Risk Assessment Workshop Pam Walaski, CSP, CHMM Director, Health and Safety GAI Consultants, Inc. Pittsburgh, PA

Transcription

1 Risk Assessment Workshop Pam Walaski, CSP, CHMM Director, Health and Safety GAI Consultants, Inc. Pittsburgh, PA Today s Plan of Action Benefits of Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Definitions Identifying Your Organization's Top Five Risks Risk Management Framework Conducting a Risk Assessment Risk Identification, Risk Analysis, Risk Evaluation Customizing a Risk Matrix A new appreciation for the Hierarchy of Controls Quantifying risk reduction 1

2 Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Benefits, Framework, Definitions 3 OSH (R)evolution OSH Professionals rethinking the tenets that determine how we practice and lead Compliance-based approaches running out of steam Managing risks of the workplace required a riskbased approach embedded in a OSH management system Mistakes or evolution? 2

3 Benefits of Risk Management Proactive Approach Incident Prevention Risk Profile Reduced Operating Efficiency/Costs Reduced Better Management of Resources Employee Engagement Risk Management Framework Establishing the context Risk Assessment Risk identification Communication and Consultation Risk analysis Risk evaluation Monitoring and Review Risk treatment ANSI/ASSE Z690 3

4 The Language of Risk ANSI/ASSE Z690 Risk Hazard Exposure Consequences/outcome Probability/Likelihood Trigger event 7 Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Definitions 8 4

5 The Language of Risk Risk Hazard Exposure The Language of Risk Likelihood/probability Consequences - 5

6 The Language of Risk Risk Acceptance Risk Appetite Risk Attitude Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Communicating Your Top 5 Risks - Video 12 6

7 Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Risk Assessment Three Steps 13 Risk Assessment Risk Identification 7

8 Risk Assessment Communication and Consultation Risk Assessment Establishing the context Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatment Monitoring and Review Step 1: Risk Identification Review tasks by department, process, project, etc. During Incident/Near Miss Investigations Identify the hazards and the additional aspects that characterize risk sources, energy, trigger event(s), consequences 15 Risk Identification Techniques Evidence Based Methods - information gathered by employees or outside resources to identify hazards Examples: 8

9 Risk Identification Techniques Systematic Team Approaches information is gathered in groups of internal/external stakeholders to identify hazards. Examples: Risk Identification Techniques Inductive Reasoning Techniques technique used to provide evidence for identifying hazards Examples: 9

10 Hazard and Energy Key Connection All risks derive from hazards For OSH, injuries/illnesses derive from hazards No hazard - no injury/illness Energy (risk source) is intertwined with OSH hazards o Energy is the source of harm for OSH hazards o Hazard with no energy - no injury/illness o Exposure to energy from hazard creates outcome Hazards, Energy and Trigger Events Trigger event(s) are also intertwined with hazard: Trigger event is the actual cause of the injury how energy from hazard impacts the individual, piece of property, environment, etc. Hazard + Energy + Trigger Event = Injury/Illness No Energy + Trigger Event = No Injury/Illness 10

11 Risk Identification The fundamental goal then - Eliminate the hazard - energy doesn t matter Can t eliminate the hazard - control the energy Activity (Task being performed) Hazard (How can harm occur?) Risk Identification Energy (Risk Source) Trigger Events (Scenarios) Consequence (Harm/Severity) Risk Identification Risk Identification Activity Lifting 40# boxes 8 hours/day Hazard - Overexertion Energy Weight of the boxes Trigger Event Lifting, bending twisting Consequence Back strain with lost time or restricted duty Working on a ladder Using a bench grinder Wading in stream taking depth measurements 11

12 Risk Identification Using the last two incidents that resulted in lost time/restricted duty or a significant near miss at your organization, complete the table below. Risk Identification Activity Hazard Energy Trigger Event Consequence Risk Assessment Risk Analysis 12

13 Risk Assessment Step 2: Risk Analysis Initial/Inherent risk - no controls Existing Risk current controls Residual Risk Risk Factors defined by organization Risk Levels actions defined by organization Communication and Consultation Establishing the context Risk Assessment Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatment Monitoring and Review Risk Analysis Tools Make sure the tool selected: Identifies hazards and risks Assesses risk based upon existing controls Evaluates need for additional controls to obtain acceptable risk 13

14 14

15 ASSE Sells Standards - ISO 73 / / ANSI Z 690 Series You can purchase one or all of the ANSI/ASSE Z690 series here - assessment-techniques-national-adoption-of-iec/iso / Price per Standard $ PDF $ Print Qualitative vs. Semi-quantitative Qualitative ISO 31010/Z690 SEVERITY PROBABILITY Catastrophic I Critical II Marginal III Negligible IV F= Frequent P = Probable O= Occasional R= Remote I= Improbable Also ANSI Z10 ANSI B11.0 Semi-Quantitative MIL STD

16 Risk Factors - ISO 73 / / ANSI Z 690 Series Consequence/Severity) - Outcome of event or exposure Likelihood/Probability) - Chance that it will happen Frequency of exposure (number of events per unit time) Frequency of occurrence (number of times before event) What else? Risk Matrix Defining Risk Factors Terms are defined differently by each organization and type of business/risk Outcome/Injury or Illness Catastrophic Significant Moderate Minor High High Serious Medium High Serious Medium Low Serious Medium Low Very Low Medium Low Very Low Very Low

17 Risk Factor Consequence/Severity Consequence or Severity (CAT) Catastrophic ANSI Z10 ANSI B11.0 Death or permanent total disability Unable to return to work (C) Critical Disability in excess of 3 months, hospitalization of > 3 people per event Able to return to work at some point (M) Marginal Minor injury, lost workday incident Able to return to same job (N) Negligible First aid or minor medical treatment Little or no lost work time Risk Factor Consequence/Severity From B11.0 (Table C.1) - Severity of Harm by Injury Type 17

18 Risk Factor - Likelihood - MIL STD 882D MIL STD 882E Suggested Probability Levels Description Category Environmental, Safety, and Health Result Criteria Frequent A Likely to occur often in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence greater than 10-1 in that life. Continuously experienced. Probable B Will occur several times in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-1 but greater than 10-2 in that life. Will occur frequently. Occasional C Likely to occur some time in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-2 but greater than 10-3 in that life. Will occur several times. Remote D Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-3 but greater than 10-6 in that life. Unlikely, but can reasonably be expected to occur. Improbable E So unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be experienced, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-6 in that life. Unlikely to occur, but possible. Risk Factor - Likelihood 18

19 Risk Factor - Exposure Likelihood Frequent Probable Occasional Remote Improbable Frequency of Hazard Hazard(s) likely exists throughout the duration of the task. Hazard(s) will occasionally exist throughout the duration of the tasks. Hazard will sometimes exist throughout the duration of the tasks. Hazard will seldom exist throughout the duration of the tasks. Hazards will not likely exist during this tasks. Exposure to hazards rather than tasks Risk Factor - Exposure Frequent Task is performed several times an hour and/or duration may approach at least 4 hours a day. Sample Probable Task is performed several times a day and/or duration approaches 1 hour a day. Occasional Remote Improbable Task is performed several times a day, and/or in typical durations under one hour. Task is performed less than one or two times a day, or duration may be under a few hours a month. Task may occur only under exceptional circumstances and be completed in just a few minutes. 19

20 Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Risk Analysis: Choosing a Risk Matrix and Risk Factors - Video 39 Customizing a Risk Matrix Outcome/Injury or Illness Catastrophic Significant Moderate Minor High High Serious Medium High Serious Medium Low Serious Medium Low Very Low Medium Low Very Low Very Low Work in your groups to define acceptable risk color, score, other? 20

21 Cause and Effect Analysis Also known as fishbone In use since 1960s Works well for incident analysis Six elements reviewed to determine cause Each element has multiple aspects Cause and Effect Elements Man (People) Anyone involved with the process Methods How the process is performed, requirements for performing policies, procedures, rules, regulations, laws and other methods Machines Equipment, machines, and tools required to complete the task 21

22 Cause and Effect Elements Materials Parts, raw materials, supplies, etc. used in the process or to produce the product Management/Measurements Data generated to manage/motivate conformance Environment Conditions (location, time, temperature, and culture) in which the process operates Fishbone Diagram - Brainstorming Effect: 1. Back strain with lost time or restricted duty 2. Concussion, broken bones 3. Eye injury/ blindness 4. Torn rotator cuff *Each cause requires evaluation for possible control. 22

23 Risk Assessment - Risk Evaluation Risk Assessment Step 3: Risk Evaluation Evaluate controls to determine if the risk is acceptable Consider additional controls for unacceptable risks Create data to make decisions and monitor future actions Communication and Consultation Establishing the context Risk Assessment Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatment Monitoring and Review ANSI/ASSE Z , Prevention through Design 46 23

24 Risk Reduction Can we use the hierarchy to quantify risk reduction? By points, by percentage? Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Quantifying Risk Reduction 48 24

25 Risk Reduction Inherent Risk (no controls) = Outcome X Likelihood Residual Risk = Inherent Risk - Control Reduction Acceptable risk? Continue to evaluate controls. Risk Reduction - Example Outcome X Likelihood = Inherent Risk 4 X 3 = 12 Risk is not acceptable Residual Risk = Inherent Risk - Control Reduction Controls in place? Training Reduction obtained? 20% (0.2) Inherent Risk X Control Reduction = Risk Reduction 12 X.2 = 2.4 Inherent Risk Risk Reduction = Residual Risk = 9.6 Acceptable? 50 25

26 Risk Management ANSI/ASSE Z690 Moving Forward - Applications at Your Organization 51 Risk Assessment Workshop Questions Comments - Closing Questions Comments Closingommen Closing Questions Comments - Closing 26

27

28

29

30