Nuclear safeguards and security activities under Euratom research and training programme Symposium on International Safeguards Vienna, 23 October 2014 S. Abousahl European Commission, Joint Research Centre Nuclear Safety and Security Coordination
2 -JRC Euratom R&D and training programme -Example of scientific result /performance in safeguards -Synergies between security and safeguards -"R&D" international cooperation -International "technical cooperation" -Conclusions 2
JRC Euratom R&D and training programme 3 Horizon 2020 the Euratom Programme (Regulation (EURATOM) No 1314/2013) Euratom Research and Training Programme Years 2014-2018 Integral part of EC Horizon 2020 R&D programme General objective: Improve nuclear safety, security & radiation protection Contribute to the long-term decarbonisation of the energy system, in a safe, efficient and secure way 3
JRC Euratom R&D and training programme EURATOM direct actions (JRC) objectives within Horizon 2020: 1. Improve nuclear safety including: reactor and fuel safety, waste management & decommissioning, and emergency preparedness; 2. Improve nuclear security: nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation, combating illicit trafficking, nuclear forensics; 3. Raising Excellence in the nuclear science base for standardisation; 4. Foster knowledge management, education and training; 5. Support the policy of the Union on nuclear safety and security 4
JRC Euratom R&D and training programme Safety of Nuclear Fuels and Fuel Cycles JRC Euratom Programme 2014-2018 Nuclear Safeguards and Security Safety of Nuclear Reactors Emergency Preparedness and accident modelling Basic Research and Applications Waste management and decommissioning Knowledge Management, Training and Education 5
JRC Euratom R&D and training programme JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 6 Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation & security 1. develop enhanced methodologies and detection/verification methods and technologies to support the Community safeguards and strengthen international safeguards. 2. support the implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and Unionrelated strategies through analysis studies and follow-up of the technical evolution of export control regimes to support relevant Commission and Union services. 6
JRC Euratom R&D and training programme JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 7 Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation & security 3. Development and application of enhanced methods and technologies to prevent, detect and respond to nuclear and radioactive material misuse, including the qualification of detection technology and development of nuclear forensics for fighting against illicit trafficking within the global CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) framework. 7
JRC Euratom R&D and training programme JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 8 Education and Training, knowledge management Monitoring EU trends in human resources through its European Nuclear Human Resources Observatory Delivering dedicated nuclear training and education programmes in the field of Nuclear Safety and Security School including Safeguards Collaborations, PhD's, user access programmes to JRC facilities, in the field of: Basic research Materials research Nuclear data measurements Nuclear Safeguards Nuclear Security 8
Example of scientific result /performance in safeguards JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 9 European Commission Cooperative Support Programme (EC-SP) Established in 1981 Involved in altogether 132 tasks with currently 47 tasks ongoing Areas of research and development activity: Measurement technology Surveillance and containment Training courses and Information data treatment and evaluation JRC developments approved for IAEA safeguards use (category A equipment): COMPUCEA (COMbined Product for Uranium Concentration and Enrichment Assay) 3D Laser Range Finder Ultrasonic Seals Laser Item Identification System 3D Laser Surface Mapping of Canister Closure Welds Recently approved: Ultrasonic Optical Sealing Bolt 9
JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 10
Example of scientific result /performance in safeguards JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 11 Reentely aproved by IAEA as Ultrasonic Optical Bolt Seal New ultrasonic seal combined with fiber optics - recently developed Double security: Ultrasonic identification of seal Continuous verification of optical fiber integrity Fiber connected to electronic or passive seal In case of tampering, the fiber breaks and a remote alarm is triggered in real time After a successful field test, authorised as category A equipment in September 2014 Will be applied on Constor and Castor dry storage casks 11
Example of scientific result /performance in safeguards JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 12 3D Laser Surface Mapping of Canister Closure Welds 3D laser imaging technique - for containment and weld verification on containers with nuclear materials Opening of sealed container changes in 3D structure of the surface detected by 3D laser technique 12
Example of scientific result /performance in safeguards JRC Management Meeting, 17 July 2012 13 Safeguards - George Besse II George Besse II - gas centrifuged enrichment plant (France) EC communication system - capture data from all operator weighing systems and load cells equipping all the feed and withdrawal stations Data securely shared with EURATOM and IAEA inspectorates Operator - automatically provide Physical Inventory Verification (PIV) without any process disruption analysis data from the online mass spectrometers (automatic calculation of the U-235 mass balance) 13
Synergies between Nuclear Safeguards and Security at EC-JRC Safeguards Methodology Non Destructive Assay (NDA) Destructive Assay (DA) Containment Environmenta & l Sampling Surveillance Export Control Information Security Prevention Detection Response Design basis Procedures Remote monitoring / Physical protection Gamma and Inspections neutron alarms Passive and Test scenarios active detection Seals Cameras, 3D Laser Combined with Gamma/neutron for source localisation Satellite images Early warning Particle analysis, detection of undeclared activities Detection Open source information (early warning) Open source information (detection of undeclared activities) Identification Nuclear Response plans and Forensic: Combined with Nuclear categorisation Isotopes, mass, Gamma/neutron Forensic: Radioactivity Decision of Nuclear and impurities, age, for mapping the Isotopes, Targeting Monitoring & Support radioactive geo-location, dispersion of sizes, Technologies Dispersion in Systems materials / / radioactivity populations, the contamination contamination Environment level level Drills
Synergies between Nuclear Safeguards and Security at EC-JRC 15 Inside the EU - EU CBRN Action Plan Some of the actions (projects) are implemented by EC through JRC - CBRN Glossary (completed) - ITRAP+10 (Illicit Trafficking radiation Assessment program) (phase 1 finalised; phase 2 started 1/1/2014)* - Performance of vehicle portal monitor under environmental conditions (on-going) - EUSECTRA (Security Training Centre) (completed)* - Virtual Reality Training (on-going)* - Local atmospheric dispersion for CBRN (on-going) - Nuclear Forensics (on-going)* - Improvement of IAEA ITDB (on-going project) *Clear synergies with Nuclear Safeguards 15
Synergies between Nuclear Safeguards and Security at EC-JRC 16 EC Security research programme Example: SCINTILLA project (Detection) January 2012, 9 organizations from France, Italy, Hungary, Germany, Belgium, United Kingdom and JRC Provide usage specific detection solutions in form of devices targeted at difficult to detect radioactive sources and nuclear materials Provide SCINTILLA Toolbox in form of sensor sub-systems based on new and / or improved technologies for the detection of difficult to detect radioactive and nuclear materials
R&D international cooperation on Nuclear Safeguards and Security 17 Cooperation with US DoE U.S/Euratom Established Cooperation in 1958 / Safeguards Cooperation Agreements signed in 1982 and 1995 /Safeguards and Security Agreement signed in November 2010 Ongoing projects Enhanced Data Authentication System Integration of 3D-Laser System with Gamma Imaging Gamma Ray Simulator (Pu and U) U Particle Reference Material Development He-3 Alternatives Spent Fuel Measurements Forensics Export control Trainings Outreach : Workshops on support to African partners countries 17
R&D international cooperation on Nuclear Safeguards and Security 18 Cooperation with JAEA (Japan) Cooperation on: Neutron Resonance Densitometry Method Information Exchange on Nuclear Forensics Nuclear Forensics Uranium Age determination Information Exchange on work relevant for CLEAR lab Nuclear Safeguards Training Nuclear Security Training 18
R&D international cooperation on Nuclear Safeguards and Security 19 Cooperation with JAEA (Japan) Agreement on Nuclear Materials Safeguards Research (1990) amendments (2006, 2011) Example: Post-Fukushima method development - Fuel partially or entirely melted down - Ordinary material accounting and control methods cannot be applied - Development of Neutron Resonance Densitometry (NRD) to identify and quantify special nuclear material using linear accelerator facility at JRC IRMM Geel - Ultimate goal NRD facility at Fukushima 19
International technical cooperation 20 20
International technical cooperation 21 - Outside the EU, Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States, TACIS (1994-2006) Safeguards outreach Projects to be ended by end of 2014 Task A: Improvement of accountancy and control of hold-up and waste in RT-1 plant at Mayak Task B: testing laboratory at VNIIA for certification of NMAC instruments Task C: Development and introduction of modern sealing devices at Rosatom s enterprises Task D: Analytical and metrological support on NMAC, Bochvar institute Task E: NMAC applied to naval spent fuel in North West Russia / Andreeva Bay Task G: Improvement of the NMAC system at the Russian NPPs (Kursk and Kalinin NPPs) Task J: Enhancement of Nuclear Materials Accountancy and Control at NPP Medzamor Task K: Enhancing the capability for analysis of seized nuclear materials and radioactive substances by the main expert organization of Ukraine Task N: Sustainability of UrSiMRC. Support to a training centre in Snezhinsk 21
International technical cooperation 22 Outside the EU Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation (2007-2013), (2014-2020) Specific objectives: 1.Promotion of an effective nuclear safety culture 2.Responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste 3.Establishment of framework and methodologies for application of efficient and effective safeguards of nuclear material in third countries 2011 Annual Action Programme Strengthening Safeguards Capabilities of ABACC (Brazil/Argentina) Provision of a 3DLR, for Design Information Verification (DIV) Provision of an Ultrasonic Sealing System for difficult access spent fuel 2014-2020: Important budget dedicated to nuclear safeguards (Partner Countries/projects are under discussion) 22
International technical cooperation 23 Outside the EU Instrument for Stability (2007-2013) and Instrument Contributing to Stability and Peace (2014-2020) EU CBRN Risk Mitigation Centres of Excellence Initiative - Launched in 2010 - Aims at strengthening national CBRN policies and capabilities in partner countries (47 partner countries, 8 regions) - Promoting national, regional and international cooperation in CBRN risk mitigation area methodology, tailored projects - Technical scope of projects awareness raising, strengthening legislative framework, provision of training and detection equipment, nuclear forensics 23
Conclusions 24 Nuclear safeguards and security activities under Euratom research and training programme: - Support to the implementation of Euratom safeguards system - Support to IAEA (implementation of the European Commission cooperative support programme) - currently 46 ongoing research and development tasks - IAEA 6 category A equipment developed by JRC - R&D International cooperation - sharing resources, effectiveness,.. - International technical cooperation - outreach/technical support to partner countries - international coordination with key actors - Ensure synergies between safeguards and security - R&D - technical support /outreach 24