Indiana University South Bend. Presenter: Roma Colwell-Steinke

Transcription

1 Indiana University South Bend Presenter: Roma Colwell-Steinke

2 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 2

3 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 3

4 Covered Call Terminology Long Stock + Short Call = Covered Call When you sell a call option you take on the obligation to sell shares When you own the shares the obligation to sell is covered by the long stock position CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 4

5 Covered Call Overview You own 100 Shares of stock VRM trading at You would be willing to sell your shares at 5 over the next few weeks Trade Sell 1 1-Month 50 Strike Call for 1.75 Total Premium Received = 100 x $1.75 = $175 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 5

6 Covered Call Long VRM at Short 1 50 Call at 1.75 Payoff Table Stock Price at Stock Profit / Expiration Loss 4 (8.50) (3.50) Short 50 Call Value (1.75) (5.00) Short 50 Call Income Total Profit / Loss (6.75) (1.75) CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 6

7 Covered Call Long VRM at Short VRM 50 Call at 1.75 Payoff Diagram Covered Call Long Stock at Effective Selling Price = CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 7

8 Covered Call Summary For a new option trader the covered call is a great first trade with a stock that is close to a target price The strategy may also be used to generate portfolio income if you believe a stock will be below a certain price at expiration CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 8

9 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 9

10 Protective Put Overview You own 100 Shares of stock OKST trading at You are concerned that OKST is going to drop 10% or more in the next four weeks Trade Buy 1 OKST 1-Month 60 Put at 1.00 Total Cost = 100 x $1.00 = $100 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 10

11 Protective Put Long OKST at Long 1 60 Put at 1.00 Payoff Table Stock Price at Stock Profit / Long 60 Long 60 Expiration Loss Put Value Put Cost (7.50) 5.00 (1.00) (5.00) 2.50 (1.00) 6 (2.50) (1.00) (1.00) (1.00) (1.00) Total Profit / Loss (3.50) (3.50) (3.50) (1.00) CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 11

12 Protective Put Long OKST at Long 1 OKST 60 Put at 1.00 Payoff Diagram Break-Even Max Loss (3.50) -8 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 12

13 Protective Put Long OKST at Long 1 OKST 60 Put at 1.00 Payoff Diagram Unhedged Long Stock Protected from losses -8 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 13

14 Protective Put Summary The protective put is a good strategy if you are bullish long term on a stock but concerned about near term price behavior Some upside is sacrificed but there is still the ability to benefit from price appreciation in the underlying market CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 14

15 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 15

16 The Collar Overview You own 100 Shares of stock OKST trading at You are concerned that OKST is going to drop 10% or more in the next four weeks but would be willing to sell a little higher Trades Buy 1 OKST 1-Month 60 Put at 1.00 Sell 1 OKST 1-Month 65 Call at 1.10 Total Income = 100 x ($1.10 $1.00) = $10 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 16

17 The Collar Long 100 OKST + Short 65 Call + Long 60 Put Payoff Table Stock Price at Expiration Stock Long 60 Short 65 Initial Total Profit / Profit / Loss Put Value Call Value Credit Loss (7.50) (2.40) (5.00) (2.40) (2.50) 0.10 (2.40) (2.50) (5.00) CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 17

18 The Collar Long 100 OKST + Short 65 Call + Long 60 Put Payoff Diagram Break-Even Maximum Gain Maximum Loss (2.40) -8 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 18

19 The Collar Long 100 OKST + Short 65 Call + Long 60 Put Payoff Diagram Unhedged Stock Profit / Loss CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 19

20 The Collar Summary A collar allows a trader to have low cost protection against a downside move in the underlying market This protection is paid for by giving up some upside CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 20

21 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 21

22 Cash Secured Put Purchasing Stock A seller of a put option takes on the obligation to buy shares of the underlying stock Berkshire Hathaway has used this method in the past to acquire shares of companies they find attractive CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 22

23 Cash Secured Put Trading Example IBM is trading at $ a share January expiration is in 40 days Berkshire Hathaway s average cost in 2010 was just under $17 A 170 strike put option may be sold and the result is the obligation to purchase shares Sell 1 IBM Jan CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 23

24 Cash Secured Put Trading Example Short 1 IBM Jan 170 Put at 2.25 Payoff Table IBM Short 1 Jan 170 Put Premium Received Profit / Loss IBM Position Long 100 Long 100 Long 100 No Position No Position No Position CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 24

25 Cash Secured Put Trading Example Short 1 Jan IBM 170 Put at 2.25 Payoff Diagram Break Even No IBM Position 2.25 Profit Long CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 25

26 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 26

27 Spread Trades Overview Spread trades are an effective method of trading a specific price and time outlook for an underlying (equity, index or ETF) A spread trade consists of buying and selling various options with the same underlying A spreads can be directional spread (Bullish Bearish) or A neutral spread when the forecast in the underlying is trading in a narrow range Spread trades have a range for maximum profit with a minimum amount of risk CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 27

28 Bullish Vertical Spread Introduction A Bullish Vertical Spread may be structured in two ways All Call Options Long lower strike / short higher strike Pay a Debit for initiating the trade All Put Options Long lower strike / short higher strike Receive a Credit for initiating trade CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 28

29 Bullish Vertical Spread Examples Bull Call Spread Long 1 XYZ 45 Call at 6.50 Short 1 XYZ 50 Call at 4.00 Pay Debit of 2.50 Bull Put Spread Long 1 XYZ 35 Put at 2.00 Short 1 XYZ 40 Put at 5.50 Receive Credit of 3.50 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 29

30 Bullish Vertical Spread Call Spread Example XYZ Trading at Bullish outlook for XYZ Target price of 5 in 45 Days 45 Day Option Pricing Bid Ask 40 Call Call Call Buy 1 45 Call at 1.80 Sell 1 50 Call at 0.45 Net Cost = 1.35 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 30

31 Bullish Vertical Spread Long 45 Call at 1.80 / Short 50 Call at 0.45 Payoff at Expiration Stock 45 Call 50 Call Trade Cost P/L (5.00) (1) (1.35) (1.35) (1.35) (1.35) (1.35) (1.35) (1.35) Recall Target Price = 5 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 31

32 Bullish Vertical Spread Long 45 Call at 1.80 / Short 50 Call at 0.45 Payoff Diagram 4 Max Gain XYZ Break even = Target price Max Loss CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 32

33 Bullish Vertical Spread Long 45 Put at 2.50 / Short 50 Put at 6.15 XYZ Trading at Bullish outlook for XYZ Target price of 5 in 45 Days 45 Day Option Pricing Bid Ask 40 Put Put Put Buy 1 45 Put at 2.50 Sell 1 50 Put at 6.15 Net Credit = 3.65 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 33

34 Bullish Vertical Spread Long 45 Put at 2.50 / Short 50 Put at 6.15 Payoff at Expiration Stock 45 Put 50 Put Credit P/L (1) (5.00) (1.35) (1.35) Recall (again) Target Price = 5 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 34

35 Bullish Vertical Spread Long 45 Put at 2.50 / Short 50 Put at 6.15 Payoff Diagram 4 Max Gain XYZ Break even = Target price Max Loss Yes it is all the same as the call spread example -2 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 35

36 Bullish Vertical Spread Call vs. Put Spread Two major differences Call spread initiated with a cost Put spread resulted in income The second difference relates to what happens at expiration CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 36

37 Bullish Vertical Spread Call vs. Put Spread Target was 5 assume the stock is over 5 at expiration Call Spread Long 45 Call Exercised Buy 100 Shares Short 50 Call Assigned Sell 100 Shares Put Spread Long 45 Put Expires Short 50 Put Expires Many traders prefer this outcome CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 37

38 Bearish Vertical Spread Introduction A Bearish Vertical Spread may be structured in two ways All Put Options Long higher strike / short lower strike Pay a Debit for initiating the trade All Call Options Long higher strike / short lower strike Receive a Credit for initiating trade CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 38

39 Bearish Vertical Spread Examples Bear Put Spread Short 1 XYZ 25 Put at 5.20 Long 1 XYZ 30 Put at 7.50 Pay Debit of 2.50 Bear Call Spread Short 1 XYZ 55 Call at 7.00 Long 1 XYZ 60 Call at 5.00 Receive Credit of 2.00 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 39

40 Bearish Vertical Spread Call Spread Example XYZ Trading at Bearish outlook for XYZ Target price of 4 in 45 Days 45 Day Option Pricing Bid Ask 40 Call Call Call Sell 1 40 Call at 4.70 Buy 1 45 Call at 1.80 Net Credit = 2.90 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 40

41 Bearish Vertical Spread Short 1 40 Call at 4.70 / Long 1 45 Call at 1.80 Payoff at Expiration Stock 40 Call 45 Call Credit P/L (5.00) (1) (15.00) (2.10) (2.10) (2.10) Recall Target Price = 4 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 41

42 Bearish Vertical Spread Short 1 40 Call at 4.70 / Long 1 45 Call at 1.80 Payoff Diagram 4 3 Max Gain XYZ Target price Break even = Max Loss CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 42

43 Vertical Spreads Overview You may always exit a vertical spread trade (or any option trade) before expiration However, the maximum profit for a vertical spread is usually not achieved until expiration Because of this short dated options (weeklys) are ideal for trading vertical spreads Traders tend to focus more on credit than debit spreads The preference for credit spreads emanates from receiving a credit when the trade is initiated as well as the options expiring out of the money if the forecast is correct CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 43

44 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 44

45 Iron Butterfly Introduction Consists of a position in four different option contracts It may also be thought of as a combination of a bear call spread and bull put spread A call and put with the same strike price are sold Two options are also purchased a lower strike put and a higher strike call The result is a neutral spread trade with a range where the maximum profit would be realized CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 45

46 Iron Butterfly Basic Example XYZ at 5 Long 1 XYZ 45 Put Short 1 XYZ 50 Put Short 1 XYZ 50 Call Long 1 XYZ 55 Call Bull Put Spread Bear Call Spread Both Bull Put and Bear Call spreads are credit spreads Iron Butterfly will always bring in a credit CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 46

47 Iron Butterfly Trading Example XYZ Trading at 4 Neutral outlook for XYZ Expect stock to trade in a tight range in 45 Days Buy 1 XYZ 35 Put at 0.25 Sell 1 XYZ 40 Put at 1.70 Sell 1 XYZ 40 Call at 1.65 Buy 1 XYZ 45 Call at = 2.80 Net Credit = 2.80 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 47

48 Iron Condor Trading Example Payoff at Expiration Stock 35 Put 40 Put 40 Call 45 Call Credit P/L (1) (5.00) (5.00) (1) (5.00) (2.20) (2.20) 2.80 (2.20) (2.20) CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 48

49 Iron Butterfly Trading Example Payoff Diagram 4 3 Max Gain Break even = XYZ Break even = Max Loss CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 49

50 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 50

51 Iron Condor Introduction Consists of a position in four different option contracts It may also be thought of as a combination of a bear call spread and bull put spread Bull put strike prices are lower than the bear call strikes The center strike options are sold and outside strike are purchased The result is a neutral spread trade with a range where the maximum profit would be realized CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 51

52 Iron Condor Basic Example XYZ at Long 1 XYZ 40 Put Short 1 XYZ 45 Put Short 1 XYZ 50 Call Long 1 XYZ 55 Call Bull Put Spread Bear Call Spread Both Bull Put and Bear Call spreads are credit spreads Iron Condor will always bring in a credit CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 52

53 Iron Condor Trading Example XYZ Trading at Neutral outlook for XYZ Expect stock in range in 45 Days Buy 1 XYZ 30 Put at 0.15 Sell 1 XYZ 35 Put at 0.90 Sell 1 XYZ 40 Call at 0.95 Buy 1 XYZ 45 Call at = 1.50 Net Credit = 1.50 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 53

54 Iron Condor Trading Example Payoff at Expiration Stock 30 Put 35 Put 40 Call 45 Call Credit P/L (1) (5.00) (5.00) (1) (3.50) (3.50) (3.50) (3.50) CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 54

55 Iron Condor Trading Example Payoff Diagram Break even = Max Gain Break even = XYZ Max Loss CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 55

56 Iron Butterfly vs. Iron Condor Strategy Comparisons Iron Butterfly usually takes in more income than a comparable Iron Condor An Iron Condor will have a higher likelihood than the Iron Butterfly of realizing a maximum payoff The break even points are usually wider for an Iron Condor than an Iron Butterfly A picture may help with all this CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 56

57 Iron Butterfly vs. Iron Condor Strategy Comparisons Payoff Diagrams CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 57

58 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 58

59 ITM, ATM, OTM and Delta Price of Stock Stock at 3 Price Delta ITM 27 Call ITM 28 Call ITM 29 Call ATM 30 Call OTM 31 Call OTM 32 Call OTM 33 Call CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 59

60 ITM, ATM, OTM and Delta Price of Stock Stock at 3 Price Delta OTM 27 Put OTM 28 Put OTM 29 Put ATM 30 Put ITM 31 Put ITM 32 Put ITM 33 Put CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 60

61 Delta Price of Stock Delta Expected change in the price of an option based on a one-point change in the stock Delta for a call option is positive Range will be to 1.00 Delta for a put option is negative Range will be to Option prices change less than the underlying market prices CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 61

62 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 62

63 Intrinsic Value and Time Value Intrinsic Value The amount that an option is in the money Time Value The portion of an option price that is above the intrinsic value CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 63

64 Intrinsic Value and Time Value XYZ at XYZ 50 Call at 8.00 Price of 50 Call 8.00 Time Value 3.00 Stock Price Intrinsic Value Time Value 3.00 Intrinsic Value 5.00 Market Value 8.00 Strike Price 5 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 64

65 Intrinsic Value and Time Value XYZ at XYZ 50 Put at 7.00 Strike Price 5 Intrinsic Value 5.00 Stock Price Time Value 2.00 Price of 50 Put Time Value 2.00 Intrinsic Value 5.00 Market Value 7.00 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 65

66 Intrinsic Value and Time Value Intrinsic Value Many consider intrinsic value to be the economic value of an option if it is exercised Only an in-the-money option will have intrinsic value Another term for intrinsic value that is often used is exercise value If there is no value in exercising an option then there is no intrinsic value for that option Time Value The market value of an option above the intrinsic value Several factors come into play to determine the time value of an option contract For an option with no intrinsic value the market value of the option is attributed 100% to time value CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 66

67 Option Strategies Outline Covered Call Protective Put The Collar Cash Secured Put Vertical Spreads Iron Butterfly Iron Condor ITM, ATM, OTM and Option Deltas Intrinsic and Time Value Earnings and Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 67

68 Implied Volatility Six Option Pricing Factors Price of Stock Option Strike Price Time Until Expiration Interest Rates Dividends Implied Volatility CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 68

69 Implied Volatility Two Types of Volatility Historical Volatility based on past stock price changes Implied Volatility expected volatility based option market pricing CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 69

70 Earnings and Implied Volatility Implied Volatility: Volatility that is in the market price of an option Implied volatility is the market s forecast of the future volatility of the stock s price CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 70

71 Why Does Volatility Change? Corporate Earnings News World Events Supply and Demand CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 71

72 Earnings and Implied Volatility Stock IV 25 Strike Call (25 Strike Calls closed $1.00) Earnings Released $21 50% $1.00 $24 48% $2.10 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 72

73 Earnings and Implied Volatility Stock IV 25 Strike Call (25 Strike Calls closed $1.00) Earnings Released $21 50% $1.00 $24 35% $1.10 CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 73

74 Summary When considering an option trade begin with a price forecast for the underlying market Long Call and Long Put trades are basic directional trades A covered call is the most basic spread trade that involves owning a stock and selling a call option against the stock position A put may be purchased against a long stock position to protect against a downside move The collar combines a covered call and protective put with the result being a position that has limited upside and downside A seller of a put option takes on the obligation to buy shares of the underlying stock ITM, ATM, OTM relationship to Delta Option Pricing: Intrinsic Value and Time Value Three Main Pricing Components: Underlying Stock Price, Time Until Expiration and Implied Volatility Different time periods, and changing volatility should be considered before a trading decision is made. CBOE OPTIONS INSTITUTE 74