The Republic of Uganda KOBOKO DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2010/11-2014/15) STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK VOLUME I i
As approved by District Council in their sitting on 27 th April 2011 Annual work plan for financial year 2012/13 as approved by council on 28 th June 2012 ii
Table of Contents Foreword... iii Acknowledgement... v Abbreviations... vi Executive Summary... viii Executive Summary... 1 CHAPTER 1: SITUATION ANALYSIS... 1 1.1 Introduction and Situational Analysis... 1 1.2 Basic Facts on Koboko District... 3 1.2.1 Location Koboko District... 3 1.2.2 Political and administrative structures... 4 1.2.3 Population... 5 1.2.4 Topography... 7 1.2.5 Soils and hydrology... 7 1.2.6 Climate... 8 1.2.7 Vegetation... 8 1.2.8 Livelihood analysis... 8 1.3 Cross cutting issues... 9 1.3.1 Gender... 9 1.3.2 Environment... 12 1.3.3 Poverty... 13 1.3.4 HIV/AIDS... 17 1.4 Physical Planning Issues... 18 1.4.1 Causes of physical planning problems... 18 1.3.2 Impact of the Problems... 19 1.5 SWOT/POCC Analysis... 19 1.5.1 Strengthens... 19 1.5.2 Weaknesses... 19 1.5.3 Opportunities... 20 1.5.4 Threats... 21 1.5.5 Strategies to Minimize Weaknesses and Threats... 21 1.6 How Plan was developed... 22 1.7 Mentoring... 23 CHAPTER 2: OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGY OF THE PLAN... 24 2.1 Strategic Development Direction... 24 2.1.1 Koboko District Vision... 24 2.1.2 The District Mission.... 24 2.1.3 Strategic Objectives of the Development Plan... 24 2.2 Strategies for achieving the development objectives... 27 2.3 NGO Interventions in Koboko District... 29 CHAPTER 3: PERFORMANCE REVIEW... 31 3.1 Budget Out turn... 31 3.2 Implementation of Previous Financial Year s Development plan. 37 3.2.1 Administration..37 i
3.2.2 Statutory Bodies... 38 3.2.3 Production and Commercial Services... 39 3.2.4Health Services... 46 3.2.6 Education and Sports... 57 3.2.7 Works... 58 3.2.8 Community Based Services... 61 3.3.9 Finance and Planning... 66 3.3 Constraints Faced in Implementing Plans by Sector... 70 3.3.1 Management and administration... 70 3.3.3 Statutory Bodies... 70 3.3.4 Production and Commercial Services... 71 3.3.5 Health Services Delivery... 71 3.3.6 Education... 72 3.3.7 Works... 72 3.3.8 Natural Resources... 73 3.3.9 Community Based Services... 74 3.3.10 Planning Unit... 74 CHAPTER 4: DEVELOPMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION... 76 4.1 Five-Year District Development budget... 76 4.2 Five -year Sectoral Plans... 79 4.2.1 Management and Administration... 79 4.2.2 Statutory Bodies... 81 4.2.3 Production and Commercial Services... 81 4.2.5 Education and Sports... 86 4.2.6 Works... 88 4.2.7 Natural Resources... 90 4.2.8 Community Based Services... 94 4.2.9 Finance and Planning... 99 4.3 Action plans for 2011/2012... 112 4.3 Monitoring and Evaluation of each sector activity... 114 CHAPTER 5: ANNUAL WORKPLANS AND BUDGETS... 122 CHAPTER 6: PROJECT PROFILE...123 ii
Foreword This is the sixth revised Koboko District Development Plan (DDP) since the creation of the district. The plan presents continued commitment of the District in building partnership with the Central Government and other partners to create wealth for all to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger from the face of the District in the current decade. The DDP expresses the desires and aspirations of the people of Koboko and how they intend to mobilize internal and external resources to reach their desired development destiny. The aspiration of my government and that of the entire Koboko community is embodied in our vision to have a Wealthy, Health, Knowledgeable and peaceful people by 2017. In order to attain this vision the District is guided by its mission; to increase and sustain quality socio-economic services and create prime conditions for peace, good governance and development. The review of the DDP has taken stock of the main achievements made in the past financial years and the strategic and operational challenges faced in managing development in the District. A lot of progress has been made through the various government programmes in increasing access to primary education, primary health care, safe water and sanitation, agricultural production, roads and community based services with some hiccups still in increasing the pass rates in primary and secondary education. Despite the achievements made, the district still grapples with the increasing and daunting challenges of poverty characterised by food insecurity, low households incomes, limited access to social services, poor governance, low capacity of local private sector, HIV/AIDs pandemic, unemployment and high illiteracy. The plan is aimed at consolidating the achievements so far made and finding realistic strategies to address the gaps existing and mitigate the adverse effects these impediments have on sustainable service delivery to improved livelihood and prosperity for all in the district. I am pleased to acknowledge that the DDP has become an important vehicle for policy coherence. This has been manifested through the wide consultative process that it takes to involve many stakeholders including development partners and civil society. My government is committed to effectively operate and maintain the completed facilities in a manner that it can serve the future generation. iii
This requires technical knowledge and physical presence in the communities where these projects are located. I implore all stakeholders to embrace this strategic framework and direction in any available resource allocation and utilization to reach our desired destiny. I, therefore, commend this 2010/11-14/15 five-year development plan for funding and implementation. William Dada Chairman Koboko District Local Council iv
Acknowledgement I am pleased to have presided over the process of preparing the five-year Development Plan (2010/11-2014/15) for Koboko District. This District Development Plan (DDP) is people focussed and was prepared in a participatory manner evolving from the communities. Despite the scarcity of resources, the plan is envisaged to transform the livelihoods of the people of Koboko District. The plan strategic framework for resource allocation and utilization as we fight the biting poverty and hunger in the District in order to achieve the National objective to create wealth for all in the medium term. I am grateful to the District Technical Planning Committee which I chair for tirelessly attending the planning meetings and consolidating their sector Plans for inclusion into the overall DDP. During the planning process, the DTPC constituted themselves into Sector Working Groups (SWGs) which ably incorporated the concerns and plans of our development partners from the NGOs/ CBOs Community. It is my pleasure to sincerely thank all those NGOs/ CBOs whose representatives participated actively in reviewing the Sector Plans. Others submitted their work plans and budgets for inclusion in this document. I sincerely thank the District Budget Desk for providing the required technical guidance and facilitation throughout the process including the compilation of the Sectoral drafts into this DDP. I am indebted to the Honourable District Councillors for their valuable contribution into the DDP during the sectoral committee meetings and approval session. I commend the District Council for fulfilling its statutory function of discussing the document and duly approving it as a working document. We received substantial support from the Central Government. The Ministries did not only provide us with Policy guidelines but also the indicative Planning Figures for setting the District priorities and activities for intervention. Makumbi Henry Harrison Chief Administrative Officer Koboko v
Abbreviations ACAO Assistant Chief Administrative Officer AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ARV Anti retroviral BFP Budget Framework Paper CAO Chief Administrative Officer CAP Community Action Plan CBG Capacity Building Grant CBMIS Community Based Management Information System CBO Community Based Organization CC Contracts Committee CDA Community Development Assistant CDD Community Driven Development CDO Community Development Officer CEFORD Community Empowerment for Rural Development CFO Chief Finance Officer CG Conditional Grant CSO Civil Society Organization(s) DAO District Agricultural Officer DDP District Development Plan DEO District Environmental Officer or District Education Officer DPU District Planning Unit DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DSC District Service Commission DTPC District Technical Planning Committee FAL Functional Adult Literacy FDS Fiscal Decentralization Strategy FY Fiscal year / Financial year HC IV Health Centre Four. HIV/AIDS Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HRM Human Resource Management IGA Income Generating Activities KOCISONET Koboko Civil Society Organizations Network KDLG Koboko District Local Government LC Local Council LDF Local Development Fund LGA Local Governments Act LGBFP Local Government Budget Framework Paper LGDP Local Government Development Programme II LGMSD Local Government Management and Service Delivery LGs Local Governments LLG Lower Local Governments vi
MAAIF MAYANK MDGs MFPED MGLSD MoH MIS MoLG MWLE NAADS NARO NDP NEMA NGO NPA NRM NSCG NURP NUSAF PAC PAF PDU PEAP PHC PMA PMTCT PRA PRDP RDC SACCOS SFG STDs STPC SWG TC UBOS UCDA UG UNCDF UNDP UNHCR UNSAID UPE USE WFP Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries Moyo, Adjumani, Yumbe, Arua, Nebbi and Koboko Millennium Development Goals Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development Ministry of Gender, Labor and Social Development Ministry of Health Management Information System Ministry of Local Government Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment National Agriculture Advisory Service National Agricultural Research Organization National Development Plan National Environmental Management Authority Non-Government Organization National Planning Authority Natural Resource Management Non-Sectoral Conditional Grant Northern Uganda Reconstruction Programme Northern Uganda Social Action Fund Public Accounts Committee Poverty Action Fund Procurement and Disposal Unit Poverty Eradication Action Plan Primary Health Care Plan for Modernization of Agriculture Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Participatory Rural Appraisal Peace, Recovery and Development Programme Resident District Commissioner Savings and Credit Cooperative Society Schools Facility Grant Sexual transmitted Diseases Sub-county Technical planning Committee Sector Working Group Town Council or Town Clerk Uganda Bureau of Statistics Uganda Coffee Development Authority Unconditional Grant United Nations Capital Development Fund United Nations Development Programme United Nations High Commission for Refugees United States Agency for International Development Universal Primary Education Universal Secondary Education. World Food Programme vii
Executive Summary This District Development Plan is Strategic Development Framework of Koboko that sets the development course that the District and her development partners will take to pursue her mission. The framework is founded on five key principles as the basis for guiding the stakeholders to assess the right focus and course of action: Firstly, it is borne out of the priority development problems of the district. Secondly, it is guided by the vision of the district. Thirdly, the development framework is geared towards supporting the national development strategy of eradicating hardcore poverty by year 2017 as spelt in the PEAP. Fourthly, it is geared towards attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and prosperity for all strategy. Finally, the DDP is still informed by Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) although the PEAP is phasing out. Soon National Development Plan (NDP) will replace the PEAP. Key Development Problems The core problems that are hindering the development of the district that the DDP attempts to address are: d) Food insecurity: Food insecurity is becoming an annual occurrence particularly in the months of May, June and July. This has been attributed to delay in first rains and failure of the crops in first season. The early challenge of farmers concentrating of tobacco, a destructive practice is now declining as most of the farmers are embracing the NAADS programme of food cultivation. b) Low household incomes: The low household incomes are partly a result of failure of crops as most households rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. In addition, the purchasing power of the community is very low, thus operating micro-enterprises becomes unprofitable. c) Inadequate access to social services: Access to basic services like primary education, primary health care, water and sanitation is very low. The available health facilities are not fully operational as ought. d) Accelerating environmental degradation: The escalating population growth of Koboko is putting strains on the existing natural resources. The tree cover is fast disappearing towards the northern parts of the district. The southern and central parts are now devoid of natural trees. Yet over 98% of the population is dependant on the trees for their fuel requirement. viii
Likewise, the river banks are being encroached unsustainably for cultivation. e) Poor governance: Transparency and accountability particularly to the beneficiary communities have become increasingly very crucial in the current development paradigms. Although the district has performed very well in service delivery, it is not immune to challenges of corruption related to provision of information to the communities. f) Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic: The details of this problem are discussed in a later section. However, the location of Koboko is prime condition for the spread of HIV/AIDS in the district. If not checked the population is prone to the scourge. g) Unemployment and underemployment: The number of people, particularly youths, who are searching for jobs and have not found any are alarmingly on the increase. There is no official figure to explain the magnitude of the problem, but the very many visibly idle youths in Koboko town attests to this. h) High population growth rate: Koboko s population growth rate of 5.6% is notoriously very high. This undermines all efforts to increase access to services additional demands emerge every year. The rate at which services are increasing is very less than the rate of population growth. District Vision The vision of Koboko district is a wealthy, healthy, knowledgeable and peaceful people by 2017. Mission Statement To be able to drive the society towards the district vision, Koboko district is committed its mission to increase and sustain quality socio-economic service delivery and create prime conditions for peace, good governance and development. District Strategic Objectives 1. To have at least 80% of the households food secure throughout the year for the next five years of the planning period. 2. To Increase access to quality social services like education, primary health care, water and sanitation to at least a third of the population in Koboko by 2017. ix
To offer support to creation and strengthening of Saving and credit cooperative societies (SACCOS) in all the sub-counties including the new ones by 2011 in order to increase household incomes 3. To reduce rate of environmental degradation and increase forest recover to 13% in five years from the current 9%. 4. To promote and sustain good governance in all the departments and sub-counties by 2017 for increased serve delivery. 5. To reduce HIV/AIDs prevalence rate from the current estimate of and mitigate the social impact on the affected and infected persons. 6. Reduce the population growth rate from 5.6% to national average of 3.27% by the year 2017. x
Executive Summary This District Development Plan is Strategic Development Framework of Koboko that sets the development course that the District and her development partners will take to pursue her mission. The framework is founded on five key principles as the basis for guiding the stakeholders to assess the right focus and course of action: Firstly, it is borne out of the priority development problems of the district. Secondly, it is guided by the vision of the district. Thirdly, the development framework is geared towards supporting the national development strategy of A transformed Ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country within 30 years. Fourthly, it is geared towards attainment of the growth, employment and socio economic transformation for prosperity. Finally, the DDP is still informed by National Development Plan (NDP) which has replaced the PEAP. Key Development Problems The core problems that are hindering the development of the district that the DDP attempts to address are: a) Food insecurity: Food insecurity is becoming an annual occurrence particularly in the months of May, June and July. This has been attributed to delay in first rains and failure of the crops in first season. The early challenge of farmers concentrating of tobacco, a destructive practice is now declining as most of the farmers are embracing the NAADS programme of food cultivation. d) Low household incomes: The low household incomes are partly a result of failure of crops as most households rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. In addition, the purchasing power of the community is very low, thus operating micro-enterprises becomes unprofitable. d) Inadequate access to social services: Access to basic services like primary education, primary health care, water and sanitation is very low. The available health facilities are not fully operational as expected. d) Accelerating environmental degradation: The escalating population growth of Koboko is putting strains on the existing natural resources. The tree cover is fast disappearing towards the northern parts of the district. The southern and central parts are now devoid of natural trees. Yet over 98% of the population is dependant on the trees for their fuel requirement. Like wise, the river banks are being encroached unsustainably for cultivation. 1
e) Poor governance: Transparency and accountability particularly to the beneficiary communities have become increasingly very crucial in the current development paradigms. Although the district has performed very well in service delivery, it is not immune to challenges of corruption related to provision of information to the communities. f) Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) perdemic: The details of this problem are discussed in a later section. However, the location of Koboko is prime condition for the spread of HIV/AIDS in the district. If not checked the population is prone to the scourge. g) Unemployment and underemployment: The number of people, particularly youths, who are searching for jobs and have not found any are alarmingly on the increase. There is no official figure to explain the magnitude of the problem, but the very many visibly idle youths in Koboko town attests to this. h) High population growth rate: Koboko s population growth rate of 5.6% is notoriously very high. This undermines all efforts to increase access to services additional demands emerge every year. The rate at which services are increasing is very less than the rate of population growth. District Vision The vision of Koboko district is a healthy, wealthy, knowledgeable and peaceful people by 2017. Mission Statement To be able to drive the society towards the district vision, Koboko district is committed to its mission to increase and sustain quality socio-economic service delivery and create prime conditions for peace, good governance and development. District Strategic Objectives 7. To have at least 80% of the households food secure throughout the year for the next five years of the planning period. 8. To Increase access to quality social services like education, primary health care, water and sanitation to the population in Koboko in five years. To offer support to creation and strengthening of Saving and credit cooperative societies (SACCOS) in all the sub-counties including the new ones by 2011 in order to increase household incomes 9. To reduce rate of environmental degradation and increase forest recover to 13% in five years from the current 9%. 10. To promote and sustain good governance in all the departments and subcounties within five years s for increased serve delivery. 2
11. To reduce HIV/AIDs prevalence rate from the current estimate of and mitigate the social impact on the affected and infected persons. 12. Reduce the population growth rate from 5.6% to national average of 3.2% within 30 years. Highlights of Key achievements of 2009/2010 Projects Sn Project Site Contract Sum Fund 1 Keri-Nyambiri Rd Kuluba PAF 2 5 stance latrine Kandio PS SFG 3 5 stance latrine Teremunga PS SFG 4 5 stance latrine Ruchuko PS SFG 5 5 stance latrine Abele PS SFG 6 5 stance latrine Lurujo PS SFG 7 5 stance latrine Mena PS SFG 8 5 stance latrine Nyoricheku PS SFG 9 4 stance latrine Pamodo HC PRDP 10 4 stance latrine Dranya HC PRDP 11 4 stance latrine Ayipe HC PRDP 12 5 stance latrine Midia PS PRDP 13 5 stance latrine Ponyura PS PRDP 14 5 stance latrine Ginyako PS SFG 15 5 stance latrine chakulia PS SFG 16 5 stance latrine Nyangilia PS SFG 17 2 st. Latrine 3 units Koboko youth BG 18 Staff house Kuluba HC LGMSDP 19 Ward Ayipe HC PRDP 20 Ward Dranya HC PRDP 21 Ward Dricile HC LGM 22 4 classroom block Goya PS PRDP 23 2 classroom block Mundrugoro PRDP PS 24 4 classroom block Kumari PS PRDP 25 Staff house Ulumgbu PS PRDP 26 4 classroom Birijaku PS PRDP completion. 27 Lima-chakulia Rd Ludara sub-cty LGM. 28 5 stance latrine Aunga PS PRDP 29 5 stance latrine Usubu PS PRDP 30 5 stance latrine Kuduzea PS PRDP 31 OPD Chakulia HC PRDP 32 4 classroom block Gbukutu PS PRDP 33 4 classroom block Nyarilo SS PRDP 34 FAL Classroom Jabara PRDP 3
Sn Project Site Contract Sum Fund 35 2 classroom block Ginyako PS PRDP Highlights of Key achievements of 2010/2011 Projects Sn Project Site Contract Sum Source of Fund 1 Classroom Nyambiri PS 67,300,000 PRDP 2 Classroom Kaya PS 67,300,000 PRDP 3 Classroom lobule PS 67,300,000 PRDP 4 Classroom Nyangilia PS 66,559,000 PRDP 5 Housing Units Kumari PS 10,001,000 PRDP 6 Housing Units Adrumaga PS 10,000,000 PRDP 7 Housing Units Dranya PS 10,000,000 PRDP 8 Housing Units Gurepi PS 10,002,000 PRDP 9 Housing Units Teremunga PS 10,000,000 PRDP 10 Housing Units Nyangilia PS 10,000,000 PRDP 11 Housing Units Lurujo PS 10,001,000 PRDP 12 Housing Units Abele PS 10,000,000 PRDP 13 Housing Units Nyarilo PS 10,000,000 PRDP 14 Housing Units Apa PS 10,000,000 PRDP 16 Housing Units Ombachi 10,000,000 PRDP 17 Housing Units Birijaku PS 10,000,000 PRDP 18 Housing Units Mindrabe 10,002,000 PRDP 20 Housing Units Kingaba 10,000,000 PRDP 21 Housing Units ludara 46,000,000 PRDP 22 Housing Units Lobule HC III 46,000,000 PRDP 23 Housing Units Dranya HC III 46,186,334 PRDP 24 Housing Units Dricile HC III 46,000,000 PRDP 25 Housing Units Gborokolongo HC II 47,250,942 PRDP 26 Housing Units Pamodo HC ii 46,186,334 PRDP 27 Housing Units Pijoke HCII 72,000,000 PRDP 28 OPD DHOs Office 104,695,000 PRDP 29 Placenta pit Koboko HCIV 3,600,000 PRDP 30 KECHI Bridge Gurepi-Bamure Road 317,000,000 PRDP 31 Shallow Well Matakusokoro 7,000,000 PRDP 32 Shallow Well Nore 7,000,000 PRDP 33 Shallow Well Embeleke 7,000,000 PRDP 34 Shallow Well Lomunu 7,000,000 PRDP 35 Shallow Well Kakira 7,000,000 PRDP 36 Shallow Well Okanaga 7,000,000 PRDP 37 Shallow Well Mongoyo 7,000,000 PRDP 4
Sn Project Site Contract Sum Source of Fund 38 Construction of Apa Bridge on KTC-Birijaku Road KTC-Birijaku Road 57,900,221 LGMSDP 39 Completion of a 3-roomed teachers house in Ginyako LGMSDP Primary schools in Dranya Ginyako Primary schools 14,500,000 Overall Strategy of the DDP Strategy 1: Human resource mobilization and development. The district is committed to the recruitment of qualified personnel in all the departments and ensures highly motivated district manpower. Disciplinary measure relevant to unnecessary absenteeism and time management by the staff will be taken as timeliness is being monitored. Strategy 2: Provision and maintenance of physical and social infrastructure in all the relevant departments to increase access to economic and social services. This includes maintaining district road networks permanently in good condition, construction of classrooms, improving health facilities, and water and sanitation facilities. Strategy 3: Promotion of food security crops like cassava, millet, maize, beans, pigeon peas groundnut and horticulture through provision of intensive farmer extension and advisory services by training and updating farmers on new agricultural methods technologies and coordinate staff to implement production programmes so as to enhance increased crop productivity and production to grow food security and adequate household income. Strategy 4: Ensure a well guided framework for land use management and sustainable development in Koboko District. Strategy 5: Ensure that public funds are realized and used for the intended purposes, and are properly recorded and accounted for according to the set standards Strategy 6: Offering coordination support to all the development actors; the private sector, the CSOs, the FBOs and development partners in the district. This can be information of joint planning, implementation and monitoring activities. Strategy 7: Examine reports of the Auditors General, PAC and Internal Auditor to council and improve financial accountability by establishing a clear link between the payment of taxes and provision of services. 5
Strategy 8: Promotion, planning and resource mobilization for sustainable developments in the District. Local forest reserves, land, wetlands and water bodies will be focused on for sound management while support to delivery of advisory services for sound management will form the interventions to the private sector to increase production and productivity. Protection of fragile ecosystems through tree planting and enforcement of regulations on forestry developments will be addressed as well. Strategy 9: Four strategies exist for delivering the National Minimum Health Care Package, namely; health promotion, diseases prevention, treatment and rehabilitation interventions. The activities for the first two strategies is health education as a cross cutting issue. Some of the promotion activities require mobilising communities for practical work on themselves, homes and environment. This aspect of health service delivery also requires the use of the law. The local administration shall be handy in this case. Enforcement will be the last option after exhausting the channels of health education. Strategy 10: Management information system will be strengthened to function for collection and sharing of information and important performance indicators like timeliness, completeness and accuracy will also be monitored. Quarterly performance reviews with the stakeholders will be encouraged and annual individual department forums will be done to the larger stake holders. Strategy 11: Intensify planning and implementation of programmes that enhance the empowerment and participation of the communities in the management of development interventions. These include FAL, OVC, NUSAF II, PRDP to accommodate all adults both men and women. Strategy 12: Institute deliberate efforts to integrate all cross cutting and thematic issues in the planning and development process by all departments. Carry out mapping of all actors in HIV/AIDS activities in the district and enhance coordination among the actors for improved health and psychosocial services to the infected and affected person. 6
NGO Activities in Koboko District SN Name of Organization 01 ACAV ( Associazione Centro Aiuti Volontari) 02 CEFORD (Community Empowerment for Rural Development) 03 SNV (Netherlands Development Organization) 04 BRAC (Building Resources Across Communities) Based in Koboko Yes Yes No Yes Start Year of Operation 2009 and has signed MoU with the district signed MoU with the district 2005 and has signed MoU with district 2008 but no signed MoU with district 05 CREAM Yes 2008 but no signed MoU with the district Specialization Area Undertakes Micro-finance support services to farmers Constructs water facilities for communities Agricultural support through setting demonstration farms and offering start up operational and maintenance structures Based more in Arua though has an office in Koboko and undertakes training of communities on water facility operation and maintenance structure, Fal, FID under NAADS Based in Arua and undertakes Capcity building activities especially in water sector, LeaPPS, Ecosan, Rainwater harvesting Research on operation and maintenance of water facilities Areas of operation include: Women microfinance services Support to small enterprises of shs 1.5-18 million Agriculture, poultry and livestock support to improve quality of local breeds of livestock and poultry Support to health sector through training of community health promoters to address safe motherhood, handling of malaria cases and avails needy mothers delivery kits. Offer micro-finance services and encourages savings at village levels 06 DRC Yes 2009 and Agriculture development through 7
(Danish Refugee ouncil) 07 MIHV (Minnesota International Health Volunteers) 08 MSF (Medecins San Frontieres) 09 YODEO (Youth Development Organization) 10 MSU (Marie Stopes No No No No has signed MoU with the district Signed operational agreement on 19-12- 2008 MoU signed on 30-06- 2009 Yet to start operations MoU signed on 24-02- 2009 food security, capacity building in development planning, educational projects at community levels Improving the health of women, children and their communities Offering support to HIV/AIDS infected and affected person in Koboko Addresses issues of water and sanitation in the pilot sub-county (Lobule) in Koboko District Offers Counselling services, Family Planning Services to clients, produce monthly HMIS Uganda 11 MSF SPAIN No MoU signed Sleeping sickness control 12 Baylor No MoU signed HIV counselling and testing 13 Labe Yes MoU signed Carries out activities in Education sector 14 MJAP Yes MoU signed Comprehensive HIV care 15 UHMG Yes MoU signed OVC 16 Pace No MoU signed Positive living 17 IDICAP Yes MoU signed HIV Care Quality improvement 18 KOCISONET Yes MoU signed Civic awareness on human rights Food security awareness Dangers on environmental awareness and gender based violence 8
CHAPTER 1: SITUATION ANALYSIS 1.1 Introduction and Situational Analysis The Koboko District Development Plan (DDP) for the period 2010/2011-2014/2015 has been prepared in line with the provisions of the Local Governments Act, which requires District Councils to prepare a comprehensive and integrated development plan incorporating plans of lower level Local Governments for submission to the National Planning Authority; and that a Local Government budget for the ensuing Financial Year shall always take into account the approved five-year development plan of the Local Government. The DDP represents a holistic development framework of Koboko District Local Government and its development partners in the quest for prosperity for all. The DDP is Strategic Development Framework of Koboko which sets the development course that the District and her development partners will take to pursue her vision and mission. The vision of Koboko district is to have a healthy, wealthy knowledgeable and peaceful people by 2020. The mission statement is to increase and sustain quality socio-economic services and create prime conditions for peace, good governance and development. The framework is founded on five key principles as the basis for guiding the stakeholders to assess the right focus and course of action: Firstly, it is borne out of the priority development problems of the district. Secondly, it is guided by the vision of the district. Thirdly, the development framework is geared towards supporting the national development strategy of A transformed Ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country within 30 years. Fourthly, it is geared towards attainment of the growth, employment and socio economic transformation for prosperity. Finally, the DDP is still informed by National Development Plan (NDP) which has replaced the PEAP. The DDP attempts to address the core development problems that are hindering the development of the district and the district grapples with. These development problems include but are not limited to the following with details discussed in subsequent sections of this chapter. a) Food insecurity: Food insecurity is becoming an annual occurrence particularly in the months of May, June and July. This has been attributed to delay in first rains and failure of the crops in first season. The early challenge of farmers concentrating of tobacco, a destructive practice is now declining as most of the farmers are embracing the NAADS programme of food cultivation. b) Low household incomes: The low household incomes are very partly a result of failure of crops as most households rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. In 1
addition, the purchasing power of the community is very low, thus operating micro-enterprises becomes unprofitable. c) Inadequate access to social services: Access to basic services like primary education, primary health care, water and sanitation is very low. The available health facilities are not fully operational as ought. d) Accelerating environmental degradation: The escalating population growth of Koboko is putting strains on the existing natural resources. The tree cover is fast disappearing towards the northern parts of the district. The southern and central parts are now devoid of natural trees. Yet over 98% of the population is dependant on the trees for their fuel requirement. Like wise, the river banks are being encroached unsustainably for cultivation. e) Poor governance: Transparency and accountability particularly to the beneficiary communities have become increasingly is very crucial in the current development paradigms. f) Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) perdemic: The details of this problem are discussed in a later section. However, the location of Koboko is prime condition for the spread of HIV/AIDS in the district. g) Unemployment and underemployment: The number of people, particularly youths, who are searching for jobs and have not found any are alarmingly on the increase. There is no official figure to explain the magnitude of the problem, but the very many visibly idle youths in Koboko town attests to this. h) High population growth rate: Koboko s population growth rate of 5.6% is notoriously very high. This undermines all efforts to increase access to services additional demands emerge every year. The rate at which services are increasing is very less than the rate of population growth. The process of preparing the DDP was a participatory one and involved an analysis of existing situation in the district including a critical analysis of the core development challenges and poverty issues. The process also involved setting up of a strategic interventions framework (vision, strategic and intermediate objectives), identification of medium term priorities and action plans within the medium term guided by the medium term expenditure framework. One of the guiding principles in reviewing of the DDP was the district s commitment to advancing and strengthening the process of devolution right to the grassroots, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector in the development management. Deliberate effort was taken to involve the 2
local leaders at all levels of local government, representatives of the CSOs and private sector in the planning process. The integration of the NGO and Sub-county plans has been done through recognising their contribution to the district strategic objectives, intermediate objectives and outputs. Along the same line, the budgets for NGO and Subcounty have been included as a below the budget line figures to indicate the volume of resource inflows into the district. 1.2 Basic Facts on Koboko District Koboko is one of the Districts in the North Western Region and was curved from Arua and started effective operations in August 2005. However, it should be noted that, during the Idi Amini regime, Koboko town was a vibrant headquarter of the then North Nile District comprising of Maracha, Koboko and Aringa counties. After the fall of Idi Amini regime, the District was collapsed back to Arua. During 1980s and 1990s, Koboko was a battle field for various wars. Many physical infrastructures were destroyed in the process. Some of the impacts of the wars can still be seen on the broken wall dotted in the communities. 1.2.1 Location Koboko District KOBOKO YUMBE MOYO KITGUM KAABONG N MARACHA/TEREGO ADJUMANI KOTIDO ARUA GULU PADER AMURU ABIM NEBBI NEBBI OYAM LIRA MOROTO AMURIA BULIISA MASINDI APAC DOKOLO KATAKWI NAKAPIRIPIRIT KABERAMAIDO AMOLATAR SOROTI HOIMA NAKASONGOLA KUMI BUKEDEA KAPCHORWA BUKWO PALLISA SIRONKO BUNDIBUGYO KIBAALE KIBOGA NAKASEKE KAYUNGA LUWERO KAMULI KALIRO BUDAKA BUDUDA MBALE BUTALEJA NAMUTUMBA MANAFWA IGANGA TORORO KABAROLE KYENJOJO MUBENDE JINJA MITYANA BUSIA KAMPALA MAYUGE KASESE KAMWENGE MPIGI WAKISO MUKONO BUGIRI IBANDA SSEMBABULE KIRUHURA LYANTONDE MASAKA BUSHENYI MBARARA KALANGALA KANUNGU RUKUNGIRI ISINGIRO RAKAI NTUNGAMO KISORO KABALE 0 60 120KM 3
Koboko District is situated on the extreme corner of North Western part of Uganda. It is bordered by the Republic of Sudan in the North, Yumbe District in the East, Democratic Republic of Congo in the West, and Maracha/Terego District in the South. Koboko town is the Administrative and commercial headquarters of the District and it is 574 kilometres away from Kampala, Uganda s capital city, only 3kms from DRC boarder and 16kms from that of Sudan. This has led to high cost of living in the district with devastating effects on the poor members of the community. 1.2.2 Political and administrative structures Map of Koboko showing Sub-counties 4
Table 1: Number of Administrative Units in Koboko by Sub-county SN Names of Sub Counties/ Town No. of Parishes. No. of Villages. Councils. 1 Midia 7 54 2 Dranya 6 41 3 Ludara 9 103 4 Kuluba 7 53 5 Koboko T.C. 4 20 6 Lobule 9 83 7 Abuku 5 36 Total 47 394 Koboko District comprises of one county, 7 Sub-counties (including urban council), 47 parishes (LCIIs) and 389 villages (LCIs). The district has one Urban Council namely, Koboko Town Council. Two new sub-counties of Abuku from Lobule and Dranya from Midia have only been operational for two years. Their structures are yet taking shape with interim council and executives. A number of the new parishes are not operational and have no Parish Chiefs to manage them. New villages were also created mostly in Kuluba and Ludara as a result of new settlements that have taken place in areas that were mainly occupied by forests. 1.2.3 Population Koboko had a total population of 129,200 persons (65,400 females and 63,800 males) in 2002. Over a period of 12 years the population more than doubled from 62,337 to 129,200 in 1991 to 2002. The district s current population is projected to be 222,900 persons (110,300 males and 112,600 females). The population density was 188 persons per square kilometre of land area in 2002. However, this population density figure is up from 101 and 57 persons per square kilometre of land in 1991 and 1980 respectively when the District was still a county under Arua District. The current population density is 305 persons per square kilometre with 34,933 households compared to 20,034 in 2002. 5
Table 2: 2011 Population Projections by Sub-county SN Sub-county No. HHs Male Female Total 1 Koboko TC 8,033 25,300 26,000 51,300 2 Abuku 2,983 9,400 9,500 18,900 3 Dranya 3,183 9,900 10,400 20,300 4 Kuluba 4,883 15,600 15,500 31,100 5 Lobule 6,583 21,100 20,900 42,000 6 Ludara 4,967 15,600 16,100 31,700 7 Midia 4,300 13,400 14,000 27,400 Total 34,933 110,300 112,600 222,900 Sex Composition of the Population The sex ratio is generally defined as the number of males per 100 females which is an index for comparing the numerical balance between the two sexes in different population groups irrespective of the size, location and time reference. Overall, according to the 2002 census, there are 63,800 males compared to 65,400 females giving a sex ratio of 98 males per 100 females as compared to 97 males per 100 females in 1991 Population Growth Koboko District average population growth rate has been 5.6% between 1991 and 2002 well above the national average population growth rate of 3.2%. This was much higher than the growth rate observed between 1980 and 1991. This increase could be attributed to the influx of refugees in the late 1990s that are living within the town. Another reason could be the fact that the county was insecure and many of the residence who fled to the neighbouring countries had returned by 2002 census. Given the high growth rate, the district needs to expand substantially its entire infrastructure especially in education, health, and water supply in order to enhance the welfare of its population. This means increasing the utilization of the natural resources that could easily lead to depletion of the scarce natural resources for the future generation. Functional Age Groups A very high proportion of the District population is in the young age group. A young population like that of Koboko District requires considerable investment targeting the children and youth. For instance, immunization services, preprimary, primary education, skills development among other things. The age structure also implies that a significant proportion of the population is dependent. This exerts a heavy burden on the few productive members of the 6
population, a fact that hampers the rate of investment in the productive sectors. This also impacts negatively on the limited resources available as more resources need to be used to meet the needs of the population. The population distribution in the District is far from even. There is a relatively heavy concentration of people in the Town council and Midia sub-county that surrounds the Town Council than other Sub Counties. Kuluba and Ludara subcounties are sparsely populated with a good portion of the land towards the Sudan boarder almost uninhabited. The average population density of the District, based on the 2002 census is 188 persons per square kilometers. 1.2.4 Topography Koboko District comprises mainly of flat rolling plains occurring at 3,160 to 5,283 feet above sea level with isolated undulating hills mainly in the western and northern parts of the District towards the Sudan boarder, with a slight slope towards the east. The area where the three international boarders meet consists mainly of hills and rocks hosting remains of some indigenous savannah woodlands. 1.2.5 Soils and hydrology Soils The soils covering most of the District are mainly ferralitic and sand loams with fine textile and rather loose structure, which are easily eroded and leached. Most soils are acidic. The commonest Soil types in the District include: dark cotton soils, clay loams latosols varying from dark grey to dark which are slightly acidic and mainly derived from granite, gneissic and sedimentary rocks. They occur on gently undulating - hilly topography. Brown - yellow clay loams with laterite horizon with a variety of dark brown to dark greyish brown, which are slightly acidic. These occur on flat ridge tops or as of undulating topography near the boarder with Democratic Republic of Congo. Light - grey- white mottled loamy soils with laterite horizon ground, structure-less loamy sands. Water Koboko district generally lacks adequate surface and ground water resources. River Apa, Kaya at the Sudan boarder, Kechi, Ora and Kochi are the most important rivers in the district. They all have their source from Democratic Republic of Congo boarder which is a water shade and drain to the east mainly into rivers that empty into the River Nile. Wetland 7
Wetlands cover a small proportion of the total District area. This allows water to stay in one place long enough to maximize infiltration and thus access to water supplies for plants. There is however significant encroachments on the few available wetlands for construction and crop cultivation particularly rice in the Urban and Rural set up respectively. Unless the trend is reversed, the District s wetlands are likely to be destroyed in the near future. 1.2.6 Climate Koboko district like other West Nile Districts has a bi-modal rainfall pattern with some dry spells in June and between November and March. The wettest months are normally August and September, which receive 120mm/month. The average annual rainfall is 1,250mm. The mean monthly evaporation ranges from 130mm - 180mm. In the dry season (December -March) temperatures remain high (above 30 0 C) throughout. 1.2.7 Vegetation The predominant vegetation in Koboko District is savannah woodland with bushy forest cover found in the northern part of the District in the sub counties of Kuluba and Ludara and at the sides of Liru Mountains in Lobule. Midia Subcounty is generally flat and covered with bush shrubs. The bushy forests in the northern part of the District mainly comprise of natural trees with few forests comprising of planted trees. The hills in the east have fertile soils around them that has led to people migrating to settle along the hill foots and slopes. 1.2.8 Livelihood analysis The livelihood of people in the district is dependent on agriculture which employs over 80% of the total population. Fertile soils and suitable climate combine to support the cultivation of a number of crops in most parts of the District. Agriculture is mainly subsistence and takes place on smallholdings of approximately two acres using mainly simple farming tools (hoes, pangas and harrowing sticks) mainly for consumption at the household level. The proportion of farmers engaged in commercial agriculture is steadily increasing due to advisory services offered by the NAADS programme in the District. Farming practices in the District is mainly by use of traditional farming practices that lead to little outputs by the farmers due to small size of plots cultivated. However, with changes in the farming technology especially with farmers working under the NAADS programme, the sizes of plots have been steadily increasing. Family members constitute the single most important source of labour. The current trend in the farming section indicates that both men and women participate in agriculture but the burden is still more on the women. The women also double as the major source of labour for domestic activities, which go unnoticed and not included in the national income figures. 8
Both food and cash crops are grown in Koboko District. Tobacco is the major cash crop and is the main source of livelihood for nearly a third of the population in the district. It is grown mainly in the fertile highlands. However, with the introduction of the NAADS programme in all the Sub Counties the Situation is likely to improve with more farmers embracing the programme and dropping the idea of growing tobacco. Goat rearing, Rice, Apiculture and groundnuts enterprises are increasingly being undertaken to ensure food security and generate household income especially under NUSAF vulnerable group support projects. A good number of the population is engaged in various businesses, notably general merchandise, transport services, petty trade and agri-business, with very little value additions. This has been made possible by the strategic location of the District at the entrance of both Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. With the recent opening of the Yei-Juba road and improved security, business has flourished in the District and has attracted many traders in the region. However, due to high demand of items in southern Sudan, the cost of living in Koboko District has become very high as supply does not tally with the demand for these items in Koboko and the neighbouring countries. 1.3 Cross cutting issues Sustainable and holistic development strategies are cognisant of thematic issues that need to be identified and addressed as an integral part of development. The main crosscutting issues that have occupied the attention and resources of the district development actors are gender, natural resource management, environment, poverty and HIV/AIDS. If not well articulated and thus addressed, they can greatly undermine all attempts to meet the district priority needs, development goals and objectives of the National Development Plans. Any of these issues cannot be attained by the intervention of one sector alone and therefore necessitates the combined intervention of all 1.3.1 Gender Gender imbalance is one of the critical challenges of successful implementation of development programmes. As has been noted earlier, development problems affect the different categories of society in different ways. This means the same strategy can not and will not work for all. Therefore, the different gender difference and needs require careful analysis to prescribe the right development solution for each category to ensure equality and equity. 9
Gender Analysis by Department: Gender analysis is identifying, assessing with understanding and interpretation, (examining) of gender issues. Gender analyses are done at three levels that is at individual, household and community levels. The situational analysis reveals that there are gender imbalances in the community services, production/marketing, health, finance, planning, management, works and water sectors. There is need to have deliberate interventions to address the gender issues that have been identified. The following underlying is gender issues identified during the situational analysis process include the following but not limited to: 1. Community Based Services: Low participation of women in decision- making process particularly in planning/budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluationcommunity meetings, Low literacy levels among women in the community, High rate of domestic violence against women still on increase Very Low participation of men (27%) in FAL programme as compared to the percentage of women Limited property ownership by women 2. Education: High drop-out rate among girls-child as compared to that of boy-child in schools Poor and unfriendly sanitation in some schools Defilement, forced/early marriages still on increase High number of teenage mothers 3. Health: Low participation of men in utilisation and supporting health- related programmes and services at community level Low delivery in health facilities Low community participation in immunization especially in Lobule Malnutrition coverage and low participation of men for the EPI activities. Poor sanitation in homes, public places e.g. Insufficient latrines, rubbish pits,animal houses, bathing shelters, drying rakes etc Low participation of men in general cleanliness (about 10%). 4. Production Department Low participation of women in commercial agricultural related programmes and services 10