Women and Economic Security: Hard to Get, Hard to Keep
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- Lynette Clarke
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1 Women and Economic Security: Hard to Get, Hard to Keep Leslie Gabel-Brett, Ph.D. Executive Director Permanent Commission on the Making Women Visible Day February 16, 2006
2 Women and economic insecurity We earn less. We carry a disproportionate share of family obligations. And we live longer.
3 Why do women earn less? Discrimination Balancing work and family Job segregation
4 80% 75% 70% 65% Women s Median Wages as Percentage of Men s Median Wages: CT % 65.22% 63.52% 64.23% 63.60% 65.45% 70.87% 69.64% 68.85% 68.02% 68.23% 71.99% 73.17% 74.73% 74.29% 75.36% 78.19% 76.93% 78.21% 72.93% 74.10% 76.72% 75.68% 79.25% 78.25% 74.21% 60% Source: Ct Voices for Children, State of Working CT 2005,
5 1 Permanent Commission on the Connecticut women have lower incomes Median Earnings in Connecticut $120,000 $100,000 Earnings $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 Men, $42,342 Connecticut Median, $35,285 $20,000 $0 Women, $27,677
6 Wage gap for women % % At this rate of change, women will not earn equal pay until 2086.
7 Median Annual Earnings as a Percentage of White Men's Earnings, by Race/Ethnicity in CT % 102% 100% 90% 80% 78% 73% 60% 70% 65% 60% 57% 57% 50% 40% 30% 20% Men Women 10% 0% White African American Asian American Hispanic Source: U.S. Census, 2004 American Community Survey, Tables B20017, B20017A, B20017B, B20017C, B20017D, B20017I
8 Job segregation by sex CT Females and Males Employed Within Various Occupational Categories % 97.7% 95.6% 90.0% 80.0% 75.0% 81.2% 78.1% 70.0% 64.5% 69.8% 60.0% 50.0% 47.7% 52.2% 55.9% 44.0% 48.1% 51.8% 57.5% 42.4% 48.7% 51.3% 40.0% 35.5% 30.0% 20.0% 24.9% 18.6% 21.8% 30.1% 10.0% 2.3% 4.3% 0.0% Total Employed Management Occs. Professional & Related Occs. Sales & Related Occs. Office & Administrative Support Co nstructio n & Extraction Health Technicians Personal Care Service Occs. Farming, Fishing & Forrestry Installation, Maintenance & R e p a ir Assemblers & Fabricators Unemployed, No Civilian Work Since 1995 Female 47.7% 35.5% 55.9% 48.1% 75.0% 2.3% 81.2% 78.1% 30.1% 4.3% 57.5% 48.7% Male 52.2% 64.5% 44.0% 51.8% 24.9% 97.7% 18.6% 21.8% 69.8% 95.6% 42.4% 51.3% Source: Connecticut Occupational Statistics of the Civilian Labor Force, Connecticut Department of Labor based on 2000 Census at
9 Job segregation plus discrimination $60,000 $50,000 = low wages $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 Women Men $10,000 $0 Pre-school teacher/truck driver Home health aide/carpenter Social worker/steel worker
10 Tools to Measure Economic Security Self-Sufficiency Standard for Connecticut Health Economic Sufficiency Standard for Connecticut
11 The Self-Sufficiency Standard measures how much income is needed for a family to adequately meet its basic needs without any public or private assistance.
12 How much is enough in Connecticut? Self-Sufficiency Standard -- 1 adult, 1 preschooler and 1 school age child in 5 regions: City of Hartford Northeast Corner Greater New Haven Stamford Greater Danbury $21.13/hr $44,628/yr $20.17/hr $42,597/yr $25.10/hr $53,007/yr $29.07/hr $61,394/yr $27.56/hr $58,202/yr
13 Comparing the Self-Sufficiency Standard to other income benchmarks 1 adult, 1 preschooler, 1 school age child $62,700 $48,318 $16,090 $19,130* $9,888 TANF and Food Stamps Federal Poverty Level Full-Time Min. Wage * Includes net effect of taxes, including EITC, for wull time wage earner at minimum wage. Waterbury Self Sufficiency Wage Waterbury Median Family Income
14 What is the Connecticut Health Economic Sufficiency Standard? HESS measures the economic burden of health care and illness on Connecticut families
15 Family health burdens threaten economic security The family health burden for different families ranges from $1,322 to $37,306
16 Impact of family health burden on self-sufficiency Family of 4 needs $54,575 per year for living expenses The same family with no employer sponsored insurance (ESI) needs an additional $6,553 per year Comparable family with no ESI and a family member in fair/poor health needs an additional $9,268
17 Family Economic Self-Sufficiency Balance work and family Transportation Affordable housing Health insurance Affordable childcare Education and skills Wages and benefits
18 Impact of education on earnings, CT $67,743 $47,539 $52,709 $32,089 $26,146 $41,597 $28,523 $35,654 $41,715 Female Male $19,253 Not High School Graduate High School Graduate Some College Associates Degree Bachelor's Degree
19 Monthly Cost of Child Care for Selected Regions of CT Northeast Corner Hartford Greater New Haven Greater Danbury Stamford one preschooler $738 $866 $879 $905 $1,015 one preschooler and one school age $1,193 $1,401 $1,422 $1,462 $1,643 Source: The Real Cost of Living in 2005: The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Connecticut
20 Percentage of Income Needed to Meet Basic Needs of One Adult, Infant and Schoolage Child in New London, CT The Self-Sufficiency per hour wage would be $ Miscellaneous 8% Healthcare 9% Taxes-Net* 10% Housing 20% Transportation 7% Food 13% Childcare 33% *Percentages include the net effect of taxes and tax credits. Source: The Real Cost of Making a Living in 2005: The Self Sufficiency Standard for Connecticut, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, State of CT
21 How do we build the ladder to economic security? Balance work and family Transportation Affordable Housing Health insurance Affordable childcare Education and skills Wages and benefits
22 Education and Skills Invest in adult basic education literacy, numeracy and ESL Invest in skill training Provide childcare assistance to learners Allow welfare recipients enough time to learn
23 Wages and Benefits Target economic development strategies to companies who provide good jobs, benefits and career ladders Help women enter nontraditional occupations or start their own businesses Create career ladders to help low-wage workers learn and earn Maintain a level playing field for collective bargaining
24 Childcare Fully fund the Care 4 Kids program and remove the cap Restore eligibility to working families with incomes up to 75% of the state median Invest in pre-school education for all children
25 Health Care Expand HUSKY eligibility to more adults and streamline enrollment for families Strengthen employer-based insurance Expand opportunities to purchase insurance through pools such as MEHIP Reduce the costs of prescription drugs
26 Health Care Provide universal healthcare coverage in Connecticut.
27 Transportation Invest in public transportation that takes working parents where they need to go to childcare, then workplace and back. Invest in public transportation that is available for second and third shift workers.
28 Affordable Housing Invest in new affordable housing units and rental assistance programs Invest in innovative transitional housing initiatives where low-income families can live and receive job training and other services
29 Balance work and family Guarantee paid sick days for all workers Provide family leave insurance Protect health insurance and other work supports for part time workers Make child care available for workers with non-traditional hours
30 Can we afford to make these investments? Investing in work and work supports that lead to economic security strengthens individuals and families and
31 Can we afford to make these investments? Saves spending that results from poverty and economic instability, for example: lost productivity; uncompensated health care; child welfare services; shelters and food pantries; criminal justice and corrections.
32 Economic Security for Women An investment in women and their families. An investment in our economy. An investment in our community.
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SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 602894 Central Cities (CC) 227,818 Outside Central Cities 375,076 Percent of Entire MSA 37.79% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1187941 Central Cities (CC) 511,843 Outside Central Cities 676,098 Percent of Entire MSA 43.09% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 661645 Central Cities (CC) 247,057 Outside Central Cities 414,588 Percent of Entire MSA 37.34% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 583845 Central Cities (CC) 316,649 Outside Central Cities 267,196 Percent of Entire MSA 54.24% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1251509 Central Cities (CC) 540,423 Outside Central Cities 711,086 Percent of Entire MSA 43.18% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1135614 Central Cities (CC) 677,766 Outside Central Cities 457,848 Percent of Entire MSA 59.68% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 591932 Central Cities (CC) 260,970 Outside Central Cities 330,962 Percent of Entire MSA 44.09% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1100491 Central Cities (CC) 735,617 Outside Central Cities 364,874 Percent of Entire MSA 66.84% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 540258 Central Cities (CC) 198,915 Outside Central Cities 341,343 Percent of Entire MSA 36.82% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1249763 Central Cities (CC) 691,295 Outside Central Cities 558,468 Percent of Entire MSA 55.31% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1088514 Central Cities (CC) 272,953 Outside Central Cities 815,561 Percent of Entire MSA 25.08% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 922516 Central Cities (CC) 470,859 Outside Central Cities 451,657 Percent of Entire MSA 51.04% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 687249 Central Cities (CC) 198,500 Outside Central Cities 488,749 Percent of Entire MSA 28.88% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 542149 Central Cities (CC) 181870 Outside Central Cities 360279 Percent of Entire MSA 33.55% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1025598 Central Cities (CC) 293,834 Outside Central Cities 731,764 Percent of Entire MSA 28.65% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 875583 Central Cities (CC) 232,835 Outside Central Cities 642,748 Percent of Entire MSA 26.59% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 716998 Central Cities (CC) 448,275 Outside Central Cities 268,723 Percent of Entire MSA 62.52% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1333914 Central Cities (CC) 284,943 Outside Central Cities 1,048,971 Percent of Entire MSA 21.36% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 712738 Central Cities (CC) 448,607 Outside Central Cities 264,131 Percent of Entire MSA 62.94% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean. Population Entire MSA
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1169641 Central Cities (CC) 0 Outside Central Cities 1,169,641 Percent of Entire MSA 0% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999 to
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 3251876 Central Cities (CC) 2,078,750 Outside Central Cities 1,173,126 Percent of Entire MSA 63.92% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1592383 Central Cities (CC) 1,181,140 Outside Central Cities 411,243 Percent of Entire MSA 74.17% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1776062 Central Cities (CC) 716,793 Outside Central Cities 1,059,269 Percent of Entire MSA 40.36% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 4112198 Central Cities (CC) 416,474 Outside Central Cities 3,695,724 Percent of Entire MSA 10.13% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 9519338 Central Cities (CC) 4408996 Outside Central Cities 5110342 Percent of Entire MSA 46.32% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1623018 Central Cities (CC) 152397 Outside Central Cities 1470621 Percent of Entire MSA 9.39% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1731183 Central Cities (CC) 776733 Outside Central Cities 954450 Percent of Entire MSA 44.87% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 2968806 Central Cities (CC) 669,769 Outside Central Cities 2,299,037 Percent of Entire MSA 22.56% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 2846289 Central Cities (CC) 809063 Outside Central Cities 2037226 Percent of Entire MSA 28.43% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 4441551 Central Cities (CC) 1147720 Outside Central Cities 3293831 Percent of Entire MSA 25.84% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 1500741 Central Cities (CC) 661799 Outside Central Cities 838942 Percent of Entire MSA 44.1% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 2552994 Central Cities (CC) 686992 Outside Central Cities 1866002 Percent of Entire MSA 26.91% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
SDs from Regional Peer Group Mean. SDs from Size Peer Group Mean
Family: Population Demographics Population Entire MSA 2414616 Central Cities (CC) 764431 Outside Central Cities 1650185 Percent of Entire MSA 31.66% Population in CC Percent Change in Population from 1999
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