Savings Groups and the SAVIX database

Transcription

1 Savings Groups and the SAVIX database

2 The SAVIX database Quarterly information of over 5 million members from savings groups over several quarters in more than 50 countries. Based on a reporting system (the SAVIX MIS) 1,200 projects worldwide report to SAVIX Developed by VSL Associates (Hugh Allen ++) Supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CARE, Catholic Relief Services, Oxfam America and Plan International. Big data How can this be used for Academic Research with practical relevance?

3 The SAVIX Project at CERSEM UiA: Agreement with FAHU Centre for Research on Social Enterprises and Microfinance (CERSEM, Funding from FAHU and University of Agder/CERSEM From January 2018 to June 2021 Roy Mersland Project manager Bert D Espallier Deputy leader bert.despallier@kuleuven.be Rolando Gonzales Ph.D. candidate rolando.gonzales@uia.no Linda Nakato Ph.D. candidate linda.nakato@uia.no

4 The SAVIX Project at CERSEM: objectives In the interest of both practitioners and academics, the project seeks to provide research findings to answer the general question of How can development actors contribute to poverty alleviation in a cost-effective way through the use of savings groups? : 1. What are the group-level characteristics that enhance better group performance? 2. What type of delivery/implementation mechanisms facilitate better group performance including group survival? 3. How is the macro-economic environment influencing the possible success of savings groups?

5 The SAVIX database The SAVIX is an unbalanced panel dataset that contains quarterly information from 2010-Q1 to 2017-Q4. SGs % Cum. Africa 222, Asia 23, Americas 7, Europe Total 254,

6 SGs in the SAVIX database: countries and regions

7 SGs in the SAVIX database: Urban and rural SGs Percent Cum. Rural Rural+Urban Urban Total

8 SGs in the SAVIX database: donors

9 SGs in the SAVIX database: facilitating agencies

10 SGs in the SAVIX database: SGs+ Is it wise or not wise to use SGs as platforms for other development efforts?

11 SGs in the SAVIX database: group formation

12 SGs in the SAVIX database: group status The SG model is sustainable

13 SGs in the SAVIX database: Financial Linkages

14 SGs in the SAVIX database: Members Members at start of the cycle Dropouts since start of the cycle Members attending meetings Mean % 91.02% Median 20 0% 95.71% Standard deviation % 12.02% Min 3 0% 8.57% Max % 100% Percentile % 66.67% Percentile % 74.29% Percentile % 86.21% Percentile % 100% Percentile % 100% Percentile % 100%

15 SGs in the SAVIX database: Gender of members Number of members Male members Female members Mean Median Standard deviation Min Max Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile

16 Balance sheet: Assets Why do groups keep so much money in the box? Cash in group box (USD) Cash in other funds (USD) Bank balance (USD) Value of loans outstanding (USD) Value of loans past due (USD) Mean Median Std. deviation Minimum Maximum Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile

17 Balance sheet: Liabilities & Equity Debts (USD) Equity (USD) Mean Median Std. deviation Minimum Maximum Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile

18 SGs in the SAVIX database: SGs performance Annualized Returns on Savings (ROS) Annualized Returns on Assets (ROA) Average savings per member (USD) Average assets per member (USD) Mean 92.0% 66.8% Median 57.8% 50.0% Std. deviation 70.2% 46.2% Minimum % % Maximum % 659.9% Percentile 5 0.0% 0.0% Percentile % 0.0% Percentile % 9.4% Percentile % 97.8% Percentile % 157.2% Percentile % 209.6%

19 Crosstabs: SG plus Annualized Returns on Assets (ROA) Annualized Returns on Savings (ROS) Additional services Without plus services 66.94% 91.98% With plus services 66.64% 91.92% Platform services do not seem to harm groups financial performance What about group dynamics?

20 Crosstabs: Group status Annualized Returns on Assets (ROA) Annualized Returns on Savings (ROS) Group status Self-managed 68.30% 93.90% Supervised 53.98% 74.98% Self-managed groups are more mature (older) Those that report can clearly manage themself What about the groups that do not report to SAVIX? Groups improve their performance when they are no longer supervised

21 Crosstabs: Regions Annualized Returns on Assets (ROA) Annualized Returns on Savings (ROS) Regions Eastern Africa 83.70% % South America 24.98% 31.62% Southern Asia 24.90% 34.76% Western Africa 58.34% 78.24% Why do groups charge higher rates on loans in East Africa? Better business opportunities (higher margins) Less credit competition? More savings competition? Less educated members? Cultural reasons?

22 SAVIX research a long list of research questions Some examples How does financial linkage influence group performance and dynamics? How does facilitation of platform services influence group performance and dynamics? How does gender composition of groups influence group performance and dynamics? Which contextual factors influence interest rate levels in groups? Which delivery model (field agent versus field officer) faciliates the best performing groups?

23 Financial linkages

24 Savings Groups and the SAVIX database

25 Appendix: Financial Performance Indicators: Indicator Returns on Assets (ROA) Definition Group returns were calculated by adding the value of the cash kept in a box to the value of the bank balance and the property of the group and the value of loans outstanding, minus the sum of the net value of savings, the property at the start of the cycle and the debts of the group. These returns were divided by the net value of assets, which was calculated as the sum of the value of the cash kept in a box, the bank balance, the property of the group and the value of loans outstanding. This performance measure was annualized by diving the financial indicator between the duration (in days) of the group and multiplying the results by 365. Finally it was multiplied by two to take account of the average between start-up of a cycle (assuming zero in assets) and amount of savings at the time of reporting. Returns on Savings (ROS) Equity per member Average savings per member Average assets per member Group returns were calculated by adding the value of the cash kept in a box to the value of the bank balance and the property of the group and the value of loans outstanding, minus the sum of the net value of savings, the property at the start of the cycle and the debts of the group. These returns were divided by the net value of savings. This performance measure was annualized by diving the financial indicator between the duration (in days) of the group and multiplying the results by 365. Finally it was multiplied by two to take account of the average between start-up of a cycle (zero in savings) and amount of savings at the time of reporting. Equity was divided by the number of active members in a group to obtain equity per member. Net value of savings divided by the number of active members in a group Assets were divided by the number of active members in a group to obtain assets per member.