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1 UNVERSTY OF SWAZLAND FACULTY OF SOCAL SCENCES DEPARTMENT OF STATSTCS AND DEMOGRAPHY MAN EXAMNATON 2016 TTTLE OF PAPER: DEMOGRAPHC METHODS 1 COURSE NUMBER: DEM 201 TME ALLOWED: 2 Hours NSTRUCTONS: ANSWER QUESTON 1 AND ANY 1WO QUESTONS FROM SECTON B. ALL QUESTONS ARE WORTH 25 MARKS EACH. REQUREMENT: CALCULATOR THS PAPER SHOULD NOT BE OPENED UNTL PERMSSON HAS BEEN GVEN BY THE NVGLATOR. Page

2 SECTON A: COMPULSORY Queston 1 a) Why s t necessary to standardze rates? Whch type of standardzaton do you prefer and why? (4) b) How s the standard populaton selected? (4) c) You are presented wth data of three countres n table 1 Table 1: Populaton sze for three hypothetcal populatons Country A Country B CountryC Md-year populaton by age group 0-4 years old years old years old Number of deaths, by age group 0-4 years old years old years old Usng data n table 1: 1. What are the crude death rates for each country? (3) Usng populaton A as the standard, calculate the drectly standardsed crude death rates for countres Band C. Do these standardsed rates tell you anythng about mortalty that was not vsble from the crude rates calculated n queston c? (7) 111. Usng populaton A as the standard, calculate the ndrectly standardsed crude death rate of country B (J) 21Page

3 SECTON B: ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTONS Queston 2 a) Show the equaton for calculatng the Sngulate Mean Age at Marrage (SMAM) and defne the component ofthe equaton. (6) b) Usng the data table 2 detennne the Sngulate Mean Age at Marrage (SMAM) and comment on your answer (7) Table 2: Proporton sngle among women n a hypothetcal country n 1998 Age group Proporton sngle c) Dfferentate between marrage and nuptalty (2) d) Name and Dfferentate between the two types of nuptalty tables (4) e) Dvorce and annulment (2) f) Descrbe any two measures of marrage and explan ther parameters (4) 31Page

4 Queston 3 Table 3: Data on Fertlty Age group nlx All women Chldren bom Female chldren Usng data provded n table 3 to answer the followng questons: a) Estmate the General fertlty rate and provde nterpretaton (4) b) Estmate the Total Fertlty rate and provde nterpretaton (4) c) Descrbe the meanng of the Total fertlty rate (2) d) Estmate the Gross Reproductve rate and provde nterpretaton (4) e) Estmate the net reproductve rate and provde nterpretaton (4) f) What s the dfference between net repreductve rate and gross reproductve rate? (3) g) Why s the age specfc fertlty rate a better measure of fertlty than Crude brth rate? (4) 41Page

5 Queston 4 Table 4: ncomplete lfe table of South Afrca males n 1996 x NMx nqx npx x ndx ""Lx Tx ex (v) (v) (v) , () () : () (v) Usng the data n table 4, answer the followng questons: a) Fll n the mssng cells () to (v) n table 4. State clearly the notaton used and fonnulae and brefly explan the meanng of each fgure you have calculated. (18) b) What s the probablty ofsurvval from brth to age 20? (2) c) Dstngush between an abrdged and a complete lfe table (2) d) Gve three (3) uses-of lfe tables (3) 51Page

6 Queston 5 a) What s a dfference between a rate and a rato? (2) b) What s a dfference between a cohort and a perod rate? (2) c) Brefly explan the ratonale for usng the md-year populaton as a denomnator for demographc rates and also wrte the formula. (2) d) 2500 women aged 55 were gven a health check, and 215 women were found to have hgh blood pressure. Two years later all 2500 women attended a second check and another 80 had developed hgh blood pressure. 1. What was the prevalence ofhgh blood pressure n women at age 55? (1). What was the prevalence ofhgh blood pressure n women at age 57? (1). What was the ncdence of hgh blood pressure n the two-year perod n these women? (3) e) Table 5: You are gven the followng brths and nfants deaths recorded n Sub-Saharan Afrca n Year Brths cohorts Brths Deaths nfant Deaths Usng data n table 5, answer the followng questons:. What s the conventonal nfant mortalty rate n year 1990? (3) 11. What s the adjusted nfant mortalty rate for 1990 usng the Cohort method? (6) ll. Do the rates above dffer? f so, why do they dffer and whch one would you prefer as a better ndcator ofnfant mortalty experence of ths populaton? (2) V. What s the ratonale behnd adjustng the nfant mortalty rate? (3) 61Page