Economic Times And PIB Compilation. For CSE Prelims Special

Transcription

1 January 6 th January 9 th, 2018 Economic Times And PIB Compilation For CSE-2018 Prelims Special 1. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option : A. Jamnalal Bajaj Award is an Indian Award given for promoting Gandhian values, community services and Social development. B. JamnalalBajaja Award is given for the achievement in Science and Technology field. C. There is a category for persons who promote Gandhian Value Internationally. (i) Only A is true (ii) Only B is true (iii) Only C is true (iv) All are true 2. Barmer Refinery is going to be constructed in which Indian State : (i) Maharashtra (ii) Goa (iii) Rajasthan (iv) Gujarat. 3. Read the following statements and find out the true one/ones A. Diabetes is a Non-Communicable Disease and it doesn t contribute to premature morality. B. Food borne diseases impose a huge economic burden on India which equals to almost 0.5 percent of India s GDP

2 (i) A only (ii) B only (iii) Neither A nor B (iv) Both A or B 4. Which body is having the following theme for this year s annual meeting:'creating a Shared Future in a Fractured World'. (i) World Economic Forum (ii) UNGeneral Assembly (iv) UNFCCC (iv) World Bank 5. Which among the following is not true about Merchant Discount Rate A. It is a fee charged by a bank on its customers directly from their accounts. B. MDR charges are usually shared in pre-agreed proportion between the bank and a merchant and is expressed in percentage of transaction amount. C. To promote digital transactions, the government has decided to bear MDR charges on transactions up to Rs 2,000 made through debit cards, BHIM UPI or Aadhaar-enabled payment systems. (i) A only (ii) B Only (iii) C Only (iii) All are true *** MDR is a fee charged from a merchantby a bank for accepting payments from customers through credit and debit cards in their establishments. e.g XYZ bank has established an ATM Vending machine. So VISA are enabling payment instrument debit card. Now When a customer is using VISA debit card and punch it in the SBI ATM.. VISA is paying the money to SBI. Now from where VISA is getting the money? (i) (ii) Upto Rs.2000/- From Govt. After that, From Customer. So Bank is charging the merchant, not the customers.

3 The MDR compensates the bank issuing the card, the bank which puts up the swiping machine (Point-of-Sale or PoS terminal) and network providers such as Mastercard or Visa for their services. MDR charges are usually shared in a pre-agreed proportion between them. In India, the RBI specifies the maximum MDR charges that can be levied on every card transaction. 6. Read the following statements carefully and find out the correct one : A. RBI can authorize an NBFC to accept public deposit upto a certain limit. Deposits under this ceiling is guaranteed as per RBI Act. B. An NBFC is a company registered under RBI Act,1935 (i) A only (ii) B only (iii) Both are correct (iv) None is correct *** Please go through Topic 1 for clarification. 7. Read the following statements and choose the incorrect one : A. Burning of Indian National Flag is a punishable offence under The Prevention of insults to National Honour Act, B. The flag code of India,2002 was the first such kind of code that has ensured usage of Non Plastic material for flag making. C. The display of the national flag is governed by the provisions of The Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (i) A only (ii) B only (iii) C only (iv) All are correct. **The Flag Code of India, 2002, took effect from January 26, 2002 and superseded the Flag Code-India as it existed earlier. 8. Which among the following is not correct regarding Telecom Regulatory Authority of India(TRAI) : A. It is a constitutional Body that regulates telecom services and tariffs in India. B. Mycall app is an app launched by TRAI. C. Call drop rate is very high in Land Lines and comparatively low in Cellular networks due to technical supremacy.

4 (i) A and C (ii) B and C (iii) C only (iv) All are wrong. **** TRAI is a statutory Body. Topic 1: Non-Banking Financial Company(NBFC) A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, o Principal Business : Financial activity as principal business is : when a company s financial assets constitute more than 50 per cent of the total assets income from financial assets constitute more than 50 per cent of the gross income. A company which fulfils both these criteria will be registered as NBFC by RBI. The term 'principal business' is not defined by the Reserve Bank of India Act. Hence if there are companies engaged in agricultural operations, industrial activity, purchase and sale of goods, providing services or purchase, sale or construction of immovable property as their principal business and are doing some financial business in a small way, they will not be regulated by the Reserve Bank. Interestingly, this test is popularly known as test and is applied to determine whether or not a company is into financial business. o NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is difference between banks & NBFCs? (i) (ii) (iii) NBFC cannot accept demand deposits. NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on itself. Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of NBFCs, unlike in case of banks. o Systemically important NBFCs NBFCs whose asset size is of 500 cr or more as per last audited balance sheet.

5 The rationale for such classification is that the activities of such NBFCs will have a bearing on the financial stability of the overall economy. o Different types/categories of NBFCs registered with RBI (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Asset Finance Company (AFC): financing of physical assets supporting productive/economic activity, such as automobiles, tractors, lathe machines, generator sets, earth moving and material handling equipments, moving on own power and general purpose industrial machines. Investment Company (IC): its principal business is acquisition of securities. Loan Company (LC) Infrastructure Finance Company (IFC) Micro Finance Institution: loan disbursed by an NBFC-MFI to a borrower with a rural household annual income not exceeding 1,00,000 or urban and semi-urban household income not exceeding 1,60,000. Mortgage Guarantee Companies (MGC). o Misc: All NBFCs are not entitled to accept public deposits. Only those NBFCs to which the Bank had given a specific authorisation and have an investment grade rating are allowed to accept/ hold public deposits to a limit of 1.5 times of its Net Owned Funds. Not all NBFCs registered with the Reserve Bank are entitled to accept deposits but only those that hold a deposit accepting Certificate of Registration can accept deposits. NBFCs cannot accept deposits from NRIs. Co-operative Credit Societies cannot accept deposits from general public. They can accept deposits only from their members within the limit specified in their bye laws. The Reserve Bank does not guarantee repayment of deposits by NBFCs even though they may be authorized to collect deposits. There is no Ombudsman for hearing complaints against NBFCs.

6 Question 1. What are electoral Bonds? Briefly explain the importance of Electoral Bonds in India. Electoral Bond : An electoral bond is designed to be a bearer instrument like a Promissory Note in effect, it will be similar to a bank note that is payable to the bearer on demand and free of interest. It can be purchased by any citizen of India or a body incorporated in India. The bonds will be issued in multiples of 1,000, 10,000, 1 lakh, 10 lakh and 1 crore and will be available at specified branches of State Bank of India. They can be bought by the donor with a KYC-compliant account. Donors can donate the bonds to their party of choice which can then be cashed in via the party's verified account within 15 days. Every party that is registered under section 29A of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1951 (43 of 1951) and has secured at least one per cent of the votes polled in the most recent LokSabha or State election will be allotted a verified account by the Election Commission of India. Electoral bond transactions can be made only via this account. The bonds will be available for purchase for a period of 10 days each in the beginning of every quarter, i.e. in January, April, July and October as specified by the Central Government. Why do we need it? India is the largest democracy in the world. Elections and political parties are a fundamental feature of Parliamentary democracy. Elections cost money. Staff salaries, travelling expenses, establishment cost are regular expenditures of political parties. There has not been a single year where election either for the Parliament or State Assemblies have not been held. Besides expenditure of individual candidates, political parties have to spend money on election campaigns, publicity, tours, travels and election related establishments. These expenditures run into hundreds of crores. Yet there has not been a transparent funding mechanism of the political system. The conventional system of political funding is to rely on donations. These donations, big or small, come from a range of sources from political workers, sympathisers, small business people and even large industrialists. The conventional practice of funding the political system was to take donations in cash and undertake these expenditures in cash.

7 The sources are anonymous or pseudonymous. The quantum of money was never disclosed. The present system ensures unclean money coming from unidentifiable sources. It is a wholly non-transparent system. A political party was expected to file its returns both with the income-tax authorities and Election Commission. It was hoped that donors would increasingly start donating money by cheque. Some donors did start following this practise but most of them were reluctant to disclose the details of the quantum of donation given to a political party. This was because they feared consequences visiting them from political opponents. The law was further amended to provide for pass through electoral trust so that the donors would park their money with the electoral trusts which in turn would distribute the same to various political parties. Both these reforms taken together resulted in only a small fraction of the donations coming in form of cheques. According to Budget : A donor could enjoy a tax deduction by donating in cheque. Donors were also free to donate moneys online to political parties. A cash donation to a political party could not exceed an amount of Rs.2000/-. In addition, scheme of electoral bonds was announced to enable clean money and substantial transparency being brought into the system of political funding. As against a total non-transparency in the present system of cash donations where the donor, the donee, the quantum of donations and the nature of expenditure are all undisclosed, some element of transparency would be introduced in as much as all donors declare in their accounts the amount of bonds that they have purchased and all parties declare the quantum of bonds that they have received. How much each donor has distributed to a political party would be known only to the donor. While all three methods involve clean money, the first two are totally transparent and the electoral bonds scheme is a substantial improvement in transparency over the present system of no-transparency.

8 'Economic Policy: The Road Ahead'. will focus on six broad themes: Macroeconomic Balances Agriculture and Rural Development Urban Development Infrastructure and Connectivity Employment Manufacturing and Exports and Health and Education. 7 Point Health Charter : 1) supporting development of robust food standards and code of practices for safe food 2) creating a positive regulatory environment 3) establishing a credible and robust national food testing system 4) addressing micronutrient deficiencies and promoting healthy dietary habits 5) bringing about large-scale social and behavioral change in citizens on safe and nutritious food 6) building a culture of self-compliance in food businesses 7) developing effective institutions and institutional arrangements backed with competent human resources and adequate financial resources. Mind sports require support at par with physical sports: Vice President Indian team has bagged the fourth place at the World Memory Championships held last month at Shenzen, China. Physical body has its limitations but the mind has unlimited capacity and this has to be tapped to its full potential. Memory is an essential component of learning. However, the effort should be to make this the first step. We need to move to analytical and logical thinking skills, not merely focus on rote learning and memorizing. Concept formation and understanding are important.

9 Memorising techniques should be introduced and taught in schools so that young minds are not subjected to needless pressures. Learning must be a memorable experience not a stressful rigmarole for students. The rote mode of learning, high expectations from parents, increasing competition and eagerness of educational institutions to get top ranks are causing stress and anxiety among students. Memory training will make studies a pleasurable experience rather than a stressful nightmare. If students can learn and master memory techniques, they can work smarter. This will actually enable students to get better grades and leave them with more time for other extra-curricular activities, thus ultimately contributing to their all-round development. India is blessed with a huge demographic advantage with 65 per cent of its population in the age group of 35 years. As such, there is a need to overhaul our education system so that the country s youngsters excel in the fields of science & technology, innovation, medicine and engineering and make new discoveries. Good memory is needed not only in academics, but also in our professional career. Most importantly, as we age we tend to forget people s names, faces, numbers and many elderly people also suffer from Alzheimer s disease, dementia or absent mindedness. Hence, there is a need for every Indian to learn these memory techniques and practice these memory sports on regular basis to have a healthy state of Mind.