Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016)

Occupational Snapshot 2016-2025 Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) The Asia Pacific Gateway Corridor (APGC) Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate, through middle managers, the overall operations of goods production, utility, transportation and construction companies. They formulate policies which establish the direction to be taken by these companies, either alone or in conjunction with other members of a board of directors. They work in establishments throughout the following industries: fishing, forestry, logging and agriculture; mining, oil and gas extraction; construction; transportation and warehousing; printing; manufacturing; and utilities. For more information, see Appendix A. Example Job Titles: Chief executive officer (CEO) manufacturing company Chief financial officer (CFO) urban transit system Corporate controller, logging company Executive vice-president railway General manager, trucking company President, residential construction company Regional vice-president, petroleum production company Vice-president, operations electric power company About this report Labour information is data about the supply of and demand for labour in key occupations, sectors, and regions of the economy. The Asia Pacific Gateway Skills Table (APGST) and its partners developed this report to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on employment needs over a 5- and 10- year forecast period, with a focus on Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities. Reports are also available covering regional and sector outlooks, as are Occupational Snapshots for an additional 33 occupations considered essential to the Asia Pacific Gateway Corridor (APGC). The snapshots contain detailed supply and demand information, highlights, and data tables. Reports can be found at lmionline.ca. This report provides in-depth information about Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) in the APGC that can be used to facilitate labour planning for decision-makers and employers, and can help workers make informed choices about their careers and futures. The APGST generates the information in these reports from a labour forecast based on three economic scenarios: the High Investment Scenario, Moderate Investment Scenario and Investment Scenario. The analysis that follows, unless otherwise indicated, is for the APGC as a whole and is based on a Moderate Investment Scenario, which includes projects that are underway as well as planned and likely to proceed. Provincial information is included for British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. For more information, see Appendix B. Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 1

Table of Contents About this report... 1 Executive Summary... 3 Key Facts 2016 2025... 4 HIRING DIFFICULTY INDEX... 4 LABOUR DEMAND... 5 Expansion... 6 LABOUR SUPPLY... 6 Replacement... 7 Base Supply... 7 New Supply... 8 The APGC Labour Market: Three Economic Scenarios... 11 Conclusions... 12 APPENDICES... 13 Appendix A Duties and Educational Requirements... 13 Appendix B Data Tables by Province and Economic Scenario... 14 The Asia Pacific Gateway Skills Table wishes to acknowledge the funding support from the Government of Canada s Sectoral Initiatives Program. -- The opinions and interpretations in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. Additional 2016 APGC LMI Products: Occupational Snapshots Regional Outlooks Sector Outlooks APGST LMI Backgrounder More information can be found at www.lmionline.ca or contact the Skills Table at info@apgst.ca or 604.684.1471. Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 2

Executive Summary BY THE NUMBERS 90% 8% 44% of new workers come from other occupations See page 10 for more information on Labour Force. of New Supply are from other countries See page 9 for more information on Immigration of today s Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities will leave the job by 2025 See page 7 for more information on Replacement. The demand for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities is expected to be in decline over the forecast period, starting in 2020. Starting in 2017, employers will face some in finding Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities to fill Job Openings. This will remain constant through the rest of the forecast period. Over the next 10 years, it is expected that: 8,140 Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities Job Openings will be created. Close to 44% of today s Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities, approximately 7,490, will retire and leave the labour by 2025. The number of Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities positions will increase by 5.5%. In the APGC, Replacement 1 will create the vast majority (92%) of Job Openings for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities. Expansion accounts for 8% of Job Openings, with 10% in the first 5 years. In Saskatchewan, Expansion or economic factors will reduce the number of Job Openings for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities by 25%. Replacement will be a significant driver of Job Openings in all four provinces. The 8,085 new Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities are forecast to be made up of: no New Entrants 680 workers new to Canada (8%) 7,275 workers coming from other occupations or other parts of the labour force (90%) 130 workers from provinces outside of the APGC (2%) 42% of Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities live in BC, 46% live in Alberta, 5% live in Saskatchewan and 8% live in Manitoba. 1 Workers who retire and leave the labour force and those who die. Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 3

Key Facts 2016 2025 This forecast provides important information about supply and demand for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities in the APGC and the four provinces that it covers. The first 5 years of the forecast show a growing economy, with the next 5 years showing many workers retiring from the 34 occupations in this forecast. The Asia Pacific Gateway Corridor is forecast to grow in the 10 years of the forecast as trade activity between North America and Asia continues to expand. This growth will increase the need for an available, well-trained workforce. The overall forecast shows stable but challenging conditions for employers looking to fill Job Openings for all 34 occupations starting in 2017, with Replacement generating increasingly more Job Openings in the second half of the forecast period. HIRING DIFFICULTY INDEX The Hiring y Index assesses the overall for employers who are trying to hire in the labour. It aggregates five metrics and combines them to provide a single measure that reflects the different interactions between the labour components. For example, the metrics can show the ratio of workers to Job Openings (the Market Tightness) as Tight, with International Reliance and Supply Lag and positive (i.e., workers are moving in), while the Loss of Experience is Moderate and the reliance on New Entrants is Extreme. This implies quite different labour conditions than a situation where the Market Tightness is Tightening (i.e., less difficult) but International Reliance is High, supply is growing much more slowly than Job Openings, and a high portion of current workers are to work in other provinces. For the majority of the forecast period, employers will face some in finding Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities to fill Job Openings (Table 1). Table 1 Hiring y Index 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Oversupplied 0-8 9-15 16-22 23-29 Extremely difficult 30+ Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 4

LABOUR DEMAND 5.5% increase in Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities positions between 2016 and 2025 Labour Demand is the number of jobs available for workers who have the skills and/or required certifications to be considered qualified to work in each occupation each year. Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities positions are forecast to increase by 920 over the 10-year forecast: 370 in BC 580 in Alberta A reduction of 35 in Saskatchewan 5 in Manitoba In the APGC, 8,140 Job Openings for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities are expected to be created from growth and retirements, with: 3,560 in BC 3,645 in Alberta 280 in Saskatchewan 650 in Manitoba These Job Openings will increase steadily from 2016 to 2018 and decline slowly from 2021 to 2025. BC shows a sharp drop in Job Openings in 2019, while the other three provinces show more stable growth to 2020 (Figure 1). 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 APGC British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Figure 1 Total Job Openings, APGC, Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 5

Expansion Expansion Demand is defined as the number of Job Openings in an occupation created by economic or business growth. In the APGC, Expansion accounts for 8% of Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities Job Openings over the entire forecast period, with 10% from 2016 to 2020. In BC, Expansion accounts for 9% of Job Openings, with 14% in the first 5 years. In Alberta, it is 10% over the forecast period and 7% in the first 5 years. In Manitoba, it is 3% over the forecast period and 10% in the first 5 years. Saskatchewan shows Expansion or economic factors reducing the number of Job Openings by 24% over the forecast period (Table 2). Table 2 Demand and Job Openings for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) Province Average Annual Number of Jobs Total Job Openings, 2016 2025 Jobs Created by Expansion, 2016 2020 Jobs Created by Expansion, 2021 2025 Expansion Demand as a % of Job Openings British Columbia 7,197 3,560 270 55 9% Alberta 7,930 3,645 125 245 10% Saskatchewan 830 280-20 -50-24% Manitoba 1,365 650 35-15 3% APGC 17,325 8,140 410 240 8% LABOUR SUPPLY 8% of the New Supply of Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities is from Immigration Labour Supply is the number of workers who have the skills and/or certifications to be qualified to work in each occupation each year, including those who are newly trained, have moved from other provinces or countries, or have moved from other occupations. In the APGC, labour supply is expected to grow by about 755 workers over the 10 years of the forecast, with: 340 in BC 450 in Alberta Decline by 40 in Saskatchewan Increase by less than 5 in Manitoba On average, Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities are 50 years old, with little variation between the provinces. Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 6

Replacement Replacement Demand is defined as the number of Job Openings created by workers who leave each occupation, and the labour as a whole, due to retirement or death each year. Replacement continues to be a significant driver of Job Openings, although its impact is declining as more workers remain in the workforce after the age of 65, and the impact of the baby boom generation moving out of the workforce lessens. In the APGC, Replacement will create 7,490 Job Openings over the 10 years of the forecast (Table 3). Table 3 Impact of Replacement on Job Openings Province Job Openings Created by Replacement, 2016 2020 Job Openings Created by Replacement, 2021 2025 % Job Openings Created by Replacement British Columbia 1,590 1,650 91% Alberta 1,580 1,695 90% Saskatchewan 170 175 124% Manitoba 315 315 97% APGC 3,655 3,835 92% Loss of Experience assesses the rate at which experienced workers are retiring in relation to the number of Job Openings. It is High in all years of the forecast (Table 4). Table 4 Loss of Experience Measure 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 High Medium High 35% of Job Openings represented by Replacement 35-70% of Job Openings represented by Replacement More than 70% of Job Openings represented by Replacement Base Supply Base Supply is a measure of the decline in the number of workers who are active in an occupation at the beginning of the forecast and subsequently leave due to Replacement over the forecast period. Base Supply is calculated as the total supply less the average number of unemployed workers, less Replacement from each year of the forecast. Base Supply calculations demonstrate the changes in each year of the forecast period to the cohort of workers as compared with the first year of the forecast. In the APGC, Base Supply is expected to decline by an average of 44% over the forecast period, with the decline higher in BC and Manitoba (Table 5). Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 7

Table 5 Changes to Base Supply Labour Supply Province Base Supply, 2016 Decline, 2016 2020 % Decline, 2016 2025 British Columbia 7,050-1,590-23% -3,240-46% Alberta 7,890-1,580-20% -3,275-42% Saskatchewan 855-170 -20% -345-41% Manitoba 1,380-315 -23% -630-46% APGC 17,170-3,655-21% -7,490-44% % New Supply New Supply is defined as the number of workers who are new to the occupation from Immigration, other provinces or regions, or other parts of the labour force, or who are New Entrants newly trained and new to the workforce. The Supply Lag Measure assesses the extent to which New Supply is keeping pace with Job Openings. It allows for an assessment of the extent to which conditions are tightening or loosening in the labour. Risk increases in 2017, declines in 2022, and remains low for the balance of the forecast period (Table 6). Table 6 Supply Lag Measure 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Medium Medium Count too small Job Openings or New Supply is less than 6 No New Supply New Supply is 0 or negative New Supply is 97% or more of Job Openings Medium New Supply is 93-97% of Job Openings High New Supply is 93% or less of Job Openings The forecast shows New Supply is keeping pace with Job Openings for the APGC and for BC and Manitoba. In Alberta, supply does not keep pace with Job Openings in the first five years, but stabilizes in the second half of the forecast (Table 7). Table 7 Labour Supply Characteristics, 2016 2025 Province Average Number of Qualified Workers New Entrants International Labour Force British Columbia 7,475 0 245 115 3,205 Alberta 8,260 0 290 70 3,245 Saskatchewan 855 0 40-15 250 Manitoba 1,415 0 105-40 580 APGC 18,000 0 680 130 7,275 Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 8

The composition of New Supply will change slightly over the forecast period, with increasing reliance on and a shrinking portion of the workforce coming from other countries (Figure 2). 2016 2025 0% 9% 1% 0% 8% 2% New Entrants International Labour Force 90% 90% Figure 2 Components of New Supply, Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities, APGC, 2016 and 2025 New Entrants (workers who are newly trained and new to the workforce) are forecast to represent none of the New Supply in the APGC. Immigration (workers coming from other countries) is expected to add 8% to the total New Supply of labour in the APGC. Provincially, Immigration represents: 7% in BC 8% in Alberta 15% in Saskatchewan 16% in Manitoba New Entrants refers to the number of graduates, from school or training programs, who are filling Job Openings. The number of New Entrants takes previous participation in the labour force into consideration. If a new graduate has never worked before, they would be counted as a New Entrant; if a new graduate worked 25% of the year prior to graduating, they would be counted as 0.75 of a New Entrant. The number of New Entrants may not match administrative data for graduates, as graduates do not always end up in the labour force. The International Reliance Measure assesses the extent to which the New Supply of workers is dependent on workers from other countries. Given that the levers that control Immigration are not in the control of employers, this measure provides insight into the potential for New Supply expectations to be influenced by changes in Immigration policy. Reliance on Immigration for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities is in every year except 2017 (Table 8). Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 9

Table 8 International Reliance Measure for Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Medium No New Supply None Medium High Extreme New Supply is 0 or negative International workers are not part of New Supply Less than 10% of New Supply represented by Immigration 10% to 25% of New Supply represented by Immigration 25% to 50% of New Supply represented by Immigration 50% or more of New Supply represented by Immigration (workers moving into the APGC from other provinces) will increase New Supply by 2%. Interprovincial : Accounts for 3% in BC Accounts for 2% in Alberta Reduces the workforce in Saskatchewan by 5% of New Supply Reduces the workforce in Manitoba by 6% of New Supply The Measure demonstrates the extent to which movement into or out of the province affects the supply of workers available to fill Job Openings. In every year except 2017, workers will be moving into the APGC (Table 9). Table 9 Measure 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Moving in Moving in Fewer jobs The number of positions (demand) has declined from the previous year No Job Openings There are 0 Job Openings No Net is 0 Moving in Workers are moving to the province 10% or less of workers Moderate 10% to 25% of workers High 25% to 50% of workers Extreme 50% or more of workers Labour Force (workers from other occupations and those returning to the labour force) will add the vast majority (90%) of Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities to the APGC. Provincially, Labour Force is: 90% in BC 90% in Alberta 90% in Saskatchewan 90% in Manitoba Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 10

The APGC Labour Market: Three Economic Scenarios The Investment Scenario is conservative. It includes projects that are underway or certain to proceed, for a total of $103.5B from 2016-2025. 22% of this investment is in BC, 49% is in Alberta, 13% is in Saskatchewan and 16% is in Manitoba. The Moderate Investment Scenario is the expected scenario. It adds projects that are planned and likely to proceed, for a total of $165.1B in investments from 2016-2025. 36% of this investment is in BC, 35% is in Alberta, 17% is in Saskatchewan and 11% is in Manitoba. The High Investment Scenario is optimistic. It adds projects that have been announced, but with more distant start dates or more regulatory approvals needed to proceed, for a total of $304.9B in investment from 2016-2025. 31% of this investment is in BC, 46% is in Alberta, 16% is in Saskatchewan and 6% is in Manitoba. The APGST generates the information in these reports from a labour forecast based on three economic scenarios: the High Investment Scenario, Moderate Investment Scenario and Investment Scenario. The analysis in this report is based on the Moderate Investment Scenario, unless otherwise indicated. In the APGC, the High Investment Scenario will generate a total of about 1,620 more Job Openings than the Investment Scenario (49%) in the first 5 years of the forecast (2016 to 2020). In the final 5 years (2021 to 2025), the Investment Scenario outperforms the High by just over 350 Job Openings, for a net effect that has the High Scenario generating about 1,270 more Job Openings than the. BC shows the largest scenario impact at 82% more Job Openings from the High Investment Scenario in the first five years and 28% more over the full 10 years. All four provinces show the Investment Scenario outperforming the High in the second half of the forecast. This is largely due to the economic impact of an overstimulated economy (Figure 3). Job Openings 500 400 300 200 100 0-100 -200-300 -400 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Moderate High Figure 3 Expansion Demand by Scenario, APGC, Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities, 2016-2025 Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 11

Conclusions The labour looks to have some for employers looking to fill Senior Manager Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities Job Openings over most of the 10 years of the forecast period, in the APGC as a whole as well as in BC and Manitoba. This is due to the loss of workers to retirement much more than it is to the demands for workers created by economic growth. In Saskatchewan and Manitoba, the conditions are somewhat more difficult; this is largely the result of the more challenging economics, and the drain of workers for other provinces. Employers can reduce the impacts of the forecast conditions by building programs and strategies to ensure an adequate labour supply. strategies to help employers gain access to workers and enhance productivity in this environment include: Developing retention and recruitment programs for experienced workers as central tools for expanding and maintaining a workforce Reviewing hiring and job requirements with a focus on transferability from other occupations and other sectors Developing programs aimed at retaining mature workers to help maintain corporate memory Examining workforce retention and recruitment programs for mature workers to extend the working lives of current employees Managing succession and building comprehensive succession plans and experienced worker retention programs to expand and maintain workforces Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 12

APPENDICES Appendix A Duties and Educational Requirements Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities perform some or all of the following duties: Establish objectives for the company and formulate or approve policies and programs Authorize and organize the establishment of major departments and associated senior staff positions Allocate material, human and financial resources to implement company policies and programs; establish financial and administrative controls; formulate and approve promotional campaigns; and approve overall personnel planning Select middle managers, directors or other executive staff Co-ordinate the work of regions, divisions or departments Represent the company, or delegate representatives to act on behalf of the company, in negotiations or other official functions Senior managers in this unit group may specialize in areas such as finance, ing or human resources or in a particular product area. Educational Requirements A university degree or college diploma in engineering, business administration, commerce or other discipline related to the company's product is usually required. Several years of experience as a middle manager in goods production, utilities, transportation or construction are usually required. Specialization in a particular functional area or product is possible through specific university or college training in that area or through previous experience. Senior managers in finance usually require a professional accounting designation. Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 13

Appendix B Data Tables by Province and Economic Scenario Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) Note: Market Tightness: Assesses the tightness of the labour ; i.e., the degree of difficulty an employer may experience in trying to hire into the occupation. 1 - Excess supply More than 60% higher than normal unemployment 2 - Balanced supply and demand Between 30-60% higher than normal unemployment 3 - Nearing a tight labour Between 0-30% higher than normal unemployment 4 - Excess demand, limited supply Below normal unemployment APGC, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 16,493 16,929 16,943 16,588 16,478 16,492 16,594 16,677 16,725 16,750 16,888 16,963 16,952 Expansion Demand 356 448 11-370 -118 11 101 82 45 23 139 74-15 Replacement Demand 674 689 707 719 719 723 727 733 738 742 745 750 754 Job Openings 1,030 1,137 718 349 602 734 828 816 784 765 884 824 739 Net New Positions - 436 14-355 -110 14 102 83 48 25 138 75-11 Labour Force Supply 17,040 17,454 17,671 17,447 17,347 17,339 17,409 17,475 17,512 17,530 17,636 17,707 17,695 Net New Supply 1,087 1,103 923 494 620 714 798 799 774 760 852 821 742 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 90 81 57 58 136 90 78 68 58 52 56 55 54 19 29 35-5 -74-19 2 12 19 24 29 27 20 Labour Force 978 993 831 441 558 643 718 719 697 684 767 739 668 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Moving in Moving in Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 14

APGC, Moderate Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 16,493 16,929 16,943 16,689 16,796 17,030 17,174 17,360 17,549 17,655 17,706 17,669 17,608 Expansion Demand 356 448 11-266 108 238 145 187 192 105 49-41 -67 Replacement Demand 674 689 707 719 721 729 739 747 755 763 769 773 775 Job Openings 1,030 1,137 718 453 829 967 884 934 947 868 818 732 707 Net New Positions - 436 14-254 107 234 144 186 189 106 51-37 -61 Labour Force Supply 17,040 17,454 17,671 17,508 17,568 17,740 17,859 18,004 18,164 18,264 18,320 18,309 18,264 Net New Supply 1,087 1,103 923 556 782 901 858 893 915 863 824 762 730 New Entrants - - - - - - - - - - - - - International 90 81 57 53 108 85 70 69 65 58 57 56 58 19 29 35 3-29 5 15 21 27 28 25 20 15 Labour Force 978 993 831 500 703 811 773 803 823 777 742 686 657 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag Medium Medium Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 15

APGC, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 16,493 16,929 16,943 17,058 17,511 17,838 18,032 18,158 18,231 18,261 18,100 17,989 17,918 Expansion Demand 356 448 11 116 465 334 197 126 70 27-170 -119-77 Replacement Demand 674 689 707 719 728 744 757 767 775 781 786 786 786 Job Openings 1,030 1,137 718 834 1,193 1,077 954 893 845 808 616 667 709 Net New Positions - 436 14 115 453 327 194 126 73 30-161 -111-71 Labour Force Supply 17,040 17,454 17,671 17,751 18,081 18,349 18,524 18,644 18,727 18,776 18,691 18,621 18,572 Net New Supply 1,087 1,103 923 798 1,058 1,012 931 888 858 831 701 716 737 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 90 81 57 59 81 71 68 68 66 62 50 76 178 19 29 35 20 25 30 25 21 20 21 20-4 -104 Labour Force 978 993 831 719 952 911 838 799 772 748 631 644 663 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag Medium High Medium International Reliance Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High Medium Medium High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 16

BC, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 6,644 6,756 6,914 6,866 6,838 6,795 6,755 6,699 6,660 6,642 6,718 6,774 6,797 Expansion Demand 3 114 159-54 -33-49 -45-62 -44-22 75 54 20 Replacement Demand 309 307 308 313 312 313 313 313 313 312 311 313 315 Job Openings 312 421 468 258 279 264 268 251 269 290 387 367 334 Net New Positions - 112 158-48 -28-43 -40-56 -39-18 76 56 23 Labour Force Supply 6,957 7,031 7,204 7,171 7,163 7,147 7,130 7,091 7,048 7,011 7,051 7,088 7,095 Net New Supply 338 380 481 280 304 296 296 275 269 276 351 350 321 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 36 30 31 15 18 25 33 33 28 23 24 21 20-2 8 17 13 12 4-3 -5-1 5 11 14 12 Labour Force 304 342 433 252 274 267 266 247 242 248 316 315 289 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag High Medium High Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience High High Medium High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 17

BC, Moderate Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 6,644 6,756 6,914 6,895 7,023 7,169 7,159 7,194 7,288 7,333 7,340 7,301 7,264 Expansion Demand 3 114 159-24 129 147-14 32 94 42 4-44 -42 Replacement Demand 309 307 308 313 313 317 322 324 326 329 331 332 331 Job Openings 312 421 468 288 442 464 308 356 419 371 335 288 289 Net New Positions - 112 158-19 128 146-10 35 94 45 7-39 -37 Labour Force Supply 6,957 7,031 7,204 7,189 7,295 7,437 7,459 7,493 7,568 7,601 7,600 7,567 7,530 Net New Supply 338 380 481 298 419 458 343 358 400 361 330 299 295 New Entrants - - - - - - - - - - - - - International 36 30 31 16 23 29 26 32 31 25 21 19 21-2 8 17 14 19 17 8 4 9 11 12 11 9 Labour Force 304 342 433 268 377 412 309 322 360 325 297 269 265 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag High Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Loss of Experience High High Medium High High Medium High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 18

BC, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 6,644 6,756 6,914 7,122 7,472 7,655 7,695 7,680 7,686 7,668 7,556 7,468 7,415 Expansion Demand 3 114 159 212 359 185 37-19 2-23 -120-95 -58 Replacement Demand 309 307 308 313 317 326 333 337 339 340 341 340 338 Job Openings 312 421 468 524 676 511 371 318 340 318 221 245 280 Net New Positions - 112 158 208 350 183 40-15 6-18 -112-88 -53 Labour Force Supply 6,957 7,031 7,204 7,346 7,628 7,814 7,882 7,892 7,906 7,897 7,817 7,747 7,697 Net New Supply 338 380 481 455 599 512 401 347 353 331 262 269 289 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 36 30 31 21 24 24 26 29 31 28 21 21 23-2 8 17 25 36 27 14 6 4 5 5 6 6 Labour Force 304 342 433 409 539 461 361 312 318 298 236 242 260 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag High High High International Reliance Medium Loss of Experience High High Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 19

Alberta, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 7,634 7,911 7,821 7,559 7,502 7,554 7,670 7,803 7,892 7,956 8,024 8,049 8,018 Expansion Demand 298 286-93 -270-59 54 119 138 92 66 70 26-32 Replacement Demand 275 289 302 310 311 314 318 323 328 332 336 340 343 Job Openings 574 575 210 40 253 368 437 460 420 398 406 366 311 Net New Positions - 277-90 -262-57 52 116 133 89 64 68 25-31 Labour Force Supply 7,809 8,104 8,177 8,030 7,960 7,963 8,030 8,125 8,207 8,279 8,356 8,398 8,387 Net New Supply 600 584 376 163 241 317 384 417 409 405 414 383 331 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 34 33 12 29 105 45 27 21 18 17 19 20 20 26 26 26-13 -81-14 11 20 23 23 23 19 13 Labour Force 540 525 338 147 217 286 346 376 368 365 372 344 298 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 Moving in Moving in Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag Medium High High High International Reliance Medium High Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 20

Alberta, Moderate Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 7,634 7,911 7,821 7,601 7,575 7,657 7,790 7,943 8,048 8,131 8,190 8,204 8,182 Expansion Demand 298 286-93 -227-27 85 137 158 108 86 61 15-23 Replacement Demand 275 289 302 310 312 315 320 325 330 335 340 344 346 Job Openings 574 575 210 83 284 400 457 483 438 421 400 358 323 Net New Positions - 277-90 -220-26 82 133 153 105 83 59 14-22 Labour Force Supply 7,809 8,104 8,177 8,052 8,001 8,025 8,105 8,214 8,307 8,395 8,469 8,505 8,504 Net New Supply 600 584 376 184 261 340 399 435 423 423 414 380 346 New Entrants - - - - - - - - - - - - - International 34 33 12 26 71 43 28 23 19 19 20 20 21 26 26 26-8 -45-9 12 21 23 23 22 18 14 Labour Force 540 525 338 166 235 306 359 391 381 381 372 342 311 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Moving in Moving in Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag High High High High Medium International Reliance Medium High Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High High High High Medium High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 21

Alberta, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 7,634 7,911 7,821 7,717 7,769 7,882 8,019 8,159 8,237 8,316 8,324 8,328 8,322 Expansion Demand 298 286-93 -107 53 116 142 144 81 82 7 5-7 Replacement Demand 275 289 302 310 314 318 324 329 335 340 344 347 349 Job Openings 574 575 210 202 367 435 465 473 416 421 352 352 343 Net New Positions - 277-90 -104 52 113 137 140 78 79 8 4-6 Labour Force Supply 7,809 8,104 8,177 8,118 8,124 8,178 8,269 8,376 8,453 8,538 8,582 8,611 8,626 Net New Supply 600 584 376 251 319 373 415 435 412 426 387 376 365 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 34 33 12 25 40 32 27 24 21 21 20 20 22 26 26 26 0-8 6 14 19 20 22 19 17 15 Labour Force 540 525 338 226 287 335 374 392 371 383 348 339 328 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 2 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 Moving in Moving in Moving in No Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Moving in Supply Lag High High High High International Reliance Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High High High Medium Medium High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 22

Saskatchewan, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Oversupplied Employment 869 943 865 817 802 808 823 826 824 814 809 805 801 Expansion Demand 14 76-80 -49-15 7 15 4-3 -10-5 -4-4 Replacement Demand 32 33 35 34 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 Job Openings 46 109-45 -15 18 40 49 38 32 24 30 31 30 Net New Positions - 74-78 -48-15 6 15 3-2 -10-5 -4-4 Labour Force Supply 886 950 897 851 837 841 853 855 853 844 839 835 830 Net New Supply 47 97-19 -11 19 38 45 37 32 27 30 31 30 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 5 11-3 5 6 11 7 4 3 3 3 4 4 0-2 1-2 -4-7 -3 0 0 0 0-1 -1 Labour Force 42 88-17 -14 17 34 41 33 29 24 27 28 27 Average Age 49 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 No Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Moderate No No No No Fewer jobs Supply Lag High Medium High International Reliance Medium Medium No New Supply No New Supply Fewer jobs High High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium High High Medium High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 23

Saskatchewan, Moderate Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 869 943 865 836 843 842 850 845 833 820 809 802 799 Expansion Demand 14 76-80 -29 7 0 8-6 -12-13 -12-7 -3 Replacement Demand 32 33 35 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Job Openings 46 109-45 5 41 34 43 29 23 22 23 28 32 Net New Positions - 74-78 -29 7-1 8-5 -12-13 -11-7 -3 Labour Force Supply 886 950 897 866 870 870 876 870 859 847 836 828 824 Net New Supply 47 97-19 5 37 35 40 30 24 24 23 27 30 New Entrants - - - - - - - - - - - - - International 5 11-3 1 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 5 5 0-2 1 0-2 -1-1 0-1 -1-2 -3-2 Labour Force 42 88-17 4 34 31 36 27 22 21 21 25 27 Average Age 49 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 No Moving in Supply Lag High International Reliance Medium Medium No New Supply No Count too small No Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 24

Saskatchewan, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Oversupplied Employment 869 943 865 853 896 914 913 907 890 866 822 802 792 Expansion Demand 14 76-80 -12 45 18-1 -6-17 -25-46 -21-10 Replacement Demand 32 33 35 34 34 36 37 37 37 37 36 35 35 Job Openings 46 109-45 22 79 53 36 31 20 12-9 15 25 Net New Positions - 74-78 -12 43 18-1 -6-17 -24-44 -20-10 Labour Force Supply 886 950 897 880 915 930 929 924 909 889 850 831 821 Net New Supply 47 97-19 17 69 51 36 32 22 17-3 16 24 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 5 11-3 2 7 4 3 3 2 2-1 24 124 0-2 1-1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0-22 -122 Labour Force 42 88-17 16 62 46 32 28 20 15-2 14 22 Average Age 49 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 No Moving in Fewer jobs No Moving in Moving in Moving in No Supply Lag High High High Medium International Reliance Medium Medium No New Supply No Medium Medium Medium No Count too small Fewer jobs Loss of Experience Medium High Medium Medium High High High High High High No New Supply Extreme Fewer jobs Medium Extreme Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 25

Manitoba, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,346 1,319 1,343 1,346 1,335 1,335 1,346 1,349 1,349 1,338 1,337 1,334 1,336 Expansion Demand 40-28 25 3-11 -1 11 3 0-11 -1-3 1 Replacement Demand 58 60 61 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 62 62 62 Job Openings 98 32 85 65 51 62 74 66 63 52 61 59 63 Net New Positions - -27 24 3-11 0 11 3 0-11 -1-3 2 Labour Force Supply 1,388 1,369 1,393 1,394 1,386 1,387 1,397 1,404 1,405 1,395 1,391 1,386 1,384 Net New Supply 101 42 84 62 56 63 72 69 65 53 57 58 60 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 15 7 17 9 8 8 10 10 10 9 10 11 10-5 -3-9 -3-2 -2-3 -3-3 -4-5 -5-4 Labour Force 91 38 76 56 50 57 65 62 58 48 52 52 54 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 Fewer jobs Moderate Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag Medium Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium High High High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 26

Manitoba, Moderate Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,346 1,319 1,343 1,356 1,356 1,362 1,375 1,378 1,380 1,371 1,367 1,362 1,362 Expansion Demand 40-28 25 14 0 6 14 2 2-9 -4-5 0 Replacement Demand 58 60 61 62 62 63 63 63 64 64 63 63 63 Job Openings 98 32 85 76 62 69 77 66 66 54 59 58 63 Net New Positions - -27 24 13 0 6 13 3 2-9 -4-5 0 Labour Force Supply 1,388 1,369 1,393 1,401 1,402 1,408 1,420 1,427 1,430 1,421 1,415 1,408 1,405 Net New Supply 101 42 84 69 64 69 75 70 67 56 57 57 60 New Entrants - - - - - - - - - - - - - International 15 7 17 10 9 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 11-5 -3-9 -3-2 -2-3 -4-4 -5-6 -6-5 Labour Force 91 38 76 62 57 62 68 63 60 50 51 51 54 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 Fewer jobs Moderate Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag High Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium High High High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 27

Manitoba, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,346 1,319 1,343 1,366 1,373 1,388 1,405 1,412 1,417 1,410 1,399 1,391 1,389 Expansion Demand 40-28 25 23 8 15 18 7 5-7 -11-8 -2 Replacement Demand 58 60 61 62 63 63 64 64 64 65 64 64 63 Job Openings 98 32 85 85 71 78 82 71 70 57 53 55 61 Net New Positions - -27 24 23 7 15 17 7 5-7 -11-8 -2 Labour Force Supply 1,388 1,369 1,393 1,407 1,415 1,428 1,443 1,453 1,458 1,452 1,441 1,433 1,428 Net New Supply 101 42 84 75 70 76 79 73 70 58 53 55 59 New Entrants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 International 15 7 17 11 10 11 12 12 12 11 10 10 9-5 -3-9 -4-3 -3-4 -5-5 -6-5 -4-3 Labour Force 91 38 76 68 63 68 71 66 63 53 48 49 53 Average Age 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Market Tightness 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Fewer jobs Moderate Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag High Medium Medium International Reliance Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium High High High High High High High High High High High High Senior Managers Construction, Transportation, Production and Utilities (NOC 0016) 28