New A Level Economics. Resources for Courses. Labour Markets SAMPLE RESOURCE

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1 New A Level Economics Labour Markets Resources for Courses

2 Which Wage? Resources for Courses Teacher Instructions This resource contains a number of different sets of cards. Each set can be organised from lowest to highest wages the student task is to organise the cards from lowest to highest, using their powers of deduction and general knowledge. As extension material, there is a group of accompanying questions for each card set these are provided at the back of the resource, before the solutions to the card sorting exercises. Set One students should organise these country cards from lowest hourly minimum wage to highest hourly minimum wage (in $, at PPP). Set Two students should organise these occupation cards from lowest UK hourly average wage to highest UK hourly average wage (in ). Set Three students should organise these country cards from lowest annual income on unemployment benefit to highest annual income on unemployment benefit the benefits are calculated using OECD data, and are based on the income that a newly unemployed person would receive in their first month of unemployment, assuming that they had previously earned the average wage for that country, and are single without children (These cards can be re-used to organise from lowest unemployment rate to highest unemployment rate). Set Four students should organise these country cards from lowest weekly teacher pay to highest weekly teacher pay. Set Five students should organise these UK town/city cards from lowest average weekly pay to highest weekly teacher pay. Solutions for the card sorting exercises are provided at the end of this resource.

3 Argentina Australia Bangladesh Belgium Brazil SA RE M SO PL E U RC E New Zealand Canada China Cuba Estonia France Germany Greece India Ireland Japan Luxembourg New Zealand

4 Poland United Kingdom USA Academic librarian Air Traffic Controller Architect Actuary Cabin Crew Ceramics designer Dentist Estate Agent Optician Premier League Footballer Aerospace engineer Crown Prosecution Service Barrister Pharmacist Nursery Teacher League Two Football Manager

5 Hairdresser Headmaster Police Officer Forensic Psychologist Fast Food Restaurant Manager Outdoor Activity Centre Manager Austarlia Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Iceland Italy Japan South Korea

6 New Zealand Norway Turkey United Kingdom USA SA RE M SO PL E U RC E Luxembourg Sweden Spain Poland Australia Canada Chile Czech Republic England France Germany Iceland Ireland

7 Israel Japan South Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands Scotland Poland Sweden Turkey USA Argentina Aberdeen Birmingham Stratfordon-Avon Wigan Cardiff St Albans

8 Oldham City of London Wolverhampton Cornwall Scottish Borders Isle of Wight Liverpool Portsmouth Exeter Kensington and Chelsea Manchester Tower Hamlets Glasgow Leeds Newcastleupon-Tyne

9 Suggested questions for each card set Card Set One National Hourly Minimum Wages, $ at PPP Why might different countries have different minimum wages? How are appropriate minimum wages determined? Do any of the minimum wages surprise you? Why? Card Set Two Average starting salaries for newly qualified workers, UK How many factors can you list that might explain why different occupations have different wages? Which of these occupations have provide benefits other than wages / monetary rewards? Card Set Three Selected OECD Countries and their unemployment rates, average salary, and average unemployment income Is there any relationship between unemployment rates and average salary? What about between unemployment rates and average unemployment income? Is there any evidence to suggest that high unemployment income leads to a higher incentive to remain unemployed? What factors might cause a government to be generous / stingy with unemployment benefits? In which countries is there a large disparity between average salary and average u employment income? Why might this be? What might be the effect? Card Set Four Primary School Teacher Salaries Why might different countries have different wages for primary school teachers? What might be the effect of trade union activity? Of monopsony activity? What factors other than money might motivate someone to be a primary teacher? Card Five Weekly wages in cities and local authorities in the UK Why might explain the differences in weekly wages for different parts of the UK? Are there any pieces of data that surprise you? Why? Why not? What do you notice about average female pay compared with the average pay? Why might this be the case? In which areas is female pay very different to average pay? Why might this be the case? In which areas is it very similar? Why? Is there any evidence of discrimination against women in terms of pay?

10 Which Wage? Resources for Courses Solutions Set One National Hourly Minimum Wages, $ at PPP Country NMW Country NMW Cuba 0.08 USA 7.25 Bangladesh 0.25 Canada 7.82 India 1.02 UK 8.19 Afghanistan 1.42 Ireland 8.85 Brazil 2.39 New Zealand 9.44 China 3.44 Belgium Estonia 3.64 Germany Poland 5.34 France Greece 5.65 Luxembourg Japan 5.93 Australia Argentina 6.81 Occupation Estate Agent Ceramics Designer Cabin Crew Hairdresser Optician Outdoor Activity Centre Manager Fast Food Restaurant Manager Pharmacist Academic Librarian Nursery Teacher Architect Starting Salary for qualified worker Source: United Nations Set Two Average starting salaries for newly qualified workers, UK Occupation Starting Salary for qualified worker Police Officer Aerospace Engineer Dentist CPS Barrister Air Traffic Controller Forensic Psychologist Actuary League Two Football Manager Headmaster/mistress Premier League Footballer Source:

11 Set Three (a) Selected OECD Countries and their unemployment rates Country Unemployment Country Unemployment rate rate South Korea 2.7 Estonia 6.1 Japan 4.1 Denmark 6.2 Iceland 4.1 Canada 6.5 Norway 4.5 Sweden 7.4 Germany 4.7 Poland 7.6 Czech Republic 5.1 Belgium 8.5 USA 5.3 Turkey 9.3 UK 5.6 France 10.4 New Zealand 5.6 Italy 12.0 Luxembourg 5.7 Spain 22.2 Australia 6.0 Set Three (b) Single person with no children - average income post tax/benefits ( ) Country Income post Country Income post tax/benefits tax/benefits Turkey Germany Poland Japan Czech Republic Iceland Estonia Sweden Italy USA Spain Denmark New Zealand UK Canada Australia South Korea Luxembourg France Norway Belgium Set Three (c) Single person with no children - average income if they become unemployed (converted to ) Country Unemployment Country Unemployment Income Income Turkey USA Poland Canada Estonia Japan Czech Republic Germany New Zealand France Australia Belgium South Korea Iceland Spain Denmark Italy Norway UK Luxembourg Sweden Source: OECD and ILO Source:

12 Set Four Primary school teacher salaries, $ at PPP Country Salary Country Salary Poland Japan Mexico USA Czech Republic Scotland Chile South Korea Turkey Australia Iceland Netherlands Israel Ireland France Canada Sweden Germany Norway Luxembourg England Set Five (a) Average weekly wage in selected UK cities and local authorities City/local authority Cornwall 321 Oldham 338 Wigan 340 Isle of Wight 352 Scottish Borders 374 Wolverhampton 380 Liverpool 383 St Albans 384 Newcastleupon-Tyne 391 Birmingham 410 Cardiff 412 City/local authority Isle of Wight 265 Cornwall 267 Wigan 279 Oldham 280 Stratford-on-Avon 283 Wolverhampton 295 St Albans 298 Scottish Borders 309 Liverpool 315 Newcastleupon-Tyne 326 Birmingham 327 Source: Weekly Wage Weekly Wage City/local authority Leeds 421 Exeter 422 Stratford-on-Avon 434 Portsmouth 440 Glasgow 443 Manchester 460 Kensington and Chelsea 479 Aberdeen 506 Tower Hamlets 821 City of London 877 City/local authority Exeter 346 Cardiff 352 Leeds 352 Portsmouth 355 Glasgow 372 Aberdeen 394 Manchester 409 Kensington and Chelsea 468 Tower Hamlets 647 City of London 727 Weekly Wage Source: Set Five (b) Average female weekly wage in selected UK cities and local authorities Weekly Wage Source:

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