Briefing Statistical Spotlight July 2016

Briefing Statistical Spotlight July 2016 The NUTS classification (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) is a system to divide the territory of Member States (MS) into regions for the purpose of collection and harmonisation of statistics and for socio-economic analysis. There are three NUTS NUTS: 1, 2 and 3 respectively, moving from smaller to larger territorial units. NUTS 2 divides EU territory into 276 regions with minimum and maximum population thresholds of 800 000 and 3 000 000. It is used for allocating European structural and investment funds to EU regions. This paper provides statistics for the 276 NUTS 2 regions, firstly looking at GDP and unemployment for the years 2004 and. Second, it shows the employment situation of the younger generation in. It then considers employment, poverty and education in the light of selected Europe 2020 targets, and internet usage in view of the EU s digital agenda. Finally it shows the allocation of structural and investment funds for the period -2020. EU-28 = 100% EPRS European Parliamentary Research Service Authors: Giulio Sabbati and Sorina Silvia Ionescu Members Research Service PE 581.951 GDP in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) per inhabitant by NUTS 2 region (% of the EU-28 average, 2004 and ) 2004 > 105% 91%-105% 75%-90% < 75% 2004 27% 11% EU-28 regional population by GDP category 19% 44% > 105% 91%-105% 75%-90% < 75% EU-28 = 100% 25% 20% 15% 40% > 105% 91%-105% 75%-90% < 75% Further information on page 7

GDP in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) per inhabitant: highest and lowest NUTS 2 region within each Member State (% of the EU-28 average, ) EU-28 = 100% EU-28 IT IE EL SI LU MT CY EE LT LV Bulgaria: 47% West Wales and The Valleys: 69% Mayotte: 31% Východné Slovensko: 53% Prov. Hainaut and Luxembourg: 76% Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 84% Severozápad: 63% Nord-Est: 34% Calabria: 59% Norra Mellansverige: 99% Sjælland: 85% Friesland: 93% Burgenland: 89% Észak-Magyarország: 42% Border, Midland and Western: 88% Extremadura: 63% Lubelskie: 47% Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi: 91% Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki: 50% Severozapaden: 30% Norte: 65% Vzhodna Slovenija: 68% Jadranska Hrvatska: 57% Lowest value 266%: Luxembourg 0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 500% National average 539%: Inner London 178%: Île de France 186%: Bratislavský kraj 207%: Brussels Capital Region 206%: Hamburg 173%: Praha 129%: Bucuresti - Ilfov 144%: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano 172%: Stockholm 157%: Hovedstaden 163%: Groningen 158%: Wien 107%: Közép-Magyarország 150%: Southern and Eastern 125%: Comunidad de Madrid 108%: Mazowieckie 144%: Helsinki-Uusimaa 99%: Attiki 75%: Yugozapaden 106%: Área Metropolitana de Lisboa 98%: Zahodna Slovenija 60%: Kontinentalna Hrvatska Luxembourg, Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia have only one NUTS 2 region Highest value 600% 500% 400% 300% 200% 100% 0 Highest value Highest value 2004 National average Lowest value 2004 Lowest value IT IE EL SI EU-28 GDP per capita in PPS 22 400 2004 27 500 Further information on page 7 Members Research Service Page 2 of 8

Unemployment rate by NUTS 2 region (2004 and ) 2004 Age: 15 and over > 12% 8%-12% 6%-7.9% < 6% 9.2% EU-28 unemployment rate In 2004, regional unemployment rates ranged between 1.8% in Dorset and Somerset () and 32.8% in Réunion () 10.2% 2004 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Age: 15 and over In, regional unemployment rates ranged between 2.5% in Oberbayern () and Praha () and 34.8% in Andalucia () > 12% 8%-12% 6%-7.9% < 6% Range between lowest and highest value Capital region EU average EL IT IE SI CY LV LT EE LU MT Dispersion of regional unemployment rates by NUTS 2 regions (%) (2004 and ) Data source: Eurostat (ComExt, bop_its_det, bop_fdi_main) EU-28 55.0% 66.1% 52.3% 55.9% IT 43.8% 60.0% 42.2% 42.6% 45.9% 39.1% 16.9% 34.8% 28.9% 31.0% 40.4% 29.8% 35.0% 29.4% 31.1% 27.5% 32.5% 26.2% 32.8% 25.4% 17.9% 17.5% 24.5% 16.2% 10.7% 13.2% 12.7% 26.8% 15.3% 12.7% 11.9% 2004 10.1% 19.1% EL 8.2% 6.3% Further information on page 7 Members Research Service Page 3 of 8

Youth unemployment rate by NUTS 2 region () Age: 15-24 NEETs: young people not in employment, education or training () Age: 15-24 13% 14% 18% Young people 15-24 55% Not employed but in ET Employed and not in ET Employed and in ET NEET > 30% 20%-30% 13%-19.9% < 13% No data The EU-28 youth unemployment rate is 22.2%. It ranges between 3.7% in Oberbayern () and 69.8% in Ipeiros (EL). NEETs range between 3.7% in Oberbayern () and 34% in Severozapaden (). > 17% 12%-16.9% 8%-11.9% < 8% In 79% of the EU regions, the unemployment rate for young people is at least twice that of total unemployment. The countries with the highest number of regions with more than 17% of NEETs are Greece (19 regions), Italy (14) and Spain (9). The countries with the most regions with less than 8% are Germany (27), the Netherlands (11) and Sweden (7). Further information on page 7 Members Research Service Page 4 of 8

Employment rate by NUTS 2 region () People at risk of poverty or social exclusion Age: 20-64 % of total population Europe 2020 target: at least 20 million fewer people in or at risk of poverty and social exclusion The overall EU target refers to EU 27, ie all EU countries before the accession of Croatia. It was adopted in 2010, taking 2008 as a baseline year since it was the most recent year with data available. > 75% 68%-75% 60%-67.9% < 60% EU-28 employment rate 67.2% 69.2% 2004 Europe 2020 target: 75% of 20-64 year-old to be employed 84 EU regions have employment rate above 75%. They are distributed in 9 Member States: (30 out of 38), (24/37), (8/12), (8/8), (5/9), (4/5), (2/8), (2/5) and IT (1/21) > 30% 19%-30% < 18.9% EU-27: People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (in million) 116 2008 121 Target 96 In 2008, 116 million people, or 23.7% of the EU population, were at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In the equivalent figure was 121 million (24.4% of the population). The target for 2020, 96 million people, represents 18.9% of the EU population. Further information on page 8 Members Research Service Page 5 of 8

EPRS Population aged 30-34 with tertiary education (ISCED 5-8) Regular internet users (weekly or daily usage) % of 30-34 year-old population > 40% 37%-40% 30%-36.9% < 19% -2020 % of total population EU-28 tertiary education > 90% 75%-90% 65%-74% < 65% 38.7% 40 35 30 26.9% 2004 25 2004 2010 2010 Europe 2020 target: at least 40% of 30-34 year-olds completing third level education 101 EU regions have at least 40% of the 30 34 year olds population with tertiary education Members Research Service EU-28 internet users 76% 80 51% 37% Regular 60 40 20 0 2007 2007 2009 2011 2013 16% Never Key target of the digital agenda: European Structural and Investment Funds Increase regular internet use from 60% to 75% by Halve the proportion of the population that has never used the internet by (to 15%). ITIT GR GR LTLT LV LV EE EI SI IE IE MT CY CY MT LU LU TC 86.0 42.8 37.4 30.8 27.9 26.7 25.8 25.0 24.2 20.4 1% 16.4 22% 15.3 454 10.7 billion 9.1 8.4 77% 5.6 4.9 4.5 Fund receiving countries 3.9 3.8 Top 3 3.6 Top 5 Top 10 3.4 % 2.7 1.7 of total 1.3 fund 0.9 0.8 0.1 ERDF +F + CF + YEI policy) 0(Cohesion20 EAD 40 60 80 (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development) EMFF (European Maritime & Fisheries Fund) Further information on page 8 Page 6 of 8 100 EMFF EAD ERDF+

Further information GDP in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) per inhabitant by NUTS 2 region (2004 and ) The graphics represent regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per inhabitant expressed in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS). The PPS is an artificial currency unit that eliminates price-level differences between countries and regions; one PPS buys the same quantity of goods or services in all countries. It is useful for comparing the economy across countries and regions. GDP is presented as a percentage of EU-28 GDP which is equal to 100%. The maps show GDP in PPS at NUTS 2 regional level as a percentage of the EU-28 value for the years 2004 and. Regions rank from 30% of the EU-28 average in Severozapaden (Bulgaria), to 539% of the average in Inner London (). The regions are divided into four categories based on the level of GDP: 76 regions <75% of average (69 in 2004), 65 regions between 75%-90% (41), 44 in the bracket 91%-105% (57) and 91 regions >105% (109). The pie chart represents the EU s regional population in each of the four categories. In other words, in, 40% of the EU population lived in regions with GDP greater than 105% - always expressed in PPS per capita compared to the EU average. GDP in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) per inhabitant: highest and lowest NUTS 2 region within each Member State (% of the EU-28 average, ) The bar chart shows the highest and lowest NUTS 2 region of each Member State, as well as the national level of GDP in PPS per capita. Six countries - Luxembourg, Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia - have only one NUTS 2 region, therefore only data for the national level are presented. The length of the bar represents the inequality between the richest and the poorest region of each Member State. The line chart shows the highest and the lowest value of GDP in each Member State as well as the national average for both the years (2004 and ). The graph does not consider the six countries not divided into regions. Unemployment rate by NUTS 2 region (2004 and ) The maps show the unemployment rate of people in the age group 15 and over for the NUTS 2 regions, comparing 2004 with. The unemployment rate is the proportion of the labour force that is, during the reference period, without work, available for work and either actively seeking work or having already found a job to start within the next three months. The regions have been divided into four categories based on their level of unemployment. Out of the ten regions with the highest unemployment level six are in Spain and the other four are French, while within the lowest category there are nine German regions and one in the Czech Republic. Dispersion of regional unemployment rates by NUTS 2 regions (2004 and, %) The graph represents the differences in regional unemployment rate per Member State expressed as the coefficient of variation of regional unemployment rates. As Eurostat states, the coefficient of variation is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. This coefficient of variation is multiplied by 100 to make a percentage. This number is zero if the regional unemployment rates of a given Member State are equal. Significant differences between regional unemployment rates give a fairly high index. The index is not applicable to nine Member States because they have fewer than three NUTS 2 regions: Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta and Slovenia. From the graph it can be noted that five Member States show an increase in the index between 2004 and, while 13 show a decrease, meaning that differences among regions got smaller. Youth unemployment rate by NUTS 2 region () The map shows the proportion of the labour force aged 15-24 that is unemployed. Youth unemployment rate ranges between 3.7% in Oberbayern () to almost 70% in Ipeiros (EL). Within the top ten regions with the highest value, there are four Spanish, four Greek and one Italian. Out of the ten with the lowest value, nine are in Germany and one in Austria. In 120 EU regions (representing 44% of all EU regions) the youth unemployment rate is twice that of total unemployment; in 96 regions (35%) it is three times bigger than the total rate. NEETs: young people not in employment, education or training () The indicator on NEETs, young people neither in employment nor in education and training, refers to young people aged 15 to 24 who are (1) not employed or inactive and (2) have not received any education and training in the four weeks preceding the survey. Data are expressed as a percentage of the total population in the same age group. The pie chart shows the 15-24 year-old population divided into four categories: the NEETs, those that are not employed but participate in formal or informal education or training (ET), those that are employed and not in ET, and those employed and in ET. The map shows the percentage of NEETs in the EU regions. Youth unemployment and the proportion of NEETs are complementary concepts. The unemployment rate measures those who are out of work and, actively searching and are able to start working; it is based on the economically active population of 15 24 years-old as its denominator. By contrast, the definition of NEETs excludes those in employment, education or training, but may include some of the economically inactive; it is based on a denominator that covers all 15 24 year-olds. Members Research Service Page 7 of 8

Employment rate by NUTS 2 region () Employment refers to all persons aged 20-64 who, during the reference week, performed work for pay, profit or family gain or were not at work because of illness, holidays, training or similar. The map shows the employed rate for the year. The line chart shows the evolution of the employment rate for the EU-28. People at risk of poverty or social exclusion Eurostat s definition of those at risk of poverty or social exclusion refers to the situation of people either at risk of poverty, or severely materially deprived or living in a household with a very low work intensity. The at-risk-of-poverty rate is the share of people with an equivalised disposable income (after social transfer) below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60% of the national median equivalised disposable income after social transfers. The material deprivation rate is an indicator that expresses the inability to afford some items considered by most people to be desirable or even necessary to lead an adequate life. The indicator concerning persons living in households with low work intensity is defined as the number of persons living in a household having a work intensity (ratio of number of worked months and months that could have been worked) below a threshold set at 0.20. The reduction of the number of persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU is one of the key targets of the Europe 2020 strategy. Austria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and the did not provide data broken down by region, therefore the national value has been represented on the map. Population aged 30-34 with tertiary education (ISCED 5-8) Tertiary education refers to categories five to eight of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). It is the level of education offered by universities, vocational universities, institutes of technology and other institutions that award academic degrees or higher professional certificates - bachelor, master or doctoral. The map represents the percentage of people aged 30-34 with a level of education higher than category five. One target of the Europe 2020 strategy is that by 2020 at least 40% of 30-34 year-olds should have completed tertiary education. Regular internet users The map shows regular internet users as a percentage of total population. Regular users of the internet are persons who use the internet on average at least once a week, every day or almost every day. Austria, Germany, Greece, Poland and did not provide data broken down by region for the year, therefore the national value has been represented on the map. European Structural and Investment Fund The graphic represents the European Structural and Investment fund allocation for the period 2020. Cohesion policy allocation includes: the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Social Fund (F), the Cohesion Fund (CF) and the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI). In the graph the interregional category is not represented and accounts for 9.1 billion. The upper pie chart represents the breakdown of the total funds per category. The lower one represents the top three Member State beneficiaries (Poland, Italy and Spain, 37%), top five (+ Romania and Germany, 50%) and top ten (+ France, Portugal, Hungary, Czech Republic and Greece, 76%) Notes Country code: Austria (), Belgium (), Bulgaria (), Cyprus (CY), Czech Republic (), Denmark (), Estonia (EE), Finland (), France (), Germany (), Greece (EL), Croatia (), Hungary (), Ireland (IE), Italy (IT), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Malta (MT), Netherlands (), Poland (), Portugal (), Romania (), Slovakia (), Slovenia (SI), Spain (), Sweden (), United Kingdom (), European Union (EU28). Data source: Eurostat and European Commission. Extraction date: May and June 2016. Disclaimer and Copyright. The content of this document is the sole responsibility of the author and any opinions expressed therein do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. It is addressed to the Members and staff of the EP for their parliamentary work. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. European Union, 2016. eprs@ep.europa.eu http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu (intranet) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank (internet) http://epthinktank.eu (blog) Members Research Service Page 8 of 8