LISTS OF COMMITMENTS ON INVESTMENT AND TRADE IN SERVICES

Transcription

1 EC PARTY LISTS OF COMMITMENTS ON INVESTMENT AND TRADE IN SERVICES ANNEX IV a. List of in conformity with Article 69 (commercial presence) b. List of in conformity with Article 78 (cross-border supply of services) c. List of reservations in conformity with Article 81 (key personnel and graduate trainees) d. List of reservations in conformity with Article 83 (contractual services suppliers and independent professionals) CARIFORUM PARTY AND SIGNATORY CARIFORUM STATES e. List of in conformity with Article 69 (commercial presence) in economic activities other than services sectors f. List of in conformity with Articles 69, 78, 81 and 83 in services sectors For the purpose of Annex IV the following abbreviations are used: EC Party AT Austria BE Belgium BG Bulgaria CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DK Denmark EC European Community and its Member States ES Spain EE Estonia FI Finland FR France EL Greece HU Hungary IE Ireland IT Italy LV Latvia LT Lithuania LU Luxembourg MT Malta NL The Netherlands PL Poland PT Portugal RO Romania SK Slovak Republic SI Slovenia SE Sweden UK United Kingdom

2 CARIFORUM Party CAF ATG BRB BEL DMA DOM GRD GUY JAM KNA LCA VCT SUR TTO All CARIFORUM States* Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Belize Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana Jamaica Saint Christopher and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago * Except The Bahamas and Haiti. For the purpose of Annex IV, the term "Unbound*" shall mean unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.

3 LIST OF COMMITMENTS ON COMMERCIAL PRESENCE (referred to in Article 69) EC PARTY ANNEX IV A 1. The list of below indicates the economic activities liberalised by the EC Party pursuant to Article 69 and, by means of reservations, the market access and national treatment limitations that apply to establishments and investors of the CARIFORUM States in those activities. The lists are composed of the following elements: (a) (b) A first column indicating the sector or sub-sector in which the commitment is assumed by the Party, and the scope of liberalisation to which the reservations apply. A second column describing the applicable reservations. When the column referred to under (b) only includes Member State-specific reservations, Member States not mentioned therein undertake in the sector concerned without reservations (the absence of Member State-specific reservations in a given sector is without prejudice to horizontal reservations or to sectoral EC-wide reservations that may apply). Sectors or sub-sectors not mentioned in the list below are not committed. 2. In identifying individual sectors and sub-sectors: (a) (b) (c) ISIC rev 3.1 means the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 4, ISIC REV 3.1, CPC means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC prov, CPC ver. 1.0 means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC ver 1.0, The list below does not include measures relating to qualification requirements and procedures, technical standards and licensing requirements and procedures when they do not constitute a market access or a national treatment limitation within the meaning of Articles 67 and 68 of the Agreement. Those measures (e.g. need to obtain a license, universal service obligations, need to obtain recognition of qualifications in regulated sectors, need to pass specific examinations, including language examinations, nondiscriminatory requirement that certain activities may not be carried out in environmental protected zones or areas of particular historic and artistic interest), even if not listed, apply in any case to investors of the other Party. 4. In accordance with Article 60(3) of the Agreement, the list below does not include measures concerning subsidies granted by the Parties. 5. In accordance with Article 67 of the Agreement non-discriminatory requirements as regards the types of legal form of an establishment are not included in the list below. 6. The rights and obligations arising from this list of shall have no selfexecuting effect and thus confer no rights directly to individual natural persons or juridical persons.

4 Sector or sub-sector ALL SECTORS ALL SECTORS ALL SECTORS Description of reservations Real estate AT, BG, CY, CZ, DK, EE, ES, EL, FI, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Limitations on acquisition of land and real estate by foreign investors. 1 Public utilities EC: Economic activities considered as public utilities at a national or local level may be subject to public monopolies or to exclusive rights granted to private operators. 2 Types of establishment EC: Treatment accorded to subsidiaries (of third country companies) formed in accordance with the law of a Member State and having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the Communities is not extended to branches or agencies established in a Member State by a third country company. BG: Establishment of branches is subject to authorisation EE: At least one half of the members of the management board shall have their residence in the EC. FI: A foreigner carrying on trade as a partner in a Finnish limited or general partnership needs a trade permit and has to be permanently resident in the EC. For all sectors except telecommunications services, nationality condition and residency requirement for at least half of the ordinary and deputy members of the Board of Directors. Company exemptions may, however, be granted. If a foreign organization intends to carry on a business or trade by establishing a branch in Finland, a trade permit is required. A permission to act as a founder of a limited company is required of a foreign organization or a private person, who is not an EC Citizen. For telecommunications services, permanent residency for half of the founders and half of the members of the board of directors. If the founder is a juridical person, residence requirement for that juridical person. IT: Access to industrial, commercial and artisanal activities is subject to a residence permit and specific authorisation to pursue the activity. 1 2 As regards services sectors, these limitations do not go beyond the limitations reflected in the existing GATS. Given that public utilities often also exist at the sub-central level, detailed and exhaustive sector-specific listing is not practical. To facilitate comprehension, specific footnotes in this list of will indicate in an illustrative and non-exhaustive way those sectors where public utilities play a major role.

5 Sector or sub-sector ALL SECTORS Description of reservations BG, PL: The scope of operations of a representative office may only encompass advertising and promotion of the foreign mother company represented by the office. PL: With the exception of financial services, unbound for branches. Non- EU investors can undertake and conduct economic activity only in the form of a limited partnership, limited joint-stock partnership, limited liability company, and joint-stock company (in the case of legal services only in the form of registered partnership and limited partnership). RO: The sole administrator or the chairman of the Board of Administration as well as half of the total number of administrators of the commercial companies shall be Romanian citizens unless otherwise stipulated in the company contract or its statutes. The majority of the commercial companies' auditors and their deputies shall be Romanian citizens. SE: A foreign company (which has not established a legal entity in Sweden) shall conduct its commercial operations through a branch, established in Sweden with independent management and separate accounts. Building projects with duration of less than a year are exempted from the requirements of establishing a branch or appointing a resident representative. A limited liability company (joint stock company) may be established by one or several founders. A founding party shall either reside in Sweden or be a Swedish legal entity. A partnership can only be a founding party if each partner resides in Sweden. Corresponding conditions prevail for establishment of all other types of legal entities. At least 50 per cent of the members of the board shall reside in Sweden. Foreign or Swedish citizens not residing in Sweden, who wishes to conduct commercial operations in Sweden, shall appoint and register with the local authority a resident representative responsible for such activities. Residency conditions might be waived if it can be proved that they are not necessary in a given case. SI: The establishment of branches by foreign companies is conditioned with the registration of the parent company in a court register in the country of origin for at least one year. SK: A foreign natural person whose name is to be registered in the Commercial Register as a person authorized to act on behalf of the entrepreneur is required to submit a residence permit for the Slovak Republic. Investment ES: Investment in Spain by foreign government and foreign public entities (which tends to imply, besides economic, also non-economic interests to entity's part), directly or through companies or other entities controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments, need prior authorisation by the government.

6 Sector or sub-sector Description of reservations BG: In enterprises where the public (State or municipal) share in the equity capital exceeds 30 per cent, the transfer of these shares to third parties needs authorisation. Certain economic activities related to the exploitation or use of State or public property are subject to concessions granted under the provisions of the Concessions Act. Foreign investors cannot participate in privatisation. Foreign investors and Bulgarian juridical persons with controlling foreign participation require permission for a) prospecting, development or extraction of natural resources from the territorial seam continental shelf or the exclusive economic zone and b) acquisition of a controlling participation in companies engaged in any of the activities specified under a). FR: Foreign purchases exceeding 33,33 per cent of the shares of capital or voting rights in existing French enterprise, or 20 per cent in publicly quoted French companies, are subject to the following regulations: - investments of less than 7.6 million Euros in French enterprises with a turnover not exceeding 76 million Euros are free, after a delay of 15 days following prior notification and verification that these amounts are met; - after a period of one month following prior notification, authorisation is tacitly granted for other investments unless the Minister of Economic Affairs has, in exceptional circumstances, exercised its right to postpone the investment. Foreign participation in newly privatized companies may be limited to a variable amount, determined by the government of France on a case by case basis, of the equity offered to the public. For establishing in certain commercial, industrial or artisanal activities, a specific authorisation is needed if the managing director is not holder of a permanent residence permit. FI: Acquisition of shares by foreign owners giving more than one third of the voting rights of a major Finnish company or a major business undertaking (with more than 1000 employees or with a turnover exceeding 168 million Euros or with a balance sheet total exceeding 168 million Euros) is subject to confirmation by the Finnish authorities; the confirmation may be denied only if an important national interest would be jeopardized. These limitations do not apply to telecommunications services HU: Unbound for foreign participation in newly privatized companies IT: Exclusive rights may be granted or maintained to newly-privatized companies. Voting rights in newly privatized companies may be restricted in some cases. For a period of five years, the acquisition of large equity stakes of companies operating in the fields of defence, transport services, telecommunications and energy may be subject to the approval of the competent authorities.

7 Sector or sub-sector ALL SECTORS 1. AGRICULTURE, HUNTING, FORESTRY A. Agriculture, hunting (ISIC rev 3.1: 011, 012, 013, 014, 015) excluding advisory and consultancy services 3 B. Forestry and logging (ISIC rev 3.1: 020) excluding advisory and consultancy services 4 2. FISHING AND AQUACULTURE (ISIC rev.3.1: 0501, 0502) excluding advisory and consultancy services 5 Description of reservations Geographical zones FI: In the Åland Islands, limitations on the right of establishment by natural persons who do not enjoy regional citizenship in Åland or by any juridical person without permission by the competent authorities of the Åland Islands. AT, HU, MT, RO: Unbound for agricultural activities CY: Non-EU participation is allowed only up to 49 per cent. FR: The establishment of agricultural enterprises by non-eu nationals and the acquisition of vineyards by non-eu investors are subject to authorisation. IE: Establishment by non-community residents in flour milling activities is subject to authorisation. BG: Unbound for logging activities AT: At least 25 per cent of vessels have to be registered in Austria. BE, FI, IE, LV, NL, PT, SK: Foreign investors not incorporated and not having their principal office in Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Portugal and the Slovak Republic respectively cannot own Belgian, Finnish, Irish, Latvian, Dutch, Portuguese and Slovak flag vessels respectively CY, EL: Non-EU participation is allowed only up to 49 per cent Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f) and 6.F.g). Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f) and 6.F.g). Advisory and consultancy services related to agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.f) and 6.F.g).

8 Sector or sub-sector Description of reservations DK: Non-EC residents cannot own one-third or more of a business engaged in commercial fishing. Non-EC residents cannot own Denmark flag vessels except through an enterprise incorporated in Denmark. FR: Non-Community nationals cannot participate in the maritime State property for fish/shellfish/algae farming. Foreign investors not incorporated and not having their principal office in France cannot own more than 50 per cent of a French flag vessel. DE: Sea fishing licence granted only to vessels entitled to fly the flag of Germany. These are fishing vessels of which the majority of shares is owned by Community citizens or companies established in accordance with Community rules and that have their principal place of business in a Member State. The use of the vessels must be headed and supervised by persons residing in Germany. In order to obtain a fishing licence, all fishing vessels must register with the relevant coastal states in which the ships have their homeports. EE: Ships are entitled to fly Estonian flag if located in Estonia and majority ownership is held by Estonian nationals in general partnership and in limited partnership companies or other legal entities that are located in Estonia with voting majority held by Estonian nationals in the Board of Management. BG, HU, LT, MT, RO: Unbound IT: Foreigners other than Community residents cannot own a majority interest in Italian flag vessels or a controlling interest in ship owning companies having their headquarters in Italy. Fishing in Italian territorial waters is reserved to Italian flag vessels. SE: Foreign investors not incorporated and not having their principal office in Sweden cannot own more than 50 per cent of a Swedish flag vessel. Acquisition by foreign investors of 50 per cent or more of shares in firms engaged in commercial fishing activities in Swedish waters requires authorisation. SI: Ships are entitled to fly the Slovenian flag if more than half of the ship is owned by EC citizens or by juridical persons having their headquarters in an EC Member State. UK: Reservation on the acquisition of UK flagged vessels, unless the investment is at least 75 per cent owned by British citizens and/or by companies which are at least 75 per cent owned by British citizens, in all cases resident and domiciled in the UK. Vessels must be managed, directed and controlled from within the UK.

9 Sector or sub-sector 3. MINING AND QUARRYING 6 A. Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat (ISIC rev 3.1: 10) B. Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 7 (ISIC rev 3.1: 1110) C. Mining of metal ores (ISIC rev 3.1: 13) D. Other mining and quarrying (ISIC rev 3.1: 14) 4. MANUFACTURING 8 A. Manufacture of food products and beverages (ISIC rev 3.1: 15) B. Manufacture of tobacco products (ISIC rev 3.1: 16) C. Manufacture of textiles (ISIC rev 3.1: 17) D. Manufacture of wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur (ISIC rev 3.1: 18) E. Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear (ISIC rev 3.1: 19) F. Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials (ISIC rev 3.1: 20) Description of reservations EC: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Unbound for extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas. G. Manufacture of paper and The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies. Does not include advisory services incidental to manufacturing, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.h). Does not include advisory services incidental to manufacturing, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.h).

10 Sector or sub-sector paper products (ISIC rev 3.1: 21) H. Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media 9 (ISIC rev 3.1: 22, excluding publishing and printing on a fee or contract basis 10 ) I. Manufacture of coke oven products (ISIC rev 3.1: 231) J. Manufacture of refined petroleum products 11 (ISIC rev 3.1: 232) K. Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products other than explosives (ISIC rev 3.1: 24 excluding manufacturing of explosives) L. Manufacture of rubber and plastics products (ISIC rev 3.1: 25) M. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products (ISIC rev 3.1: 26) N. Manufacture of basic metals (ISIC rev 3.1: 27) O. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (ISIC rev 3.1: 28) P. Manufacture of machinery a) Manufacture of general purpose machinery (ISIC rev 3.1: 291) b) Manufacture of special purpose machinery other than Description of reservations IT: Nationality condition for owner of publishing and printing company EC: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited to obtain the control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) The sector is limited to manufacturing activities. It does not include activities which are audiovisual related or present a cultural content. Publishing and printing on a fee or contract basis is to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.F.p). The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies.

11 Sector or sub-sector weapons and munitions (ISIC rev 3.1: 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2929) c) Manufacture of domestic appliances n.e.c. (ISIC rev 3.1: 293) d) Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery (ISIC rev 3.1: 30) e) Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c. (ISIC rev 3.1: 31) f) Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus (ISIC rev 3.1: 32) Q. Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks (ISIC rev 3.1: 33) R. Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semitrailers (ISIC rev 3.1: 34) S. Manufacture of other (non-military) transport equipment (ISIC rev 3.1: 35 excluding manufacturing of warships, warplanes and other transport equipment for military use) T. Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing n.e.c. (ISIC rev 3.1: 361, 369) U. Recycling (ISIC rev 3.1: 37) Description of reservations

12 Sector or sub-sector 5. PRODUCTION; TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION ON OWN ACCOUNT OF ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND HOT WATER 12 (excluding nuclear based electricity generation) A. Production of electricity; transmission and distribution of electricity on own account (part of ISIC rev 3.1: 4010) 13 B. Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains on own account (part of ISIC rev 3.1: 4020) 14 C. Production of steam and hot water; distribution of steam and hot water on own account (part of ISIC rev 3.1: 4030) 15 Description of reservations EC: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). EC: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). EC: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies. Does not include operation of electricity transmission and distribution systems on a fee or contract basis, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES. Does not include transportation of natural gas and gaseous fuels via pipelines, transmission and distribution of gas on a fee or contract basis and sales of natural gas and gaseous fuels, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES. Does not include transmission and distribution of steam and hot water on a fee or contract basis and sales of steam and hot water, which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES.

13 Sector or sub-sector 6. BUSINESS SERVICES A. Professional Services a) Legal Services (CPC 861) 16 (excluding legal advisory and legal documentations and certification services provided by legal professionals entrusted with public functions, such as notaries, huissiers de justice or other officiers publics et ministériels) Description of reservations AT: Foreign lawyers' (who must be fully qualified in their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating result of any law firm may not exceed 25 per cent. They may not have decisive influence in decision making. BE: Quotas apply for appearing before the "Cour de cassation" in noncriminal cases. FR: Lawyers' access to the profession of "avocat auprès de la Cour de Cassation" et "avocat auprès du Conseil d'etat" is subject to quotas. DK: Only lawyers with a Danish license to practice and law firms registered in Denmark may own shares in a Danish law firm. Only lawyers with a Danish license to practise may sit on the board or be part of the management of a Danish law firm. Requirement of a Danish legal examination in order to obtain a Danish licence. FR: Some types of legal form ("association d'avocats" and "société en participation d'avocat") are reserved to lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in FR. In a law firm providing services in respect of French or EC law, at least 75 per cent of the partners holding 75 per cent of the shares shall be lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in FR. HU: Commercial presence should take the form of partnership with a Hungarian barrister (ügyvéd) or a barrister's office (ügyvédi iroda), or representative office. PL: While other types of legal form are available for EC lawyers, foreign lawyers only have access to the legal forms of registered partnership and limited partnership. 16 Includes legal advisory, legal representational, legal arbitration and conciliation/mediation, and legal documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public international law, EC law and the law of any jurisdiction where the investor or its personnel is qualified to practice as a lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable in Member States of the European Union. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of public international law and foreign law, these may take inter alia the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with the host title has been obtained) insurance requirements, simple registration with the host country Bar or a simplified admission to the host country Bar through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the host country. Legal services in respect of EC law shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in the EC acting personally, and legal services in respect of the law of a Member State of the European Union shall in principle be carried out by or through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to the Bar in that Member State acting personally. Full admission to the Bar in the relevant Member State of the European Union might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and other competent authorities in the EC since it involves practice of EC and national procedural law. However, in some Member States, foreign lawyers not fully admitted to the Bar are allowed to represent in civil proceedings a party being a national or belonging to the State in which the lawyer is entitled to practice.

14 Sector or sub-sector b) 1. Accounting and Bookkeeping Services (CPC other than "auditing services", CPC 86213, CPC and CPC 86220) b) 2. Auditing services (CPC and other than accounting services) c) Taxation Advisory Services (CPC 863) 17 Description of reservations AT: Foreign accountants' (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed 25 per cent, if they are not members of the Austrian Professional Body CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. DK: In order to enter into partnerships with Danish authorised accountants, foreign accountants have to obtain permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency. AT: Foreign auditors' (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed 25 per cent, if they are not members of the Austrian Professional Body CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. CZ and SK: At least 60 per cent of capital share or voting rights are reserved to nationals DK: In order to enter into partnerships with Danish authorised accountants, foreign accountant have to obtain permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency FI: Residency requirement for at least one of the auditors of a Finnish Liability company LV: In a commercial company of sworn auditors more than 50 per cent of the voting capital shares shall be owned by sworn auditors or commercial companies of sworn auditors of the EC. LT: Non less that 75 per cent of shares should belong to EC auditors or auditing companies. SE: Only auditors approved in Sweden may perform legal auditing services in certain legal entities, among others in all limited companies. Only such persons may be shareowners or form partnerships in companies which practice qualified auditing (for official purposes). Residency required for approval. SI: The share of foreign persons in auditing companies may not exceed 49 per cent of the equity. AT: Foreign tax advisors' (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed 25 per cent; this applies only to non-members of the Austrian Professional Body. CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. 17 Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be found under 6.A.a). Legal services.

15 Sector or sub-sector d) Architectural services and e) Urban planning and landscape architectural services (CPC 8671 and CPC 8674) f) Engineering servicesand g) Integrated engineering services (CPC 8672 and CPC 8673) h) Medical (including psychologists) and Dental services (CPC 9312 and part of CPC 85201) i) Veterinary services (CPC 932) j) 1. Midwives services (part of CPC 93191) Description of reservations BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership with or as subcontractors of local investors. LV: For architectural services, in order to receive a licence enabling to engage in business activity with full range of legal responsibility and rights to sign a project, practice of 3 years in Latvia in the field of projecting and university degree are required. BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership with or as subcontractors of local investors. AT: Unbound except for dental services and for psychologists and psychotherapists, where: none DE: Economic needs test when medical doctors and dentists are authorized to treat members of public insurance schemes. Main criteria: shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region. FI: Unbound FR: While other types of legal form are available for EC investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of "société d'exercice liberal" and "société civile professionnelle". LV: Economic needs test. Main criteria: shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region. BG, LT: The supply of service is subject to authorisation which is based on a health services plan established in function of needs, taking into account the population and already existing medical and dental services. SI: Unbound for social medicine, sanitary, epidemiological, medical/ecological services; the supply of blood, blood preparations and transplants; autopsy. UK: Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is subject to medical manpower planning. AT: Unbound BG: Economic needs test. Main criteria: population and density of existing business HU: Economic needs test. Main criteria: labour market conditions in the sector BG, FI, MT, SI: Unbound FR: While other types of legal form are available for EC investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of "société d'exercice liberal" and "société civile professionnelle" LT: Economic needs test may be applied. Main criteria: employment situation in the sub-sector

16 Sector or sub-sector j) 2. Services provided by Nurses, Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel (part of CPC 93191) k) Retail sales of pharmaceuticals and retail sales of medical and orthopaedical goods (CPC 63211) and other services supplied by pharmacists 18 B. Computer and Related Services (CPC 84) C. Research and Development Services 19 a) R and D services on natural sciences (CPC 851) b) R and D services on Social Sciences and Humanities (CPC 852 excluding psychologists services) 20 c) Interdisciplinary R and D services (CPC 853) D. Real Estate Services 21 Description of reservations AT: Foreign investors are only allowed in the following activities: nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, logotherapists, dieticians and nutricians BG, MT: Unbound FI, SI: Unbound for Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel FR: While other types of legal form are available for EC investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of "société d'exercice liberal" and "société civile professionnelle" LT: Economic needs test may be applied. Main criteria: employment situation in the sub-sector LV: Economic needs test for foreign physiotherapists and paramedical personnel. Main criteria: employment situation in the given region AT, BG, CY, FI, MT, PL, RO, SE, SI: Unbound BE, DE, DK, EE, ES, FR, IT, HU, IE, LV, PT, SK: Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies a) Involving Own or Leased EC: For publicly funded R and D services, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EC nationals and to EC juridical persons having their headquarters in the EC The supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing and qualification requirements and procedures applicable in Member States of the European Union. As a general rule, this activity is reserved to pharmacists. In some Member States, only the supply of prescription drugs is reserved to pharmacists. The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies. Part of CPC which is to be found under 6.A.h) - Medical and dental services. The service involved relates to the profession of real estate agent and does not affect any rights and/or restrictions on natural and juridical persons purchasing real estate.

17 Sector or sub-sector Property (CPC 821) b) On a Fee or Contract Basis (CPC 822) E. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators a) Relating to Ships (CPC 83103) b) Relating to Aircraft (CPC 83104) c) Relating to Other Transport Equipment (CPC 83101, CPC and CPC 83105) d) Relating to Other Machinery and Equipment (CPC 83106, CPC 83107, CPC and CPC 83109) e) Relating to personal and household goods (CPC 832) f) Telecommunications equipment rental (CPC 7541) F. Other Business Services a) Advertising (CPC 871) b) Market Research and Opinion Polling (CPC 864) c) Management Consulting Services (CPC 865) d) Services Related to Management Consulting (CPC 866) Description of reservations LT: Ships must be owned by Lithuanian natural persons or companies established in Lithuania. SE: To fly the Swedish flag proof of dominating Swedish operating influence must be shown in case of foreign ownership interests in ships. EC: Aircraft used by Community carriers have to be registered in the EC Member State licensing the carrier or elsewhere in the EC. The aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific criteria regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of directors). Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances. AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound for CPC HU: Unbound for arbitration and conciliation services (CPC 86602).

18 Sector or sub-sector e) Technical Testing and Analysis Services 22 (CPC 8676) f) Advisory and Consulting services incidental to Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry (part of CPC 881) g) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to Fishing (part of CPC 882) h) Advisory and Consulting Services incidental to Manufacturing (part of CPC 884 and part of CPC 885) i) Placement and Supply Services of Personnel i) 1. Executive search (CPC 87201) i) 2. Placement Services (CPC 87202) i) 3. Supply Services of office support personnel (CPC 87203) i) 4 Model agency Services (part of CPC 87209) j) 1. Investigation Services (CPC 87301) j) 2. Security Services (CPC 87302, CPC 87303, CPC and CPC 87305) k) Related Scientific and Technical Consulting Description of reservations BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound AT, BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK: Unbound BE, FR, IT: State monopoly DE: Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: situation and development of the labour market AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound IT: State monopoly. BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, ES, EE, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound DK: Requirement of nationality and residence for members of the board. Unbound for the supply of airport guard services BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Licence may be granted only to nationals and to national registered organisations ES: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Access is subject to prior authorisation. FR: Foreign investors require a specific authorisation for exploration and 22 The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies to technical testing and analysis services compulsory for the granting of marketing authorisations or for utilisation authorisations (e.g. car inspection, food inspection).

19 Sector or sub-sector Services 23 (CPC 8675) l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels (part of CPC 8868) l) 2. Maintenance and Repair of Rail Transport Equipment (part of CPC 8868) l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles and road transport Equipment (CPC 6112, CPC 6122, part of CPC 8867 and part of CPC 8868) l) 4. Maintenance and Repair of Aircraft and parts thereof (part of CPC 8868) l) 5. Maintenance and Repair services of metal products, of (non office) machinery, of (non transport and non office) equipment and of personal and household goods 24 (CPC 633, CPC 7545, CPC 8861, CPC 8862, CPC 8864, CPC 8865 and CPC 8866) prospecting services Description of reservations LV: State monopoly SE: Economic needs tests apply when an investor intends to establish its own terminal infrastructure facilities. Main criteria: space and capacity constraints. SE: Economic needs tests apply when an investor intends to establish its own terminal infrastructure facilities. Main criteria: space and capacity constraints The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies to certain activities related to mining (minerals, oil, gas, etc.). Maintenance and repair services of transport equipment (CPC 6112, 6122, 8867 and CPC 8868) are to be found under 6.F. l) 1 to 6.F.l) 4. Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers (CPC 845) are to be found under 6.B. Computer services.

20 Sector or sub-sector m) Building-Cleaning Services (CPC 874) n) Photographic Services (CPC 875) o) Packaging Services (CPC 876) p) Printing and Publishing (CPC 88442) q) Convention Services (part of CPC 87909) r) 1. Translation and Interpretation Services (CPC 87905) r) 2. Interior Design and other Specialty Design Services (CPC 87907) r) 3. Collection Agency Services (CPC 87902) r) 4. Credit reporting services (CPC 87901) r) 5. Duplicating services (CPC 87904) 25 r) 6. Telecommunications consulting services (CPC 7544) r) 7. Telephone answering services (CPC 87903) Description of reservations LT, LV: Establishment rights in publishing sector granted only to nationally incorporated juridical persons (no branches) PL: Nationality requirement for the editor-in-chief of newspapers and journals SE: Residency requirements for publisher and owner of publishing and printing company DK: Authorisation for authorised public translators and interpreters may limit the scope of activity PL: Unbound for the supply of sworn interpretation services BG, HU, SK: Unbound for official translation and interpretation IT, PT: Nationality condition for investors BE: For consumer credit databanks, nationality condition for investors IT, PT: Nationality condition for investors 25 Does not include printing services, which fall under CPC and are to be found under 6.F p).

21 Sector or sub-sector 7. COMMUNICATION SERVICES A. Postal and Courier Services (Services relating to the handling 26 of postal items 27 according to the following list of sub-sectors, whether for domestic or foreign destinations: (i) Handling of addressed written communications on any kind of physical medium, 28 including Hybrid mail service and Direct mail, (ii) Handling of addressed parcels and packages, 29 iii) Handling of addressed press products, 30 (iv) Handling of items referred to in (i) to (iii) above as registered or insured mail, (v) Express delivery services 31 for items referred to in (i) to (iii) above, vi) Handling of non-addressed items, (vii) Document exchange Description of reservations The term "handling" should be taken to include clearance, sorting, transport and delivery. "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private. E.g. letter, postcards. Books, catalogues are included hereunder. Journals, newspapers, periodicals. Express delivery services may include, in addition to greater speed and reliability, value added elements such as collection from point of origin, personal delivery to addressee, tracing and tracking, possibility of changing the destination and addressee in transit, confirmation of receipt. Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as well as transportation by a third party, allowing self-delivery by mutual exchange of postal items between users subscribing to this service. Postal item refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private. For subsectors i) to iv), individual licences imposing particular universal services obligations and/or financial contribution to a compensation fund may be required.

22 Sector or sub-sector Sub-sectors (i), (iv) and (v) are however excluded when they fall into the scope of the services which may be reserved, which is: for items of correspondence the price of which is less than 2.5 times the public basic tariff, provided that they weigh less than 50 grams, 34 plus the registered mail service used in the course of judicial or administrative procedures.) (part of CPC 751, part of CPC and part of CPC ) B. Telecommunications Services These services do not cover the economic activity consisting of the provision of content which requires telecommunications services for its transport a) All services consisting of the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means, 37 excluding broadcasting Description of reservations "Items of correspondence": a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender on the item itself or on its wrapping. Books, catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regarded as items of correspondence. Transportation of mail on own account by any land mode. Transportation of mail on own account by air. These services do not include on-line information and/or data processing (including transaction processing) (part of CPC 843) which is to be found under 6.B. Computer services. Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted chain of transmission required for the distribution of TV and radio programme signals to the general public, but does not cover contribution links between operators. Footnote for clarification purposes: Some Member States of the European Union maintain public participation in certain telecommunication operators. Member States reserve their rights to maintain such public participation in the future. This is not a market access limitation. In Belgium, government participation and voting rights in Belgacom are freely determined under legislative powers as is presently the case under the law of 21 March 1991 on the reform of government-owned economic enterprises.

23 Sector or sub-sector b) Satellite broadcast transmission services CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES (CPC 511, CPC 512, CPC 513, CPC 514, CPC 515, CPC 516, CPC 517 and CPC 518) 9. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES (excluding distribution of arms, munitions, explosives and other war material) All sub-sectors mentioned below 41 A. Commission Agents' Services a) Commission Agents' Services of motor vehicles, motorcycles and snowmobiles and parts and accessories thereof (part of CPC 61111, part of CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121 ) b) Other Commission Agents' Services (CPC 621) Description of reservations EC: service suppliers in this sector may be subject to obligations to safeguard general interest objectives related to the conveyance of content through their network in line with the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications BE: Unbound BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership of as subcontractors of local investors AT: Unbound for distribution of pyrotechnical goods, of ignitable articles and blasting devices and of toxic substances For the distribution of pharmaceutical products and of tobacco products, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EC nationals and to EC juridical persons having their headquarters in the EC FI: Unbound for distribution of alcoholic beverages These services cover the telecommunications service consisting of the transmission and reception of radio and television broadcast by satellite (the uninterrupted chain of transmission via satellite required for the distribution of TV and radio programme signals to the general public). This covers selling use of satellite services, but does not include the selling of television programme packages to households. The horizontal limitation on public utilities applies to the distribution of chemical products, of pharmaceuticals, of products for medical use such as medical and surgical devices, medical substances and objects for medical use, of military equipment and precious metals (and stones) and in some Member States of the European Union also to the distribution of tobacco and tobacco products and of alcoholic beverages.

24 Sector or sub-sector B. Wholesale Trade Services a) Wholesale Trade Services of motor vehicles, motorcycles and snowmobiles and parts and accessories thereof (part of CPC 61111, part of CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121 ) b) Wholesale Trade Services of telecommunication terminal equipment (part of CPC 7542) c) Other wholesale trade services (CPC 622 excluding wholesale trade services of energy products 42 ) C. Retailing Services 43 Retailing Services of motor vehicles, motorcycles and snowmobiles and parts and accessories thereof (CPC 61112, part of CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121 ) Retailing Services of telecommunication terminal equipment (part of CPC 7542) Food retailing services (CPC 631) (Retailing services of other (non-energy) goods, except retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods 44 (CPC 632 excluding CPC and 63297) Description of reservations FR, IT: State monopoly on tobacco FR: Authorisation of wholesale pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies. ES, IT: State monopoly on tobacco BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, MT, PT: Authorisation for department stores (in the case of FR only for large stores) is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing stores, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment. IE, SE: Unbound for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages SE: Authorisation for temporary trade in clothing, shoes and foodstuffs that are not consumed at the point of sale may be subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: impact on existing stores in the geographic area in question These services, which include CPC 62271, are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 18.D. Does not include maintenance and repair services, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES under 6.B. and 6.F.l). Does not include retailing services of energy products which are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 18.E and 18.F. Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods are to be found under PROFESSIONAL SERVICES in 6.A.k).

25 Sector or sub-sector D. Franchising (CPC 8929) 10. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES (only privately funded services) A. Primary Education Services (CPC 921) B. Secondary Education Services (CPC 922) C. Higher Education Services (CPC 923) D. Adult Education Services (CPC 924) E. Other education services (CPC 929) Description of reservations EC: Participation of private operators in the education network is subject to concession AT: Unbound for higher education services. Unbound for education services for adults by means of radio or television broadcasting BG: Unbound for the supply of primary and/or secondary education services by foreign natural persons and associations and for the supply of higher education services CZ, SK: Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board. Unbound for the supply of higher education services except for postsecondary technical and vocational education services (CPC 92310). CY, FI, MT, RO, SE: Unbound EL: Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board in primary and secondary schools. Unbound for higher education institutions granting recognised States diplomas ES, IT: Needs test for opening private universities authorised to issue recognised diplomas or degrees; procedure involves an advice of the Parliament. Main criteria: population and density of existing establishments HU, SK: The number of schools being established may be limited by local authorities (or in the case of high schools and other higher education institutions by central authorities) in charge of granting licenses LV: Unbound for the supply of education services relating to technical and vocational secondary school-type education services for handicapped students (CPC 9224) SI: Unbound for primary schools. Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board in secondary and high schools AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, UK: Unbound CZ, SK: Participation of private operators in the education network is subject to concession. Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board