Senior Citizens: Problems and Welfare

LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT PARLIAMENT LIBRARY AND REFERENCE, RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SERVICE (LARRDIS) MEMBERS REFERENCE SERVICE REFERENCE NOTE. No.27/RN/Ref./2013 For the use of Members of Parliament Not for Publication Senior Citizens: Problems and Welfare ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The reference material is for personal use of the Members in the discharge of their Parliamentary duties, and is not for publication. This Service is not to be quoted as the source of the information as it is based on the sources indicated at the end/in the text. This Service does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or veracity of the information or views contained in the note/collection.

Senior Citizens: Problems and Welfare 1. INTRODUCTION Elderly or old age consists of ages nearing or surpassing the average life span of human beings. The boundary of old age cannot be defined exactly because it does not have the same meaning in all societies. Government of India had adopted National Policy on Older Persons in January, 1999. The policy defines senior citizen or elderly as a person who is of age 60 years or above 1. 2. GLOBAL SCENARIO The aging of populations is one of the glaring consequences of demographic transition. The advanced countries of the world have developed policies and programmes to avert crises and promote economic growth. The developing economies such as South Asia are also well on their way along a similar course, and are either prepared to face the consequences or to manage the growing number of the elderly through appropriate policies. The world s population is expected to increase to 9.4 billion by 2050 from the current 7.3 billion. During the same period, the proportion of the elderly population is expected to increases from 10.4 per cent to 21.7 per cent. Among the elderly, it is the oldest among the old whose numbers will increase most rapidly over time, or about 320 million by 2050. The likely scenario of the global population projected by the United Nations (2005) for the period 2005 to 2150 is presented in the following table 2 :- Future Scenario of the Global Population Projected by UN Total population (in billion) 60 years and above (per cent) 65 years and above (per cent) 80 yeas and above (per cent ) 2005 7.3 10.4 7.4 1.3 2025 8.1 15.1 11.2 2.4 2050 9.4 21.7 15.8 4.3 2075 10.1 26.5 19.5 6.0 2100 10.5 29.2 22.5 7.5 2125 10.6 30.2 24.1 9.3 2150 10.9 31.8 25.6 10.8 Source: United Nations, 2005 1 India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Situation Analysis of the Elderly in India, 2011, p. (iii) 2 Social Security for the Elderly: Experiences from South Asia, Edited by S. Irudaya Rajan, 2005, pp. 1-2

-2-3. INITIATIVES BY THE UNITED NATIONS The United Nations adopted the 1 st International Plan of Action on Ageing in Vienna in 1982, and it took until 1991 for the General Assembly to adopt the UN Principles for Older Persons (Resolution 46/91) and its 4 main themes - independence, participation, care, self-fulfillment and dignity. The Committee on Economic, Social and Culture Rights adopted the General comment on the Economic and Social, and Cultural Rights of Older Persons. In 1999, with the International Year of Older Persons, came the Conceptual Framework based on the Plan and Principles with 4 priority areas (i) the situation of older persons, (ii) individual life long development, (iii) the relationship between generations, (iv) the inter-relationship of population, aging and development. Finally, in Madrid in 2002, the 2 nd World Assembly on Ageing (WAA) had adopted unanimously a Political Declaration and an International Strategic Plan of Action on Ageing. The 2004 report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly recommends to assign fulltime focal points on ageing and provide them with adequate resources to further implementation 3. The International day of older persons is celebrated every year on 1 October. 4. INDIAN SCENARIO As per 2001 Census, total population of Senior Citizens (60+) was 7.7 crore, of which population of males and females was 3.8 crore and 3.9 crore, respectively. The share of people aged 60 years and above in the total population as per Census 2001 is given below: Population (2001) (Fig. in crore) Persons Males Females All India 102.9 53.2 49.7 Senior Citizens (60+) 7.7 3.8 3.9 As % of total 7.5 7.1 7.8 Source: Census, 2001 The share of people aged 60 years and above in the total population is highest in Kerala (8.82%), closely followed by Himachal Pradesh, (8.12 %) and Punjab (7.84 %). The Andaman and Nicobar Island has the lowest percentage (3.4 %) of people aged 60 years and above out of the total population. In rural areas, the percentage share of elderly population in total population is highest in the state of Kerala (8.9%) followed by Punjab (8.5%). Andaman & Nicobar Islands has the lowest share (3.7%) of elderly population in rural areas followed by Delhi (3.9%). In urban areas, Kerala has the highest proportion of elderly population (8.59%) followed by Pondicherry (7.43%). The 3 India, National Human Rights Commission Report on Elderly People 2011, pp. 17-18.

-3- lowest figures in urban areas are observed in Arunachal Pradesh (1.5%) followed by Nagaland (2.01%) 4. The projected population aged 60+ and their percentage share in the total projected population of the country, for the year 2006 to 2026 (as on 1 March) as per the May 2006 Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections constituted by the National Commission on Population published by the Office of the Registrar General of India, is as under 5 : Projected Population of Senior Citizens and Their % share in Total Projected Population The following table shows the emerging aging scenario of India in the first half of the twenty-first century (2001-2051). Towards this end, elderly population of India for the next fifty years has been projected. The table gives a profile of the elderly classified by ages 60 years and above, 70 years and above and 80 years and above in terms of size, proportion and gender 6. Number, Proportion and Sex Ratio of the Elderly, India 2001-2051 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051 60 and above Number (in Million) 77 96 133 179 236 301 Percentage to the total population 7.5 8.2 9.9 11.9 14.5 17.3 Sex Ration (males per 1000 females) 1028 1034 1004 964 1008 1007 70 and above Number (in Million) 29 36 51 73 98 132 Percentage to the total population 2.9 3.1 3.8 4.8 6.0 7.6 Sex Ration (males per 1000 females) 991 966 970 930 891 954 80 and above Number (in Million) 8 9 11 16 23 32 Percentage to the total population 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 Sex Ration(males per 1000 females) 1051 884 866 843 774 732 Note: According to the 2001 Census, India was administratively divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union Territories 4 India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Annual Report 2011-12, p. 204 5 Ibid 6 Op.cit., Social Security for the Elderly, p. 43

-4- PROBLEMS OF THE ELDERLY Though ageing is the natural stage of human life, it brings with it innumerable problems for the people who have grown old. A detailed analysis of the major problems of the aged in the light of the findings from various studies is explained below: Economic Problems: As far as economic problems are concerned, they are very basic to all the other problems faced by the aged. With superannuation, a person has to retire from the service, which not only results in loss of employment and social status but also a substantial reduction in his income level. Majority of the elderly face acute financial problems, which makes older persons economically insecure. Physiological Problems: With growing age, older persons experience various anatomical and physiological changes. These changes bring many psychological, behavioral and attitudinal changes in them. Consequently, they have to suffer varied sorts of physiological problems such as loss of physical strength and stamina, which become more acute as a person grows older. Housing related Problems: Housing for the aged should be suitable not only to the living pattern which they have established in optimum health, but also to conditions of failing health and illness, commonly associated with later years of life such as, failing eye sight of hearing, slowing and unsureness of step, diminishing energy and more acute disabilities, such as blindness, forgetfulness etc. On this pattern, the housing available to a majority of the senior citizens may be found inappropriate and unsuitable to their requirement. The sizeable populations of older widows as well as the older males have been facing the problem of where to live peacefully. Problem of Elder Abuse: Elder abuse is usually defined as any ill treatment to an older person. It refers to infliction of physical, emotional or psychological harm on an older adult. Around 81 per cent of the elderly persons face the problem of verbal abuse, while 53 per cent of them face neglect followed by material abuse (37 per cent) and physical abuse (23 per cent) 7. 5. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Article 41 of the Constitution provides that the State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want. Article 47 provides that the State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among 7 Social Welfare, October 2010, pp. 5-8

-5- its primary duties 8. 6. LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS National Council for Older Persons The National Council for Older Persons (NCOP) was constituted in 1999 under the Chairpersonship of the Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment. The NCOP is the highest body to advise the Government in the formulation and implementation of policy and programmes for the aged. The Council was re-constituted in 2005 with members comprising Central and State Governments representatives, representatives of NGOs, Citizen s Groups, retired person s associations, and experts in the field of Law, Social Welfare, and Medicine. Inter-Ministerial Committee on Older Persons An Inter-Ministerial Committee on Older Persons comprising twenty-two Ministries/ Departments, and headed by the Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment is another coordination mechanism in implementation of the National Policy on Older Persons (NPOP). Action Plan on ageing issues for implementation by various Ministries/Departments concerned is considered from time to time by the Committee. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 was enacted in December 2007 to ensure need based maintenance for parents and senior citizens and their welfare. The Act provides for:- Maintenance of Parents/ senior citizens by children/ relatives made obligatory and justiciable through Tribunals Revocation of transfer of property by senior citizens in case of negligence by relatives Penal provision for abandonment of senior citizens Establishment of Old Age Homes for Indigent Senior Citizens Adequate medical facilities and security for Senior Citizens 9 8 Op.cit., Situation Analysis of the Elderly in India, p. 22 9 Ibid, pp. 23-24

-6-7. INITIATIVES BY NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (NHRC) The Ministry of Social Justice had constituted the National Council for Older Persons (NCOP) on 11 January 1999 in which a representative from National Human Rights Commission was inducted as a member. In its meeting held on 8 March, 2002, the Commission noted the details of the implementation of the Old Age Pension Scheme by the Central and the State Governments and appointed Shri K. B. Saxena, IAS (Retd.), former Advisor, Planning Commission for an in-depth study and recommendations. Shri Saxena submitted his report to the Government and the same was published by NHRC in October 2007. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment reconstituted the Council on 1 August 2005, which presently, has 15 official members and 33 non-official members 10. 8. POLICIES/SCHEMES /PROGRAMMES FOR WELFARE OF THE ELDERLY (i) National Policy on Older Persons The National Policy on Older Persons was announced by the Government in January 1999 which envisages State support to ensure financial and food security, health care, shelter and other needs of older persons to improve the quality of their lives. The salient features of the Policy are: to encourage individuals to make provision for their own as well as their spouse`s old age; to encourage families to take care of their older family members; to enable and support voluntary and non-governmental organizations to supplement the care provided by the family; to provide care and protection to the vulnerable elderly people; to provide adequate healthcare facility to the elderly; to promote research and training facilities to train geriatric care givers and organizers of services for the elderly; and to create awareness regarding elderly persons to help them lead productive and independent life 11. 10 Ibid, p.19 11 Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 117 dated 5.3.2013

-7- (ii) Central Sector Scheme of Integrated Programme for Older Persons (IPOP) An Integrated Programme for Older Persons (IPOP) is being implemented since 1992 with the objective of improving the quality of life of senior citizens by providing basic amenities like shelter, food, medical care and entertainment opportunities and by encouraging productive and active ageing through providing support for capacity building of Government/ Non-Governmental Organizations/Panchayati Raj Institutions/ local bodies and the Community at large. Under the Scheme, financial assistance up to 90% of the project cost is provided to non-governmental organizations for establishing and maintaining old age homes, day care centres and mobile medicare units (see Annexure III) 12. (iii) National Programme for Health Care for Elderly (NPHCE) NPHCE was implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare from the year 2010-11 with an approved outlay of Rs.288 crore for the remaining period of the 11 th Five Year Plan. The Ministry also provides the following facilities for senior citizens: Separate queues for older persons in government hospitals. Geriatric clinic in several government hospitals (see Annexure III) 13. (iv) Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) IGNOAPS was implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development under which Central assistance is given towards pension @ Rs. 200/- per month to persons above 60 years and @ Rs.500/- per month for senior citizens of 80 years and above belonging to a household below poverty line, which is meant to be supplemented by at least an equal contribution by the States 14. The Ministry of Rural Development constituted a Task Force under the Chairmanship of member, Planning Commission to prepare a proposal for a Comprehensive National Social Assistance Programme. The Task Force has considered various issues, demands and suggestions relating to pension schemes under NSAP. With effect from 1 July, 2013, the pension schemes under NSAP has been brought under the ambit of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), wherein the money is directly transferred into the bank account of beneficiaries. 121 Districts in 26 States/Union Territories were selected under Phase I and Phase II for implementation of the DBT. It has been decided to roll out DBT all over the country (see Annexure III) 15. 12 Situation Analysis of the Elderly in India, 2011, p. 24 13 India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Annual Report 2011-12, p. 210 14 Ibid, p. 211 15 Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1815 dated 26.8.2013

-8- (v) Separate Ticket Counters Separate ticket counters have been provided by the Ministry of Railways for senior citizens of age 60 years and above at various Passenger Reservation System centers if the average demands per shift is more than 120 tickets. The Ministry also provides the following facility to senior citizens: 30% and 50% concession have been provided in rail fare for male and female senior citizen respectively of 60 years and above respectively 16. (vi) Income Tax Exemptions Income Tax exemptions is provided to the senior citizens by the Ministry of Finance. Some other facilities provided by the Ministry are as under: Income tax exemption for Senior Citizens of 60 years and above up to Rs. 2.50 lakh per annum. Income tax exemption for Senior Citizens of 80 years and above up to Rs. 5.0 lakh per annum. Deduction of Rs 20,000 under Section 80D is allowed to an individual who pays medical insurance premium for his/ her parent or parents, who is a senior citizen. An individual is eligible for a deduction of the amount spent or Rs 60,000, whichever is less for medical treatment of a dependent senior citizen. (vii) Insurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA) IRDA which is working under the Ministry of Finance has issued instructions on health insurance for senior citizens to CEOs of all General Health Insurance Companies like: allowing entry into health insurance scheme till 65 years of age, transparency in the premium charged, reasons to be recorded for denial of any proposals etc. on all health insurance products catering to the needs of senior citizens. Likewise the insurance companies cannot deny renewability without specific reasons. 16 India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Annual Report 2011-12, p. 211

-9- to design their products in such a way that various options are available to policy holders so that those who are unable to pay can go for reduced premium with reduced sum assured. (viii) Pensions Portal A Pension Portal has been set up by the Department of Pensions, Government of India, to enable senior citizens to get information regarding the status of their application, the amount of pension, documents required, if any, etc. The Portal also provides for lodging of grievances. As per recommendation of the Sixth Pay Commission, additional pension will be provided as per details given below to older persons 17 : Age Group % pension to be added 80+ 20 85+ 30 90+ 40 95+ 50 100+ 100 (ix) Concessions in Airlines The National Carrier, Air India, provides concession up to 50% for male and female senior citizens of 63 years and above in air fares 18. 9. National Institute of Social Defence (NISD) The NISD is the nodal training and research institute in the area of social defence. The objective of the institute is to strengthen and provide technical inputs to the social defence programmes of the government of India and to develop and train the manpower resources required in the area of social defence. 10. Twelfth Five Year Plan and Senior Citizens The major focus in the Twelfth Plan will be the consolidation, expansion and strengthening of the various programmes into comprehensive coordinated system to fulfill the aspirations of these vulnerable sections of the society. A new National Policy on Senior Citizen will be formulated and implemented during the 12 th Plan period focussing on the various priority areas of the welfare of Senior Citizens. 17 Ibid, pp. 211-212 18 Ibid, p. 212

-10- With a view to ensure the well-being of senior citizen, by strengthening their legitimate place in society and extending support for financial and food security, health care, shelter, equitable share in development, protection against abuse and exploitation and other needs, efforts need to be made in the 12 th Five Year Plan for (i) setting up a National Commission for Senior Citizen to look into their grievances on priority for redressal and ensure that services and facilities meant for them are being provided; (ii) establishment of Old Age Homes for Indigent Senior Citizens with integrated multifacility centre of varying capacity in 640 districts of the country, through State Governments; (iii) setting up of a Hellene and District level help lines for older persons; (iv) setting up of Bureau for Socio-Economic Empowerment of Senior Citizens at district level; (v) creation of National Trust for the Aged; (vi) issue of Smart Identity Cards for senior citizens; and (vii) health insurance for senior citizens 19. Conclusion Health care services should be based on the felt needs of the elderly population, which would involve a comprehensive baseline morbidity survey and functional assessment in health areas that are perceived to be important to them. Education, training and information needs of older persons will also have to be met. The main thrust of welfare should be to identify the more vulnerable among the older persons such as the poor, the disabled, the infirm, the chronically sick and those without family support, and provide welfare services to them on a priority basis. Voluntary organizations will have to be encouraged and assisted to organize services such as day care, multi-service citizen s centres, outreach services, supply of disability related aids and appliances, assistances to old persons to learn to use them, short term stay services and friendly home visits by social workers. 19 India, Planning Commission, 12 th Five Year Plan 2012-2017, Vol. 3, pp. 270-271

State-wise Size of elderly population (aged 60+) as per Census, 2001 Annexures-I Sl. No. State/UT Number (in thousands) of persons aged 60 & above Rural Urban Total India 57445 19177 76622 1 Andhra Pradesh 4506 1282 5788 2 A& N Islands 13 4 17 3 Arunachal Pradesh 46 4 50 4 Assam 1361 199 1560 5 Bihar 4966 535 5501 6 Chandigarh 3 42 45 7 Chhattisgarh 1271 234 1504 8 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 7 2 9 9 Daman & Diu 4 4 8 10 Delhi 43 677 720 11 Goa 61 51 112 12 Gujarat 2319 1180 3499 13 Haryana 1192 392 1584 14 Himachal Pradesh 510 37 548 15 Jammu & Kashmir 515 160 675 16 Jharkhand 1275 304 1579 17 Karnataka 2890 1172 4062 18 Kerala 2479 857 3336 19 Lakshadweep 2 2 4 20 Madhya Pradesh 3265 1016 4281 21 Maharashtra 5709 2746 8455 22 Manipur 102 43 145 23 Meghalaya 86 20 106 24 Mizoram 26 23 49 25 Nagaland 81 9 90 26 Orissa 2684 355 3039 27 Puducherry 27 54 81 28 Punjab 1581 611 2192 29 Rajasthan 3025 786 3810 30 Sikkim 27 2 29 31 Tamil Nadu 3223 2285 5507 32 Tripura 191 42 233 33 Uttar Pradesh 9625 2025 11649 34 Uttarakhand 523 131 654 35 West Bengal 3808 1892 5700 Source: Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 117 dated 5.3.2013

-12- Annexures-II State-wise proposals received and assisted with respect to the Scheme of Integrated Programme for Older Persons S.No. Name of State/UT No. of ongoing proposals received/assisted 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Received Assisted* Received Assisted* Received Assisted* 1 Andhra Pradesh 159 119 119 142 119 116 2 Bihar 1 2 2 1 4 5 3 Chhattisgarh 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Gujarat 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Haryana 24 17 17 17 18 15 7 Himachal Pradesh 1 3 3 2 3 2 8 Jammu & Kashmir 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Jharkhand 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Karnataka 55 56 53 58 55 45 11 Kerala 3 9 3 3 3 0 12 Madhya Pradesh 5 3 4 4 9 4 13 Maharashtra 31 32 33 30 28 30 14 Orissa 99 103 81 114 96 100 15 Punjab 19 7 9 19 10 4 16 Rajasthan 6 5 2 3 4 1 17 Tamil Nadu 70 68 63 64 61 63 18 Uttar Pradesh 22 39 15 21 7 27 19 Uttarakhand 3 4 4 2 5 4 20 West Bengal 81 40 55 60 36 16 Union Territories 21 Delhi 2 13 3 13 3 6 22 Puducherry 3 0 0 0 0 0 23 A & N Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 Chandigarh 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 Lakshadweep 0 0 0 0 0 0 North Eastern Region 28 Arunachal Pradesh 0 1 1 0 0 1 29 Assam 30 29 27 21 19 21 30 Manipur 38 39 37 33 32 31 31 Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 Mizoram 2 0 2 2 2 0 33 Nagaland 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Sikkim 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Tripura 2 3 3 4 3 2 Total 658 595 538 615* 519 496 *includes pending proposals of previous years. Source: Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 4808 dated 234.2013

-13- Annexures-III Sl. No. Name of the State Statement showing State/UT-wise funds sanctioned/ released under the various Schemes during each of the last three years and current year National Programme for the Health Care for the Elderly (NPHCE) Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) Integrated Programme for Older Persons 2010-11 2011-2 2012-13 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13* 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 1. Andhra Pradesh 363.41 261.60 871.52 36443.00 39667.00 40949.02 39481.19 454.26 423.82 478.74 131.86 2. Arunachal Pradesh - - - 365.00 285.00 504.12 704.33 0.00 1.49 0.00 4.08 3. Assam 226.29 441.98 0.00 17265.00 16787.00 11207.50 15613.07 94.58 102.32 77.48 20.15 4. Chhattisgarh 181.22 125.74 229.20 15577.00 17952.00 23506.54 16848.01 5.08 7.76 9.03 12.22 5. Gujarat 234.77 418.40 225.44 7262.00 84.00 8998.00 11830.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6. Goa - - - 196.00 5871.00 129.00 292.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7. Haryana 78.34 344.54 0.00 3532.00 5324.00 6929.82 5469.18 74.40 56.73 50.73 16.61 8. Himachal Pradesh 121.06 198.96 0.00 2179.00 2828.00 2934.39 2162.24 0.00 9.51 4.99 6.10 9. Jammu & Kashmir 156.37 335.16 0.00 3322.00 2564.00 2372.00 2821.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10. Jharkhand 0.00 406.44 0.00 23606.00 18166.00 27728.08 18215.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11. Karnataka 316.21 586.02 0.00 31261.00 32296.00 39782.87 27632.08 213.10 233.40 237.03 139.51 12. Kerala 139.94 268.82 470.72 5943.00 6615.00 8594.37 9164.00 0.00 21.07 6.90 0.00 13. Madhya Pradesh 104.10 232.72 391.84 29747.00 34686.00 53973.36 37103.02 13.20 7.25 14.79 12.89 14. Maharashtra 218.61 237.80 426.96 41540.00 28573.00 20505.99 43866.00 47.07 99.05 133.32 127.66 15. Manipur - - - 2213.00 1126.00 1893.93 1044.22 118.74 140.73 121.67 94.12 16. Meghalaya - - - 830.00 1664.00 1486.49 1062.00 17. Mizoram - - - 578.00 750.00 792.78 580.31 1.29 0.00 6.18 0.00 18. Nagaland - - - 691.00 1164.00 1027.72 1048.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19. Orissa 86.82 223.88 374.56 22043.00 37288.00 51086.43 46014.70 330.19 355.50 356.90 134.45 20. Punjab 103.78 119.22 196.24 3769.00 4845.00 4414.00 4447.20 17.47 15.87 31.62 5.79 21. Rajasthan 288.05 209.60 711.20 15259.00 14507.00 25538.44 19333.96 16.66 14.89 8.89 0.00 22. Sikkim 65.22 137.81 0.00 530.00 422.00 455.53 236.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23. Tamil Nadu 105.54 279.20 344.16 28618.00 22876.00 31909.00 37461.40 260.32 263.80 242.14 232.84 24. Tripura - - - 3948.00 4370.00 3978.37 2946.85 10.85 13.75 10.81 4.61 25. Uttarakhand 94.02 50.32 81.04 4745.00 4562.00 7578.09 6108.75 0.00 12.01 5.87 23.22 26. Uttar Pradesh 0.00 0.00 1855.04 112302.00 110319.00 131679.43 111027.03 87.09 118.68 39.29 59.84 27. West Bengal 125.54 120.52 231.20 37384.00 39407.00 47504.93 50327.51 205.04 142.82 141.43 36.34 Union Territories 28. A & N Islands - - - 39.00 75.00 198.00 174.00 29. Chandigarh - - - 212.66 145.00 158.00 144.00 30. Delhi - - - 3995.98 3998.00 3709.00 3240.00 17.88 25.29 18.76 30.04 31. Dadra & Nagar Haveli - - - 96.00 215.00 238.00 204.00 32. Daman & Diu - - - 16.08 17.00 32.00 33.00 33. Lakshwadweep - - - 2.00 11.00 22.00 21.00 34. Puducherry - - - 264.00 739.00 682.00 656.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Expenditure 3260.86 5222.77 6855.84 515549.72 516200.00 659646.95 585950.22 1972.10 2067.47 1999.01 1112.77 * up to December 2012 **up to January 2013 Source: Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 117 dated 5.3.2013