ADVOCATE LEAD EDUCATE INNOVATE

Transcription

1 PENNSYLVANIA STATE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ADVOCATE LEAD EDUCATE INNOVATE T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

2 What is PSEA? You are PSEA. Our Association is 180,000 members strong members who work together, support each other, and stand up for what is right. PSEA protects members when you need it most, speaks out on issues that matter, and provides you with the power and ability to get the salaries, benefits, pension, and respect you deserve. PSEA works best when our members are active participants in the Association. So, get involved and let your voice be heard today. 2 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

3 A Message from the President When you join PSEA, you join 180,000 education professionals who feel just as strongly as you do about making a difference in the lives of the students they teach. As a PSEA member, you ll be part of this great Association, and you ll also be a citizen in PSEA, with a voice and a vote on how your union operates. In fact, we just created a new member task force to make sure we know exactly what interests new members like you. PSEA will always put you and your students first, speak up for you, fight for you, and protect you when you need it most. Just as important, you will contribute to PSEA s strength, because you will lend your values, your passion, and your beliefs to the mission every PSEA member shares giving our students the power of a great education. JERRY OLEKSIAK PSEA President P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 3

4 Focused on Serving Members Who leads PSEA? Teachers and education support professionals just like you. Do you have a question about your school, your contract, or your job? Contact your local president for help. Do you want to get involved in region-level events? Just call your region leader. Do you want to meet your state officers and help elect the Association s leaders? Come to the PSEA House of Delegates. People like you lead PSEA. Get to know them, and learn how they can help you do your job. to learn more, go to PSEA 4 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

5 PSEA is its members, but we have a highly trained staff, too. The staff s job is to help you to do your job, and to protect and improve the profession you love. Many of these dedicated staff members work in one of PSEA s 13 field offices, and help with local contract issues and arbitrations. Others work in PSEA s headquarters office in Harrisburg, dealing with government relations, communications, legal, education policy, and research issues. They are all focused on helping you so that you can focus on what you love most serving kids. P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 5

6 Your Pension, Your Future You may just be starting your career, but it s never too early to think about your retirement. Your retirement system will ask you whether you want to enroll in either the Class T-F or Class T-E retirement plan. If this is your first job in a school, you have a very important decision to make right now. You only have 45 days to choose your retirement option after being notified by PSERS. And you only have one chance to do it. You need to decide whether to pay a little bit more now and get 25 percent more in annual pension benefits or pay less today and have less in retirement. ALERT FOR NEW MEMBERS 6 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

7 Here s the difference between the two for a member who works in school service for 35 years. Class T-E: 2.0% X 35 = Annual Pension Benefit that is 70% of your Final Average Salary Class T-F: 2.5% X 35 = Annual Pension Benefit that is 87.5% of your Final Average Salary Disclaimer: PSEA provides this information to new and potential members for general education about the Class T-F Election. This is not intended and should not be used for the purpose of making specific investment and/or retirement decisions. Note: For SERS members, the class selection titles differ. Go to to learn more. P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 7

8 Degrees Not Debt Painful funding cuts have resulted in rising costs for colleges and universities. Graduates are often saddled with crushing student loan debt. Seven out of every 10 Pennsylvania students have debt that averages more than $33,000. State and federal aid to higher and career education must be increased We can do better.that s why the National Education Association has launched the Degrees Not Debt Campaign. The campaign believes: Need-based student aid must be increased Student loans must be made more affordable Public service must be encouraged through expanded loan forgiveness 8 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

9 While we advocate for solutions to this problem in the future, PSEA and the NEA are offering assistance to members struggling with student loan debt today. Right now, there are programs that can help. Income Based Repayment for people who show partial financial hardship and can have their student loan payments reduced Public Service Loan Forgiveness for people like us who work in the public sector Teacher Loan Forgiveness for certain eligible teachers who teach for five years in schools that serve low-income students Want to find out if these programs can help you? Go to P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 9

10 Helping You Do Your Job Working in public schools isn t easy. It s a tough job, and PSEA wants to help you do it. PSEA offers free, online programs that can help you in your school and classroom 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This is a free benefit of PSEA membership. From any computer, tablet, or smartphone, you can access helpful programs anytime, anywhere and they count for Act 48 and Chapter 14 credits, too. visit to learn more and access the portal 10 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

11 PSEA PROFESSIONAL LEARNING Some offerings include: Classroom Management Research and Best Practices What is Trending in Special Education Child Protective Services Law Student Learning Objectives Teacher Evaluation Update: Teacher Specific Data Hundreds of EA and ESP members have already taken advantage of this great benefit. Go to and start learning today. P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 11

12 Saving Members Money There are a lot of benefits to being a PSEA member, and one of them is that your membership saves you money. The PSEA Member Benefits and Member Benefits Access programs can save you money at thousands of different restaurants, hotels, car rental agencies, grocery stores and more. Some members save more money than they pay in PSEA dues. How much you save depends on how often you use Member Benefits. Save on Your Auto and Home Insurance Save on Your Mortgage Save on Hundreds of Things You Buy Every Day psea.org/mb Want to start saving? Go to 12 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

13 10% discounts on policies for PA residents $2,500 personal property coverage for teaching items 21% monthly discount on eligible plans 35% discount on eligible accessories Savings at thousands of restaurants, stores, hotels, and more Low interest rates on mortgages No loan origination fees One free interest rate re-lock opportunity worth $400 Dining, food, and entertainment Car rentals, hotels, resorts, and cruises Movies, shopping, and groceries P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 13

14 ADVOCATE Fighting for All of Us PSEA members are devoted to their schools and students, but you don t work for free. You need the kind of compensation and benefits that it takes to support your family. You earn these benefits, and PSEA works very hard to make sure you have the best possible local contract and the fairest possible compensation by: A D V O C A T E Fighting for Good Salaries Defending Your Health Care Benefits Protecting Your Pension PSEA 14 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

15 Protecting All of Us When you need it most, PSEA is there to help. Our extremely qualified staff is there to make sure that your rights are protected at work, and that you have the peace of mind you need to do your job. When you need help, PSEA is there for you by: Supporting Local Leaders Who Enforce Your Contract Advocating Before Professional Commissions Providing Low-Cost Legal Services Protecting Your Certification and Licensure PSEA Want to learn more? Go to A D V O C A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 15

16 Speaking Up for All of Us A D V O C A T E You are the real expert when it comes to what works in your school and classroom. That s why PSEA combines the voices of our 180,000 members to tell lawmakers what good education policies look like and what ideas just don t work for our schools and our students. On these issues, PSEA speaks with one loud voice by: Protecting Your Retirement Fighting Toxic Testing Speaking Out for School Funding Want to learn more? Go to PSEA 16 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

17 Solidarity What does PSEA solidarity look like? The members of the Central Greene EA in Greene County can tell you. After their school board rejected a fair contract agreement, the Central Greene members went to work. They held rallies, showed up at school board meetings, and reached out to their neighbors sending the message that the agreement was good for their schools, their students, and their community. Just as they were ready to go on strike, their incredible community outreach paid off. The school board settled the contract, and the Central Greene EA members ended up with the fair agreement that they worked so hard to achieve. solidarity A D V O C A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 17

18 LEAD L E A D Leadership Organize Engage Succeed! PSEA is strong because of members like you. We re in this together. It s what makes us successful. PSEA has made it a top priority to reach out to new and veteran members alike to make PSEA as strong as it can be. Our promise to you is this: We will fight for good salaries, health care, and pensions for you. We will be there to protect you when you least expect it and need it most. And we will speak out for you on issues you care about like fair funding, standardized testing, and teacher evaluations. PSEA is 180,000 members strong today and we ll be even stronger tomorrow. 180,000 members strong 18 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

19 Keeping YOU Informed You know that there is a lot going on in public education. There always is. That s why PSEA works hard to keep you informed. Whether it s through Voice magazine, or our Connected e-newsletter, or whether you get School Nurse News, President to President, or the Insider, PSEA gives you the most up-to-date information on your profession, your Association, and the issues that impact you. PSEA Follow PSEA on Facebook Watch for PSEA on Twitter Subscribe to a New Publication Want to Find Out How? Go to L E A D P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 19

20 L E A D The Power of an Informed Membership PSEA wants to keep our members informed, and we re always looking for new ways to share key information so that you re up-to-date on the latest education trends and topics. Belong is an e-newsletter for educators and support professionals who are starting their careers. The Insider is an e-newsletter that includes legislative news and updates from Capitol Hill, providing the latest information from our government relations team. Sign up at PSEA officers are now on Twitter, sharing union news and updates in 140 characters or less. Find them and other PSEA Twitter accounts here: Jerry Dolores Rich Jim PSEA Government the BELONG Insider 20 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

21 Check out PSEA s mobile app. This new tool helps members manage information from the Association, get local and region updates, and find information about PSEA and other important issues. Visit the app store and search for PSEA to download. PSEA also launched a new and improved website, providing streamlined access to information from your Association. visit the new L E A D P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 21

22 Elections Overwhelmed by all the political news and attack ads? Just remember the numbers 1, 102, and 26. So, when you see a PSEA-recommended candidate on the ballot, please vote for him or her, and help elect 102 representatives and 26 senators to get to a pro-public education majority in the General Assembly. Tom Wolf is a pro-public education governor. That s the 1. Now PSEA needs 102 pro-public education state representatives and 26 pro-public education state senators. That s what our 102/26 strategy is all about. Political parties don t matter. All that matters is that we elect pro-public education legislators. All the candidates PSEA recommends are pro-public education, and they re selected by PSEA members just like you. L E A D 22 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

23 A PRO-PUBLIC EDUCATION MAJORITY HERE S HOW WE GET IT DONE WHAT IS THE GOAL? 102 Members of the PA House 26 PA Senate Members of the Pro-public education governor Majority on the PA Supreme Court 97 Pro-public education members of the PA House 18 Pro-public education members of the PA Senate 1 Pro-public education governor 5-2 Pro-public education justices on the PA Supreme Court WE RE ALMOST THERE YOU PLAY A KEY ROLE Vote Contribute to PACE Volunteer Talk to friends and colleagues L E A D P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 23

24 Conferences and Workshops PSEA offers many different conferences and workshops to provide members with the opportunity to come together, discuss topics and trends in education, and connect and build relationships while becoming more involved in the Association through leadership training. L E A D 24 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

25 These conferences and workshops provide offerings for specific areas of membership, such as: Student PSEA Conference and Convention Minority and Women s Leadership Training Conference Department of Pupil Services Conference PSEA Urban Conference Conferences and workshops are also offered by content, including: Collective Bargaining Conference Special Education Conference Membership and Treasurer Workshops Political Institute Summer Leadership Conference L E A D P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 25

26 EDUCATE E D U C A T E Standardized Testing and the Every Student Succeeds Act When you re a member of the largest education association in Pennsylvania, people listen to you. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) gives PSEA a chance to reduce the toxic consequences of standardized testing. And state policymakers are asking PSEA for our members advice. ESSA won t end standardized testing. But it does open the door for Pennsylvania to be smarter about how it uses student test results. PSEA s goal is for members to spend more time teaching, and less time testing and prepping for testing. The ESSA gives us a chance to make that happen. find the latest news on ESSA at 26 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

27 Commonsense Standardized Testing Reform For a long time, PSEA members have been speaking out against state requirements that put too much emphasis on high-stakes standardized tests. Now, we have a three-part plan for tackling the problem: Reduce the amount of time spent on the Pennsylvania State Standardized Assessment Separate Keystone Exams from graduation requirements Ensure that state standardized tests are used only for government accountability requirements No single standardized test should bar a student from earning a diploma or be given outsized weight when assessing school performance. Standardized test scores don't tell the whole story. That s the message PSEA is delivering to lawmakers on the Hill. = E D U C A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 27

28 Learning Lessons It s important to spread the news about the great things members do. Through psea.org, social media, alerts to the media, and Voice magazine, PSEA tells stories about the work members do for their students, schools, and communities. Recent episodes highlighted a high school social studies teacher using comics to engage students, a Spanish immersion program for elementary students, and a community service club for young learners. Visit to see the stories we have featured so far and to submit your ideas for future episodes. And now, these stories are on Pennsylvania Cable Network in a special series, Learning Lessons: Great ideas, Great schools. Each 30-minute episode features a successful story or stories from PSEA members who create innovative programs and help their students achieve. E D U C A T E 28 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

29 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 29 E D U C A T E

30 Honor Roll Congratulations to Michael Soskil, Wallenpaupack Area EA, 2017 Pennsylvania Teacher of the Year. An educator for 19 years, Soskil teaches science to students in grades 3-5 at Wallenpaupack South Elementary School. He was also a top 10 finalist for the 2016 Global Teacher Prize. E D U C A T E Soskil s Distance Teaching Project was featured as part of the Learning Lessons series in Voice and on PCN. Through this program, he connects his students in rural, northeastern Pennsylvania with peers around the world. The students share content and learn from each other, and make an impact through service projects. Michael Soskil Teacher of the Year 30 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

31 As a middle school art teacher, Diane Lally doesn t look at what she does as work. She views it as a calling. Her secret? She makes sure that her students see her love for art and art education every day. Her dedication to art education and her collaborations with the Carnegie Museum of Art and the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh earned the South Fayette Township EA member the 2017 Outstanding Middle Level Art Educator of the Year Award. Like so many PSEA members, Lally isn t interested in accolades or honors. She s focused on inspiring a love of art in her students. But the award she received shows the impact her work has had on her students. Diane Lally E D U C A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 31

32 Dave Namey is a longtime teacher, Wilkes-Barre Career and Technology Center EA member, the president of PSEA s Department of Career and Technical Studies, and an absolutely dedicated advocate for career and technical education. E D U C A T E In 2017, Namey went to the SkillsUSA Pennsylvania Conference and got to tell Gov. Tom Wolf and legislators just how important technical education is to the future of Pennsylvania. Admiring the work of the nearly 1,700 students who entered the competition, he praised the governor for the work he s done to promote career and technical studies. Namey also shared how proud he has been to see his own students attend the national SkillsUSA competitions, because the hard work students do to get there pays off in the careers they will enter after graduation. Dave Namey with Gov. Tom Wolf 32 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

33 Have you ever heard of Shanma s Chocolates? Or Find My Fido a company that designs tracking devices for runaway dogs? Or PrismPostal, an outfit that can put a sensor in your mailbox to tell you when you have mail? Her innovative program teaches students key lessons about business while they re still in a high school classroom. Cherie Powell of Big Spring EA, Cumberland County, has. That s because her students created all of these companies as part of a Shark Tank -style program that matches students with local business mentors. Powell s goal is to teach kids in her Business Incubator Program how to be entrepreneurs. To do that, Powell figured the lessons would be even more powerful if her students actually worked like entrepreneurs. Cherie Powell E D U C A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 33

34 INNOVATE Partners for Public Education PSEA s Partners for Public Education program provides members with a unique opportunity to build an effective pro-public education movement by educating and engaging people who care about Pennsylvania students and public schools. I N N O V A T E Anyone who supports public education can join. It doesn t cost anything to sign up, and PPE s more than 10,000 Partners get Partners Post, a monthly e-newsletter containing a wide range of helpful information for parents and students, along with updates about the critical issues facing public education. Partners also enjoy discounts on products and services they use every day. 34 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

35 If you know people who care as much as you do about public education, invite them to join us by going to more than 10,000 Partners Parents: Get more reading tips at I N N O V A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 35

36 Data Integrity PSEA supports a $50,000 starting salary goal because higher starting salaries attract people with the education and skills required to educate today s youth. It also makes salary schedules more competitive with other professions. I N N O V A T E In the 20 counties in the Southeastern and Southcentral part of the state, the average starting salary is $45,731.* * Average salaries are weighted by district size and based on FY data. Source: PSEA Research FULTON $41,939 MIFFLIN $38,233 FRANKLIN $46,381 JUNIATA $40,086 PERRY DAUPHIN $41,136 $44,635 CUMBERLAND $45,879 YORK ADAMS $46,729 $45,155 SCHUYLKILL $38,073 LEBANON $44,819 LANCASTER $46,450 CARBON $41,776 NORTHAMPTON $47,810 LEHIGH $47,332 BERKS $43,968 BUCKS $45,426 MONTGOMERY $46,559 PHILADELPHIA CHESTER $45,360 $45,969 DELAWARE $45, P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

37 Less than $40,506 TIOGA $42,951 BRADFORD $51,792 SUSQUEHANNA $43,805 WAYNE $45,548 $40,506 - $43,782 $43,783 - $45,906 $45,907 - $51,878 WYOMING LYCOMING $44,439 SULLIVAN $49,536 $45,915 LACKAWANNA $43,314 PIKE $51,500 LUZERNE $41,736 UNION $43,684 MONTOUR $44,630 COLUMBIA $37,856 MONROE $43,010 SNYDER $45,148 NORTHUMBERLAND $39,193 In the 16 counties in the Northeastern part of the state, the average starting salary is $43,204.* I N N O V A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 37

38 Less than $40,506 ERIE $43,249 CRAWFORD $48,284 WARREN $42,525 McKEAN $40,584 POTTER $40,479 $40,506 - $43,782 $43,783 - $45,906 $45,907 - $51,878 MERCER $44,438 VENANGO $44,418 FOREST Open Step CLARION $40,331 JEFFERSON $38,546 ELK $42,475 CAMERON $42,776 CLINTON $44,765 LAWRENCE $43,759 BUTLER $43,519 CLEARFIELD $39,418 CENTRE $42,874 I N N O V A T E BEAVER $46,071 In the 17 counties in the Northwestern part of the state, the average starting salary is $43,335.* 38 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

39 In the 12 counties in the Southwestern part of the state, the average starting salary is $42,436.* ARMSTRONG $49,773 INDIANA $51,878 ALLEGHENY $43,888 CAMBRIA $37,827 BLAIR $41,444 WESTMORELAND $45,834 HUNTINGDON $36,691 WASHINGTON $39,419 GREENE $35,929 FAYETTE $35,545 SOMERSET $34,361 BEDFORD $40,365 I N N O V A T E P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 39

40 Resources PSEA wants you to have the tools, resources, and information you need to be a great educator, a strong advocate, and an accomplished professional. R E S O U R C E S PSEA fights to secure good salaries, health care, and pensions for you. See how at PSEA speaks with one voice on key issues such as school funding and pensions. Learn more at PSEA saves you money on insurance, your mortgage, and things you buy every day. Start saving at PSEA is there for you when you need it most. Find your UniServ rep at PSEA connects your community to your schools with Partners for Public Education. Learn more at PSEA keeps you informed about your profession and the issues that matter most. Connect at 40 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

41 W. Gerard Oleksiak Dolores M. McCracken Richard W. Askey James G. Vaughan President Vice President Treasurer 400 North Third Street, Harrisburg, PA This booklet is intended for use by PSEA members and their immediate families. R E S O U R C E S P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 41

42 Region Offices R E S O U R C E S 1 Headquarters 400 North Third St. P.O. Box 1724 Harrisburg PSEA (7732) Central Region 2 Port Allegany 106 North Main St. P.O. Box 328 Port Allegany State College 400 Shiloh Road State College Central-Western Region 4 Indiana 39 North 7th St. Ste 300 Indiana Johnstown 330 Bloomfield St. Johnstown Eastern Region 6 Allentown 4950 Medical Center Circle Allentown Mideastern Region 7 Montgomeryville 601 Bethlehem Pike Building C Montgomeryville Midwestern Region 8 New Castle 3033 New Butler Road New Castle Northeastern Region 9 Wilkes-Barre 1188 Highway 315 Wilkes-Barre Northwestern Region 10 Edinboro 413 W. Plum St. Ste C Edinboro Southeastern Region 11 West Chester Westtown Business Center 1512 McDaniel Drive West Chester Southern Region 12 Mechanicsburg 4750 Delbrook Road Ste 100 Mechanicsburg Southwestern Region 13 Hunker 944 South Center Ave. Hunker, Western Region 14 Pittsburgh 10 South 19th St. Pittsburgh P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

43 PSEA Region and Office Map R E S O U R C E S P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 43

44 R E S O U R C E S Mission, Vision, Values, and Goals Our Mission We are members who promote, protect, and advocate for our schools, students, and professions. Our Vision To be an informed, engaged, inclusive, and collaborative union and the leading voice for education and labor. we are members who promote, protect, and advocate for our schools, students, and professions Our Values We value Integrity in words, actions, and data Professional growth and expertise Student-centered teaching and learning Unionism and collective action: Working together based on core union principles Equitable resources and equal opportunities for all students Our members voices in the union and as leaders in our professions Respect and diversity in our Association and workplaces Partnerships with our communities 44 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

45 Our Goals PSEA as an Organization PSEA will increase our strength by growing, engaging, unifying, and communicating with our membership. PSEA will operate in a fiscally responsible manner. Compensation and Working Conditions PSEA will bargain and protect professional salaries, benefits, pensions, and safe and effective working conditions. Quality Education and Advocacy PSEA will provide quality educational services, advocate for all students to have access to effective learning environments, and advance pro-public education policies. PSEA will work to improve public perception of and support for public education and the education profession. R E S O U R C E S P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 45

46 Tell PSEA What interests you? What would you like to learn more about? What kinds of information can PSEA give you to help you be the best educator you can be? Whether you re interested in special education, school safety, classroom management, testing, education policy, or politics, PSEA has a conference, training session, or publication for you. special education school safety classroom management politics testing education policy PSEA wants to make sure you have everything you need to be a great educator. R E S O U R C E S So, tell us how we can help. 46 P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N

47 We Want to Hear from You Tell us what interests you TODAY. R E S O U R C E S P S E A : T H E P O W E R O F A G R E A T E D U C A T I O N 47

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