19

24 Appendix D Major Employers and Industry Sectors Establishment Industry Delphi Corp. Manufacturing Forum Health Health Care General Motors Corp. Manufacturing Giant Eagle, Inc. Retail HM Health Services Health Care Sears Holdings/K-Mart Corp. Retail Trumbull County Government Government Warren City Board of Education Government West Corp. Telecommunications WCI Steel, Inc. Manufacturing Source: Ohio Department of Development. Ohio County Profiles. Employers are listed in alphabetical order.

25 Office of Workforce Development P.O. Box 1618 Columbus, OH Bureau of Labor Market Information Business Principles for Workforce Development Partner with the workforce and economic development community. Develop and deploy new information solution tools and systems for the workforce and economic development community. Provide products and services that are customer and demand driven. Be known as an important and reliable source for information solutions that support workforce development goals and outcomes. Acknowledgements: The Workforce Research Section, under the direction of Labor Economist Larry Less, was responsible for the composition of this report. Labor Market Analyst Jonathan Calig was primarily responsible for production. Thanks are extended to the many other analysts who developed and reviewed the data presented in this report. This publication was prepared under the supervision of Labor Market Information Bureau Chief Keith Ewald and Assistant Bureau Chief Rudy Wilkinson. This report was prepared by the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Office of Workforce Development. For further information, visit our website at or contact the Ohio Bureau of Labor Market Information at WORK-411 or Ted Strickland, Governor State of Ohio Helen E. Jones-Kelley, Director Ohio Department of Job and Family Services Office of Workforce Development Bureau of Labor Market Information ODJFS is an Equal Opportunity Employer and Service Provider (4/2007)