DG Trade Statistical Guide Trade

DG Trade Statistical Guide 2016 Trade

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG Trade Chief Economist and Trade Analysis Statistics Sector E-mail: trade-statistics@ec.europa.eu

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG Trade Statistical Guide 2016 2016 Directorate General Trade

EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 Print ISBN 978-92-79-52788-3 ISSN 1977-7949 DOI 10.2781/72773 PDF ISBN 978-92-79-52787-6 ISSN 1977-7957 DOI 10.2781/068345 European Union, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Luxembourg PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF)

Introduction This Trade Statistical Pocket Guide contains selected tables and graphs that outline the current state of and recent developments in the European Union s (EU s) foreign trade, i.e. its trade with the rest of the world. It has been compiled for the benefit of the Directorate-General for Trade s (DG Trade s) policymakers. Statistics on trade in goods, trade in services and foreign direct investment are key elements in any description of the trade performance of the EU with the rest of the world. These are published by the statistical office of the EU (Eurostat) and by international organisations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The most recently available statistics have been included but databases are updated daily and small discrepancies are inevitable. The statistics are presented in the form of tables and graphs, broken down by the main trading partners, product category and year. Additional supportive statistics such as gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rates and trade by Member State have also been added. Further information about this booklet, its contents and the methodology used can be obtained from DG Trade s Statistics desk (trade-statistics@ ec.europa.eu). Brussels, January 2016

Table of Contents Glossary.... 6 SECTION 1 - WORLD TRADE.... 10 Global exports of goods (billion EUR)... 11 Global imports of goods (billion EUR)... 12 Global exports of services (billion EUR).... 13 Global imports of services (billion EUR)... 14 Global external trade balances (billion EUR).... 15 Trade in goods and services (% of GDP).... 16 Trade in goods and services in selected countries (% of GDP)... 17 Share in world trade in goods (%).... 18 Share in world trade in goods in selected countries (%)... 19 Share in world trade in services (%)... 20 Share in world trade in services selected countries (%)... 21 Share in world trade in goods and services (%).... 22 Share in world trade in goods and services in selected countries (%)... 23 Merchandise trade 2014 - Main trade partners by reporter... 24 Current account balance (% of GDP).... 25 SECTION 2 - FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) AND FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS)... 26 FDI inflows (billion EUR)... 27 FDI outflows (billion EUR)... 28 FDI inward stocks (billion EUR)... 29 FDI outward stocks (billion EUR)... 30 Inward FATS - Foreign enterprises in the EU-27 by controlling country (2012)... 31 Inward FATS - Persons employed in the EU-28 by controlling country (2012)... 32 Outward FATS - Foreign affiliates of EU enterprises by partner country (2012).... 33 Outward FATS - Persons employed in foreign affiliates of EU enterprises by partner country (2012)... 34 EU-28 FDI by leading partners, 2014 (billion EUR)... 35 SECTION 3 - EU TRADE.... 36 EU-28 merchandise trade with extra-eu-28 by sector (billion EUR, %).... 37 EU-28 merchandise exports to extra-eu-28 by sector, 2014 shares (%)... 38 EU-28 merchandise imports from extra-eu-28 by sector, 2014 shares (%)... 39 EU-28 merchandise exports to extra-eu-28 by sector (billion EUR)... 40 EU-28 merchandise imports from extra-eu-28 by sector (billion EUR).... 41 EU-28 merchandise trade with extra-eu-28, moving sums (billion EUR, %).... 42 EU-28 merchandise trade with extra-eu-28, year-on-year growth and moving sums (%, billion EUR)... 43 EU-28 trade of services with extra-eu-28 by type (billion EUR, %)... 44 EU-28 exports of services to extra-eu-28 by type, 2014 shares (%)... 45 EU-28 imports of services from extra-eu-28 by type, 2014 shares (%).... 46 EU-28 exports of services to extra-eu-28 by type (billion EUR).... 47 EU-28 imports of services from extra-eu-28 by type (billion EUR)... 48 EU-28 trade balance in goods by partner (billion EUR)... 49 EU-28 trade balance in services by partner (billion EUR)... 50 EU-28 trade balance in goods and services by partner (billion EUR)... 51 EU-28 trade in goods by FTA partner (billion EUR, %)... 52 EU-28 merchandise trade by statistical regime, selected partners, 2014 (billion EUR, %). 54 EU-28 trade in goods by leading trade partners, 2014 (billion EUR, %)... 55 EU-28 trade in services by leading trade partners, 2014 (billion EUR, %).... 56 TEC - Total EU exporting enterprises and value and share of exporting SMEs to total in 2012... 57 SECTION 4 - TRADE BY MEMBER STATE... 58 EU-28 trade in goods with extra-eu-28 by Member State (billion EUR)... 59 EU-28 trade in services with extra-eu-28 by Member State (billion EUR)... 60 Intra-EU merchandise trade by Member State, 2014 (%)... 61

SECTION 5 - SUPPORT STATISTICS... 62 Bound and applied import duties simple averages... 63 GDP (current price, billion EUR)... 64 Share in World GDP (PPP, %)... 65 Share of World GDP of selected countries (PPP, %).... 66 GDP per capita (PPP).... 67 Euro exchange rates with main national currencies (units of national currency per euros).... 68 Euro exchange rates with selected national currencies (units of national currency per euros - 2004 = 100).... 69

GLOSSARY

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (BOP) The BoP is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, over a given period of time, all the transactions of an economy with the rest of the world. The BoP records all economic transactions undertaken between residents and non-residents of a country during a given period. The BoP is broken down into three broad sub-balances. Current account This shows the flow of goods, services, income and current transfers between resident and non-resident units. Capital account This covers all transactions involving: (a) the receipt or payment of capital transfers (debt forgiveness, migrant s transfers, transfers of ownership of fixed assets, transfers linked to, or conditional on, the acquisition or disposal of fixed assets, etc.); (b) the acquisition/disposal of non-produced, non-financial assets, which includes transactions associated with tangible assets (e.g. land and subsoil assets) and transactions associated with intangible assets (e.g. patents, copyrights, trademarks, franchises, etc.). Financial account This covers all transactions associated with changes of ownership in the foreign financial assets and liabilities of an economy. The methodological framework followed in the compilation of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position is defined in the sixth edition of the International Monetary Fund Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6), published in 2009. The Balance of Payments Manual fifth edition (BPM5), published in 1993, was the reference for the data produced by the EU Member States, EFTA and EU candidate countries, and published by Eurostat until 2014. Time series according to BPM5 continue to be disseminated in Eurostat database but are no longer revised. SERVICES Services are one of the categories of the current account. The main breakdown of services includes twelve categories. Two new categories were introduced with the change from BPM5 to BPM6 ( Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others and Maintenance and repair services ), while previous categories were in most cases redefined according to new definitions and calculation methods. In this Pocket Guide, EU and Member States figures in section 1 are reported according to BPM5 to ensure consistency with WTO data. Also, BPM5 service categories and figures will be used to display a consistent series between 2004 and 2013. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) FDI is the category of international investment made by an entity resident in one economy (direct investor) to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in another economy (direct investment enterprise). The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the direct investor acquires at least 10 % of the voting power of the direct investment enterprise. Two main indicators are used: 1) FDI flows denote the new investment made during the period; 2) FDI stocks (or positions) denote the value of the investment at the end of the period. For both of these, FDI statistics record separately: 1) the inward FDI (or FDI in the reporting economy), namely investment by foreigners in enterprises resident in the reporting economy; 2) the outward FDI (or FDI abroad), namely investment by resident entities in affiliated enterprises abroad. The change to BPM6 from BPM5 implied the introduction of separate recording for some items, mainly reverse investment (although not in yearly statistics), FDI between fellow enterprises and FDI by resident special purpose entities (SPEs). These changes affect comparability, which will be limited for the series up to 2012 and from 2013. GLOSSARY 7

FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) FATS measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets. Inward FATS describe the overall activity of foreign affiliates resident in the compiling economy. Outward FATS describes the activities of foreign affiliates abroad controlled by residents of the compiling country. A foreign affiliate in inward FATS is an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which an institutional unit not resident in the compiling country has control. A foreign affiliate in outward FATS is instead an enterprise or branch not resident in the compiling country over which an institutional unit resident in the compiling country has direct or indirect control. Control is the ability to determine the general policy of the affiliate by appointing appropriate managers, if necessary. Most of the time, control is determined by taking into account the share of ownership, although other criteria might be relevant and used. INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS BY ENTERPRISE CHARACTERISTICS (TEC) TEC is a statistical domain aimed to describe various aspects of the structure of international trade from the viewpoint of the characteristics of the trading enterprises such as size of the enterprise and sector of main activity. TEC is compiled by linking micro data on international trade in goods with business registers. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) As an aggregate measure of production, the GDP of a country is equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). PURCHASING POWER PARITY (PPP) Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an indicator of price level differences across countries. It measures the number of units of country B s currency that are needed in country B to purchase the same quantity of an individual good or service, as one unit of country A s currency will purchase in country A. PPPs are therefore the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries. TRADE IN GOODS: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS Harmonized System (HS) The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, more briefly known as the HS, is a multipurpose international product nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO). The HS is organised into 21 sections and 96 chapters. It comprises around 5 000 commodity groups, each identified by a 6-digit code. Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) The SITC is a product classification of the UN used for external trade statistics (export and import values and volumes of goods). It is designed to provide the commodity aggregates for purposes of economic analysis and to facilitate international comparisons of trade-by-commodity data. It is divided into 10 basic sections. TRADE IN GOODS: STATISTICAL REGIME Merchandise trade statistics included in this booklet are based on the general trade system (also known as Statistical regime 4 or Total trade ). In this system, the recorded aggregates include all goods entering or leaving the economic territory of a country with the exception of simple transit trade. In particular, all goods received into customs warehouses are recorded as imports, regardless of whether they subsequently go into free circulation in the Member State of receipt. Similarly, outgoing goods from customs warehouses are included in the general trade aggregates, at the time they leave the Member State. This general system is the result of three other regimes, presented below. Normal trade: goods are exported definitively, or imported and released into free circulation in the EU customs territory. 8 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Trade under inward processing procedures: goods are imported temporarily (with an exemption from duties, levies or other checks) so that they can be further processed (assembled or transformed), and then all the resulting processed products are exported outside the EU. Trade under outward processing procedures: intermediate goods are temporarily exported for further processing in a non-eu country, and the processed products are re-imported into the EU (with a full or partial exemption from custom duties and levies). TRADE IN GOODS: INTRA-EU AND EXTRA-EU TRADE FLOWS IMPORT DUTIES Bound import duties These are the legally bound commitments on customs duty rates, which act as ceilings on the tariffs that member governments can set (WTO). Applied import duties These are the rates that governments actually charge on imports, which can be lower than bound rates and have a direct impact on trade (WTO). Whereas an applied duty cannot exceed a bound duty, average applied duties exceed in some cases average bound duties. This can occur if the averages are calculated over different tariff nomenclatures. Outward flows from a Member State to a non-member country (extra-eu) are called exports ; outward flows from one Member State to another (intra-eu) are called dispatches. Inward flows into a Member State from a non-member country are called imports. Inward flows into a Member State from another Member State are called arrivals. For methodological reasons, international trade in goods statistics are accurate at EU level. At Member State level inaccuracies can arise because of the Rotterdam effect : a Member State receiving a good from a non-eu country is not necessarily the Member State of final destination and a Member State sending a good to a non-eu country is not necessarily the Member State of origin of the good. NOTE ON DATA PRESENTATION Footnotes are provided under each table and figure to provide information on data sources and information on particular values or series. Data values in Italics are estimated or provisional. GLOSSARY 9

WORLD TRADE

Global exports of goods (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 5 327.7 6 214.9 7 145.5 7 551.0 8 247.6 6 787.2 8 984.6 10 351.4 11 556.1 11 429.1 11 366.0 Argentina 27.8 32.4 37.1 40.7 47.6 39.9 51.4 60.4 62.5 61.5 54.2 Australia 69.6 85.3 98.3 103.1 127.3 110.6 160.4 195.2 199.8 190.5 181.6 Brazil 77.7 95.3 109.8 117.2 134.6 109.7 152.3 183.9 188.8 182.2 169.4 Canada 254.7 289.7 309.2 307.0 310.4 226.6 292.3 324.2 354.6 345.1 357.3 China 477.0 612.5 771.7 890.5 972.7 861.5 1 190.1 1 363.8 1 594.6 1 663.3 1 763.1 India 61.6 80.1 97.0 109.6 132.5 118.2 170.7 217.6 231.0 237.1 242.1 Indonesia 56.9 69.9 82.5 86.1 94.9 85.8 119.0 146.2 147.9 137.5 132.7 Japan 454.8 478.2 515.1 521.2 531.3 416.3 580.7 591.4 621.6 538.4 514.8 Mexico 151.1 172.2 199.1 198.3 198.0 164.7 225.0 251.1 288.5 286.1 299.2 Russia 147.3 196.0 241.8 258.6 320.6 217.5 302.2 375.0 411.9 394.0 374.7 Saudi Arabia 101.3 145.3 168.3 170.3 213.1 137.9 189.4 262.0 302.3 283.1 266.3 South Africa 37.1 41.5 46.3 50.9 54.9 44.2 68.9 78.2 77.5 72.2 68.5 South Korea 204.1 228.6 259.2 271.1 286.9 260.6 351.8 398.9 426.4 421.4 431.1 Turkey 50.8 59.1 68.1 78.3 89.8 73.2 85.9 96.9 118.7 114.3 118.6 United States 655.1 724.3 817.1 837.8 875.3 757.1 964.4 1 065.0 1 203.1 1 189.4 1 219.8 EU-28 (**) 945.2 1 049.5 1 152.5 1 234.5 1 309.1 1 094.0 1 353.2 1 554.2 1 684.3 1 736.3 1 702.0 France 123.2 135.6 135.8 140.3 150.9 130.3 154.2 167.1 181.7 177.6 174.3 Germany 257.0 276.6 318.6 337.4 357.7 300.0 376.7 428.9 471.0 469.4 476.4 Italy 106.3 113.9 126.2 139.8 148.7 121.4 141.9 163.0 178.3 180.4 180.0 United Kingdom 114.9 136.3 134.0 135.7 142.5 114.4 148.1 181.2 183.0 229.8 198.2 (*) Coverage: World (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU-28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), WTO. WORLD TRADE 11

Global imports of goods (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 5 687.2 6 576.0 7 487.5 7 840.0 8 602.5 7 016.1 9 215.2 10 538.0 11 794.0 11 553.7 11 513.3 Argentina 18.0 23.1 27.2 32.6 39.1 27.8 42.8 53.4 52.9 55.5 49.2 Australia 87.9 100.7 110.9 120.6 136.2 118.6 152.1 175.1 203.1 182.3 178.3 Brazil 53.4 62.4 76.3 92.4 124.0 95.8 144.5 170.2 181.7 188.7 180.0 Canada 225.0 259.2 285.9 284.7 284.9 236.5 303.8 333.1 369.7 357.1 357.5 China 451.2 530.5 630.3 697.6 770.0 721.2 1 053.2 1 252.5 1 415.3 1 468.3 1 474.9 India 80.2 114.8 142.1 167.4 218.3 184.4 264.2 333.7 381.1 350.4 348.5 Indonesia 44.1 60.9 64.2 67.9 86.7 67.2 102.3 127.5 149.2 140.5 134.1 Japan 365.4 414.7 461.2 454.0 518.4 395.7 523.5 614.5 689.5 627.3 618.9 Mexico 162.6 183.5 209.8 211.8 216.4 173.2 234.0 259.4 296.1 294.4 309.8 Russia 78.3 100.8 130.8 163.1 198.4 137.5 187.5 232.6 261.1 257.0 231.9 Saudi Arabia 38.1 47.8 55.6 65.8 78.3 68.5 80.6 94.5 121.1 126.6 122.7 South Africa 43.0 50.1 62.7 64.5 69.1 53.1 73.0 89.4 99.0 95.1 91.8 South Korea 180.5 210.0 246.4 260.4 295.9 231.6 320.7 376.7 404.4 388.2 395.6 Turkey 78.4 93.9 111.2 124.1 137.3 101.0 140.0 173.0 184.1 189.5 182.3 United States 1 226.5 1 392.7 1 527.6 1 474.2 1 475.0 1 150.9 1 485.4 1 627.9 1 818.6 1 753.7 1 816.0 EU-28 (**) 1 027.4 1 183.9 1 368.3 1 450.3 1 585.2 1 235.6 1 529.4 1 726.7 1 795.1 1 684.2 1 688.8 France 114.9 131.4 132.8 140.2 154.9 123.2 145.4 168.7 172.9 165.4 164.7 Germany 197.0 221.3 261.2 271.8 292.2 234.6 292.1 329.0 327.6 314.3 313.8 Italy 106.7 124.1 148.0 156.5 171.9 125.4 164.5 184.2 177.5 160.8 153.0 United Kingdom 166.3 183.6 213.5 215.6 217.5 188.2 227.0 252.4 283.4 239.4 244.3 (*) Coverage: World (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU-28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), WTO. 12 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Global exports of services (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 b 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 1 335.9 1 586.7 1 783.3 1 949.1 2 047.8 1 929.5 2 234.9 2 380.3 2 712.7 2 752.5 2 924.7 Argentina 4.3 5.2 6.2 7.4 8.1 7.7 10.2 11.1 11.7 11.0 10.3 Australia 22.9 24.5 26.3 29.5 29.3 28.6 35.2 37.8 42.0 40.3 40.8 Brazil 10.1 12.4 14.7 17.5 20.7 19.9 23.8 27.4 31.0 29.5 30.2 Canada 40.4 48.4 52.8 51.6 51.0 49.2 58.0 61.2 70.1 67.7 65.0 China 52.2 71.7 90.7 107.6 112.9 103.4 129.4 132.7 168.2 156.6 175.8 India 30.8 41.9 55.3 63.2 72.1 66.6 88.3 99.5 113.3 111.9 117.6 Indonesia 9.7 10.9 9.2 9.2 10.5 9.5 12.7 15.7 18.4 17.3 17.7 Japan 78.4 82.0 87.1 88.7 95.9 86.7 98.9 98.8 104.4 101.8 122.3 Mexico 11.0 12.6 12.7 12.6 12.0 10.6 11.5 11.2 12.6 15.1 15.8 Russia 16.6 23.2 28.4 32.0 38.8 32.8 37.1 41.7 48.5 52.8 49.5 Saudi Arabia 4.7 9.2 11.3 12.0 6.4 b 7.0 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 South Africa 7.9 9.5 10.4 10.8 9.5 9.5 12.1 12.5 13.7 12.7 12.7 South Korea 35.8 40.8 45.6 52.3 62.1 52.2 62.8 65.3 80.6 78.1 80.4 Turkey 18.8 22.4 20.8 21.9 25.2 25.7 27.6 29.7 34.0 35.5 38.1 United States 276.1 299.8 331.9 356.4 362.3 367.6 424.9 451.0 509.7 517.6 534.0 EU-28 (**) 366.7 405.2 452.4 506.1 525.3 512.2 569.5 b 615.3 680.7 719.6 764.9 France 41.3 44.7 47.3 51.1 54.3 68.8 67.2 73.5 b 81.8 85.7 94.1 Germany 55.2 62.6 68.9 76.2 82.8 80.0 81.7 b 86.6 94.0 99.1 103.3 Italy 24.4 26.8 30.3 30.0 32.6 28.9 31.7 b 34.2 39.5 39.1 40.2 United Kingdom 94.2 97.4 112.2 125.5 116.2 113.4 122.8 b 129.2 147.0 162.5 171.8 (*) Coverage: World (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. (b) break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Sources : Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. WORLD TRADE 13

Global imports of services (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 b 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 1 306.0 1 550.4 1 736.9 1 867.6 2 007.0 1 878.5 2 206.0 2 345.2 2 668.0 2 714.2 2 901.8 Argentina 5.3 6.0 6.7 7.8 9.0 8.7 11.0 12.7 14.1 13.9 12.6 Australia 22.5 25.0 26.5 30.6 33.3 30.3 38.9 45.0 51.9 51.3 47.8 Brazil 13.9 18.9 22.4 27.1 32.1 33.7 47.1 54.7 63.0 64.9 66.6 Canada 47.3 52.4 58.1 60.0 60.7 59.4 74.1 77.1 87.8 84.5 80.6 China 58.5 67.7 80.5 95.1 108.1 114.2 146.3 171.6 219.5 249.7 288.8 India 28.7 37.9 46.6 51.2 59.7 57.6 86.5 89.8 100.9 95.1 111.3 Indonesia 16.8 18.3 19.1 19.1 20.4 17.5 20.0 22.8 26.6 26.4 25.2 Japan 106.0 111.8 112.6 115.7 121.6 111.7 124.2 126.2 143.8 128.7 144.5 Mexico 15.5 18.3 18.8 18.2 17.4 18.0 19.5 21.8 23.9 24.2 26.3 Russia 26.8 32.5 36.9 44.2 52.7 45.5 56.8 65.7 84.8 96.7 91.1 Saudi Arabia 20.7 26.6 39.5 46.0 51.1 b 53.8 57.9 56.0 57.1 57.7 73.0 South Africa 8.3 9.8 11.3 11.9 11.6 11.0 14.8 15.0 14.7 13.6 12.8 South Korea 40.6 48.1 56.1 61.9 66.5 59.0 73.5 74.1 84.6 83.0 86.6 Turkey 8.3 9.6 9.8 11.7 12.5 12.4 15.0 15.2 16.5 18.3 19.1 United States 226.7 244.7 271.7 271.9 278.1 277.3 308.8 313.0 350.5 348.0 358.2 EU-28 (**) 321.4 351.9 381.4 419.1 454.0 429.1 461.6 b 479.4 517.8 544.1 602.0 France 38.9 41.2 43.0 44.6 46.0 53.5 53.9 61.4 b 62.6 69.2 78.1 Germany 65.1 72.9 76.7 81.2 85.4 77.4 84.2 b 89.8 98.9 105.4 106.4 Italy 24.1 26.6 30.1 33.4 38.4 32.6 33.8 b 33.5 34.0 33.1 33.0 United Kingdom 55.6 60.3 65.6 69.8 67.9 60.6 70.0 b 71.2 76.3 80.8 82.5 (*) Coverage: World (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. (b) break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Sources : Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. 14 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Global external trade balances (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 b 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Argentina 8.7 8.5 9.4 7.7 7.6 11.1 7.7 5.4 7.1 3.1 2.7 Australia 17.9 15.9 12.7 18.6 12.9 9.7 4.6 13.0 13.2 2.8 3.7 Brazil 20.6 26.4 25.7 15.2 0.8 0.1 15.4 13.6 24.8 41.9 46.9 Canada 22.8 26.6 18.0 13.9 15.8 20.1 27.5 24.7 32.7 28.8 15.8 China 19.5 86.0 151.6 205.4 207.4 129.5 119.9 72.4 128.0 102.0 175.3 India 16.5 30.7 36.4 45.8 73.4 57.2 91.7 106.4 137.8 96.5 100.2 Indonesia 5.7 1.7 8.3 8.2 1.7 10.6 9.5 11.7 9.5 12.2 9.0 Japan 61.8 33.8 28.4 40.2 12.9 4.4 31.8 50.6 107.3 115.7 126.3 Mexico 16.0 17.0 16.9 19.0 23.8 15.8 16.9 18.9 19.0 17.3 21.0 Russia 58.8 85.8 102.5 83.3 108.3 67.4 95.0 118.3 114.6 93.1 101.2 Saudi Arabia 47.3 80.0 84.5 70.4 90.1 b 22.6 59.0 119.7 132.7 107.6 79.9 South Africa 6.3 8.8 17.2 14.6 16.2 10.4 6.8 13.7 22.4 23.8 23.4 South Korea 18.8 11.3 2.3 1.0 13.5 22.1 20.3 13.3 18.0 28.3 29.3 Turkey 17.2 22.0 32.0 35.6 34.8 14.5 41.5 61.6 47.9 58.0 44.7 United States 522.0 613.3 650.3 551.9 515.6 303.5 404.8 424.9 456.4 394.7 420.3 EU-28 (**) 36.9 81.2 144.8 128.8 204.8 58.6 68.4 b 36.6 52.1 227.7 176.1 France 10.7 7.6 7.3 6.6 4.3 22.3 22.0 10.5 b 28.1 28.8 25.7 Germany 50.1 44.9 49.6 60.6 62.8 68.0 82.1 b 96.8 138.4 148.8 159.6 Italy 0.2 10.0 21.6 20.1 29.0 7.6 24.7 b 20.5 6.3 25.6 34.3 United Kingdom 12.7 10.3 32.8 24.1 26.8 21.0 26.0 b 13.2 29.8 72.1 43.2 (*) Coverage: World (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. (b) break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. WORLD TRADE 15

Trade in goods and services (% of GDP) Country 2004 2005 b 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 39.1 42.1 44.7 45.8 48.8 41.2 45.9 49.2 50.0 50.1 49.4 Argentina 37.9 37.6 36.9 36.8 37.8 31.1 33.2 34.3 29.9 30.3 30.9 Australia 38.5 39.9 42.1 41.1 46.3 40.9 41.2 42.0 41.0 41.2 41.3 Brazil 28.8 26.3 25.3 25.0 27.0 21.7 22.1 23.2 24.7 25.8 25.3 Canada 69.3 69.4 67.6 66.1 67.4 58.2 59.8 61.9 61.8 61.7 64.0 China 66.5 70.3 72.4 69.7 63.4 49.6 55.3 54.3 51.6 49.5 47.5 India 34.7 41.0 45.1 43.3 58.0 43.6 47.3 55.9 57.8 56.3 53.1 Indonesia 56.7 64.0 55.5 53.1 56.0 43.5 44.6 48.7 47.8 46.8 46.3 Japan 26.8 29.6 33.9 37.1 38.4 28.0 32.0 33.7 33.6 37.7 40.4 Mexico 54.9 55.5 57.2 57.9 59.3 57.1 61.8 64.6 67.2 65.2 67.0 Russia 56.6 57.4 55.5 52.5 54.1 49.4 50.7 52.3 51.4 51.1 53.4 Saudi Arabia 79.2 86.7 91.6 97.0 98.7 b 86.8 84.6 87.5 85.6 85.0 83.9 South Africa 52.3 53.5 60.4 63.3 74.3 55.3 59.6 65.1 66.3 70.2 70.5 South Korea 75.0 73.1 75.3 78.8 104.4 93.3 98.0 105.9 104.7 98.7 93.6 Turkey 49.6 47.6 49.8 50.0 53.3 48.2 48.7 56.6 57.6 57.7 59.6 United States 24.2 25.3 26.7 27.8 29.9 24.7 28.2 31.0 30.9 30.4 30.1 EU-28 (**) 24.2 26.0 27.6 28.0 29.9 26.8 30.6 b 33.2 34.8 34.6 34.1 France 18.6 19.9 19.4 19.3 20.3 19.4 21.0 22.9 b 23.9 23.5 24.0 Germany 25.3 27.5 30.3 30.5 31.9 28.2 32.3 b 34.6 36.0 35.0 34.3 Italy 18.0 19.5 21.6 22.3 24.0 19.6 23.1 b 25.3 26.6 25.7 25.1 United Kingdom 23.3 24.6 25.5 25.3 28.7 28.8 31.3 b 34.0 33.8 35.3 31.4 (*) Coverage: World (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. (b) break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Ratio = (imports + exports) / GDP. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO, IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2015). 16 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Trade in goods and services in selected countries (% of GDP) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Brazil China EU-28 (*) India Japan Russia United States (*) Trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. Ratio = (imports + exports) / GDP. Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (bop_its_tot), WTO, IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2015). WORLD TRADE 17

Share in world trade in goods (%) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Argentina 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Australia 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 Brazil 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 Canada 4.4 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 China 8.4 8.9 9.6 10.3 10.3 11.5 12.3 12.5 12.9 13.6 14.2 India 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 Indonesia 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 Japan 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.0 Mexico 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 Russia 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 Saudi Arabia 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 South Africa 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 South Korea 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6 Turkey 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 United States 17.1 16.6 16.0 15.0 13.9 13.8 13.5 12.9 12.9 12.8 13.3 EU-28 (**) 17.9 17.5 17.2 17.4 17.2 16.9 15.8 15.7 14.9 14.9 14.8 France 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 Germany 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 Italy 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 United Kingdom 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 (*) Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-eu trade. (**) For EU-28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), WTO. 18 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Share in world trade in goods in selected countries (%) 20 15 10 5 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Brazil China EU-28 (*) India Japan Russia United States (*) Trade with extra EU-28. Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-eu trade. WORLD TRADE 19

Share in world trade in services (%) Country 2004 2005 b 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Argentina 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Australia 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 Brazil 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Canada 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.5 China 4.2 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.4 8.0 India 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 Indonesia 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 Japan 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.6 Mexico 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Russia 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.4 Saudi Arabia 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4 b 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 South Africa 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 South Korea 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9 Turkey 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 United States 19.0 17.4 17.1 16.5 15.8 16.9 16.5 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.3 EU-28 (**) 26.0 24.1 23.7 24.2 24.2 24.7 23.2 b 23.2 22.3 23.1 23.5 France 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.2 2.7 2.9 b 2.7 2.8 3.0 Germany 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.7 b 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 Italy 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 b 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 United Kingdom 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 b 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.4 (*) Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-eu trade. (**) For EU-28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. (b) break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Sources : Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. 20 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Share in world trade in services in selected countries (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Brazil China EU-28 (*) India Japan Russia United States (*) Trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-eu trade. Sources: Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. WORLD TRADE 21

Share in world trade in goods and services (%) Country 2004 2005 b 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Argentina 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Australia 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 Brazil 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 Canada 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 China 7.6 8.1 8.7 9.3 9.4 10.2 11.1 11.4 11.8 12.4 12.9 India 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 Indonesia 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 Japan 7.4 6.8 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.4 4.9 4.9 Mexico 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 Russia 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 Saudi Arabia 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 b 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 South Africa 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 South Korea 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 Turkey 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 United States 17.5 16.7 16.2 15.3 14.3 14.5 14.1 13.5 13.5 13.4 13.7 EU-28 (**) 19.5 18.8 18.5 18.8 18.5 18.6 17.3 b 17.1 16.3 16.5 16.6 France 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 b 1.7 1.7 1.8 Germany 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 b 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 Italy 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 b 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 United Kingdom 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 b 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 (*) Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-eu trade. (**) For EU-28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. (b) break in data continuity (services). Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. 22 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Share in world trade in goods and services in selected countries (%) 20 15 10 5 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Brazil China EU-28 (*) India Japan Russia United States (*) Trade with extra EU-28; services are for EU-27 before 2010. Coverage: shares in world trade excluding intra-eu trade. Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (bop_its_tot; bop_its6_tot), WTO. WORLD TRADE 23

Source : IMF DoTS. 24 Trade statistical guide - 2016

Current account balance (% of GDP) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Argentina 1.4 2.0 2.7 2.0 1.5 2.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.0 Australia 6.3 5.9 5.8 6.7 5.0 4.7 3.6 2.9 4.3 3.4 3.0 Brazil 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.1 1.7 1.5 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.8 4.4 Canada 2.3 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.1 2.9 3.5 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.1 China 3.6 5.8 8.5 10.0 9.2 4.8 3.9 1.8 2.5 1.6 2.1 India 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.8 4.2 4.8 1.7 1.3 Indonesia 1.9 0.5 2.4 1.4 0.0 1.8 0.7 0.2 2.7 3.2 3.0 Japan 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.9 2.9 2.9 4.0 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 Mexico 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.9 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.4 2.4 1.9 Russia 10.1 11.1 9.3 5.5 6.3 4.1 4.4 5.1 3.5 1.6 3.2 Saudi Arabia 20.1 27.4 26.3 22.5 25.5 4.9 12.7 23.7 22.4 18.2 10.3 South Africa 2.8 3.1 4.5 5.4 5.5 2.7 1.5 2.2 5.0 5.8 5.4 South Korea 3.9 1.4 0.4 1.1 0.3 3.7 2.6 1.6 4.2 6.2 6.3 Turkey 3.6 4.4 6.0 5.8 5.5 2.0 6.2 9.7 6.2 7.9 5.8 United States 5.2 5.7 5.8 5.0 4.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.2 EU-28 (*) 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 France 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 Germany 4.4 4.6 5.7 6.7 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.1 6.8 6.4 7.4 Italy 0.4 0.9 1.5 1.4 2.8 1.9 3.5 3.1 0.4 0.9 1.9 United Kingdom 2.0 1.3 2.2 2.7 3.7 2.8 2.6 1.7 3.7 4.5 5.9 (*) EU-28, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom: current account with the world. Source : IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2015). WORLD TRADE 25

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS)

Global FDI inflows (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 363.0 283.9 614.2 732.3 609.3 611.7 742.8 638.6 895.8 1 023.0 b 786.7 Argentina 3.3 4.2 4.4 4.7 6.6 2.9 8.5 7.8 11.9 8.5 5.0 Australia 31.8 22.7 21.0 30.3 31.9 22.7 27.5 41.0 43.4 40.8 39.0 Brazil 14.6 12.1 15.0 25.2 30.6 18.6 36.6 47.9 50.8 48.2 47.0 Canada 0.4 20.7 48.0 85.2 41.8 16.3 21.4 28.5 30.6 53.1 40.5 China 48.7 58.2 57.9 60.9 73.6 68.1 86.5 89.1 94.2 93.3 96.7 India 4.6 6.1 16.2 18.5 32.0 25.5 20.7 26.0 18.8 21.2 25.9 Indonesia 1.5 6.7 3.9 5.1 6.3 3.5 10.4 13.8 14.9 14.2 17.0 Japan 6.3 2.2 5.2 16.5 16.6 8.6 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 Mexico 20.2 19.9 16.7 23.6 19.5 12.7 19.7 16.8 14.7 33.6 17.2 Russia 12.4 12.5 29.9 40.8 50.8 26.2 32.6 39.6 39.4 52.1 15.8 Saudi Arabia 1.6 9.7 14.6 17.7 26.8 26.1 22.1 11.7 9.5 6.7 6.0 South Africa 0.6 5.3 0.2 4.8 6.3 5.4 2.7 3.0 3.5 6.2 4.3 South Korea 10.7 11.0 7.3 6.4 7.6 6.5 7.2 7.0 7.4 9.6 7.5 Turkey 2.2 8.1 16.1 16.1 13.5 6.2 6.9 11.6 10.3 9.3 9.1 United States 109.2 84.2 188.9 157.6 208.3 103.0 149.4 165.1 132.1 173.8 69.5 EU (**) 58.3 129.7 231.2 432.1 182.2 b 274.6 224.5 424.7 309.8 125.6 b 82.8 France 1.6 13.5 16.1 15.1 12.8 8.4 3.8 5.5 b 5.6 12.5 b 4.1 Germany 4.8 4.7 24.3 12.3 1.2 3.0 17.3 18.7 b 16.9 16.9 b 11.6 Italy : 1.9 2.9 1.5 7.4 0.4 7.5 2.3 9.0 6.3 b 2.7 United Kingdom : 37.7 54.5 78.6 31.1 26.1 45.1 12.9 22.2 24.1 b 24.7 (*) Coverage: world (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: FDI with extra-eu. (b) break in series (EU FDI is calculated according to BPM6). EU-28 for "EU" after 2008, for France and Germany after 2010, for Italy and UK after 2012. BPM6 after 2012. (:) not available. Sources : Eurostat (bop_fdi_main; bop_fdi6_flow), UNCTAD. Eurostat and UNCTAD cannot be directly compared because of methodological differences. SPEs are included in France's, Germany's and Italy's figures; for EU and UK until 2012. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 27

Global FDI outflows (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 486.7 210.6 508.7 840.0 611.2 509.8 759.4 643.0 828.6 876.1 b 901.7 Argentina 0.5 1.1 1.9 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.6 Australia 5.9 28.8 15.9 8.7 20.7 11.8 14.9 1.2 4.3 2.3 0.3 Brazil 7.9 2.0 22.5 5.2 13.9 7.2 8.7 0.7 2.2 2.6 2.7 Canada 34.8 22.1 36.8 47.2 53.9 28.4 26.2 37.5 42.0 38.1 39.6 China 4.4 9.9 16.9 19.3 38.0 40.5 51.9 53.6 68.3 76.0 87.3 India 1.7 2.4 11.4 12.6 14.4 11.5 12.0 8.9 6.6 1.3 7.4 Indonesia 2.7 2.5 2.2 3.4 4.0 1.6 2.0 5.5 4.2 5.0 5.3 Japan 24.9 36.8 40.0 53.7 87.0 53.6 42.4 77.3 95.4 102.2 85.5 Mexico 3.6 5.2 4.6 6.0 0.8 6.9 11.4 9.1 17.5 9.9 3.9 Russia 11.1 14.4 23.9 32.7 37.8 31.0 39.7 48.0 38.0 65.1 42.5 Saudi Arabia 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 2.4 1.6 2.9 2.5 3.4 3.7 4.1 South Africa 1.1 0.7 4.8 2.2 2.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 2.3 5.0 5.2 South Korea 5.8 6.7 10.2 16.1 13.3 12.5 21.3 21.3 23.8 21.4 23.0 Turkey 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.7 3.2 2.7 5.0 United States 237.1 12.4 178.6 287.1 209.6 206.4 209.5 284.9 242.3 247.2 253.6 EU (**) 142.3 239.9 317.7 564.2 379.0 b 329.7 303.4 470.1 317.4 150.5 b 112.5 France 5.3 27.3 41.5 26.9 42.4 17.3 19.8 25.7 b 13.3 5.6 b 11.7 Germany 6.4 17.2 36.0 46.8 4.1 13.3 36.0 22.7 b 10.9 35.0 b 19.1 Italy : 6.1 15.0 0.3 14.9 4.4 17.0 14.9 23.1 3.0 b 9.9 United Kingdom : 45.5 62.9 130.5 65.3 36.1 18.3 51.7 43.8 11.3 b 23.1 (*) Coverage: world (excluding intra-eu trade). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: FDI with extra-eu. (b) break in series (EU FDI is calculated according to BPM6). EU-28 for "EU" after 2008, for France and Germany after 2010, for Italy and UK after 2012. BPM6 after 2012. (:) not available. Sources : Eurostat (bop_fdi_main; bop_fdi6_flow), UNCTAD. Eurostat and UNCTAD cannot be directly compared because of methodological differences. SPEs are included in France's, Germany's and Italy's figures; for EU and UK until 2012. 28 Trade statistical guide - 2015

Global FDI inward stocks (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 4 961.8 4 977.0 6 332.6 7 247.3 4 793.7 6 877.9 8 747.4 8 480.4 10 686.4 14 573.9 b 14 403.5 Argentina 42.2 44.3 48.0 49.3 52.4 57.3 66.7 67.0 78.5 83.8 85.9 Australia 233.9 199.1 240.6 285.9 209.2 315.0 397.6 397.9 475.6 422.8 425.0 Brazil 129.6 145.8 175.7 226.0 195.6 287.4 514.7 500.3 579.1 563.1 568.1 Canada 253.4 274.6 298.8 378.3 305.7 393.1 446.5 424.6 495.7 489.7 475.2 China 197.3 218.7 233.0 238.7 257.1 339.2 443.4 511.4 648.3 720.4 816.9 India 30.6 34.7 56.4 77.2 85.1 122.8 155.1 148.2 175.1 170.6 189.9 Indonesia 12.7 33.1 43.4 58.3 49.1 78.0 121.2 132.8 164.7 173.8 190.5 Japan 78.0 81.1 85.7 96.9 138.3 143.5 162.1 162.2 160.1 128.5 128.4 Mexico 154.9 188.2 213.1 217.7 170.1 219.2 274.4 243.5 285.3 295.1 254.4 Russia 98.3 144.9 211.7 358.3 146.7 271.6 370.0 326.8 400.8 425.9 284.9 Saudi Arabia 16.4 27.0 40.3 53.6 76.8 106.2 133.0 134.2 154.9 156.5 162.5 South Africa 64.5 77.7 85.2 96.2 56.9 99.5 135.4 114.5 127.3 114.5 109.4 South Korea 70.6 84.3 92.2 89.0 64.4 87.4 102.2 97.1 122.9 136.2 137.0 Turkey 31.0 57.3 75.8 113.2 54.7 103.0 141.1 98.1 147.9 112.3 126.9 United States 2 184.6 2 265.1 2 622.7 2 591.2 1 690.5 2 147.6 2 581.5 2 513.5 3 058.1 3 754.2 4 072.2 EU (**) 1 611.7 1 835.1 2 022.7 2 415.4 2 497.0 b 2 784.8 3 145.1 3 720.3 3 905.9 1 402.7 b 1 679.9 France 130.9 139.1 151.7 168.7 174.4 179.7 181.2 140.9 b 147.5 154.4 b 153.3 Germany 150.3 : : 178.3 170.3 166.8 180.5 188.9 197.9 172.6 b 203.3 Italy 45.1 48.8 52.2 20.5 27.9 35.3 27.2 29.7 38.5 27.3 b 28.6 United Kingdom : 355.8 417.6 424.7 341.0 358.7 432.0 503.7 575.8 444.7 b 613.4 (*) Coverage: world (excluding intra-eu FDI). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: FDI with extra-eu. (b) break in series (EU FDI is calculated according to BPM6). EU-28 for "EU" after 2008, for France after 2010, for Germany, Italy and UK after 2012. BPM6 after 2012. (:) not available. Sources : Eurostat (bop_fdi_main; bop_fdi6_pos), UNCTAD. Eurostat and UNCTAD cannot be directly compared because of methodological differences. SPEs are included in France's, Germany's and Italy's figures; for EU and UK until 2012. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 29

Global FDI outward stocks (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 World (*) 5 238.3 5 527.3 7 264.3 8 130.6 5 177.2 7 589.8 9 085.9 8 358.0 10 594.7 14 913.9 b 14 647.9 Argentina 17.5 18.8 20.6 20.1 19.6 21.2 22.9 22.9 25.6 25.6 27.1 Australia 180.9 165.1 210.9 248.9 166.1 261.4 339.2 299.0 368.1 339.0 333.8 Brazil 55.6 63.7 90.7 103.5 107.3 119.8 144.3 148.1 210.8 226.5 238.1 Canada 299.6 312.1 354.6 380.5 356.4 432.1 480.3 475.0 550.9 538.9 537.9 China 36.0 46.0 59.8 86.0 125.1 176.2 239.3 305.2 399.0 462.0 549.2 India 6.2 7.8 21.5 32.2 43.1 58.0 73.1 78.7 91.9 90.2 97.5 Indonesia : : 0.8 2.3 1.9 2.8 5.0 4.5 9.7 14.6 18.1 Japan 297.9 310.7 358.0 395.9 462.6 531.2 626.9 691.7 807.7 841.8 898.1 Mexico 35.9 41.6 49.7 57.7 42.5 60.6 83.0 82.1 115.4 102.8 98.8 Russia 86.3 117.9 172.4 270.1 139.8 216.9 276.3 259.9 318.8 361.0 325.1 Saudi Arabia 6.4 6.1 : 12.4 13.9 16.2 20.0 21.5 26.7 29.6 33.6 South Africa 27.8 24.9 32.7 40.3 33.6 50.4 62.8 69.7 87.0 96.9 100.8 South Korea 25.9 31.1 39.2 54.6 66.6 87.0 108.6 123.9 157.9 179.8 194.6 Turkey 5.7 6.7 7.1 8.9 12.1 16.0 17.0 19.9 24.1 25.1 30.2 United States 2 703.4 2 924.2 3 560.3 3 849.0 2 109.3 3 098.7 3 628.0 3 243.1 4 044.6 4 725.1 4 756.2 EU (**) 2 023.6 2 426.2 2 746.0 3 201.2 3 309.1 b 3 736.5 4 219.4 4 883.2 5 112.0 2 589.1 b 2 887.0 France 244.7 295.7 303.2 328.2 351.8 378.9 426.5 414.9 b 422.8 400.9 b 443.1 Germany 229.6 : 295.1 314.2 302.1 295.2 346.1 382.7 387.1 400.8 b 448.4 Italy 50.6 60.3 75.8 49.5 70.8 76.3 91.3 109.9 126.1 117.6 b 126.9 United Kingdom : 520.1 635.4 687.6 588.0 567.2 588.3 669.3 704.0 584.1 b 655.5 (*) Coverage: world (excluding intra-eu FDI). (**) For EU and four EU Member States: FDI with extra-eu. (b) break in series (EU FDI is calculated according to BPM6). EU-28 for "EU" after 2008, for France after 2010, for Germany, Italy and UK after 2012. BPM6 after 2012. (:) not available. Sources : Eurostat (bop_fdi_main; bop_fdi6_pos), UNCTAD. Eurostat and UNCTAD cannot be directly compared because of methodological differences. SPEs are included in France's, Germany's and Italy's figures; for EU and UK until 2012. 30 Trade statistical guide - 2015

Inward FATS - Foreign enterprises in the EU-28 by controlling country (2012) Number of enterprises and % on extra EU-28 19 627; 22.3% 1 116; 1.3% 1 674; 1.9% 2 618; 3.0% 2 639; 3.0% 2 732; 3.1% 4 138; 4.7% 4 379; 5.0% 26 706; 30.3% 12 531; 14.2% United States Switzerland Offshore financial centers Japan Norway China (except Hong Kong) Turkey Russia Israel India Other countries 9 879; 11.2% Source : Eurostat (fats_g1b_08). FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 31

Inward FATS - Persons employed in the EU-28 by controlling country (2012) Persons employed and % on extra EU-28 80 042; 1.1% 514 889; 6.9% 81 421; 1.1% 95 861; 1.3% 140 477; 1.9% 174 102; 2.3% 190 000; 2.5% 549 780; 7.3% 3 682 905; 49.0% 799 725; 10.6% United States Switzerland Offshore financial centers Japan Canada Norway India South Korea China (except Hong Kong) Australia Other countries 1 200 000; 16.0% Source : Eurostat (fats_g1b_08). 32 Trade statistical guide - 2015

Outward FATS - Foreign affiliates of EU enterprises by partner country (2012) Number of enterprises and % on extra EU-28 8 120; 9.4% 49 606; 57.6% 6 856; 8.0% 4 431; 5.1% 3 393; 3.9% 3 175; 3.7% 2 889; 3.4% 2 239; 2.6% 2 220; 2.6% 1 638; 1.9% 1 560; 1.8% Offshore financial centers China (except Hong Kong) Switzerland Australia Brazil Canada India Singapore South Africa Turkey Other countries(*) (*) Data for many partners, including the United States and Russia, is confidential. Source : Eurostat (fats_out2_r2). FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 33

Outward FATS - Persons employed in foreign affiliates of EU enterprises by partner country (2012) Persons employed and % on extra EU-28 4 872 178; 33.2% 353 488; 2.4% 376 948; 2.6% 381 931; 2.6% 494 616; 3.4% 611 475; 4.2% 683 897; 4.7% 3 240 809; 22.1% 1 445 717; 9.8% 1 271 206; 8.7% 946 470; 6.4% United States China (except Hong Kong) Brazil India Offshore financial centers Russia Mexico Canada Australia South Africa Other countries Source : Eurostat (fats_out2_r2). 34 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 FDI by leading partners, 2014 (billion EUR) Rank Leading sources Inflows Share Cumulative share Rank Leading destinations Outflows Share Cumulative share Extra EU-28 82.8 100% 100% Extra EU-28 112.5 100% 100% 1 United States 29.4 35.5% 35.5% 1 United States 11.1 9.9% 9.9% 2 Switzerland 9.9 12.0% 47.5% 2 Brazil 10.3 9.1% 19.0% 3 Japan 8.1 9.8% 57.3% 3 Switzerland 7.8 6.9% 26.0% 4 Russia 4.8 5.7% 63.0% 4 China (except Hong Kong) 7.4 6.6% 32.6% 5 China (except Hong Kong) 4.3 5.2% 68.3% 5 Chile 6.4 5.7% 38.3% 6 South Korea 3.6 4.3% 72.6% 6 India 4.9 4.4% 42.6% 7 Canada 2.2 2.6% 75.2% 7 Mexico 4.3 3.8% 46.4% 8 Turkey 1.3 1.6% 76.8% 8 Singapore 4.1 3.7% 50.1% 9 Mexico 1.3 1.5% 78.4% 9 Russia 3.7 3.3% 53.4% 10 South Africa 1.1 1.3% 79.7% 10 Norway 3.5 3.2% 56.5% Offshore financial centres (*) 18.3 22.1% Offshore financial centres (*) 16.6 14.8% Rank Leading sources Inward stocks Share Cumulative share Rank Leading destinations Outward stocks Share Cumulative share Extra EU-28 1 679.9 100% 100% Extra EU-28 2 887.0 100% 100% 1 United States 597.9 35.6% 35.6% 1 United States 955.3 33.1% 33.1% 2 Switzerland 284.4 16.9% 52.5% 2 Switzerland 245.9 8.5% 41.6% 3 Japan 132.1 7.9% 60.4% 3 Brazil 129.8 4.5% 46.1% 4 Norway 53.3 3.2% 63.6% 4 China (except Hong Kong) 129.1 4.5% 50.6% 5 Canada 41.4 2.5% 66.0% 5 Canada 101.4 3.5% 54.1% 6 Russia 41.0 2.4% 68.5% 6 Singapore 90.5 3.1% 57.2% 7 Hong Kong 29.3 1.7% 70.2% 7 Hong Kong 89.5 3.1% 60.3% 8 Australia 23.7 1.4% 71.6% 8 Australia 80.7 2.8% 63.1% 9 South Korea 19.7 1.2% 72.8% 9 Russia 69.9 2.4% 65.5% 10 Singapore 14.7 0.9% 73.7% 10 Mexico 65.9 2.3% 67.8% Offshore financial centres (*) 360.8 21.5% Offshore financial centres (*) 447.0 15.5% (*) Offshore Financial Centres (OFC) is an aggregate which includes 40 countries. As examples, the aggregate contains European financial centres, such as Liechtenstein, Guernsey, Jersey, the Isle of Man, the Faroe Islands, Andorra and Gibraltar; Central American OFC such as Panama and Caribbean islands like Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and the Virgin Islands; and Asian OFC such as Bahrain, Hong Kong, Singapore and Philippines. Source : Eurostat (bop_fdi6_flow; bop_fdi6_pos). FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 35

EU TRADE

EU-28 trade in goods with extra EU-28 by sector (billion EUR,%) Exports Imports Trade balance SITC Rev.3 Value Share in Variation CAGR 2014- Value Share in Variation CAGR 2014-2014 total 2014 2014-13 04 2014 total 2014 2014-13 04 2014 TOTAL 1 702.0 100% 2.0% 6.1% 1 688.8 100% 0.3% 5.1% 13.2 SITC 0 Food and live animals 78.8 4.6% 4.5% 9.0% 90.7 5.4% 5.5% 5.5% 11.9 SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco 28.8 1.7% 0.7% 6.8% 7.7 0.5% 1.2% 2.8% 21.1 SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 39.0 2.3% 4.0% 7.8% 64.4 3.8% 4.6% 3.8% 25.4 SITC 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 109.5 6.4% 10.4% 12.8% 444.3 26.3% 11.1% 9.2% 334.8 SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 4.3 0.3% 10.9% 5.8% 8.4 0.5% 3.1% 8.1% 4.1 SITC 5 Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s. 278.8 16.4% 2.0% 6.3% 165.4 9.8% 4.7% 6.5% 113.4 SITC 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 198.9 11.7% 1.1% 4.2% 172.7 10.2% 4.9% 4.1% 26.1 SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment 708.6 41.6% 0.0% 5.2% 456.4 27.0% 5.0% 2.6% 252.2 SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 187.8 11.0% 3.3% 5.4% 235.5 13.9% 8.4% 4.9% 47.8 SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 67.7 4.0% 32.1% 11.8% 43.2 2.6% 7.1% 3.2% 24.4 AMA/NAMA AMA Agricultural Products 121.6 7.1% 1.5% 8.2% 104.1 6.2% 2.3% 5.4% 17.5 NAMA Non-Agricultural Products 1 580.4 92.9% 2.2% 5.9% 1 584.7 93.8% 0.1% 5.1% 4.3 AMA refers to all the products included in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this agreement. WTO definitions. n.e.s. = 'not elsewhere specified'. n.c.e. = 'not classified elsewhere'. CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate. Rate at which the initial value had to grow every year in a time period to obtain the final value. Source : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4). EU TRADE 37

EU-28 exports of goods to extra EU-28 by sector, 2014 shares (%) Miscellaneous manufactured articles 11.0% Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 4.0% Food and live animals 4.6% Beverages and tobacco 1.7% Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 2.3% Machinery and transport equipment 41.6% Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 6.4% Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 0.3% Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 11.7% Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s. 16.4% Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4). 38 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 imports of goods from extra EU-28 by sector, 2014 shares (%) Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 2.6% Food and live animals 5.4% Beverages and tobacco 0.5% Miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.9% Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 3.8% Machinery and transport equipment 27.0% Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 26.3% Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 0.5% Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 10.2% Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s. 9.8% Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4). EU TRADE 39

EU-28 exports of goods to extra EU-28 by sector (billion EUR) TOTAL SITC Rev.3 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 945.2 1 049.2 1 152.0 1 234.5 1 309.1 1 094.0 1 353.2 1 554.2 1 684.3 1 736.3 1 702.0 SITC 0 Food and live animals 33.2 35.3 38.7 42.1 48.3 44.2 54.3 63.4 70.1 75.4 78.8 SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco 14.9 16.2 18.5 19.5 19.5 18.1 21.4 25.1 28.9 29.0 28.8 SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 18.4 21.2 25.8 27.7 29.0 25.4 34.6 41.2 42.9 40.7 39.0 SITC 3 SITC 4 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 32.9 45.9 58.9 66.7 84.7 58.7 79.0 100.2 125.6 122.2 109.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.9 4.6 4.8 4.3 SITC 5 Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s. 151.7 163.8 183.4 196.8 197.6 195.6 232.7 254.9 275.5 273.3 278.8 SITC 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 132.3 146.1 162.6 174.5 177.7 138.7 170.1 195.2 203.5 201.0 198.9 SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment 427.0 472.2 505.8 546.2 570.9 459.3 570.5 648.4 706.2 708.6 708.6 SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 111.0 117.4 128.1 132.2 135.9 118.8 138.7 156.5 175.9 181.7 187.8 SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 22.3 28.9 27.9 26.5 42.4 32.9 48.9 65.6 51.1 99.6 67.7 AMA/NAMA AMA Agricultural Products 55.3 59.8 67.7 69.9 77.6 70.9 86.7 101.1 113.2 119.8 121.6 NAMA Non-Agricultural Products 889.9 989.7 1 084.8 1 164.6 1 231.6 1 023.1 1 266.5 1 453.0 1 571.0 1 616.5 1 580.4 AMA refers to all the products included in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this agreement. WTO definitions. n.e.s. = 'not elsewhere specified'. n.c.e. = 'not classified elsewhere'. Source : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4). 40 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 imports of goods from extra EU-28 by sector (billion EUR) TOTAL SITC Rev.3 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1 027.4 1 183.8 1 368.0 1 450.3 1 585.2 1 235.6 1 529.4 1 726.7 1 795.1 1 684.2 1 688.8 SITC 0 Food and live animals 53.1 57.2 61.7 69.0 74.6 67.4 73.9 84.4 85.5 86.0 90.7 SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco 5.8 5.8 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.9 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.7 SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 44.4 48.2 57.5 64.4 67.4 41.7 64.1 76.8 71.5 67.5 64.4 SITC 3 SITC 4 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 184.5 274.0 344.9 341.9 460.2 299.9 385.0 494.8 547.0 499.7 444.3 3.9 4.3 5.4 5.7 8.0 5.6 6.7 8.6 9.2 8.7 8.4 SITC 5 Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s. 88.4 96.4 109.2 120.7 124.3 112.5 137.3 155.3 163.4 157.9 165.4 SITC 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 115.4 128.1 160.5 189.1 178.3 115.5 157.6 184.8 168.2 164.7 172.7 SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment 354.3 385.9 412.6 429.0 425.9 352.9 442.2 440.4 448.2 434.5 456.4 SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 146.3 162.2 180.6 193.6 196.9 181.0 206.3 218.2 221.6 217.2 235.5 SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 31.6 22.0 29.7 30.4 43.5 52.7 49.4 56.2 72.8 40.3 43.2 AMA/NAMA AMA Agricultural Products 61.8 64.2 68.1 77.6 88.2 76.8 84.3 98.5 101.9 101.8 104.1 NAMA Non-Agricultural Products 965.6 1 119.7 1 300.2 1 372.7 1 497.1 1 158.8 1 445.1 1 628.2 1 693.2 1 582.4 1 584.7 AMA refers to all the products included in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this agreement. WTO definitions. n.e.s. = 'not elsewhere specified'. n.c.e. = 'not classified elsewhere'. Source : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4). EU TRADE 41

EU-28 merchandise trade with extra EU-28, moving sums (billion EUR, %) Period EU-28 trade with extra-eu-28 (billion euro) Year-on-year growth (*) Imports Exports Balance Import growth Export growth Nov 13 - Oct 14 1 688.8 1 691.5 2.7 0.5% 2.5% Dec 13 - Nov 14 1 684.7 1 694.4 9.7 0.2% 2.1% Jan 14 - Dec 14 1 688.8 1 702.0 13.2 0.3% 2.0% Feb 14 - Jan 15 1 682.4 1 698.7 16.2 0.2% 2.1% Mar 14 - Feb 15 1 687.4 1 700.6 13.2 0.6% 2.0% Apr 14 - Mar 15 1 703.5 1 720.7 17.2 1.6% 0.2% May 14 - Apr 15 1 712.2 1 737.6 25.4 2.3% 1.5% Jun 14 - May 15 1 711.4 1 742.9 31.4 2.2% 2.6% Jul 14 - Jun 15 1 721.4 1 761.3 39.8 2.6% 3.9% Aug 14 - Jul 15 1 720.5 1 772.2 51.7 2.2% 4.9% Sep 14 - Aug 15 1 720.9 1 781.0 60.2 2.4% 6.1% Oct 14 - Sep 15 1 716.7 1 779.5 62.8 1.7% 5.4% Nov 14 - Oct 15 1 716.5 1 776.5 60.0 1.6% 5.0% (*) Compared to the same period 12 months earlier, e.g. Sep 14 - Aug 15 compared to Sep 13 - Aug 14. Source : Eurostat (Comext). 42 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU trade in goods with extra-eu, year-on-year growth and 12-month moving sums (%, billion EUR) 1 800.0 7.0% 1 780.0 1 760.0 1 740.0 1 720.0 1 700.0 1 680.0 1 660.0 1 688.8 1 691.5 1 684.7 1 694.4 1 688.8 1 702.0 1 682.4 1 698.7 1 687.4 1 700.6 1 703.5 1 720.7 1 712.2 1 737.6 1 711.4 1 742.9 1 721.4 1 761.3 1 720.5 1 772.2 1 720.9 1 781.0 1 716.7 1 779.5 1 716.5 1 776.5 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0% 1.0% Imports Exports Import growth Export growth 1 640.0 2.0% 1 620.0 3.0% Source : Eurostat (Comext). EU TRADE 43

EU-28 trade of services with extra EU-28 by type (billion EUR, %) Exports Imports Trade balance EBOPS (*) Value Share in Variation CAGR 2014- Value Share in Variation CAGR 2014-2014 2014 total 2014 2014-13 10 2014 total 2014 2014-13 10 TOTAL 764.9 100% 6.3% 7.7% 602.0 100% 10.6% 6.9% 162.9 Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 20.6 2.7% 0.6% 2.1% 6.4 1.1% 11.9% 9.2% 14.2 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 10.1 1.3% 10.1% 21.9% 7.8 1.3% 1.7% 33.8% 2.2 Transport 141.5 18.5% 0.1% 3.4% 122.8 20.4% 1.7% 3.2% 18.7 Travel 108.6 14.2% 4.3% 7.6% 98.0 16.3% 6.7% 3.4% 10.6 Construction 13.4 1.7% 3.2% 9.3% 5.0 0.8% 10.3% 0.5% 8.4 Insurance and pension services 33.5 4.4% 13.2% 7.3% 13.1 2.2% 20.7% 1.9% 20.4 Financial services 78.2 10.2% 2.2% 7.0% 38.1 6.3% 1.3% 9.8% 40.1 Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 49.4 6.5% 26.6% 14.3% 68.4 11.4% 50.8% 14.4% 19.0 Telecommunications, computer, and information services 94.4 12.3% 10.5% 10.3% 55.6 9.2% 15.3% 8.6% 38.8 Other business services 199.9 26.1% 9.6% 9.3% 168.6 28.0% 11.1% 8.4% 31.3 Personal, cultural and recreational services 8.0 1.1% 2.8% 7.3% 11.7 1.9% 19.7% 9.3% 3.6 Government goods and services n.i.e. 7.1 0.9% 17.0% 0.8% 6.4 1.1% 7.9% 1.5% 0.8 Other(**) 0.2 0.0% 88.9% 16.2% 0.2 0.0% 29.9% 23.3% 0.0 Commercial services 757.8 99.1% 6.6% 7.8% 577.9 96.0% 10.0% 6.4% 179.9 (*) EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classification. (**) Other refers mainly to 'services not allocated'. Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e. n.i.e. = not included elsewhere. CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate. Rate at which the initial value had to grow every year in a time period to obtain the final value. Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_det). 44 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 exports of services to extra EU-28 by type, 2014 shares (billion euro, %) Telecommunications, computer, and information services 12.3% Other business services 26.1% Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 6.5% Financial services 10.2% Insurance and pension services 4.4% Construction 1.7% Personal, cultural and recreational services 1.1% Government goods and services n.i.e. 0.9% Other 0.0% Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 2.7% Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 1.3% Travel 14.2% Transport 18.5% n.i.e. = not included elsewhere. Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_det). EU TRADE 45

EU-28 imports of services from extra EU-28 by type, 2014 shares (billion euro, %) Telecommunications, computer, and information services 9.2% Other business services 28.0% Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 11.4% Personal, cultural and recreational services 1.9% Government goods and services n.i.e. 1.1% Financial services 6.3% Insurance and pension services 2.2% Construction 0.8% Other 0.0% Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 1.1% Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 1.3% n.i.e. = not included elsewhere. Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_det). Travel 16.3% Transport 20.4% 46 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 (*) exports of services to extra EU-28 (*) by type (billion EUR) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 b 2011 2012 2013 2014 TOTAL 366.7 405.2 452.4 506.1 525.3 512.2 569.5 615.3 680.7 719.6 764.9 EBOPS (**) Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others : : : : : : 19.0 19.4 20.6 20.7 20.6 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. : : : : : : 4.6 5.5 7.2 9.1 10.1 Transport 93.2 104.5 113.8 123.6 135.9 109.9 124.0 134.1 142.4 141.6 141.5 Travel 62.3 65.7 71.8 75.1 74.0 69.3 81.0 85.4 95.7 104.1 108.6 Construction 9.6 12.2 13.9 16.3 17.6 19.7 9.4 10.4 11.1 13.0 13.4 Insurance and pension services 10.6 6.0 11.2 14.5 13.1 22.4 25.3 23.5 29.7 29.6 33.5 Financial services 29.5 35.3 42.2 53.9 50.5 43.3 59.5 69.1 72.9 76.5 78.2 Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. Telecommunications, computer, and information services 20.2 23.6 24.3 27.2 27.3 29.7 29.0 35.2 36.0 39.0 49.4 22.9 24.7 30.9 36.1 42.9 45.5 63.8 69.7 80.4 85.4 94.4 Other business services 104.1 120.5 131.2 144.5 150.4 159.5 140.2 149.1 166.5 182.3 199.9 Personal, cultural and recreational services 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 6.1 6.4 7.7 7.8 8.0 Government goods and services n.i.e. 8.9 7.6 8.3 8.4 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 8.6 8.6 7.1 Other (***) 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.9 1.8 0.2 Commercial services 357.8 397.6 444.1 497.7 517.7 504.7 562.1 608.0 672.2 711.0 757.8 (*) before 2010: EU-27. (**) EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classification (2010). (***) Other refers mainly to 'services not allocated'. (b) break in series: data before 2010 is calculated according to BPM5. Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e. Source : Eurostat (bop_its_det; bop_its6_det). EU TRADE 47

EU-28 (*) imports of services from extra EU-28 (*) by type (billion EUR) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 b 2011 2012 2013 2014 TOTAL 321.4 351.9 381.4 419.1 454.0 429.1 461.6 479.4 517.8 544.1 602.0 EBOPS (**) Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others : : : : : : 4.5 4.9 7.2 7.3 6.4 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. : : : : : : 2.4 3.2 3.1 8.0 7.8 Transport 81.3 89.6 99.0 102.7 112.2 89.9 108.1 112.1 116.6 120.8 122.8 Travel 79.7 84.9 87.9 94.5 93.5 85.7 85.7 87.4 90.4 91.8 98.0 Construction 5.9 6.1 7.1 8.0 8.0 9.9 5.1 4.7 5.8 5.5 5.0 Insurance and pension services 8.2 8.2 7.7 8.0 8.6 10.8 12.1 10.8 11.0 10.8 13.1 Financial services 11.8 14.2 17.2 20.4 18.7 16.1 26.3 31.8 32.2 37.6 38.1 Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. Telecommunications, computer, and information services 29.2 32.9 31.4 34.6 41.8 42.6 39.9 41.8 43.9 45.3 68.4 15.3 16.6 19.7 22.1 25.3 27.0 39.9 39.1 43.2 48.2 55.6 Other business services 78.3 86.8 95.8 107.9 119.8 121.6 122.1 128.2 148.1 151.8 168.6 Personal, cultural and recreational services 6.3 6.3 7.2 6.0 6.0 5.1 8.2 8.5 9.0 9.7 11.7 Government goods and services n.i.e. 5.5 6.1 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.8 6.4 7.0 6.9 6.4 Other (***) 0.0 0.1 1.5 7.6 12.9 13.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 Commercial services 315.8 345.8 374.6 411.9 446.8 422.0 451.3 465.8 508.1 525.4 577.9 (*) before 2010: EU-27. (**) EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classification (2010). (***) Other refers mainly to 'services not allocated'. (b) break in series: data before 2010 is calculated according to BPM5. Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e. Source : Eurostat (bop_its_det; bop_its6_det). 48 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 trade balance in goods by partner (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Extra EU-28 82.2 134.4 215.8 215.9 276.1 141.7 176.2 172.5 110.8 52.1 13.2 Argentina 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 4.6 3.4 1.9 2.4 1.4 1.9 0.5 Australia 11.1 10.9 8.7 10.4 12.9 12.0 14.5 16.2 19.4 21.9 20.4 Brazil 7.6 8.1 9.6 11.6 9.7 4.5 1.9 3.3 2.3 6.8 6.1 Canada 5.7 5.5 5.4 1.1 0.4 2.6 2.0 0.8 1.1 4.3 4.2 China 80.8 109.3 132.1 162.0 170.8 132.9 170.5 158.6 147.9 132.0 137.5 India 0.7 2.1 1.6 2.5 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.7 Indonesia 5.7 6.1 7.3 7.4 7.7 6.5 7.6 8.9 5.8 4.7 4.9 Japan 31.5 30.6 33.7 35.5 34.1 22.5 23.3 21.5 9.3 2.6 3.3 Mexico 7.8 7.6 8.6 8.8 8.0 5.8 7.6 6.9 8.4 9.9 10.4 Russia 38.8 57.3 71.2 58.5 75.5 53.9 75.8 92.7 91.7 87.5 79.2 Saudi Arabia 3.6 6.9 6.0 1.3 0.9 7.3 6.9 2.0 4.5 3.6 6.4 South Africa 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.6 4.0 3.4 0.9 4.5 5.1 8.9 4.8 South Korea 12.9 14.3 18.1 17.0 14.2 10.9 11.6 3.8 0.2 4.1 4.4 Turkey 7.3 8.4 8.1 5.5 8.2 8.0 18.8 24.5 26.6 26.9 20.1 United States 76.0 91.6 96.4 82.2 65.3 48.5 69.3 72.1 86.7 93.1 104.5 Source : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4). EU TRADE 49

EU-28 (*) trade balance in services by partner (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 b 2011 2012 2013 2014 Extra EU-28 45.3 53.3 71.0 87.0 71.3 83.0 107.8 135.9 163.0 175.6 162.9 Argentina 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 Australia 2.0 2.6 3.4 4.4 6.0 7.0 7.2 8.3 10.2 10.9 10.8 Brazil 0.3 0.7 0.9 2.0 3.8 3.5 8.5 9.9 8.9 8.5 7.5 Canada 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.5 4.2 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.0 5.1 China 1.8 2.6 2.0 2.6 5.1 4.9 2.3 4.0 5.6 6.5 6.2 India 0.3 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.8 0.9 2.6 1.2 1.0 0.3 Indonesia 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.2 Japan 7.7 7.2 5.6 6.0 3.4 5.3 5.0 4.7 8.7 9.5 10.5 Mexico 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.8 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.1 Russia 1.2 2.6 4.1 7.1 7.6 7.3 10.0 12.9 15.5 16.8 16.5 Saudi Arabia : : 4.4 6.5 4.2 5.9 4.4 4.2 5.1 6.5 6.5 South Africa 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 South Korea 2.3 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.7 3.3 4.1 5.0 6.0 Turkey 6.1 6.9 5.0 5.2 5.9 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.7 United States 9.2 5.2 8.6 9.2 0.0 2.1 2.0 7.1 14.1 17.1 6.6 (*) EU-27 data before 2010. (b) break in series: data before 2010 is calculated according to BPM5. (:) not available. Source : Eurostat (bop_its_tot, bop_its6_tot). 50 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 (*) trade balance in goods and services by partner (billion EUR) Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 b 2011 2012 2013 2014 Extra EU-28 36.9 81.2 144.8 128.8 204.8 58.6 68.4 36.6 52.1 227.7 176.1 Argentina 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.2 4.1 2.8 0.7 1.0 0.2 3.8 2.6 Australia 13.1 13.6 12.0 14.8 18.9 19.0 21.7 24.5 29.6 32.8 31.2 Brazil 7.4 7.4 8.7 9.7 5.9 1.0 6.6 6.6 11.2 15.3 13.6 Canada 7.0 7.1 7.4 3.4 2.8 6.8 6.8 4.5 6.9 10.4 9.3 China 79.1 106.6 130.1 159.4 165.7 128.0 168.2 154.6 142.3 125.4 131.3 India 0.4 2.4 3.2 4.0 2.5 3.8 0.5 2.0 0.2 2.1 1.4 Indonesia 5.6 6.0 7.0 6.5 6.9 5.5 6.2 7.5 4.3 2.8 2.7 Japan 23.8 23.4 28.0 29.5 30.7 17.2 18.3 16.8 0.6 6.9 7.2 Mexico 8.9 8.5 10.3 10.2 9.2 7.6 10.3 10.5 12.5 13.9 14.5 Russia 37.6 54.7 67.1 51.5 67.9 46.6 65.8 79.9 76.2 70.7 62.7 Saudi Arabia : : 1.6 7.8 3.3 13.2 11.3 2.1 0.5 10.1 12.9 South Africa 0.6 1.7 1.0 0.3 2.2 1.5 3.1 7.5 8.2 11.7 7.7 South Korea 10.6 12.2 15.4 13.8 11.2 8.1 8.9 0.5 3.9 9.0 10.4 Turkey 1.3 1.5 3.1 0.2 2.3 3.2 12.8 18.6 21.6 22.3 15.5 United States 85.2 96.9 105.0 91.4 65.3 46.4 67.2 79.2 100.8 110.2 111.1 (*) EU-27 data before 2010. (b) break in series: data before 2010 is calculated according to BPM5. (:) not available. Sources : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (bop_its_tot, bop_its6_tot). EU TRADE 51

EU-28 trade in goods by FTA partner, 2014 (billion EUR, %) Partners 52 Trade statistical guide - 2015 Exports Value Share in EU exports CAGR 2014-09 CAGR 2014-04 Value Share in EU imports Implemented 539.3 31.7 8.9 6.5 459.6 27.2 2.8 4.7 Central America (*) 5.2 0.3 3.9 3.0 6.2 0.4 3.0 3.4 Chile 7.4 0.4 10.3 9.0 8.6 0.5 1.4 1.6 Colombia 6.3 0.4 13.9 12.6 8.2 0.5 7.4 10.6 EFTA (*) 193.9 11.4 8.5 5.9 185.3 11.0 1.9 4.4 EPAs (implemented) (*) 11.6 0.7 7.4 4.1 13.7 0.8 2.7 4.0 EuroMed (*) 97.5 5.7 6.8 6.0 72.4 4.3 3.8 4.9 Georgia 1.9 0.1 15.2 12.0 0.7 0.0 2.5 7.7 Mexico 28.4 1.7 12.2 6.8 18.0 1.1 5.9 10.0 Moldova 2.4 0.1 13.5 9.8 1.2 0.1 8.4 8.3 Peru 3.2 0.2 16.8 13.3 5.0 0.3 4.5 6.8 South Africa 23.3 1.4 8.0 3.8 18.5 1.1 0.4 1.6 South Korea 43.2 2.5 14.9 9.2 38.8 2.3 1.8 2.3 Turkey 74.5 4.4 10.9 6.4 54.4 3.2 4.1 5.2 Ukraine 17.0 1.0 4.0 4.8 13.7 0.8 5.6 4.9 Western Balkans (*) 23.4 1.4 7.1 14.2 15.0 0.9 7.1 19.1 Concluded 99.4 5.8 8.1 6.3 106.9 6.3 5.9 7.2 Canada 31.6 1.9 7.6 3.7 27.4 1.6 3.5 5.2 Ecuador 2.2 0.1 17.4 11.8 2.6 0.2 3.2 7.4 Singapore 28.3 1.7 6.7 5.7 16.9 1.0 1.5 0.0 Vietnam 6.2 0.4 10.4 10.6 22.2 1.3 11.0 15.4 EPAs (concluded) (*) 31.1 1.8 9.0 9.5 37.7 2.2 8.6 10.8 Future 621.3 36.5 8.9 4.4 460.4 27.3 2.8 2.5 Armenia 0.7 0.0 5.9 7.7 0.3 0.0 5.5 1.0 Australia 29.6 1.7 6.1 4.0 9.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 Central Africa (*) 5.3 0.3 7.8 9.1 7.3 0.4 7.6 10.3 GCC (*) 96.7 5.7 10.8 8.9 51.4 3.0 8.5 7.2 India 35.5 2.1 5.2 7.5 37.1 2.2 3.8 8.5 Japan 53.3 3.1 8.2 2.1 56.6 3.4 0.3 2.8 Malaysia 14.0 0.8 7.7 4.8 19.7 1.2 2.9 2.2 Mercosur (*) 51.2 3.0 10.6 9.5 44.4 2.6 1.2 3.6 Myanmar 0.5 0.0 40.4 20.4 0.4 0.0 9.5 1.6 New Zealand 4.5 0.3 15.2 4.0 3.4 0.2 2.6 2.0 Philippines 6.8 0.4 18.3 6.6 5.7 0.3 3.7 1.9 Thailand 12.4 0.7 10.1 5.9 18.5 1.1 2.5 3.6 United States 310.9 18.3 8.8 2.8 206.5 12.2 2.9 2.6 Imports CAGR 2014-09 CAGR 2014-04

EU-28 FTA regions (*) Region or group's members: Central America includes Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama; Central Africa includes Chad, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo; EFTA includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland; EuroMed includes Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territories, Syria and Tunisia; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and U. A. Emirates; Mercosur includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela; Western Balkans includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo. EPAs (implemented) refer to the following countries/groups: Cameroon, Ghana and Ivory Coast; Cariforum: EPA with Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago; Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA): EPA with Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Zimbabwe; Pacific: EPA with Fiji and Papua New Guinea. EPAs (concluded) refer to the following countries/groups: Eastern African Community (EAC): EPA with Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda; Southern African Development Community (SADC): EPA with Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and Swaziland; West Africa: EPA with Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo and Mauritania (trade with Ghana and Ivory Coast is accounted for under the 'implemented EPAs' category). The FTA classification was carried out according to the documents "Overview of EPA Negotiations" and "Overview of FTA and Other Trade Negotiations" available in DG Trade's extranet (http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2009/september/tradoc_144912.pdf and http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/december/tradoc_118238.pdf). CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate. Rate at which the initial value had to grow every year in a time period to obtain the final value. Source : Eurostat (Comext, statistical regime 4). EU TRADE 53

EU-28 merchandise trade by statistical regime, selected partners - 2014 (billion EUR, %) Exports Imports Partners All Statistical regimes Normal Inward Processing Outward processing Partners All Statistical regimes Normal Inward Processing Outward processing Value Value Extra EU-28 1 702.0 1 512.9 172.9 13.9 Extra EU-28 1 688.8 1 582.9 69.4 15.6 USA 310.9 251.1 52.3 7.3 China 302.1 296.8 4.7 0.5 China 164.6 137.9 26.4 0.3 USA 206.5 174.3 26.6 5.5 Switzerland 140.3 135.6 4.2 0.2 Russia 182.4 168.4 4.6 0.2 Russia 103.2 94.4 8.7 0.1 Switzerland 96.6 92.1 4.1 0.2 Turkey 74.5 72.9 1.6 0.0 Norway 85.1 78.2 1.5 0.1 Japan 53.3 45.2 7.5 0.7 Japan 56.6 49.4 4.3 2.9 Norway 50.2 45.7 4.1 0.1 Turkey 54.4 53.9 0.5 0.0 South Korea 43.2 36.7 6.1 0.4 South Korea 38.8 34.7 1.7 1.1 U.A. Emirates 42.7 38.9 3.8 0.0 India 37.1 35.8 1.2 0.1 Brazil 36.9 33.2 3.6 0.1 Brazil 30.9 29.5 1.3 0.1 Partner share Partner share Extra EU-28 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Extra EU-28 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 USA 18.3 16.6 30.2 52.2 China 17.9 18.8 6.8 2.9 China 9.7 9.1 15.3 2.4 USA 12.2 11.0 38.3 35.2 Switzerland 8.2 9.0 2.4 1.8 Russia 10.8 10.6 6.6 1.3 Russia 6.1 6.2 5.0 0.6 Switzerland 5.7 5.8 5.9 1.5 Turkey 4.4 4.8 0.9 0.3 Norway 5.0 4.9 2.2 0.4 Japan 3.1 3.0 4.3 4.8 Japan 3.4 3.1 6.2 18.6 Norway 2.9 3.0 2.4 0.5 Turkey 3.2 3.4 0.7 0.2 South Korea 2.5 2.4 3.6 2.6 South Korea 2.3 2.2 2.4 7.4 U.A. Emirates 2.5 2.6 2.2 0.2 India 2.2 2.3 1.7 0.9 Brazil 2.2 2.2 2.1 0.4 Brazil 1.8 1.9 1.9 0.3 Source : Eurostat (Comext). 54 Trade statistical guide - 2015

EU-28 trade in goods by leading trade partners, 2014 (billion EUR, %) Rank Leading clients Exports Share in exports Cumulative share Rank Leading suppliers Imports Share in imports Cumulative share All countries 1 702.0 100% 100% All countries 1 688.8 100% 100% 1 USA 310.9 18.3% 18.3% 1 China 302.1 17.9% 17.9% 2 China 164.6 9.7% 27.9% 2 USA 206.5 12.2% 30.1% 3 Switzerland 140.3 8.2% 36.2% 3 Russia 182.4 10.8% 40.9% 4 Russia 103.2 6.1% 42.2% 4 Switzerland 96.6 5.7% 46.6% 5 Turkey 74.5 4.4% 46.6% 5 Norway 85.0 5.0% 51.7% 6 Japan 53.3 3.1% 49.8% 6 Japan 56.6 3.4% 55.0% 7 Norway 50.2 2.9% 52.7% 7 Turkey 54.4 3.2% 58.2% 8 South Korea 43.2 2.5% 55.2% 8 South Korea 38.8 2.3% 60.5% 9 United Arab Emirates 42.7 2.5% 57.8% 9 India 37.1 2.2% 62.7% 10 Brazil 36.9 2.2% 59.9% 10 Brazil 30.9 1.8% 64.6% 11 India 35.5 2.1% 62.0% 11 Algeria 29.5 1.7% 66.3% 12 Saudi Arabia 35.1 2.1% 64.1% 12 Saudi Arabia 28.7 1.7% 68.0% 13 Hong Kong 34.7 2.0% 66.1% 13 Nigeria 28.1 1.7% 69.7% 14 Canada 31.6 1.9% 68.0% 14 Canada 27.4 1.6% 71.3% 15 Australia 29.6 1.7% 69.7% 15 Kazakhstan 23.9 1.4% 72.7% 16 Mexico 28.4 1.7% 71.4% 16 Taiwan 23.2 1.4% 74.1% 17 Singapore 28.3 1.7% 73.0% 17 Vietnam 22.2 1.3% 75.4% 18 Algeria 23.4 1.4% 74.4% 18 Malaysia 19.7 1.2% 76.6% 19 South Africa 23.3 1.4% 75.8% 19 South Africa 18.5 1.1% 77.7% 20 Morocco 18.2 1.1% 76.8% 20 Thailand 18.5 1.1% 78.8% Source : Eurostat (Comext, statistical regime 4). EU TRADE 55

EU-28 trade in services by leading trade partners, 2014 (billion EUR, %) Rank Leading clients Exports Share in exports Cumulative share Rank Leading suppliers Imports Share in imports Cumulative share All countries 764.9 100% 100% All countries 602.0 100% 100% 1 United States 197.0 25.8% 25.8% 1 United States 190.4 31.6% 31.6% 2 Switzerland 109.7 14.3% 40.1% 2 Switzerland 63.9 10.6% 42.2% 3 China (except Hong Kong) 29.1 3.8% 43.9% 3 China (except Hong Kong) 22.9 3.8% 46.0% 4 Russia 29.0 3.8% 47.7% 4 Bermuda (UK) 21.7 3.6% 49.6% 5 Norway 27.7 3.6% 51.3% 5 Singapore 15.7 2.6% 52.3% 6 Japan 25.7 3.4% 54.7% 6 Turkey 15.7 2.6% 54.9% 7 Singapore 20.4 2.7% 57.3% 7 Norway 15.5 2.6% 57.5% 8 Australia 18.6 2.4% 59.8% 8 Japan 15.2 2.5% 60.0% 9 Canada 16.5 2.2% 61.9% 9 Russia 12.5 2.1% 62.0% 10 Brazil 15.0 2.0% 63.9% 10 India 12.1 2.0% 64.0% 11 India 12.3 1.6% 65.5% 11 Canada 11.4 1.9% 65.9% 12 United Arab Emirates 12.3 1.6% 67.1% 12 Hong Kong 10.8 1.8% 67.7% 13 South Korea 11.9 1.6% 68.7% 13 Bahamas 10.5 1.8% 69.5% 14 Turkey 11.0 1.4% 70.1% 14 United Arab Emirates 9.6 1.6% 71.1% 15 Hong Kong 10.7 1.4% 71.5% 15 Australia 7.8 1.3% 72.4% 16 Jersey 10.5 1.4% 72.9% 16 Brazil 7.5 1.3% 73.6% 17 Saudi Arabia 9.3 1.2% 74.1% 17 Jersey 6.9 1.2% 74.8% 18 Mexico 7.9 1.0% 75.1% 18 South Korea 6.0 1.0% 75.8% 19 South Africa 7.4 1.0% 76.1% 19 Thailand 5.8 1.0% 76.7% 20 Israel 6.2 0.8% 76.9% 20 Morocco 5.1 0.8% 77.6% Offshore financial centers (*) 74.4 9.7% Offshore financial centers (*) 87.8 14.6% Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_tot). (*) Offshore Financial Centres (OFC) is an aggregate which includes 40 countries. As examples, the aggregate contains European financial centres, such as Liechtenstein, Guernsey, Jersey, the Isle of Man, the Faroe Islands, Andorra and Gibraltar; Central American OFC such as Panama and Caribbean islands like Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and the Virgin Islands; and Asian OFC such as Bahrain, Hong Kong, Singapore and Philippines. 56 Trade statistical guide - 2015

TEC - Total EU exporting (*) enterprises and value and share of exporting SMEs to total in 2012 Member State Exporting enterprises('000) Export Value ( billion) Exporting enterprises (%) Export value (%) Italy 138 180.1 91% 48% Spain 126 83.1 50% 42% Germany 123 473.1 60% 20% France 91 176.2 94% 35% United Kingdom 68 183.1 91% 30% Poland 35 34.6 93% 29% Sweden 27 57.9 94% 28% Netherlands 24 118.0 96% 42% Portugal 23 13.1 86% 48% Belgium 18 98.1 68% 48% Austria 16 40.0 95% 36% Denmark 15 30.0 85% 35% Czech Republic 14 30.0 63% 16% Greece 13 15.7 51% 30% Slovenia 9 7.8 83% 36% Finland 9 25.5 91% 25% Hungary 9 19.6 92% 18% Bulgaria 9 8.6 86% 32% Lithuania 8 31.5 98% 38% Romania 7 13.4 85% 35% Croatia 6 4.0 96% 33% Ireland 4 37.6 88% 45% Slovakia 3 10.2 86% 14% Latvia 3 4.0 95% 52% Estonia 3 4.3 96% 60% Cyprus 1 0.5 68% 64% Malta 1 2.0 93% 49% Luxembourg 1 3.2 68% 6% Total EU 807 1 705.2 84% 35% (*) extra-eu exports. Total exports Extra-EU Source : Eurostat (International Trade in Goods Statistics by Enterprise Characteristics). Share of exporting SMEs to total exporting enterprises EU TRADE 57