The Covered Call. - Own the stock - And Sell the Calls - Mildly Bullish
|
|
- Shona Wilkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Covered Call - Own the stock - And Sell the Calls - Mildly Bullish
2 Introduction Selling Covered Call is one of the most well known option strategies. Before discussing the mechanics and applications of this strategy, a quick review of basic terms and definitions that relate to call options is in order. Options are contracts between two parties: the buyer of the option, and the seller of the option (also referred to as the writer). Call Option Buyers: A call option gives its buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase 100 shares of the underlying stock at a specific price (the option s strike price, also known as its exercise price) at any time until a fixed date in the future (the option s expiration date). Call Option Sellers: The writer of a call option assumes an obligation to sell 100 shares of the underlying stock at the option s exercise price if assigned at any time before the option s expiration. The name Covered Call is derived from the seller of the Call options being Covered as she can fully meet her obligation with the shares already owned. A person who sold a Call Option would be considered Naked as they do not have the stock to deliver. Writing Covered Calls Assume an investor currently holds 600 shares of XYZ, trading at $28. He purchased these shares at a lower price and has determined that $30 represents a fair target price at which he would be more than willing to sell his shares. One alternative is for him to simply wait until XYZ reaches $30 and then sell the stock in the marketplace; a second alternative is to write covered calls. The XYZ February 30 calls (with 55 days until expiration) are trading at $1.20. The investor decides to write 6 of these calls, thereby obligating himself to sell his 600-1
3 share position at $30 if assigned. In other words this investor is writing calls to presell shares he owns at his target price. What are the possible outcomes, the advantages and disadvantages of entering into such a strategy? Share Price Finishes Above Call Strike Price at Expiry First, let s review the possible outcomes: If XYZ rallies and is above $30 at option expiration in 55 days, then in all likelihood the investor would be assigned in the in-themoney written calls and be obligated to sell is 600 shares at $30 per share. Note that the stock could be trading at a price substantially higher and by being forced to sell at $30, this investor would suffer an opportunity loss. But if his goal was to sell the shares at $30, then his goal was met. Share Price finishes below Call Strike Price at Expiry Second, XYZ could be unchanged (or increase slightly) and close below the $30 strike at expiration, with the written calls expiring out-of-the-money and worthless. At this point the investor will still own his XYZ shares, his obligation to sell these will be terminated, he will have realized a $1.20 profit on the calls initial sale. He would then be in a position to sell another series of call options (for example the April 30 calls) if he is still willing to sell his XYZ shares. Share Price falls lower Finally, XYZ could fall in price below $28 over the coming two months. In this case the investor s accrued but unrealized profit on his XYZ would be reduced by the amount of the stock s decline. This loss, however, would be partially offset by the $1.20 gain the investor realizes on the expiring out-of the- money call options. 2
4 Advantages of writing covered calls in this example þ $1.20 per share profit will be realized if XYZ is unchanged over the next 55 days þ If XYZ retreats, the calls offer partial downside protection, reducing the losses on the stock by $1.20. þ This strategy helps an investor stick with a set target price for selling the underlying shares. Some investors may find that writing covered calls on stocks they own helps them with trading discipline and forces them not to constantly change their target prices. Disadvantages of writing Covered Calls in this example þ Downside protection is limited to $1.20 þ Investor may suffer an opportunity loss if XYZ rallies substantially above $30 þ If the investor s opinion on the underlying stock changes, exiting the covered write prior to expiration is more complex than simply selling the shares, as the written options must also be repurchased (covered). Writing Covered Calls as an Alternative to Open Orders Some investors view writing covered calls as an alternative to entering an open sell order. Someone who enters an open sell order for a stock that they own is saying: "If these shares go up to $45, I will sell them". Someone who writes the $45 calls on these same shares is saying: "If these shares go up to $45, I will sell them". But there are subtle differences, as well as many similarities, between these two strategies. Let s look at them in more detail. þ Cash flow: There are no costs in entering an open order but neither are there any tangible benefits. By writing covered calls an investor will pocket the options premium as positive cash flow is generated. 3
5 þ Result if stock unchanged: If the stock is unchanged by the options expiration date, the call writer will have a profit equal to the options premium and will still hold her shares. The investor who placed an open order will still have a long stock position, but neither profit nor gain. þ Result if stock down: If the price of the underlying falls, the investor who placed an open order will be accruing unrealized losses (or seeing her accrued gains diminish); the same situation will exist for the covered writer, except that he will keep the option premium which will fully or partially offset the losses (or reduced profits) on the stock. þ Stock briefly hits target price: Assume an open sell order was placed at $45 by one investor, and the $45 calls written by another. If the stock rallies briefly above $45 the investor who placed the open order will sell his shares (assuming the stock rises to any price above $45). The covered writer may not be assigned on her short calls if the stock rises briefly above $45 and then retreats to a lower level. The odds of selling shares at $45 are therefore better for the investor who places the open order (stock only needs to trade above $45 once) than for the covered writer (stock needs to be above $45 at option expiration). þ Cost of changing one s mind: The investor who places an open order can cancel this order or change the target price at any point in time, at no cost, so long as she does so before her shares have been sold. The covered writer who decides to change his mind, either cancelling his obligation to sell outright, or moving his target selling price higher, will have to re-purchase the calls sold and may be doing so at a profit or at a loss. For the covered writer, it is impossible to tell if there will be a cost associated with changing his mind. So an investor who is considering writing covered calls as an alternative to placing an open sell order for a stock held must weigh the following: receiving the options premium which will lead to out-performance if the stock does not rise to the target price versus the higher probability of selling the stock through 4
6 an open order and the unknown cost of changing one s mind sometime in the future. Will My Short Calls Be Assigned? There may be situations when the covered call writer may not be able to reliable predict whether he is going to be assigned or not at expiration. If on expiration Friday the stock price closes above the strike price of the Short Call Option, the shares will be automatically sold. Early Assignment All equity options are American-style options, which means that their holders (buyers) have the right to exercise them on any business day, up to and including expiration Friday. The flip side of this, is that the writer of an equity option is at risk of being assigned early. Two questions need to be answered: can the risks of early assignment be quantified, and is early assignment a negative or a positive? To quantify the risk of being assigned early on written calls, it is best to view this question from the perspective of the option holder, the investor who purchased call options. Assume an investor purchased some September $50 call options. The underlying stock is now trading in the $54-$55 range. Should this investor exercise his options early? The $50 calls give this investor the right to purchase shares at $50. He could do so today, but he could also do so tomorrow. Is there any advantage in exercising this right today? Not really. Is there any point in waiting until tomorrow? Yes. Assuming that this investor has the cash necessary to purchase the underlying shares, waiting until tomorrow to exercise means postponing the purchase by one day. This means that the 5
7 cash can be retained and earn interest for an additional day. Of course, tomorrow the same analysis can be made again and the purchase deferred another day to earn another day s worth of interest. The option holder has one very good reason to postpone exercising his calls: the longer he waits, the longer his cash earns interest. Therefore, early exercise/assignment of calls is relatively rare as there is no economic justification in spending money today when it can be spent later. Ex Dividend Date & Assignment There is, however, one exception to this, and that is when the underlying stock is about to go ex-dividend. The question facing the call holder is: do I wait until immediately prior to expiration and keep earning interest on my cash, or do I exercise on the day before the stock goes ex-dividend, spend the cash early but collect the dividend? When equity calls are exercised early it is in most instances for a dividend. Call writers should therefore be aware that the risk of early assignment is at its highest immediately prior to the underlying stocks ex-dividend date. But is being assigned early a negative event? The writer of a covered call knows that at best she will sell her stock for the options exercise price. Being assigned early simply means selling the underlying stock earlier rather than later, and at the same price. Most investors would prefer to get paid today rather than tomorrow, and early assignment may be viewed as a positive. 6
8 Buy/Write Strategy If the starting point of the covered call discussion in the previous section was an investor with an existing long stock position looking to cash-out by selling it at a target price, the starting point of this buy/write discussion is an investor looking to invest cash instead. Here is what we mean: the buy/write is the new purchase of underlying shares, and the simultaneous writing of covered call options. For example, an investor could purchase 300 shares of XYZ at $62 and simultaneously write 3 of the June 65 calls at $2.30 per contract. At most brokerage firms, both the purchase of the stock and the sale of the calls can be entered as one order. The buy/write is primarily a return based strategy; that is to say investors enter into it looking to earn a specific rate of return. Most investors who establish a buy/write calculate two rates of returns before entering into the strategy: 1. static return 2. if-called return Calculating the initial investment The premium received when call options are written can be used to partially pay for the purchase of the underlying shares. For example, an investor who purchases shares of XYZ at $28 and simultaneously writes the December 30 calls at $1.10 can use this $1.10 to partially pay for his shares. His initial investment is therefore only $26.90 (i.e., $28 less $1.10) per XYZ share. This is the cash that would be necessary to initiate the buy/write and represents the investor s initial investment. This also represents the downside break-even on the overall strategy, i.e., the buy/write will show a loss at option expiration if XYZ falls below $
9 Calculating the static return The static return answers the question: What will the strategy s return be if the price of the underlying stock remains unchanged? For example, an investor purchases XYZ at $57 and writes the August 60 calls at $1.70. August options have 70 days until they expire. What will be this investor s static return? The profit on the strategy, assuming an unchanged stock price, will be $1.70, the option s premium. Remember that if the price of the stock remains unchanged the calls will expire worthless as they will be out-of-the-money. The investor will still hold the shares of XYZ (still worth $57) and will have a gain of $1.70 on the expiring options. The static return will therefore be: $1.70 profit / ($57 - $1.70) cost of shares = 3.07% It is customary to annualize returns calculated for buy/writes. This is done by dividing the actual return by the number of days until expiration and multiplying by 365: (3.07% X 365) / 70 = 16.0% annualized If the stock pays a dividend and if the investor is entitled to receive one or more dividends over the term of the strategy, then the dividends received should be added to the strategy s profit. Calculating the if-called return The if-called return answers the question: What will the strategy s return be if the underlying stock rises above the options exercise price, the calls are assigned and the stock sold at the options strike price? The if-called return also represents the strategy s best-case scenario, the maximum return that can be realized. In dollar terms, the most that a buy/write can earn is the appreciation of the stock from its purchase price to the options exercise price (assuming that the calls written were out-of-the-money) plus the option premium obtained in initiating the strategy. 8
10 Continuing with the same example used in calculating the static return, if XYZ is purchased at $57 and the August 60 calls written for $1.70, the stock s potential appreciation is $3 (from a purchase price of $57 to the options exercise price of 60) and the options premium remains $1.70. The if-called return is then: ($3 + $1.70) / ($57 - $1.70) = 8.5% Once again, it is customary to annualize this return, with the same formula used with the static return: (8.5% X 365) / 70 = 44.3% annualized As with the static return any dividends that accrue to the investor during the lifetime of the option should be added to the investor s profit. A note of caution: some buy/writes will post eye-popping if-called returns. Investors must remember two facts when looking at these returns: 1. the if-called return will only be earned if the underlying stock rises above the options exercise price by the expiration date. This may represent a substantial rise in a short period of time. 2. an investor may not be able to realize the annualized returns based on relatively short periods of time (such as 70 days in our scenario above) on a consistent basis. If the buy/write in our example does earn its 44.3% annualized rate of return, there is no guarantee that in 70 days another comparable buy/write with a comparable rate of return will be available. When to apply a covered call strategy A buy/write is most appropriately defined as a neutral to moderately bullish investment strategy. This means it will perform best using stocks that are expected to remain unchanged ( neutral ) or rise slightly ( moderately bullish ). If a stock is 9
11 expected to rise substantially a more bullish strategy may be in order, although the buy/write will remain profitable if the underlying stock rallies strongly. Comparing Different Buy/Writes for a Specific Stock An investor has decided to initiate a buy/write on XYZ stock, currently trading at $125. She is considering writing either the March 130 calls at $2, or the March 135 calls at $0.90. March options expire in 60 days. She calculates the following annualized static and if-called returns for these two options: $130 Calls $135 Calls Static Return 9.9% 4.4% If-Called Return 34.6% 53.4% She notes that the 130 calls offer the higher static return and the 135 calls the higher ifcalled return. Is one buy/write better than the other? No. And herein lies one of the decisions every investor who initiates a buy/write must make: which strike price should be chosen. A few points to keep in mind when deciding between various strike prices: 1. There is a greater probability of earning the static return than of earning the ifcalled return, since the former only requires the underlying stock to remain unchanged, whereas the latter needs the stock to rise to the options exercise price. 2. When comparing two options, the at-the-money (or the one closest to being atthe-money) will have a higher static return, the out-of-the-money the higher ifcalled return. 10
12 3. The further a call is out-of-the-money, the greater the proportion of the potential return that comes from stock appreciation, and the more the position starts to look like a straight stock position. There is unfortunately no best option that can be written, just choices between higher static and higher if-called returns. Comparing Buy/Writes on Two Different Stocks An investor is looking to initiate a buy/write and has narrowed her choice to two stocks: XYZ and ZYX. She calculates static and if-called returns with the November options (72 days until expiration) and obtains the following annualized numbers: XYZ ZYX Static Return 5.1% 7.4% If-Called Return 21.2% 29.9% At first glance ZYX would appear to be a better choice: it offers both a higher static and a higher if-called rate of return. But there is a reason that both rates of return are higher for ZYX: the options premiums are higher, indicating that the market is pricing these with a higher volatility estimate. In other words, the options on ZYX are relatively higher because the market views ZYX as a more volatile, and therefore more risky, stock. The covered write on ZYX is not better than the one on XYZ it simply offers a different risk profile: higher potential return for taking on a higher level of risk. As a rule of thumb, abnormally high rates of return generally come with higher degrees of risk. 11
13 Whenever investors find buy/writes with abnormally high rates of return they must realize that these come at the cost of assuming a higher degree of risk. Buy/Writes: Possible Outcomes at Expiration If an investor has initiated a buy/write and takes no action prior to option expiration, there are only two possible outcomes: the calls will either expire worthless, or the investor will be assigned and the underlying stock sold at the options expiration price. (In the next section we will explore possible actions to be taken prior to expiration). 1. Stock above options exercise price: If on expiration Friday the stock closes above the options exercise price, it is more than likely that the options will be assigned and the investor who initiated the buy/write will be forced to sell the underlying shares at the options strike price. The strategy will then have earned its if-called return, the highest return it can generate. 2. Stock below the options exercise price: If on expiration Friday the stock is below the options exercise price, the options will expire worthless and the writer s obligation will be terminated. On the Monday following expiration the investor will then have the opportunity to write another series of call options. For example if the June options ceased trading on Friday the 18th, on Monday the 21st an investor could write July or August options if she wanted to continue with the buy/write strategy. If the underlying stock is unchanged or close to unchanged, calls with the same strike price as the June options can probably be written. If the stock is down by more than a few dollars, the investor who wants to continue writing covered calls may have to select a lower strike price than that of the June options, a situation that could eventually produce a loss. For example assume the stock was originally purchased at $43, and the June 45 calls sold for $1. If at the June expiration the stock is trading down at $38 the June calls would expire with no value. On Monday after expiration July 40 calls could be sold for 12
14 $1. Since the investor s initial investment was $42 ($43 initially paid for the stock less the $1 premium received from the sale of the June calls), writing the July 40 calls reduces this by another $1 to $41. If the stock is above $40 at July expiration and the investor is assigned on the short July 40 calls, the net loss on the strategy would be $1 per share since a total of $41 was invested but only $40 generated on the sale of the stock from the assignment. Some investors may not want to write the 40 calls since they are locking in a loss, others may be willing to do so since absorbing losses is part of investing. Timing is the key to covered call writing Trying to write calls for income and not have your stock called away from you takes a bit more skill and timing. It is wise to recognize the bearish or neutral price patterns that you have learned previously to help recognize when a stock is most likely to relax, thus allowing us to keep our premium and our stock, with the anticipation of doing it again next month. It is during the peaks of these patterns that we should look to sell calls. 13
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Who Should Consider Using Covered Calls? An investor who is neutral to moderately bullish on some of the equities in his portfolio. An investor who is willing to limit his upside potential
More informationThe Poorman s Covered Call. - Debit Spread - Defined Risk - Defined Reward - Mildly Bullish
The Poorman s Covered Call - Debit Spread - Defined Risk - Defined Reward - Mildly Bullish General Nature & Characteristics The Poorman s Covered Call is made up entirely of Call options on the same underlying
More informationOptions Strategies. BIGSKY INVESTMENTS.
Options Strategies https://www.optionseducation.org/en.html BIGSKY INVESTMENTS www.bigskyinvestments.com 1 Getting Started Before you buy or sell options, you need a strategy. Understanding how options
More informationThe Bull Call Spread. - Debit Spread - Defined Risk - Defined Reward - Mildly Bullish
The Bull Call Spread - Debit Spread - Defined Risk - Defined Reward - Mildly Bullish 1. Bull Call Spread 1.1 General Nature & Characteristics The bull call spread is a long vertical spread made up entirely
More informationOPTIONS STRATEGY QUICK GUIDE
OPTIONS STRATEGY QUICK GUIDE OPTIONS STRATEGY QUICK GUIDE Trading options is a way for investors to take advantage of nearly any market condition. The strategies in this guide will let you trade, generate
More informationUnderstanding Covered Calls and Buy-Write Strategies
1-888-OPTIONS www.optionseducation.org YOUR DESTINATION FOR OPTIONS EDUCATION SUMMER 09 Understanding Covered Calls and Buy-Write Strategies By: Bill Ryan In this summer 2009 issue: Feature: Understanding
More informationLEAPS. Long-term Equity AnticiPation Securities TM. How to put your long-term market opinions to work with LEAPS
LEAPS Long-term Equity AnticiPation Securities TM How to put your long-term market opinions to work with LEAPS The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) is the world s largest options marketplace and one
More informationOptions Strategies in a Neutral Market
Class: Options Strategies in a Neutral Market www.888options.com 1.888.678.4667 This document discusses exchange-traded options issued by The Options Clearing Corporation. No statement in this document
More informationLONG-TERM EQUITY ANTICIPATION SECURITIES
LEAPS September 2000 LONG-TERM EQUITY ANTICIPATION SECURITIES Table of Contents Contents Page(s) Introduction 3 Benefits and Risks to Investors 4 Buying and Selling LEAPS 6 Strategies 7 Index LEAPS 11
More informationCopyright 2015 by IntraDay Capital Management Ltd. (IDC)
Copyright 2015 by IntraDay Capital Management Ltd. (IDC) All content included in this book, such as text, graphics, logos, images, data compilation etc. are the property of IDC. This book or any part thereof
More informationLearn To Trade Stock Options
Learn To Trade Stock Options Written by: Jason Ramus www.daytradingfearless.com Copyright: 2017 Table of contents: WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THIS MANUAL WHAT IS AN OPTION BASICS OF HOW AN OPTION WORKS RECOMMENDED
More informationStrategies for a flat market
Course #: Title Module 8 Strategies for a flat market Topic 1: Strategy overview... 3 Introduction... 3 Aggressively neutral... 3 Construction... 3 Strategy outcome... 4 Time decay and volatility... 4
More informationOptions Mastery Day 2 - Strategies
Options Mastery Day 2 - Strategies Day 2 Agenda 10:00-10:10 - Overview and Q&A from Day 1 10:10-11:00 - Morning Trade Walk Thru & Trade Plans 11:00 12:00 - Options 101 Review & Long Call/Put Criteria 12:00-12:15
More informationIntroduction to Options I placed my options trade! Now what?
Introduction to Options I placed my options trade! Now what? Fidelity Brokerage Services, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917. FMR LLC. All rights reserved. 746419.2.0 Disclosures
More informationMarket Strategies. Navin Bafna Investment Banking Jan 2008
Market Strategies Using Options Navin Bafna Investment Banking Jan 2008 SEGMENTS CAPITAL MARKET CASH FUTURES & OPTIONS FUTURES OPTIONS ONE TWO THREE MONTH CALL PUT OPTIONS CALL PUT CALL PUT The buyer of
More informationThe Synthetic Futures Position. Goal
The Synthetic Futures Position Goal To try to profit from a trending market using an option strategy that allows entry at a reduced cost while offering the same potential for unlimited profit (and loss)
More informationTHE AMAZING STOCK REPAIR STRATEGY
Bonus #2 THE AMAZING STOCK REPAIR STRATEGY In today s markets, everyone from amateurs to professionals alike experience losses sometimes. Since the bubble burst, investors have come to understand that
More informationSwing Trading SMALL, MID & L ARGE CAPS STOCKS & OPTIONS
Swing Trading SMALL, MID & L ARGE CAPS STOCKS & OPTIONS Warrior Trading I m a full time trader and help run a live trading room where we trade in real time and teach people how to trade stocks. My primary
More informationSTRATEGIES WITH OPTIONS
MÄLARDALEN UNIVERSITY PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS ANALYTICAL FINANCE I, MT1410 TEACHER: JAN RÖMAN 2003-10-21 STRATEGIES WITH OPTIONS GROUP 3: MAGNUS SÖDERHOLTZ MAZYAR ROSTAMI SABAHUDIN
More informationOPTIONS ON GOLD FUTURES THE SMARTER WAY TO HEDGE YOUR RISK
OPTIONS ON GOLD FUTURES THE SMARTER WAY TO HEDGE YOUR RISK INTRODUCTION Options on Futures are relatively easy to understand once you master the basic concept. OPTION The option buyer pays a premium to
More informationGuide to Expert Options Trading Advanced Strategies that will Put You in the Money Fast. By Jacob Mintz, Chief Analyst, Cabot Options Trader Pro
Guide to Expert Options Trading Advanced Strategies that will Put You in the Money Fast By Jacob Mintz, Chief Analyst, Cabot Options Trader Pro As a subscriber to Cabot Options Trader Pro, I hope you will
More informationIntroduction to Options Part I of III: The Basics
Webinar Presentation Introduction to Options Part I of III: The Basics Presented by: Trading Strategy Desk 1 Fidelity Brokerage Services, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917. 2016
More informationPrice options for grain, when used in conjunction
Options Tools to Reduce Risk File A2-67 May, 1995 options for grain, when used in conjunction with cash sales, provide a set of marketing tools for farmers. Two of these tools can protect you from falling
More informationDISCLOSURE DOCUMENT FOR COMMODITY FUTURES CONTRACTS, FOR OPTIONS TRADED ON A RECOGNIZED MARKET AND FOR EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY FUTURES OPTIONS
POLICY STATEMENT Q-22 DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT FOR COMMODITY FUTURES CONTRACTS, FOR OPTIONS TRADED ON A RECOGNIZED MARKET AND FOR EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY FUTURES OPTIONS 1. In the case of commodity futures
More informationCall Options - Outline
Call Options - Outline 1 B.1.1 Call Options - Part 1 Quick Review of a Long Forward Call Option Details To Exercise or Not To Exercise Purchased Call Payoff Exercises B.1.1 Call Options - Part 1 1 / 9
More informationHEDGING WITH FUTURES AND BASIS
Futures & Options 1 Introduction The more producer know about the markets, the better equipped producer will be, based on current market conditions and your specific objectives, to decide whether to use
More informationAn Income Strategy: Let s Sell Some Options
1 Joe Burgoyne Director, Options Industry Council www.optionseducation.org An Income Strategy: Let s Sell Some Options 2 Disclaimer Options involve risks and are not suitable for everyone. Individuals
More informationcovered warrants uncovered an explanation and the applications of covered warrants
covered warrants uncovered an explanation and the applications of covered warrants Disclaimer Whilst all reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information comprising this brochure,
More informationTRADING ADDICTS. Lesson 3: Timing and Technical Indicators. Timing the Market. Copyright 2010, Trading Addicts, LLC. All Rights Reserved
Lesson 3: Timing and Technical Indicators In this chapter, we will be focusing on the timing of the trade, from each individual angle. Timing plays a critical role in a Covered Call strategy, as it can
More informationP. SILVERMAN & Co., LLC. P. SILVERMAN & Co., LLC 68 Jay Street, Suite 201 Brooklyn, NY Tel: (646) Fax: (646)
DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT OF P. SILVERMAN & Co., LLC A COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR REGISTERED WITH THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION P. SILVERMAN & Co., LLC 68 Jay Street, Suite 201 Brooklyn, NY 11201 Tel:
More informationSELLERS VS BUYERS: WHO WINS? A STUDY OF CME OPTIONS EXPIRATION PATTERNS BY JOHN F. SUMMA, PH.D. FOUNDER AND MANAGING MEMBER OPTIONSNERD.
SELLERS VS BUYERS: WHO WINS? A STUDY OF CME OPTIONS EXPIRATION PATTERNS BY JOHN F. SUMMA, PH.D. FOUNDER AND MANAGING MEMBER OPTIONSNERD.COM, LLC Introduction Option traders rarely take into account a little
More informationThe Neutral Market Strategy
The Neutral Market Strategy GOAL To make a profit selling options in a sideways-moving market. SUMMARY Experts estimate that markets typically trend roughly 30% of the time. The remaining 70% of the time
More informationMARKETING ALTERNATIVES
2018 CONTRACT GUIDE MARKETING ALTERNATIVES We, at Crossroads Cooperative Association, would like to offer various marketing alternatives to our producer customers. Each alternative has its place and value
More informationTheStreet.com Options Alerts. Wealth-Building. for independent investors. by Steven Smith
TheStreet.com Options Alerts 3 Options Wealth-Building Strategies for independent investors by Steven Smith Options allow investors and traders alike to develop myriad approaches to a trade. Someone may
More informationExamples of simple Buy and Write strategies
Examples of simple Buy and Write strategies The following examples demonstrate how OptionExpert may be used to help you select option positions. Examples are of the simplest forms of option trading. The
More informationHow to Turn Your. Brokerage Account Into an ATM
How to Turn Your Brokerage Account Into an ATM How to Turn Your Brokerage Account Into an ATM By Jeff P. Opdyke A lot of investors are looking for investment income these days. Unfortunately, 99% of Americans
More informationAn old stock market saying is, "Bulls can make money, bears can make money, but pigs end up getting slaughtered.
In this lesson, you will learn about buying on margin and selling short. You will learn how buying on margin and selling short can increase potential gains on stock purchases, but at the risk of greater
More informationCandlestick Secrets for Profiting in Options Seminar The Foundation of Options
Option Spreads 45 Bull Vertical Spreads Bull call (debit) & Bull put (credit) 46 Bull Call Spreads Buy lower strike (95) call Sell higher strike (100) call (same expiration) Which of these two strikes
More informationVolatility & Arbitrage Trading
2002 Market Compass, Inc. Options involve risk and are not suitable for everyone. Prior to buying or selling an option, a person must receive a copy of Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.
More informationSwing TradING CHAPTER 2. OPTIONS TR ADING STR ATEGIES
Swing TradING CHAPTER 2. OPTIONS TR ADING STR ATEGIES When do we want to use options? There are MANY reasons to learn options trading and MANY scenarios in which you might trade them When we want leverage
More informationOptions. Understanding options strategies
Options Understanding options strategies FSR TERMINOLOGY CHANGES ASX has changed its business framework for trading, clearing and settlement. As a result there have been changes to the terminology used
More informationIncrease Your Returns By 948%
Increase Your Returns By 948% How to Increase Your Returns by 948% or More: Covered Call Writing Welcome to our special report, How To Increase Your Returns By 948% Or More: Covered Call Writing". You
More informationGuide to Options Trading
Guide to Options Trading Easy Strategies that will Put You in the Money Fast By Jacob Mintz, Chief Analyst, Cabot Options Trader As a subscriber to Cabot Options Trader, I hope you will benefit from my
More informationEducation Pack. Options 21
Education Pack Options 21 What does the free education pack contain?... 3 Who is this information aimed at?... 3 Can I share it with my friends?... 3 What is an option?... 4 Definition of an option...
More informationGetting Started with Options. Jump start your portfolio by learning options. OptionsElitePicks.com
Getting Started with Options Jump start your portfolio by learning options OptionsElitePicks.com Your First Options Trade Let s walk through a simple options trade. For this walk through, I m going to
More informationProduct Disclosure Statement
Product Disclosure Statement 8 July 2010 01 Part 1 General Information Before deciding whether to trade with us in the products we offer, you should consider this PDS and whether dealing in contracts for
More informationProfit from a rising share price
Course #: Title Module 5 Profit from a rising share price Topic 1: Introduction... 3 The call buyer's rights... 3 Profits and losses... 4 Topic 2: Why buy a call?... 5 Leveraged exposure... 5 Example...
More informationIntroduction to options
Introduction to options Schwab Trading Services 2018 Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. ( Schwab ). All rights reserved. Member SIPC. (0617-7TCF) Important information Options carry a high level of risk and are
More informationFin 4200 Project. Jessi Sagner 11/15/11
Fin 4200 Project Jessi Sagner 11/15/11 All Option information is outlined in appendix A Option Strategy The strategy I chose was to go long 1 call and 1 put at the same strike price, but different times
More informationFinance 527: Lecture 30, Options V2
Finance 527: Lecture 30, Options V2 [John Nofsinger]: This is the second video for options and so remember from last time a long position is-in the case of the call option-is the right to buy the underlying
More informationPRODUCT DISCLOSURE STATEMENT 1 APRIL 2014
PRODUCT DISCLOSURE STATEMENT 1 APRIL 2014 Table of Contents 1. General information 01 2. Significant features of CFDs 01 3. Product Costs and Other Considerations 07 4. Significant Risks associated with
More informationChapter 2. An Introduction to Forwards and Options. Question 2.1
Chapter 2 An Introduction to Forwards and Options Question 2.1 The payoff diagram of the stock is just a graph of the stock price as a function of the stock price: In order to obtain the profit diagram
More informationBasic Option Strategies
Page 1 of 9 Basic Option Strategies This chapter considers trading strategies for profiting from our ability to conduct a fundamental and technical analysis of a stock by extending our MCD example. In
More informationTimely, insightful research and analysis from TradeStation. Options Toolkit
Timely, insightful research and analysis from TradeStation Options Toolkit Table of Contents Important Information and Disclosures... 3 Options Risk Disclosure... 4 Prologue... 5 The Benefits of Trading
More informationWe have seen extreme volatility for commodity futures recently. In fact, we could make a case that volatility has been increasing steadily since the original significant moves which began in 2005-06 for
More informationSecure your position
Secure your position Commonwealth Securities Limited ABN 60 067 254 399 AFSL 238814 ( CommSec ) Locked Bag 22, Australia Square NSW 1215 Important information. The examples in this brochure are for illustrative
More information27PercentWeekly. By Ryan Jones. Part II in the Series Start Small and Retire Early Trading Weekly Options
By Ryan Jones Part II in the Series Start Small and Retire Early Trading Weekly Options Important My 27% Option Strategy is one of the best option trading opportunities you will come across. When you see
More informationPURPOSE OF AN INVERTED CREDIT SPREAD
1 PURPOSE OF AN INVERTED CREDIT SPREAD The purpose of an Inverted Credit Spread is to extend duration on an iron fly or iron condor in order to hold the trade longer, lower the trade basis and turn a losing
More informationWeekly Options Secrets Revealed: A Proven Options Trading Plan
Weekly Options Secrets Revealed: A Proven Options Trading Plan When talking about stock options there are many common questions that come up. Which strike price should I trade? Should I buy or sell the
More informationButterflies, Condors and Risk Limiting Strategies. The Options Industry Council
Butterflies, Condors and Risk Limiting Strategies December 17, 2013 Joe Burgoyne, OIC www.optionseducation.org 2 The Options Industry Council Options involve risks and are not suitable for everyone. Prior
More informationManagerial Accounting Prof. Dr. Varadraj Bapat Department School of Management Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Managerial Accounting Prof. Dr. Varadraj Bapat Department School of Management Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture - 30 Budgeting and Standard Costing In our last session, we had discussed about
More informationSt.George Directshares
St.George Directshares Exchange Traded Options Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) 1 November 2018 A service provided by CMC Markets Stockbroking Limited AFSL No. 246381 and ABN 69 081 002 851 Directshares
More information1 Understanding options trading
1 Understanding options trading Disclaimer Information provided is for educational purposes and does not constitute financial product advice. You should obtain independent advice from an Australian financial
More informationOptions. Investment Management. Fall 2005
Investment Management Fall 2005 A call option gives its holder the right to buy a security at a pre-specified price, called the strike price, before a pre-specified date, called the expiry date. A put
More informationProduct Disclosure Statement
Product Disclosure Statement OzForex Limited trading as OFX (ABN: 65 092 375 703) ( OFX ) Revised as at: 15 MAY 2018 Version No: 1.6 Contents 1 PURPOSE 1.1 Information 1.2 No Financial Advice 1.3 Client
More informationExchange Traded Options Product Disclosure Statement (PDS)
CMC Markets Stockbroking Limited Exchange Traded Options Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) 7 June 2018 AFSL No. 246381 and ABN 69 081 002 851 Table of Contents Table of contents Part 1 01 General introduction
More informationSECURE YOUR POSITION
SECURE YOUR POSITION Commonwealth Securities Limited ABN 60 067 254 399 AFSL 238814 ( CommSec ) Locked Bag 22, Australia Square NSW 1215 Important information. The examples in this brochure are for illustrative
More informationwww.zacks.com/optionstrader Zacks Investment Research, Inc. 10 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1600 Chicago, Illinois 60606 Introduction Welcome Congratulations on getting started with the Options Trader. Did
More informationProduct Disclosure Statement CommSec Exchange- Traded Options. Product Disclosure Statement 1
Product Disclosure Statement CommSec Exchange- Traded Options Product Disclosure Statement 1 2 Exchange-Traded Options Issue Date: 17 October 2016. Important Information Changes to this Product Disclosure
More informationIntermediate Outlook July 13-20, 2009 Jim Curry, Publisher
Intermediate Outlook July 13-20, 2009 Jim Curry, Publisher S&P 500 CASH S&P 500 Cash Index - 07/17/09 Close - 940.38 SPX CASH: 5-Day Projected Support and Resistance levels: High - 976; Low - 908 SEPT
More informationTrading Mechanics. Putting On a Position
Trading Mechanics Putting On a Position Trading Mechanics Options involve risks and are not suitable for everyone. Prior to buying or selling options, an investor must receive a copy of Characteristics
More informationSelling Call Options
Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this presentation reflect those of the individual authors/presenters only and do not represent in any way Bourse de Montréal Inc. s (the Bourse ) opinion
More informationOptions 101: The building blocks
PORTFOLIO DISCUSSION J.P. MORGAN U.S. EQUITY GROUP October 2013 Connecting you with our global network of investment professionals IN BRIEF This paper provides an overview of options and describes strategies
More informationProfit from a falling share price
Course #: Title Module 6 Profit from a falling share price Topic 1: Introduction... 3 The put buyer's rights... 3 Profits and losses... 4 Topic 2: Leveraged exposure to a falling share price... 5 Leveraged
More informationProfit Watch Investment Group, Inc. Terms and Definitions Used in Our Investment Approach
Profit Watch Investment Group, Inc. Terms and Definitions Used in Our Investment Approach Profit Watch Investment Group (PWIG) has a very narrow investment approach which may not be fully understood by
More informationFundamental Analysis is the study of Financial Statements and Ratios which help evaluate a company s overall Value and Growth potential.
Trading vs. Investing Investing is defined as taking a stake in a company in hopes of benefiting from their prosperity through price appreciation and dividend payouts. Fundamental Analysis is the study
More informationProduct Disclosure Statement Structured Foreign Exchange Option Products 1 April 2019
Product Disclosure Statement Structured Foreign Exchange Option Products 1 April 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 2 ABOUT THIS PDS... 3 2.1 Purpose and Contents of this
More informationAn Introduction to Options Trading Success
An Introduction to Options Trading Success Presented by: James B. Bittman Senior Instructor, The Options Institute (the educational arm of The Chicago Board Options Exchange) and Author, Options for the
More informationCHAPTER 14: ANSWERS TO CONCEPTS IN REVIEW
CHAPTER 14: ANSWERS TO CONCEPTS IN REVIEW 14.1 Puts and calls are negotiable options issued in bearer form that allow the holder to sell (put) or buy (call) a stipulated amount of a specific security/financial
More informationResistance to support
1 2 2.3.3.1 Resistance to support In this example price is clearly consolidated and we can expect a breakout at some time in the future. This breakout could be short or it could be long. 3 2.3.3.1 Resistance
More informationP1.T3. Financial Markets & Products. Hull, Options, Futures & Other Derivatives. Trading Strategies Involving Options
P1.T3. Financial Markets & Products Hull, Options, Futures & Other Derivatives Trading Strategies Involving Options Bionic Turtle FRM Video Tutorials By David Harper, CFA FRM 1 Trading Strategies Involving
More informationQ&A, 10/08/03. To buy and sell options do we need to contact the broker or can it be dome from programs like Bloomberg?
Q&A, 10/08/03 Dear Students, Thanks for asking these great questions! The answer to my question (what is a put) I you all got right: put is an option contract giving you the right to sell. Here are the
More informationExchange Traded Options Product Disclosure Statement (PDS)
Bendigo Invest Direct Exchange Traded Options Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) 17 May 2017 A service provided by CMC Markets Stockbroking Limited AFSL No. 246381 and ABN 69 081 002 851 Table of Contents
More informationCredits And Debits. Learning How to Use Credit Spread Strategies
Credits And Debits Learning How to Use Credit Spread Strategies Neither Better Trades or any of its personnel are registered broker-dealers or investment advisers. I will mention that I consider certain
More informationAn Introduction to Candlesticks for Options Using Nison Candlesticks as the Foundation to your option trading
Using Nison Candlesticks as the Foundation to your option trading, CMT President: Candlecharts.com Candlestick Benefits Easy to Understand Early Reversals Safety First East + West All markets All Time
More informationJohn W. Labuszewski MANAGING DIRECTOR RESEARCH AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
fx products Managing Currency Risks with Options John W. Labuszewski MANAGING DIRECTOR RESEARCH AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT jlab@cmegroup.com cmegroup.com/fx This represents an overview of our currency options
More informationEXCHANGE TRADED OPTIONS PRODUCT DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
EXCHANGE TRADED OPTIONS PRODUCT DISCLOSURE STATEMENT INTERACTIVE BROKERS LLC ARBN 091 191 141 AFSL 245 574 Date of Issue: 5 April 2018 INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Important Information 4 1.2 Purpose of
More informationIndiana University South Bend. Presenter: Roma Colwell-Steinke
Indiana University South Bend Presenter: Roma Colwell-Steinke Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM
More informationClimb to Profits WITH AN OPTIONS LADDER
Climb to Profits WITH AN OPTIONS LADDER We believe what matters most is the level of income your portfolio produces... Lattco uses many different factors and criteria to analyze, filter, and identify stocks
More informationLV= Flexible Guarantee Bond Series 3. Bond Conditions
LV= Flexible Guarantee Bond Series 3 Bond Conditions LV= Flexible Guarantee Bond Series 3 Bond Conditions Welcome to LV=, and to our Flexible Guarantee Bond Series 3 These Bond Conditions, together with
More informationPage 1 of 96 Order your Copy Now Understanding Chart Patterns
Page 1 of 96 Page 2 of 96 Preface... 5 Who should Read this book... 6 Acknowledgement... 7 Chapter 1. Introduction... 8 Chapter 2. Understanding Charts Convention used in the book. 11 Chapter 3. Moving
More informationTheoTrade. The Rebel s Guide to Trading Options. How to Protect & Profit in Any Market. Copyright TheoTrade, LLC. All rights reserved.
TheoTrade How to Protect & Profit in Any Market Copyright 2015-2016 TheoTrade, LLC. All rights reserved. Edition V2 Unauthorized duplication of this ebook is strictly prohibited. No part of this publication
More informationCHAPTER 17 OPTIONS AND CORPORATE FINANCE
CHAPTER 17 OPTIONS AND CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concept Questions 1. A call option confers the right, without the obligation, to buy an asset at a given price on or before a given date. A put option
More informationMT1410 Analytical Finance I Seminar Project, 1 p
MT1410 Analytical Finance I Seminar Project, 1 p D e p a r t m e n t o f M a t h e m a t i c s a n d P h y s i c s STRATEGIES WITH OPTIONS Seminar Project In Analytical Finance I Antti Laine Toma Boyacioglu
More informationA guide to reviewing your investments
December 2015 Additional Voluntary Contribution Scheme A guide to reviewing your investments Contents Additional Voluntary Contributions (AVCs) A reminder of how AVCs work. 2 Step 1: A brief guide to investments
More informationTAX PLANNING GUIDE 2002/ A065977
2002/2003 TAX PLANNING GUIDE www.prudential.com Prudential Financial is a service mark of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Newark, NJ, and its affiliates. August 2002 TAX100 A065977 Securities
More informationOptions Markets: Introduction
17-2 Options Options Markets: Introduction Derivatives are securities that get their value from the price of other securities. Derivatives are contingent claims because their payoffs depend on the value
More informationhttps://rbigradeb.com/
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..... 4 1.1 DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVES...4 1.2 ORIGIN OF DERIVATIVES...4 1.3 DERIVATIVES IN INDIA...5 1.4 TWO IMPORTANT TERMS...6 1.4.1 Spot Market...7 1.4.2 Index...7 CHAPTER
More informationReal Estate Private Equity Case Study 3 Opportunistic Pre-Sold Apartment Development: Waterfall Returns Schedule, Part 1: Tier 1 IRRs and Cash Flows
Real Estate Private Equity Case Study 3 Opportunistic Pre-Sold Apartment Development: Waterfall Returns Schedule, Part 1: Tier 1 IRRs and Cash Flows Welcome to the next lesson in this Real Estate Private
More informationIssuer: A warrant can be issued by a listed company (i.e. subscription warrant) or a third party such as a
Warrants A warrant is a derivative. It gives the buyer the right to buy or sell the underlying asset at a set price within a certain time. The underlying asset can be stock, market index, currency or commodity.
More information