ADOPTION OF PURDUE IMPROVED COWPEA STORAGE (PICS) BAG IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Transcription

1 ADOPTION OF PURDUE IMPROVED COWPEA STORAGE (PICS) BAG IN NORTHERN NIGERIA Abdoulaye T, B. Ayedun, S. Musa, J. Lowenberg- DeBoer, D. Barisbutsa, S. Yakubu and Amina Aminu Introduction Objective Methodology Outline Results Descriptive stats Factors affecting adoption Conclusion & recommendation 1

2 Introduction PICS was initiated on a pilot basis in 2008/09 in 4 states in Nigeria Village demonstrations were conducted in 100 villages In each village 5 farmers provided cowpea for demonstration There is need to know the level of awareness of the innovation among cowpea farmers. Price of Cowpea per Period October/November May/June Cowpea prices often double between harvest and next planting season 2

3 Number of demonstrations conducted in each state, Kano Jigawa Katsina Plateau conducted 3

4 Average Attendance per demonstration in each state Kano Jigawa Katsina Plateau Number of Participants 4

5 Objective Following pilot phase, study wants to document adoption and learn from it for other regions - Specifically To document awareness and adoption rates of PICS bags among cowpea producers To determine factors that influence the PICS bag adoption T document constraints to adoption of PICS bags The study area 5

6 Survey and data collection In 2009 a survey was conducted with 1095 Households in 3 states of 4 states In each state, both pilot villages and non-pilot villages were selected In Pilot villages, 5 demonstration farmers and 20 randomly selected farmers In Non-pilot villages, 10 randomly selected farmers Interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire with help from extension agents in the area. Sample composition Demonstration Villages DV (Where demonstration was done for farmers on PICS bags) KANO JIGAWA KATSINA Pilot farmers/village Non-pilot farmers/village Total number of respondents from DV Non-Demonstration Villages NDV (No demonstration on PICS bags) Total farmers from NDV Total responding farmers Total from all states

7 Sample composition Distribution of useful data (1078) Variables All Jigawa Kano Katsina Respondents per type of farmers Demonstrators (Pilot farmers) Non-demonstrators (Pilot farmers) Respondent per Village type Demonstration villages (Pilot village) Non-demonstration villages (non pilot village) Methods Con t Descriptive statistics Tables and graph Averages and frequencies Econometric models Probit Logit 7

8 Survey results Households socio-economics characteristics per state Variable All Jigawa Kano Katsina N Age of household head (years) Gender % male Household size Cowpea area cultivated (ha/hh) Total Cowpea production (kg/hh) Quantity of cowpea stored (kg) Period of storage (weeks) Cowpea revenue (Naira) Contact with Extension agent % Membership of Association %

9 Selected households characteristics per village type in each state Variables Demonstration Village Non-Demonstration Village Jigawa Kano Katsina Jigawa Kano Kastina N Demonstrators (pilot farmers) % na na na Non-demonstrators (non-pilot farmers)% Household size Average age of HH Educated % Members of Association % Selected households characteristics per farmer type in each state Variables Demonstrators (pilot farmers) Non-demonstrators (nonpilot farmers) Jigawa Kano Kastina Jigawa Kano Kastina (N) Demonstration villages (Pilot village) Non-demonstration villages (nonpilot village) na na na Household size (average) Average Age of HH Education % Membership of Association %

10 Village Demonstration Village Non- Demonstration Different estimated adoption rates Adoption rates based on village type Total Jigawa Kano Katsina 10

11 % Respondents % Respondents Adoption rates based on attendance of village demonstration Total Jigaw a Kano Kastina Participant Non-Participant Adoption rates based on farmers' types Demonstrators Non-Demonstrators Total Jigaw a Kano Kastina 11

12 Sources of information about PICS technology Source of PICS bags 100 % Respondents PICS project LGA MARKET All Jigawa Kano Katsina 12

13 % of respondents Too expensive Not available Low cowpea Old method is better Lack of information others Reasons for non-adoption Jigawa Kano Katsina What else affects adoption of PICS technology? 13

14 Household characteristics based on adoption status for each state Variable All Jigawa Kano Kastina Adopter s Non- Adopter s Adopte rs Non- Adopter s Adopter s Non- Adopter s Adopter s Non- Adopter s N Average age of HH Household Size (Average) % of male HH Contact with Extension Agent % Members of Association % Description of variables in Probit and Logit models Adoption of PICS bags -dependent 1=if adopted, 0= otherwise Village types Demonstration village = 1, otherwise=0 Types of farmers Demonstration farmers=1, otherwise =0 Jigawa Kano Gender Age Member of association Area cultivated Quantity of cowpea stored Participation in village demonstration Radio Fellow farmer Extension agent Other storage method 1=Jigawa state, 0=otherwise 1=Kano state, 0=otherwise 1 if male, 0 if otherwise Age of respondent in years 1=if a member, 0=if otherwise Area of cowpea cultivated in ha Quantity of cowpea stored in Kg 1 = participant, 0=otherwise 1= radio, 0=if otherwise (info source) 1=farmers, 0=otherwise (info source) 1=Extension agent,0=otherwise (infosource) Use other storage methods: 1=yes, 0=if no 14

15 Regression results Variable Probit model Logit model Coefficient Estimate Std. Err Dy/dx Coefficient Estimate Std. Err Dy/dx Village type Farmer type Jigawa kano Gender Age Member of association Area cultivated 0.31*** *** * * * * ** ** Variable Coefficient Estimate Results cont d Probit model Std. Err Dy/dx Coefficient Estimate Logit model Std. Err Dy/dx Cowpea stored -7.06E E E E-06 Participation 1.17* * Radio information Information from extension Other storage method 0.57** ** * * Constant Loglikelihood LR Chi Psudo R Number of observation

16 Factors affecting adoption Key variables with positive effects on adoption Being from a demonstration village Participation in village demonstration Being member of a farmers group Total cowpea area of the household Access to information Usage of other storage methods had a negative effect as expected Conclusions 1 After first year of introduction ; adoption of PICS bags was 21.4.% overall average in the study area Among those who attended village demonstrations it was 43.3% 64% among demonstrating farmers Information and bags are mainly coming from project This is expected to be reduced as market is already the source for 14-up to 38% of adopters in Katsina 16

17 Conclusions 2 Village demonstrations make a difference Pilot Attendance of demonstration Contact with extension agents is also a key factor Information dissemination also played an important role (Membership of association, Radio) Bag supply chain development is critical for this technology The establishment of bags SP should receive more attention Thank You Merci 17

18 Cowpea production per state, Nigeria