PPP CONFERENCE HONG KONG 2005 The Exclusion of Scottish Firms in Scotland s PFI Projects

Transcription

1 PPP CONFERENCE HONG KONG 2005 The Exclusion of Scottish Firms in Scotland s PFI Projects Kirsty Hunter and Professor John Kelly Glasgow Caledonian University School of the Built and Natural Environment khu@gcal.ac.uk

2 Structure of Presentation A Background to the PFI PFI Projects in Scotland The Research Project Research Methodology Issues Identified in Interviews Barriers to Entry The Questionnaire The PFI Players PFI Supply Chain Information Results Problems Encountered Conclusions & Further Work

3 A Background to the PFI Introduced in 1992 by Conservative Gov. Extended by Labour Gov. PPP s To increase involvement of private sector in the delivery of public services A vehicle for large scale public sector investment offering fastest rate of construction for public buildings Public sector uses an off balance sheet asset Achieve vfm & transfer risk Controversial scheme

4 PFI Projects in Scotland 2.7b investment in PFI (Audit Scotland, 2002) School Building Programme 2700 primary & secondary schools 1/3 of total investment Healthcare 7/11 new hospital developments since May 1999 Infrastructure Skye Bridge, southern M74, M77, Glasgow Southern Orbital Water 1500 projects from April , 1.8b Glasgow Housing Stock Transfer Spending plans for 4b in next 30years

5 The Research Project Funded by the RICS April 2004 ongoing Assisted by the RICS Investigate PFI players in Scotland s projects Quantity Surveyors Architects Contractors Other members of the core construction team How many architectural practices, contractors, project management firms and other members of the typical core construction project team are based in Scotland? Large national contractors south of border??? The Treasury have a record of excluding smaller firms through restrictive PFI, prime contracting and Procure 21.

6 Scottish Parliament Example Core Project Team Architect Construction Manager Quantity Surveyor Consulting Engineer Planning Supervisor Organisation EMBT RMJM Bovis Lend Lease DL&E Arup Turner & Townsend Location Barcelona, Spain Scotland London (Scottish Office) London (Scottish Office) London (Scottish Office) London (Scottish Office)

7 Research Methodology Strand A Analysis of SE Database Strand B Investigation of the PFI Journal Strand C Structured Interviews of Case Study Research Strand D Questionnaire Survey of Construction Faculty Board Members Strand E Study of Single Project

8 Strand C: Issues Identified in Interviews Specialist Skills Small number of lawyers & project managers Involvement of council employees with non technical background Use of local supply chain dependent on availability of skills Fragmentation Formation of strategic alliance / consortium Bureaucracy & Size Number of regulatory bodies Large size of projects or bundled projects Same contenders PFI a specialised market Provision of different PFI packages

9 Strand C: Issues Identified in Interviews High Costs & Demands on Resources High bidding / participation costs High project values High financial risks Lack of credibility and contacts prevents involvement Demands on management time Commitment to more than one PFI - pressure on resources Acquiring capital investment / cash flow to engage in PFI Acquiring expensive consultancy expertise Acquiring sub-contractors - committed to other projects

10 Barriers to Entry 88% contractors felt there were real barriers to the PFI (Dick & Akintoye, 1996; IPFA 2002) Lack of appropriate skills High participation costs High project values High risk Lack of credibility and contracts Demands on management time

11 Strand D: Questionnaire Respondents were asked: Council area they were from PFI projects they have worked on & nature of input to projects identified Procuring agencies / concession companies they have been involved with To identify any other members of the supply chain

12 The PFI Players Dwindling UK interest Treasury Review (complete Nov 2004) Increasing overseas interest Bilfinger Berger (German) Hochtief (German) Bouygues (French) Overseas interest is positive because UK interest is deteriorating???

13 PFI Supply Chain Information Sector i.e. education, health Project Sponsor / Client Special Purpose Company (SPC) / Consortium Contractor Facilties Management Provider Engineer(s) Lenders / Debt Financing Design Advisors to the Consortium i.e. financial & legal Advisors to the Client i.e. financial, legal & technical

14 Sources of Information RICS questionnaire Interviews with technical advisors Scottish Executive PFI project fact files National Health Service (NHS) database on projects (for health projects only)

15 Sector No. of Projects Identified No. of Projects with Information Percentage of Projects with Information Health % Local Authority % Water and Sewerage Scottish Executive and its Agencies Further Education % % % Public Sector % Police % Total %

16 Supply Chain Member Origins Scotland, England, Overseas Head / Main office in Scotland Office in Scotland, Head / Main office in England or overseas Based in England or overseas only Global company no particular head office (has office in Scotland)

17 Contractor Facilities Manager Architect Legal Advisor to Client Financial Advisor to Client Technical Advisor Balfour Beatty (7) Gardner Merchant / Sodhexo (5) Keppie (4) Central Legal Office (25) PWC (23) Faithful & Gould / Atkins (8) Roberston Group (5) Roberston FM (2) HMA/3D Holmes Partnership(3) Dundas & Wilson (10) Deloitte Touche (14) Mackenzie Partnership (7) Sir Robert McAlpine (4) ISS Mediclean (2) Aedas (3) Shephard & Wedderburn (8) Ernst Young (6) Currie & Brown (7) Morrison (4) Initial Healthcare (2) Young & Gault (2) McGrigor Donald (8) Quayle Munro (5) Canmore Partnership (7) James Walker (4) HBG FM (2) HLM Design (2) McClure Naismith (7) Newchurch & Co (5) Mott MacDonald (4) HBG (4) Dumfries Facilities (2) Fife Council (2) MacRoberts (7) Amey (2) BLB (2) Burness (7)

18 Results With exception of the legal entity, the majority of profit from Scotland s PFI is being absorbed south of the border Based in Scotland 20% financial advisors 29% facilities management providers 33% contractors 40% technical advisors 43% architects 17/37 organisations publish their profits in Scotland compared to 20 in England

19 Problems Encountered Information on Scotland s PFI projects being readily available Databases incomplete Response rate in questionnaire Few practices participating in Scottish PFI projects Knowledge of supply chain

20 Conclusions & Further Work Bidding costs & other PFI costs Huge challenges for Scottish firms PFI is a maturing market Two-tier market With exception of the legal entity, the majority of profit from Scotland s PFI is being absorbed south of the border Initial premise that PFI in Scotland is undertaken mainly by organisations south of the border is disproved Very small constituency of firms operating in the PFI market in Scotland (Glasgow / Edinburgh based) Current PFI system creates a vicious circle

21 Recommendations on Amendments to the PFI??? Requires significant changes PFI and non-pfi routes Bespoke project contracts Different approach to risk allocation Reserve all smaller public sector contracts for smaller companies