N a.. n o s.. c a l e.. S.. y.. s t e.. m.. s.. M.. M.. T.. A bullet.. I SSN : hyphen 3290 \ centerline

Transcription

1 N S M M SSN : S N D O : S 8 N M N SSN : S M M SSN : V 4 S D O : / 8 N M M V M S 4 D O : / M 8 N M M V W - 4 F X - * C D J 3 S S M - W F X À V C D J 3 S - H 8 D 93 B - C F - U - B H 8 D 93B í F C B - - D M C W F S ˆ V D M C ˆ C D S z 3 S ˆ S - z U 85 P z B U 85 P B z C M R C M R WW 3 3 C C C C B 8 z z C C S S ˆ ˆ P C C - ˆ P C C ˆ ˆ H 8 ˆ D 93 R O B ˆ R O K C ˆ F ˆ U ˆ K P P N N P - P S B R 5D R 5 6 D 6 D N N PCS ˆ PCS : 44 : MSC D M C S MSC : 74: V V - z z ˆ ˆ ˆ z B k x x N N z z x---- U k-- P ˆ B z - ˆ x k C M R / k B z W 3 B z C 4 7 B 8 z z z x z z x z- --k-----x k P C k- C ˆ k 34 z k k H R O - k K H P - N ˆ R 5 D ˆ - ˆ ˆ N x PCS : x k G k - G MSC K- : K x τ - κ -x 7 8 k - τ x k - k V z - M κ x k Z - : x B k k x N : k k - - Z z k - * N MM : Vx z : x - : -j S : - - N MM V 4 B

2 M k k z τ /3 G K G z K k O x - τ x M τ τ τ τ τ τ x k - τ x - τ x - O - κ z τ τ κ M τn τ/5 τ N x τ z z F x τ τ τ τ τ k κ κ G K x z x z F κ x z x τ z z M x C V τ κ 3 k z B z z / - H x k x z k k x x k k z k k xk k

3 M k M - -k z- 3 k G k K - x ˆ 34 ˆ / 3 G G ˆ K ˆ z- K k- O - k z x K x M : κ x 5 z k x M ˆ ˆ x ˆ ˆ x O x k K K K / k x z x z z k O k k M z N 5 N x κ 6 ˆ k M N MM V z-z ˆ - - N / 5 - N k F x zz - ˆ k k F k G - - x - K x ˆ ˆ ˆ k z x k G K x z F - : k x z z x x z z M C ˆ V z k : 3 - k k- k k z B z z- x z z H x k x - z ---- ˆ -z--- M --k-- x - - C ˆ -k V ˆ -x--x k z k- - - k k x- -k-- - -k - - k

4 À F X z V C D J S N - S k 7 η η x x xx W N - - k x x x - K k F H x / k z R k F x - z z! N - S k - - : ξ F - 8 ξ ξ S - 8 k ξ M k C k z B z

5 F X z V C D J S -x F X z V N C S k D J S - xx W x ˆ M x x k k : 7 k - / k - 5 /9 -x N ˆ MM V x x--x-- x x ˆ W ˆ N x x k x x x K k F H N x k x x x F k H x k z ˆ ˆ R - - k- -F x z R k z k F x k! N S k 34 ] : 3 x x 5 ] x x! 3 x F 8 x x S 34 8 ] k M k- -C k ˆ

6 M D - - zxzzx J - k C ξ 9 C ξ α ξ x k M C αx z zzx k R - x - x : K x K x x k k : x k K O K x K x k x x k L x R kk k x k x kk k - x U x x k k - k M - k x C α z k B z z z k k k k R 7 z k - M x F - x x x x Mx - C xx k τ C ξ α ξ z τ x - S k M τ τ τ τ k τ τ τ k 9

7 M D M D k -- -z----x- z-z-x τ - - J k k zx S zzx C x 9 D k F ˆ k C x 9 C x x M C -- --x---z- τ D D -z-z-x-- D -k C - - x R N MM V x ˆ x x : x K k M C -x - x z K zzx k x x R k k : ˆ x x x k K x x ˆ : K k O K K O x K K x x k K x k x x- - --k -L - -x - - R k k x k k x L x R k k k ˆ k x --x --k k k k x k k k x k k x U - -x - ˆ U x- - k- x k k k M k - x x-- -- k k C k M ˆ x - -z - - k B C k -- z-z-z -k-- k-k ˆ z k - -k B R k zzz k k k ˆ k 7 z k- 7 k z M k x F M x - x x x Mx ˆ C

8 F X z V C D J S D / D D / D k k D / D R / ˆ 34 D R : F D k D k W D / D D O F k x F D W x x k x x : k ˆ k ˆ x j Z Z z k Z ˆ k k S k k k S ˆ Z k Z O x j S G P x H N MM V 4 6 F X z V C D J S D D C D C D D C k k k C D D R C D R : F D C D k D k W C D D C D F O- - - F k F D C D W x- - k-x x z R k k x : k k - : P x j Sk Z Z - -x z- ---k--- k : Z k k S k k k S k Z - - -k k Z O x j x S G P x B z k H k F X À z V C D J S D / D / D k k k / D τ R / R τ : F D k D / D O F k x F D W x x k x x z R k - x : k k : P x j Sk Z Z x z k Z σ κ κ S k σ κ κ S Z k Z O x j x S G P x B z H k z k N MM V 4 6

9 M x : x F z x x k k x τ κ 4 τ κ Πσ Πσ 4 τ σ 4 τ ; τ ; τ ; x 5 x z x Π P z z S P 956 ku k k C k S N S L D L D R xk S z k k S S xz k - κ φ k k κ φ κ 5 φ D z z - z F L Q

10 M M x- : - -x x ˆ x ˆ κ : 3 Q L 6 - ˆ ˆ - Sk 3 ˆ ˆ L F z ˆ x- -- ˆ 3 -x - k- k x ˆ : 4 ˆ - N MM V 4 7 k F ˆ - z k x C P ˆ ˆ x k k C P 4 - ˆ ˆ ˆ k ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ x k 5 -x-z --x ˆ C P ˆ P P ˆ ˆ ˆ z P - 4 z ˆ S ˆ ˆ 4 P k-u k - ; - - -k - ; x x - - z k C - x k P S ˆ N S L D L D z -R-- S x k S P k k U ˆ k k k - k k S C k S x--- N --z--k S L - -- R x -- - k ˆ k S z k k k k- S -k : 5 k x zk ˆ D z k -

11 À F X z V C D J S z z S K z x x z F S S z C α S B z S - x S - W x S z M k G O - k z x k S z - - F z - x - L k z F x k k k - κ L 7

12 F X z V C D J S F X z V C D J S x / z / z z z κ C S S K L 8 z N MM V 4 8 z x z x z S F - -S - - S - - z S z - - C C - -S - - S B B - -z z ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ S S x -S - - ˆ W x x S W x - -S z S M z M --k k ˆ G O k G z O k x k x S z k F x F ˆ z k z F x L x

13 M F M M -x - -k k F F k k L x k /; /] x-z - /; /] L k / ; / ] x --C -x-z -- --k -- - R k k - - Rk - - κ K κ K k K K C / k K ] ; 9 / K / ] K W K k C K k κ K κ 9 K 6 C K xz K K W K K x C x z k x ˆ k k W x k K k K k x x C k z K k K K K K x- C K ] x----k 9 K / K W K ˆ x x k k - - -x -- -x- - - k K k K ˆ -z x R K x x z k -- K -- ˆ x R x-- --z K x ˆ -- W O x ˆ O k x x x ˆ z κ x K κ K 9 π γ 5 5 π γ ] κ K 8 π γ 3 π 3 γ ] C k γ K / Uk - K x γ k 5 K 5 κ K κ K 63γ 6 C K k 7γ] k K N k 3 κ k 3 z k C γ U γ x x k N MM x V K 4 z 9 k K k 63 6 C K 7 k N k -- -z O N MM V 4 9 x k K k K ˆ 9 ˆ 5 ˆ ] k K 8 ˆ 3 ˆ ] C / U k K k K ˆ 63 6 C K 7 ] N k ˆ z

14 F X z V C D J S F X z V C K D J S F X À z V C D J S K K - - N P N P S P G N S O O S P G N k N P S O O L W O k O j x k L k F W F 3 N L z j x j x k -F - - z kx F - W L W F 3 N L z - z x M F k 3 N K k L z x - x K / W L W - z x k k x z x M k W K L k W z x K x; κ x z x M Φ 3 L k Φ / x K - - / k- k x k : 3 x ˆ k C P k x C x x κ C D L Φ Φ ] 4 L C P z - x - - ; - k - - ˆ : 4 P ˆ x x ˆ ˆ k D C L C P 3 k - x κ K κ K K C Φ P CS φ] 5 C D L S - -z Φ - P k k / x ˆ : 5 k K k k K ˆ C P CS k Φ S SΦ C P Φ - - k- x x k k ] 6 C F : x 6 ˆ S ˆ P C ˆ P ] k L C K Pκ 884W K C Φ P / F N MM V F z K k 884 W K C P F k K k K K P N ˆ MM V CS ] 4 5 S P k x S P 6976 P ˆ 95 P ˆ ] 6 F K k 884 W ˆ K ˆ 557 P /

15 M F 4 M P-- - M -- 5 F 4 F 4 5 K K P P 5 3 K 5 K S 5 5 K K K 3 K 5 K C P K S K / 5 K Φ C P K ˆ 3 K 5 K S k Φ κ F R L F k K / P R - R L - - k K K F - - F - - F 5 F 5 C C R - R L L P z z k x K x K F x x N MM L V k 4 N MM V ˆ 4 K F F 5 C R K x N MM V 4

16 À F X z V C D J S W - R L M κ z 7 z z x F x x z B R z k κ J / ] J R/ L 8 z / L x J z z - B k - κ C J ] R/ J R/ J / L 9 J z - B B J z/z J z S R W R z κ K κ K J/K J /K ] J /K J /K C ] 3 K K / R K x x k κ K κ 8K 4 C K 3 K K z 3 R k F W F - D z k z k R C α x x x x x x C α D α C D 3 C α D / D k

17 F X z V C D J S W F X z V C D J S x α / D O W D R L M C x NL MM M V : 7 ˆ k z z z - -x k --F - -- z - ˆ x ˆ 7 x z B R z z k z : x 8 k J F J x R k C D L z C D L x z z x -B - - z k B R z : 9 k C k J R J R k k J J C J D L R / ] D L J z B J z z J z S z R D / L J z z - B - - W R z- - k k C J R k / J ˆ K k R / ˆ ] K k J J / K D J L K 9 k k J K J C k 3 K J z K R K J z x / z J z x S - R -- --k k k K W k 8 K 3 K K - z- - - ˆ 3 R ˆ k - F W- -- z C D D - z- - k K k k k K - -z k-- / K J / K - ] - ˆ - - R J C / K - - J / K - C ] - : 3 x-x-x--x-x-x- C D K D K C / R C D x D C x C D D C D D C D k x k C D D O D

18 M H C α / D R C α z k B x R K R κ κ 8K 4CK 4αK 33 κ K ; D κ 8K 4C K κ K D C α K 34 C α R k S x K κ 884W K S 557 C 46 α 8 C α z k R k x k R k z α x C x G - K C K R K α C - x k R 4 C G - K K! R ] κ W K ] κ W K ] κ W K! - 3 D 6 k k R k k K 3 K k 3 D 6 C x x

19 M H M C- C D D - H R- - k C C D / D! C D R C ˆ R ˆ ] κ W K ] κ W K ] - -z - -k- D k B-x -- z ˆ - k - -! R K R k B x : 33 k k 8 K K K 4 K R zk R k V V k K xc D D k 8 K 4 C K k K C D k C k - 8 K ˆ K 4 C K 4 33 K x C R - - -k - - G - K S x KN MM V 4 3 k k 884 W K ; K D D S k 557 K --- ˆ C ˆ K k K C C ˆ 46 ˆ K 34 8 C -z - -k R - - C k k k-- -x k S - R k x k W ˆ - K ˆ S C D z x C ˆ x 8 G K C ˆ z k R C k - x ˆ K R k R k K C x k R k - 4 C ˆ G K K D x C! x G K R k k k K k k k W K k k K k! K R K D 3 D 6 C k - - k R-- x -- ˆ - -k k- K k 3 R 4 K k C ˆ D 3 D 6 C k x - -- x - G K - - R K k -! 34 ] R k k k k W k k k W K k

20 À F X z V C D J S k F F R k ±/ κ K K ] L 35 O W k κ κ α K C K ] 36 - G - K 4 F - k x z z k R - x k : ω ω; δ 37 ; ω; R 4 ω 37 ω x k k - P x zk k k F K z R k ; ω; κ ω R 4 ωτr ]δ L ω 38 k - k - ω; ω 39

21 F X z V C D J S - - F X - - z V C D J S z z - --k τ C R - α - - k ˆ R -F N MM k V 4 4 k F x F : 35 k k - - -K / K- k C D O k - ˆ - - ˆ ˆ K -W ˆ K - - L - -k k k k K C K O k 36 G W K F k k K K ] 36 k x z - -z - -k R -- k ˆ 4 F x z ˆ k ˆ k : : 37 C D - x k : D ; ˆ x k k -P-x- z k-- ; ; k -- -k- R ˆ -- ˆ 4 - ˆ - ˆ F K - z- - R - - -k ˆ ˆ : 38 ˆ k k R 4 R k ˆ - L - - x k k k k Px z k k k ˆ : 39 F - -- z-z

22 M F 6 M B k M Z F 6 FB6 k B - k z z x k - Z Z z - z x k x-x P z - - F z F P F x- x- -k z x x k z R k x x R P k C ˆ - / D k τ k R R / 8 43 F 3 F F R 97 R R x x k R τ 5 F F-- k k R k --k k z - - -z D D κ z k R / ˆ 34 κ ω; k K R - Q L z- πr - k δ K ω τ κ ω τ ωτ 6K 4ω ] k K R Q K 43 R L ˆ F K R 97 k R k C 6 K τ K κ ω τ α 4 ω τ ω R τ κ ω ττ K ω τ ] R 4 τ K K k : 4 5 ˆ C4 K k F - ωτ - k k K z R R K ωτ k z κ K τ C τ - - k τ τ K α - ; K τ K ] α κ τ K 4 R τ Q K ˆ ˆ ˆ k : ˆ 6 K 4 ˆ 4 x k 4 K ˆ 4 K R ] C R 97 F F R K K - k ωτ W k K z 3 D ˆ - - -x - C - - K k K 5 K F ˆ - - ˆ ˆ K 5 K F R 97 ˆ ˆ - F- -- F- k D x - K ˆ - ˆ ˆ π 4 /5 / B K 3 G S W /M S S 33 ] z 3 K C 4 D 6 3 B 645 K D G 83 J K M 3 K - S 8 -F - 3 K - K M x τ 5 K - F τ - 4 N MM V B 3 G S M S S 33 3 K 3 B 645 K D G 8 3 J K M S 8 3 K k M K x - - ˆ K ˆ ] N MM V k K ˆ ˆ R 97 F F W D 3 D 6

23 F X z V C D J S F -- F --- X F z - V - - C D - - J - -F S - - F X À z V C D J S F F F F F - F k ω F k - - F α k B B - F F z F - F- -z - - B z z - - M F F k z F F 7 B - k ωτ z k F 7 B ˆ 3 K 5 K M K - k k 3 K 5 K K 686 K 689 R 97 3 K D F 67 B z K 68 6 K 68 9 R 97 κ 3 D 6 z 5 S z - - k 3 K 5 S z 5 K z K K S 97 D Z 3 k D z- z Z k S Z - k - k- - - Z k k Z 5 S z k - x x z 3 Z Z k- - - k k- z Z x- --x-z S - - k 3 Z k Z z 3 k S Z 3 Z k F x z Z k S κ k xz xz F ˆ F x ˆ x σ Z 3 z Z 3 N MM V 4 6 Z - z F F z- x k k N MM V 4 6 Z F x ˆ z ˆ N MM V 4 6

24 M F 8 M B M -- - k F 8 FB 8 B - K 5 K ωτ k K K 5 7 K 9 k R 97 C K 5 K K D 6 z k K 5 K 57 K 9 R x- - -k - D 6 K 5 z z 7 k K 9 97 D 3 κ D 6 W z x k z R k k W k x R x R < ˆ k : 43 k k x k W k R < k C P k C P k k κ ˆ ˆ 43 κ k ˆ - z Πσ Πσ ] 43 : σ z k C D L R 4 ˆ ˆ : ˆ 44 k P P ] C D 43 k k C ˆ P C D ˆ L C P 44 R 43 4 z C D κ C D L R 44 ˆ 4 k 44 D L R ˆ ˆ σˆ L - ˆ - R 44 4 D ˆ k R P D L P R ] ˆ 4 R ˆ R R 44 N N MM V 4 7 MM V 4 7 ˆ D ˆ D L ˆ 4 ˆ 44 ˆ R R R N MM V 4 7

25 F X z V C D J S F 9 F B X z V C D J S F X À z V C D J S - k F 9 F B 9 B - 3 K 5 K ωτ k R 97 3 K 5 K z k R 97 -N z- k-- k 3 K 5 K 97 z κ : 45 Nz k z : k N z k : x : : ˆ 46 x ˆ : ˆ x-x-x 45 ˆ ˆ x-x-x R ˆ C C x-x-x R 46 x-x-x R : C C x-x-x 46 R x-x-x R C R 46 C - - ˆ C - C R ˆ C C k ˆ C z M ˆ - - R ˆ 46 C M zk R ˆ R k 46 : ˆ ˆ C - ˆ -z k-r- ˆ - σ - 4C -k R ˆ - ˆ Z 47 - : κ ˆ 4C ˆ C ˆ k ˆ R κ 4C : 47 ˆ Z R ˆ ˆ ˆ 4 R ˆ ˆ k 4 C N MM V 4 8 ˆ R ˆ k ˆ 4 C M R N MM V 4 8 z k R k ˆ : Z ˆ 4 C ˆ 3 k 4 C ˆ 34 ˆ k ˆ ˆ 4 47 N MM V 4 8

26 M F M B - - M -- k F F B B - K 5 K ωτ k R 97 k K 5 K z k R 97 z κ K F R ˆ F97 R : 48 z Z k k R C R C σ Z 48 F R C κ κ Z C C C Z C C C Z ˆ C C - k C k C x x 48 / - - x -x H H Z Z Z C C /C C C C F Z C C B K C F Z /C B 3 3 K C k R x k / k-- B R x - B 3 4 V B K k k 4 V ] C B / 3 C 3 K - - k F Z κ W K ]κ W k K B ] ] k W ] 3 3 KJ 3 K C / k C k k W K k k k! k k J 3 K k k C O k R k V C k k! B F V 3 3 K kc C Z ] z R C Z 34 < R ] < z R x R x N MM V 4 9 k K N ˆ MM ] V k W K 4 ] 9 ] ] J 3 K ] O ˆ ] V ˆ C ˆ ] 3 x x 5 ] x! 3 x 34 ] ˆ ˆ F C C Z z R

27 F X z V C D J S F F B X Z z V - C 8 D J S F X À z V C D J S 3 3 K C C R F F B B Z Z 8 B K B C /C 3 R < 3 K k x / C R < k x x x - x k - k x x x x x ˆ L -- -z- --x k x L z x k k 49 z κ x k k 49 C C P 49 ˆ ˆ k ˆ κ 49 Πσ Πσ ] 49 σ : : ˆ 5 k k P C P k P C P 49 : C P C P κ Πσ κ Πσ 5 5 k k R 8 Πσ : Πσ 5 5 R : κ κ 8 5 O σ Z : 5 Z σ : 5 R σ σ 5 k k 8 N MM V 4 3 k O P - - Z : k P 5 P P 5 k k Z σ R R ˆ 8 ˆ 5 5 κ 5 κ 8 5 N MM V 4 3 O Z ˆ R ˆ 5 k ˆ 34 8 ˆ N MM V 4 3

28 M x Z F / R z κ Z k σ /κ - - R B 3 x z x x κ C R 5 κ κ R 8 4C R 53 Z z k Z σ C κ κ R R F K / R Z Z σ /κ F Z K C B 3 3 K F C k - C Z x C F L K R 6 P - z x S z k z S k z k R k η D - D η x R R /ν ν k S k D η 6πη 55 D η R H W

29 M x M Z- F - x k - -R x z Z - -z k k / ˆ R C k z ˆ k Z - R k Γ / k D η / 6πη k /Γ x : D η k R B 3 - -z - x k x : k 5 z x x-x-x D η 6πη /Γ Γ Γ N MM V x-x-x 4 3 R x k x ˆ : 53 ˆ k k R 8 ˆ 4 C R z x Z - -z - -k k : 54 Z k k ˆ R C R C R R ˆ R F 5 K R Z Z k - -- x k F Z K C k k B 3 R 3 ˆ K F- 8 - ˆ C - ˆ 34 - ˆ R 53 C k k C Z x - - C - -L Z K z k R Z 6 P z ˆ k k x S R ˆ z k-z k - - K / R z - -- Z - -k Z / k R k- Z K C D D x B 3 F R ˆ k S k C k : ˆ C 55 D 6 Z x D R F L K H W R x k 6 P z z x S k ˆ - S C - k - k : 56 C G 57 4

30 F X z V C D J S F F B X Z z B V C 3 D J 3 K S F X À z V C D J S : - C F F B B Z Z B 3 3 K B K 3 : - 4 C - K : C R D C C k 4C < R < D C k x Z R Z R 4 C C < R < D C k - Γ C x Z : 57 Γ 76 C 3 G SCD SCD C Γ G B CCD 3 57 B CCD C G SCD S- --C D C C D C- C- RD D Γ G B k x RD SCD 57 C G B k x L - - k L C G 3 Γ 3 RD RD G -- -R -k k S B C R - x k - k - S - z x k F- - ˆ S ˆ k C D - F ˆ S C C D S - RD G B k x - W G W 3 RD : ] 6π 6 59 C G Γ G k Γ κ C Γ G C G --- -x Γ --- x R k S z x φ - - N ˆ MM k N MM V 4 3 V 4 3 F S W 6 ˆ G G k 59 G G x ˆ N MM V 3

31 M F 3 M Sk S - - M F 3 F 3 Sk Sk S S RD x x RD x x SC D B CC D F k - SC D B CC D RD F k x ˆ B CC D F k z z κ F ˆ z k - F - : 6 V k V k V F κ φ k 6 N- - - V - k - N N S V k V N S - - V : 6 k 6 N C G C G V V k k k N x-s πN V - - x N S Γ N Γ N φ ] V 6 κ V V V V x S x N φ N V / φ V - -k- k V 4/3π 3 : 6 k Q k 6 N ˆ k G 9 G K C V G C ] G k V 6 Q x κ Q κ x S x φ 9 φ 6 K Γ Γ K x- - x - K-- ˆ L k N Q x N V / V x : K /x K V L k 4 / 3 K ˆ K 3 : z k φ K K F K -x-- --k-- z F - K xk k k x Q - - k k 9 K ˆ G G ˆ x 6 x 3 φ φ x - - x - S - - S - Q x κ κ k φ k 3 x K / x 3 K L k x x : -x -x K K N MM V F K x k ˆ - k N MM V 4 33 x ˆ ˆ 3 x S k k ˆ ˆ 3 x x ˆ

32 F X À z V C D J S 5x κ S φ 3 φ 3 K S φ%] ] κ W K ] x κ W K ]! 6 S x D SCD BCCD RD φ z 3 K 4 κ 48W K ] κ W K ] x SCD κ W x K BCCD ] κ W K! F κ κ φ 3 φ 6 K SCD BCCD RD F k φ φ 3 kz 4 ] H L x x x z F K S κ B x F B C C D S Γ - xxk x k C - W z k F

33 F X z V C D J S 5 F x X z V C D J S 5 x x ˆ k k k S ˆ k k ˆ S ˆ ˆ ˆ C ˆ 3 ˆ α k ˆ ˆ R 3 K Γ W L L x x : S k k k k k 34 W K k R x k 34 k ] W C K k L L S Γ! 3C % ] ] W ˆ K ˆ ] x 63 3α π L L k 6 ˆ C W ˆ α ˆ K ˆ S ] x- D SCD BCCD RD xzk 34 S k z 34 3 K ] x - S N MM 4 V k 48 4 W 34 K L L S k k k k k W K k R -x 3 x x SCD k 5 ] x! k W -x 3 x K BCCD k C k k W K k C RD L L 34! 34 ] L L - F - - k k 6 S x D 3 6 SCD K BCCD RD SCD BCCD RD z F k - 48 W ˆ -k z-- 4 k H L 34 x- - -x ] -x z - - S % - -- ] F ] K W ˆ K ˆ S ] & x & SCD k W x ˆ ˆ k K ˆ ] & k W ˆ K ˆ ] & x RD B--x F S ] C G --- -x--x --k x k C 3 x k x 5 ] x! 3 x W - --z -- -k F x k k 34 ] C - k R k F C G W k k k - x- - 3 x : 6 C : 63 C G 3 C 3 F C

34 M F 4 M B - - k- k K 3 K M 4 8 W K 4 9 F 4 F 4 B B k κ k K 3 K - -x- κ 48W K K K k x 4 8 W ˆ 4 ˆ 9 φ φ 8 M M SCD BCCD φ SCD BCCD R- -D R D - F k F - 5 D F k F 5 D - 8 F 5 P M F 5 SCD P BCCD k k D W k k D W R k D k O ˆ Γ C G H 5 S D x H k x S x k 7 O -x F F 5 P 7 O F D k x D W k k - - H x G S x z x k N MM V H O F z C k N MM V 4 35 x H D k N MM V 4 35

35 F X À z V C D J S D - λ x k α λ D x C α k k D F κ C α x C α - κ O S x - k - k x - x - C α kf k O k - - x S z x τ x τ k x k z x x zk k x x k x z S k k J x 5] G - K k z k τ - τ τ k k M F O z - x x z xk F O k

36 F X z V C D J S F X D z V C D J S x C D F z D - x k zk D D x C H x ˆ z x D x C ˆ x k - k - k ˆ - D F k C k k D F - k C C ˆ ˆ x C ˆ ˆ S k k O S N MM O V 4 36 S k k x k x x- - x C C k F k-- --F k O - -O k - - k ˆ - x x S- - S z z x x x k x z k x x x k z z k k ˆ -x- --z k-- x - - k x - k x- z x - -k x - S z k S ˆ k J x 5 ] k G - - K k - k J x- k 5 ˆ z G k K k -- --z k

37 M z k x τ L θ L κ MH θ 64 τ k x k τ κ ρ γ γ G ü Θ x M ] L L λρ/γ θ M H ρ/ θ γ θ x k M - x κ MH x x W x MH x z k x L x x x x L x z j zzk x R x z M zk x x k x k x H R x x x x H x z x x z x R z τ µ µ κ β 65 β µ µ x W x x z S zk

38 M - - M z-- -- k- x k x - L - L k z R k 64 x x x k x L k k M ˆ H G C -x - k x k L k k k k x k ˆ M H x - z k x G D J F X À z k Dó G ó - M ] -- S M-- - -k- S - M- F - S C C Pj N CS D Dó G k R G -x - - C SGR k L / N MM V M H 4 37 x x- ˆ M - H / W x x M k H x- - M z - k --x L x - x x k x x - -L x z W z-z- -- -k- R k x z M ˆ H x z k - -z k- - x k L x x k x x x k x ˆ ˆ L -x - k x x H R -- k x x x j zz k x H x x z x x z - -z z x- - - k R- - k z - - x k x k 65 -x W x-- x --- k x

39 F X z V C D J S S k U B D G S M S C U B M GNFM P G V C k G GNFM k U B M P z z R ] C C k R G P ] F X z D J S P J P ] F X z D J S ˆ : P L ] F X z D J S J H ] V M M Z G P ˆ S ] M Y K L S S W K P L ] C L B R W B D R P ] J R B D F F B S H L J H M ] B K W J P ] L B C S ] G B L B R S P : M S P ] G B C P ˆ R L ] B k Y B J K J K F X z V C D J S S k U B j M D G S M S 337 C U B G F M GNFM P G V C k G Nz F GNFM k U B M P z z R k k C C k R G P k k F X z D J - S P -J P k 3 k F X z D J S - z - : - P L k 4 k F X z D J S - - J H 33 4 k 5 k V M M Z - G P S S k 6 k M Y K L S- -S W K G P P L k 7 k C L B R W B - -D R D L k M R P C P k 8 k J R B D F F B S L - - J -H M k 9 k B K W J P k k L B C - -S k k G B L B - R S - - P : M S P -x k k G B C - -P R L k 3 k B k Y B J J K Y W G J R S N k 4 k H C B k x S R k 5 k H B - - Ox U O x k 6 k B J B SM k 7 k L C S P- L k 8 k B Y C Z G F -J P k 9 k C C S z -- - S F U M F X À z V C D J S S k U B j M Dó G ó S M S F S C - U B G Nz F M - GNFM P G V C k G Nz F M - GNFM k U B M P z z R k R G P 5 ] F X À z D J S P - J P ] F X À z D J S P - z : P L ] F X À z D J S P J H ] V M M Z G P S S ] M Y K L S S W K G P - P L R W B D R D L k M R P C P ] J R B D F F B S H L J H M ] B K W J P ] L B C S ] G B L B R S P : M S P x C P R L 3 ] B k Y B J - K J - K Y W G - J R S N ] H C B k x S R ] H B Ox U P O x 6 ] B J B - SM ] L C S P L ] B - Y C Z - G - F J P ] C C S z S M F U M ] C C x C R ] C C H Bz C U B k R R S B k 9 ] C C S R F - M - M S B k ä V B 6 N MM V 4 38

40 M 3 ] G C N C P M P P Ox U P O x 4 ] J D C M K J H M ] V C D J N ] V C K F N P B ] V C K F G P B ] V C S D J N P R B ] V C S D J N P R B ] V C S D J N : P R B ] J C O R P L ] C O P R S L ] V D K M M R L ] 34 ] Y D B Y C Z Y G G J P ] S V N N S B 36 ] M S z G k H H S H 3 K C M ] J F L P S J P ] J F L P P L ] J F C B K Y H J P C C 4 ] D K F S M G k N C U P C 9 4 ] Y C F B S 4 ] M G G C P ˆ R ] G G L V D J F k R F J P D P M k 3 k G C N C P - M P P - Ox U - P O x k 4 k J D C M K - - J H M k 5 k V C D J- -N k 6 k V C K F N z P B k 7 k V C K F G x P- B k 8 k V C S - D J - - P R B k 9 k V C S - D J N - P R B k 3 k V C S - D J : P- R B k 3 k J C O R P- L k 3 k C O P- - - R S L k 33 k V D K - M M - -P -- - R L k 34 k Y D B Y C Z Y- - G - J P 6354 k 35 k S V N N - S- B - k 36 k M S z G k H H S H 3 K C M k 37 k J F L P S J- P 6435 k 38 k J F L P P L - 99 k 39 k J F C B K Y- H L P - J- --P - - C C 6 96 k 4 k D K F S M G k-- N - - C U P - C 9 k 4 k Y C F B - S V N Y k 9 k 4 k M G G C P R k 43 k G G L - -V D J k R F J P D P k 44 k G Gk C U P C 9 9 k 45 k G F S - G J M B F M 3 ] G C N C - P M P P Ox U P O x 4 ] J D C M K J H M ] V C D J N ] V C K F N z P B ] V C K F G z x P B ] V C S D J N P R B ] V C S D J N P R B ] V C S D J N : P R B ] J C O R P L ] C O P R S L ] V D ć K M M P R L ] Y D B - Y C Z Y G G J P ] S V N N S B 36 ] M S z - G k H H S H 3 K C M ] J F L P S J P ] J F L P P L ] J F C B K Y H S H L P J P C C ] D K F S M G k N C U P C 9 4 ] Y - C F B S - V N Y k 9 4 ] M G í - G í C P R ] G G L V D J F k R - F - J P D P ] G Gk C U P C ] G F S G J M B / F ] Z - Y G M M - M J G ] Z - Y G Q W H J SM ] Z - Y G B - C H Y Z Q G Z S P S ] R G K S z B z P R ] R G K P R N MM V 4 39

41 F X z V C D J S 5 ] N G H j C C 5 ] L D H k M S D R B ] L D H k M S D ] R J H D L K J C L M R J F M ] H R C R D D W L C G N ] P H k P M N L M P S P G F P N J N 57 ] Y H G D x J L SM ] M J H R H Y B W J H M ] K 6 ] G J H L Y L X W G Z D W R W G Z R F M N N L ] D J L R M C P ] D J J C V z z G L x P ] D J J C V z z G L x 64 ] D J M C S J C V z z H P ] D J G L M C S V P R ] D J S F X z H 5 67 ] D J V C S N J H M ] H K K G MG H N Y k 69 ] J Y K B J Y C M ] V K C ] G L D J J C V z z W Mk Wk J N ] G L D J J C V z z U 73 ] G L H M M G C D x P R S F X z V C D J S k 5 k N G H j C C P F k 5 k L D H k M S D P R B k 53 k L D H k M S D P R B k 54 k R J H D L K L M R J F M k 55 k H R C R D W L C G M N j Mj Y N k 56 k P H k P M N L P S P R G K C G F P N J N k 57 k Y H G D x J L SM k 58 k M J H R H Y B W J H M k 59 k K S S k 6 k G J H L Y L X G Z D W R W G D C C M Y M S D G C Z R F M N G B k N L k 6 k D J L R M : C P k 6 k D J J C Vz z G x P P k 63 k D J J C Vz z G x S B k 64 k D J M C S J Vz z H J P k 65 k D J G L M C V P R k 66 k D J S F X H P R S k 67 k D J V C S N : J H M k 68 k H K K G MG N Y k 938 k 69 k J Y K B J Y J C M k 7 k V K C P R S k 7 k G L D J J C Vz F X À z V C D J S ] N G H j C C - P F ] L D H k M S D - P R B ] L D H k M S D - P R B ] R J H D L K J C L M - R - J F M ] H R C R D D W L C G M N j Mj P Y N ] P H k P M N L M P S P R G K C N G F - P N J N ] Y H G D x - J L - SM ] M - J H R - H Y - B W - J H M ] K S - S ] G J H L Y L X W G Z D W R W G D C C M Y M S D G C Z R F - - M N - S G B k N L ] D J L R M : C P ] D J J C - Váz z G L x R P P ] D J J C - Váz z G L x S B 64 ] D J M C - S J C - Váz z H J P ] D J G L M C - S V P R ] D J S F X À z H - P R S ] D J V C S N : J H M ] H K K G MG - H N Y k ] J Y K B J Y J C M ] V K C P R S ] G L D J J C - Váz z W Mk Wk J N ] G L D J J C - Váz z U S B 8 73 ] G L H M M G C D x - P R S ] G L D J P C D B F - P L ] H L D V D Z W M S D Z F R G C S G J P ] J - H L J C G J R G G L S : M P L ] D L Y W P K L S P Y Mj P L ] R L L K P H C N N MM V 4 4

42 M J ] W L M P P L ] H L D ] R L z z R V J G P S M N F F P K D 8 ] F M k K G H J H M ] P M Z k j P U R S P R ] D M F C x M N ] R M k P R 86 ] N M V P L ] N M P L ] G M M : / / ˆ / M 5 P / / 4 D 89 ] Y M M R 5 J 9 ] D N k M M H Y Y H J P ] P C K M M B 3 S 3 J H ] B P Q H M Y L M B Y X D W M X C M S D G C Z R H N B B k S ] B Q L S X R L ˆ B : P 94 ] N R D G W k D Y L M J H M 95 ] H W R P C S ] S S S J M F ] S S ˆ P R S ] M J 99 k 79 k W L M P P L k 8 k H L D - x k 8 k R L z z R V J R P- - - S - M N - F F - P - K-- P k 8 k F M k K G H J H M k 83 k P M Z k j P U S - -P- R L k 84 k D M F C x M - N 3 5 k 85 k R M k - - P- R 9 3 k 86 k N M x - V P- L k 87 k N M - - V P L k 88 k G M M - : - M 5 P 4 D k 89 k Y M M R J SM k 9 k D N k M M H Y K - -J -- P k 9 k P C K M M - B- 3 S 3 J H M k 9 k B P Q H M Y- L - B Y X D W M - D V - M S D G C - Z R H P - N B - B k - -S k 93 k B Q L S X R L - - B- : P- - R B k 94 k N R D G W k D Y M - J H M - 9 k 95 k H W R P J - C S k 96 k S S S - - -J M F k 97 k S S - -P - - R S k 98 k S S - C J M F k 99 k C B S R- W J U - - B- P R 8 64 k S V- C - M J ] W L M P - - P L ] H L D x P ] R L z z Á R V J G R P S M N F F P K P D 8 ] F M á k K G á H J H M ] P M Z k j P U R - S P R L ] D M F C x M N ] R M k P R ] N M x - V P L ] N M - V P L ] G M M : // / M 5 P / / 4 D 89 ] Y M M R J - SM ] D N k M M H Y Y H K J P ] P C K M M B 3 S 3 J H M ] B P Q H M Y L M B Y X D W M D V X C M S D G C Z R H - P N B B k S ] B Q L S X R L B : P R B ] N R D G W k D Y L M J H M 9 95 ] H W R P J C S ] S S S J M F ] S S P R S ] S S C J M F ] C B S R W J U B P R S V C J - SM 34 4 S F X À z D J S - J P S F X À z D J J P S F X À z D J P - - J P S F X À z D J G J H M S V C D J P D S D J J B N N MM V 4 4

43 F X z V C D J S F P X R S 468 z V 7 C D J S F X À z V C D J S k 7 k S D J V C P R S P 468 R S ] S7 D J V C z 7 ] S D J - z V C M 435 M 435 M 8 ] S 435 V C D J k 8 k S V C D 8 ] S z V C - - D J J z H M ] G J J S H M S U J H M ] G J S P R L S 9 U ] D S G C k 9 k G J S S U ] D S G C P L ] P R L N Sj D H P S M L 84 J M 687 B 4 M H z k k D S G C ] N S j D H S : M J M W B - F z P L M H z P R B : ] B S H S W B k k N Sj D H S M F z ] B 3 ] H S S M H S B : x M B M H z k 3 ] H -S M M M S N Y k 5 4 ] J S : W F z P : P G M W M S k N Y k 5 B ] J S P G Z P B : C W M ] P J k k B S H S B M P W B Z L P F B Q: C M ] P S J 97 9 M P 6 ] W Z š ć M V B J ć L F S Mk Q Q k 3 k H S M S 97 9 P R L ] D Y z x k M 6 ] Z M - M M S V J N F Y k S N Mk Y k Q 8986 ] D Y z N J H M k 4 k J S P G W 7 ] D 9 ] D Y Y z k Z M - Y G N J S 8 49 ] D Y 33 z Z N P ] U B : C M J H B 9 S ] D k Y J z Z 956 k Y P G] F J Vk N O R M Q P K W L F ] U : Q P P S N Y k 5 ] Y W Y S 97 ] F Y k 9 Vk Y O R F Q K : N Y k k 5 J 6 S : S - S S ] M k Z M V J W Mk ] Y B - Y W C Q Z - Y G G Y k Y P R F L 57 J F 986 S H : SM S S 34 4 ] M W N Y35 Z Y G3 ] M k N W - F B 7 Y C k D Z Y Y G z G J P M 643 H M 5 ] L W 34 F N k Y k 997 P 4 ] L M k W N 3 Y 8 k 6 ] Z M D Z Z Y N G / z M N N F MG - H N Y J k 7 7 ] V M Z V R N - H M ] L k W k 9 k D Y P U z 4 Z Y 8 ] J M G Z k N 6 D ] Z O M K Z S S N / J M C G S G Z 49 J MG 33 B H D V N Y k 7 ] V S k M k Z k V R U N x U B 4 S P L ] J M Z J P 8 ] J k Ox M ZU P D k Ox O F K Vk S S O R C Q G K N MM : V P 4 4 P S x 87 N Y k ] J k M Z k Y P W Ox U Y P Ox Y k F J N S MM : S S S V k 3 k M W B Y C Z G F H M 34 k 4 k M W N Y Z Y N F J P k 5 k L W P L k 6 k Z M Z N M M H N Y k 7 k 7 k V M Z V R k P U k 8 k J M Z D O K S C G G Z J B D V S k x P L 87 5 k 9 k J M Z P Ox U Ox N MM V 4 4