Existing and Potential Indicators fo University-Industry-Government Relat Innovation Systems. Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 27:

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1 JAIST Reposi Title Existing and Potential Indicators fo University-Industry-Government Relat Innovation Systems Author(s)Qu, Tianpeng; Miyazaki, Kumiko Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 27: Issue Date Type Conference Paper Text version publisher URL Rights 本著作物は研究 技術計画学会の許可のもとに掲載するものです This material is posted here w permission of the Japan Society for Policy and Research Management. Description 一般講演要旨 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and

2 2B28 Existing and Potential Indicators for Assessing University-Industry-Government Relations in Innovation Systems Tianpeng Qu, Kumiko Miyazaki (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Abstract The selection and design of appropriate indicators are crucial for evaluating the outcome of university-industry-government (UIG) relationship in innovation systems at various levels. This paper reviews and compares current indicators and discusses the orientations for the design of potential new indicators that may complement existing ones. This paper then provides implications for policy-makers and evaluators. Index Terms university-industry-government relationship, innovation systems, indicator, research evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of university-industry-government (UIG) relationship is a prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable socio-economic development in innovation systems at various levels in the era of knowledge-based economy, learning society [1, 2] and open innovation paradigm [3]. Among heterogeneous actors in a given innovation system, university, industrial firm and government agency can be regarded as the most important ones and thus UIG linkage network has naturally become the core sub innovation system. It is relatively easier to measure the performance of a single actor; it i s difficult to assess the effectiveness of combined efforts and interaction of two institutional settings (e.g. university-industry links) due to the complexity of their relationship; it i s even elusive to gauge UIG relationship in the context of an innovation system because the inherent differences in missions and core competence of the three spheres add to the complication. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the effectiveness of UIG interaction in promoting innovation is necessary since it c an inform and facilitate the formulation, implementation, adjustment or redesign and critical review of relevant policies, programs or projects or in the decision of the setting-up or reform of relevant intermediary organizations (e.g. liaison offices). Therefore, the crucial yet challenging task of selection and design of appropriate indicators for assessing UIG relationship becomes a major concern of evaluators. However, most current indicators target the assessment of the effectiveness of knowledge transfer from universities and government labs to firms, i.e. public sector research (PSR)-industry relationship. Although the evaluation of PSR-industry linkage is a popular and meaningful approach, it obviously has its own limitations since it ignores the differences between universities and PRIs and avoids addressing the other roles other than research conducted by government labs on the part of government in the UIG sub innovation system. Recently available proxies dedicated to measure UIG relationship, e.g. triple helix indicator, put great emphases on UIG co-authorship and thus is still limited in use in practice. Moreover, there are several other apparent restrictions with existing indicators. Our aim is to critically review these restrictions based on which we propose the possible orientations for the selection and design of potential new indicators to complement present ones. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 put forth an overview of UIG relations in innovation promotion; Section 3 provides a review of existing indicators and methods for the evaluation of UIG relations; Section 4 point outs the limitations of existing indicators and highlights orientations for the selection and design of potential new ones; and Section 5 gives implications and draws a conclusion. 2. AN OVERVIEW OF UIG RELATIONS IN PROMOTING INNOVATION 2.1. Different core competences of UIG actors Despite the trend that the boundary among universities, firms and government are getting ambiguous in the new innovation paradigm as they get more interconnected and their overlapping role expands [4], they still keep their core competences that reflects their identities. A lion s share of universities resources is still utilized in improving the quality of education and basic research; government labs emphasizes fundamental and applied research; industrial firms are more dedicated to commercial activities and maximization of profits. As regards research competence, the three actors have distinguishable comparative advantages [5]. In general, government labs core competence lies in its ability to carry out long-term, large-scope, high-risk and/or interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary state-of-the-art research with the backup of sufficient public research funding and tremendously expensive and often unique facilities that cannot be found in industrial and university 304

3 l oo, g o o o o go o lo o gll o ologl o o o l l lo o l g o o o o g ol g o o oo olg o oo g, g lo o o, o o ol o o, ol olg o o oo o g, oo l l o ll g l o o o l o o o, o o oog oo o lg o o lo og lo g o o [5], g, l lo o o o, go ol, o ll g o olg og lo o o gg go g ll o o oo, ol go, o lo o olg l o o l o o 1 o o oiaios o iole i liae oo ll, go og o lg oo o,, go l ol l o og lg o o o o log o og, o g o o l o o o g ol, o o o og o o, og o lg o o l o lo o oo o oo o ll lo, lg go l, ll o l oo ol o o lo o 1 o og gl g ol o olg lo log o o ol o, g lo l oo, lg [], oo o o ogol lo o o ei access o scieiic oies l o gg l o og o oo g ll o oo o g olog log gl ll o g o oo o ll olg ceasi e edicie oe o sciece l o g lo o l olg o g ol g g o o o eleaio o deelome aciiies o oo g o o olg l ol gg o lg l g ai io comlemea esouces o ol gg o l l, ool, l g l o g o l o ol ll, o ll o, o ol l l ol oo o ll o og, g o o lg o ol o o ol g gllg o o o o o o o o o o o oo o, o oo o o l l o ollo gg o olg log o lgl o lo o l lo o o l o o go o o ol l g o gl ll ol olg ll g gl ll l o o oo o gg lg o o o o o o oo, lg [] ecaisms o ieacio o oo, o o o o lo l o g o, oo, o o o lo og o o og o oo o l g oo 305

4 g o g o o oo o ooo oo o o o o gg l 1 o ll o ll o, oolo o l l o gl o o o o 1 ol o, oo o, ol g, g o, g, l o l, ol, g, o oo, lg o l o, o, o o o loo ol g, ol oo g ol oo ol ol oo oo, gg ol, g ll g o ll g ol, g lg l o ll o ool, go, g, o o lo, o, ol goo ogo o o lo o lo o, ol l l o ol o oo, g oo og l oo o o log o ol g o ol oo o g o g o olg o o oo o o l l ol goo ooo ogo ol o o o o o o lo o, o l o ll o o o ol o, g lg o l o lll o lg, og, l g l oologl o lo o lo o ll ll g o g o glo o lo [7] o o l o o l o l ll o, o l g o o o, o o l o o lo o o ll o ll o o lo o g go o,, o, l o gl o oologl o lo o ooo o o lo [8] o lg o og o ol o o o g l lo, o o o ol, g ol o lo, o o l ll ll o ol o ol ll l l g o o o, o l gl o o lo o o l o o o o l o l og o l og l g g o l o o o o o og o l o o g o l o g l l o l o o, oo log l o g o o o ol o o o lo gg l 2 o o g o o, o oo o l, o l, l, ol o o o, o oo o l lo ll o o l ll o l ll 2, o, l g, l l, l, l, ol o o o loo lo,, o,, o, g, og, o o o olg o, oo lg, o, l, o l o ll lo o o lo ll ll lo lo l o o olog o olg o l o o g lg o oo o o ol lo o ol o o o olog [9] l, [10] gg o o l o o lg lg o, l, 306

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