#DeleteFacebook: Data Privacy Concerns Flood the Social Network

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#DeleteFacebook: Data Privacy Concerns Flood the Social Network April 18, 2018 by Kris Nelson of Russell Investments On March 16, news broke that British political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica

1 #DeleteFacebook: Data Privacy Concerns Flood the Social Network April 18, 2018 by Kris Nelson of Russell Investments On March 16, news broke that British political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had gained improper access to data from as many as 50 million Facebook users (an estimate that has since been upped to 87 million). 1 That firm and its top executives are now also under fire for alleged violations of U.S. election laws, and Facebook is facing heavy scrutiny of its data security, audit procedures and disclosures. Its stock price is down more than 17% since the issue came to light. 2 In our view, the stock s slide reflects three potential threats to Facebook s growth and its bottom line: 1. Potential for regulation and fines. Page 1, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

Congressional committees successfully called on CEO Mark Zuckerberg to testify (he appeared before both houses of Congress April 10-11), while several states attorneys general and the Federal Trade

2 Congressional committees successfully called on CEO Mark Zuckerberg to testify (he appeared before both houses of Congress April 10-11), while several states attorneys general and the Federal Trade Commission have since opened investigations, and representatives like Senators Amy Klobuchar (D- MN) and Mark Warner (D-VA) have drafted legislation that would force additional disclosures from Facebook. Some have estimated that Facebook could face fines in the United States and Europe topping $1 trillion based on regulations like the European Union s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 3 and previous U.S. rulings Loss of subscribers and/or subscriber data as #DeleteFacebook trends. These are threats to popularity and usage which, ultimately, impact the company s revenues. One rudimentary indicator of the surge in sentiment is Google Trends data showing a 300% uptick since March 15 in the search term how to delete facebook. Source: Google Trends data, as of March 30, Risk from diminished pricing power with advertisers. Some of the world s largest advertisers have led boycotts, pushed for concessions, and cut digital ad budgets. 5 Where we stand While Russell Investments is a Facebook shareholder through the underlying managers that make up our multi-manager portfolios, we currently maintain a significantly underweight position and our equity portfolios reflect this. Our position is less than half the 1.04% weighting in the MSCI World Index. 6 What our managers think Page 2, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Our active managers are carefully determining whether this is a temporary setback or a major reckoning, and we re actively observing and evaluating this process. Controversial situations like this are a primary means to confirming and appraising the skill of active managers that we rank and hire. As the scene at Facebook unfolded, we solicited commentary from top holders, and we weren t surprised to find that managers opinions on the return potential of Facebook going forward is divergent. The difference in views tends to break down along expected lines, primarily short- vs. long-term investment horizons and valuation sensitivity. For instance: One set of managers acknowledged the risks but remains positive on long-term fundamentals. These managers believe that government regulations tend to favor incumbents, monetary damages are likely to be small and symbolic, Facebook s business is defensible and growth is sustainable, and that the forward price/earnings (P/E) multiple of 16x is attractive for a noncyclical business. Another set of managers, also enticed by the growth and dominance of the business, had been more cautious and inclined to trim as Facebook s stock hit all-time highs in January. They are currently working to determine whether the stock s setback and current valuation represent a buying opportunity. Others, including some with a shorter investment horizon, are avoiding the stock until the regulatory and legal clouds are cleared away. It s not our role to tell these managers whether they are right or wrong. Rather, we determine whether each active manager s due diligence and ultimate decision reflects what we know and expect from their process and philosophy. An eye toward ESG Some of our active managers will apply a responsible investing lens to these issues, and it s an approach that can serve them well. Our research has confirmed that environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors can impact security prices, and the events affecting Facebook are a case in point. Why? We believe the digital security issues plaguing the company amount to a social and governance issue, and some investors are viewing it as a red mark on Facebook s ESG scorecard. To wit, ESG- and socially responsible investment (SRI)-aware funds are stepping back and/or raising their voices in light of the Cambridge Analytica revelations. For example, Nordea Bank has forbidden portfolio managers of its sustainable funds from buying Facebook shares for at least three months. 7 And, if it doesn t get out in front of shareholder concerns, we can expect Facebook to face proxy proposals later this year requesting the establishment of a risk oversight committee and increased reporting around content policies and content management. 8 Third-party evaluators are also providing their input. Following this incident, Sustainalytics downgraded Facebook s controversy rating, citing serious questions regarding Facebook s management of its users data and whether it can balance its considerable privacy commitments and expectations with its commercial approach. 9 Page 3, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 But this incident, and Sustainalytics activity around it, also serves to reinforce an observation made by many fundamental and quantitative managers alike: ESG scores may offer very little value in terms of investment timing and stock price predictability. Indeed, Facebook s vulnerability to data privacy risks has been discussed in the media for years 10, and yet the stock was up 223% from January 1, 2014 into the beginning of this year. 11 In our view, recent downgrades by ESG providers have tended to be a reaction that followed the privacy breach. Ultimately, Russell Investments believes that a deep understanding of how ESG factors impact security prices is a critical value-add to a skillful investment process. And, we feel that these circumstances serve to validate our approach to evaluating and scoring managers on their approach to ESG. Why? For starters, we survey every high-interest manager in our universe. In 2017, this included over 250 managers around the world and several hundred products across all asset classes. We follow this up with a qualitative assessment that leverages situations like this i.e., Why did/didn t you own Facebook, and what risks were identified in pursuit of that decision? to draw nuanced distinctions between investment manager approaches. In general, we have observed that many managers are increasingly declaring themselves ESG-friendly by subscribing to third-party data and touting their status as United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI) signatories, but, in our view, these often appear to serve only as window dressing for greenwashing purposes. Because of this, our manager research process emphasizes qualitative and holistic assessments, which allows us to determine whether managers are both ESG-aware and ESG-effective. There s a difference. Outlook and watch points Facebook isn t the first company caught in this kind of controversy, and large data breaches are, unfortunately, nothing new. Equifax, Target and Yahoo suffered similar lapses of security, followed by destruction of market value and consumer trust. In fact, by at least one comparison, Facebook s 17% drop is a modest reaction: Equifax s stock fell 35% during a two-week stretch following news of its privacy breach in September The market seems to be signaling at least for now that Facebook s prospects are only temporarily dented by this controversy. That said, we expect our managers to keep a close eye on the situation and continually validate their investments as the situation and the market changes. These data and privacy-oriented regulatory, social and business issues apply to any data-driven business model, not just the giants like Apple, Twitter and Google. In the case of Facebook, changes in subscriber counts won t tell the full story. Some users will maintain their accounts, but enable restrictions that limit the collection and sharing of their data. This likely means that investment teams that monitor and consider specific indicators of digital ad spending and consumer sentiment (something more sophisticated than the Google Trends chart above) will have an advantage. Ultimately, we re not expecting an easy resolution to the scandal. After all, consumers and the companies collecting their digital breadcrumbs have competing interests in technology that continue to Page 4, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

5 grow and evolve. In short, we believe that the potential impact of industry trends, market fundamentals and quickly evolving risks creates a multi-dimensional puzzle for Facebook investors, but active managers who carefully consider the risks involved may be well placed to seize upon the opportunity. 1 Ingram, David. Facebook Says Data Leak Hit 87 Million Users, Widening Privacy Scandal. Reuters, April 4, Source: As of April 9, Source: Barry, Emily. Facebook Could Face Huge Fines in FTC Investigation. MarketWatch, March 26, Vranica, Suzanne. Facebook and Google Face Emboldened Antagonists: Big Advertisers. The Wall Street Journal, March 26, Source: MSCI World Index, as of March 30, Source: 8 Norton, Leslie. Facebook Shareholders Force Data Privacy Vote. Barron s, March 24, Source: Sustainalytics, March 26, Goel, Vindu. Some Privacy, Please? Facebook, Under Pressure, Gets the Message. The New York Times, May 22, Source: As of April 9, Source: Disclosures These views are subject to change at any time based upon market or other conditions and are current as of the date at the top of the page. Page 5, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 Investing involves risk and principal loss is possible. Past performance does not guarantee future performance. Forecasting represents predictions of market prices and/or volume patterns utilizing varying analytical data. It is not representative of a projection of the stock market, or of any specific investment. This material is not an offer, solicitation or recommendation to purchase any security. Nothing contained in this material is intended to constitute legal, tax, securities or investment advice, nor an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, nor a solicitation of any type. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax and investment advice from a licensed professional. The information, analysis and opinions expressed herein are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual entity. Please remember that all investments carry some level of risk. Although steps can be taken to help reduce risk it cannot be completely removed. They do no not typically grow at an even rate of return and may experience negative growth. As with any type of portfolio structuring, attempting to reduce risk and increase return could, at certain times, unintentionally reduce returns. Investments that are allocated across multiple types of securities may be exposed to a variety of risks based on the asset classes, investment styles, market sectors, and size of companies preferred by the investment managers. Investors should consider how the combined risks impact their total investment portfolio and understand that different risks can lead to varying financial consequences, including loss of principal. Please see a prospectus for further details. The MSCI World Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed markets Indexes are unmanaged and cannot be invested in directly. Russell Investments ownership is composed of a majority stake held by funds managed by TA Associates with minority stakes held by funds managed by Reverence Capital Partners and Russell Investments management. Frank Russell Company is the owner of the Russell trademarks contained in this material and all trademark rights related to the Russell trademarks, which the members of the Russell Investments group of companies are permitted to use under license from Frank Russell Company. The members of the Russell Investments group of companies are not affiliated in any manner with Frank Russell Company or any entity operating under the FTSE RUSSELL brand. Copyright Russell Investments Group LLC All rights reserved. Page 6, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 This material is proprietary and may not be reproduced, transferred, or distributed in any form without prior written permission from Russell Investments. It is delivered on an as is basis without warranty. UNI Page 7, 2018 Advisor Perspectives, Inc. All rights reserved.

Multi-factor investing, demystified: Part 2

Multi-factor investing, demystified: Part 2 November 20, 2018 by Sophie Gilbert of Russell Investments In the world of investing, there s always a buffet of options to choose from, but there s no such