Historical general view Institutional Present condition & issues. General view Historical Present

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2 General view Historical Present

3 Development of employability promotion for [4] Term of promotion to social integration (the '90s '90s ) [3] Term of synthesis rehabilitation (second half of the '70 s '80 s) [2] Term of preparation for development (the '60s first half of the '70s) [ ] Term off establishing [1] bl h system (the ( h 1950s))

4 Development of employability promotion for [1] Term of establishing system (the 1950s) ¾ Public vocational guidance institutions for persons with (1948) ¾ ILO Recommendation No. 99 (Vocational rehabilitation (di bl d) 1955) (disabled), ¾ Vocational Training Law (1958) including persons with, Training allowance ¾ Act on Employment Promotion, etc., of Persons with (1960) Obligation to make a sincere effort regarding employment rate of ( private sector= over 1.3%, public sector= over 1.5% 1 5% )

5 Development of employability promotion for [2] Term of preparation for development (the '60s first half of the '70s) ¾ Expansion of training persons subject (including mental disability) by revision of training standard ¾ Amendment of Act on Employment Promotion, etc., of Persons with (1976) Obligation to make a sincere effort regarding employment rate of legal l l liliability bili (1.6%) (1 6%) Establishing penalty payment system

6 Development of employability promotion for [3] Term of synthesis rehabilitation (second half of the '70 s '80 s) Establishing National vocational Rehabilitation Center and National Rehabilitation Center for (1979, same site) = Integration of occupational evaluation, vocational training and vocational counseling United d Nations Decade d off Disabled bl d Persons ((1983)) Normalization l idea ILO convention No. 159 (Vocational rehabilitation and employment) Vi l t policy li ffor ith allll ki d off View off th the employment kinds Act on employment promotion of physical Act Act on employment promotion, promotion etc. etc of (1987) Persons with intellectual were also included for calculation of the employment rate system (However, legal liability was shelved and didn t didn t change the numerical value value, either) either).

7 Development of employability promotion for [[4]] Term of p promotion to social integration g (the ( '90s ) '90s Object of the employment policy All Persons with intellectual became objects for calculation of an employment rate system (1.6% (1 6% 1.8% 1 8% (1997) Ratifying ILO convention No. 159 (1992) Establishing the public vocational training course for mental (2002) Undertaking of trial employment for, Job Coach operation p ((system y of dispatching p g supporter pp to the business site for intellectual and mental who has problem of adapting) Establishing Employment Employment and Life Support Center for Persons with Disabilities Persons with mental were also included to the subject for calculation of the employment rate system (2006). (2006) (However, (However legal liability was shelved and the numerical value didn t change, either)

8 General view Historical Present

9 Subject and system of the training VT i in a narro ow sense e V VT in a br Human Resources Development Promotion Law VT at the general VT facilities (Normal level VT, High level VT) VT at the VT facilities for (Normal level VT ) Entrustment VT at educational institutions i i in private sector (Various VT to meet various modes of disability) Act on employment promotion, etc. of Training g for adapting to workplace Ability development training Occupational preparation support Job Coach s support operation road sens se S ubje ct on n Job Subject on Ada aptation

10 General view Historical Present

11 Present Number of vocational training participants, and the employment rate Fiscal 2008 Number of participants VT at VT facilities for 2,262 (VT for Job ob seekers) (1,905) (VT for current workers) (357) VT at general VT facilities 759 (Good use of general VT facilities operation) Entrustment VT to meet various modes of disability Total 8,802 Employm ent rate Fiscal 2009 Number of participants Employm ent rate 2,262-2,311 - (1,905) 59.0% (1,968) 55.0% (357) - (343) (425) (70.6%) (425) (64.9%) 5, % 6, % 8,802-9,111 - Source: Human Resources Development Bureau Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare

12 Present Physical F.Y.2009 F.Y.2008 Entrustment VT to meet various modes of disability Intellectural Mental Developmental Others Source: Human Resources Development Bureau Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare

13 Expansion of the employability promotion opportunities Present VT T in a nar rrow sens se VT in a b broad sen nse Human Resources Development Promotion Law VT at the general VT facilities (Normal level VT, High level VT) VT at the VT facilities for (Normal level VT ) Entrustment VT at educational institutions in private sector Beginning in 2004 Subje ct o n Job (Various VT to meet various modes of disability) Attendance of VT opportunity in the Act on employment area promotion, they live etc. ( Enterprises, NPO, of Social welfare corporation, Private Training i i for adapting educational to workplace institutions, etc.) Ability development training Occupational preparation support JobCoach s s supportoperation operation Subject t on Ad daptatio on

14 Present More serious disability Expansion of employability promotion for Physical, Intellectual, Mental, Developmental (All kindsof )

15 Working form of Present Work (Non Non em mployment contract) Employ ment (Employment contract) General employment Sheltered employment Welfare work Act on Employment Promotion etc. of Persons with Disabilities Services and Supports for Persons with Disabilities Act Self management, etc. Issues Protective employment measure to secure the based based employment opportunity Principle to prohibit from discrimination of provision equal opportunities (equal service)

16 General view Historical Present

17 General view Historical Present

18 General view Prior confirmation: Why do we consider the to be "socially vulnerable?" Employment opportunity 60(%) The rate which has not started work once in one year after the job hunting application Synthesis fact finding finding regarding Jobseekers (2002)

19 Prior confirmation: Why do we consider the to be "socially vulnerable?" Employment opportunity The reason for not increasing employment of workers aged 60 and over 1 Priority is given to employment of youth and the middle aged generation (except for small enterprises). General view 2 Suitable jobs for the are very few. 3 Advanced age workers can t work hard in terms of physical strength and health. (White Paper on the National Lifestyle 2006)

20 General view Prior confirmation: Why do we consider the to be "socially vulnerable?" Employment opportunity Earnings Wages according to age class ( 千円 ) Male Female Basic Survey of Wage Structure (2010)

21 General view Prior confirmation: Why do we consider the to be "socially vulnerable?" Employment opportunity Earnings (The income gap is so large that age is high.) Gini i coefficient i according to age class National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (2009)

22 Why is the employability the a problem? (%) M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 M/標準 No answer (M)55 59 Oth Others (F)55 59 (M)60 64 (F)60 64 To raise the standard t d d(m)65 69 off living li i (F)65 69 No aanswer Others Becaause I havee time to sp pare Becaause it wass asked Meaaning for liffe, social participattion Health reason (good for health) h Reasson on the economy To maintain the life of myself and my family Survey regarding the actual situation of the employment and work of the 2009,JILPT 2009,JILPT

23 General view 57% (71.4% of a male, 42.9% of a woman) of the employment rate of from 60 to 64 years old is higher than another foreign countries. (%) Labor force participation rate 55 59(M) 55 59(F) 60 64(M) 60 64(F) () 65 (M) 65 (F) (OECD, OECD Stat Extracts, Jan. 2011)

24 Two factors to prescribe beginning work in the advanced d age period id Mandatory retirement system Pension system Mandatory retirement Pension payout at 60 years old at 65 years old General view Type of work: "Continuous employment" for the livelihood to the pension payout Type of work: Employment for compensating shortage of the pension income

25 General view Silver Human Resources Center As a main work form except "the continuation employment SHR S.H.R. Center Contract agreement or mandate contract Orderer request, payment py request, payment (Home, company, public body) Member without employment relationship "temporary and short tt term or other simple operations (need special knowledge or skills) coherent to the everyday life in the community

26 General view Silver Human Resources Center As a main work form except "the continuation employment Number of organizations : 1,332 Membership : 791,859 Number of orders : 3,377,190 Number of true employment Contract /consignment : 641,762 Dispatch : 7, Total number of man days : 70,332,510 (man days) Contract amount of money : 306,969,577,

27 Mandatory retirement system combined with the long term employment practice and seniority system Long term employment practice Seniority system As preventive measures against movement of skilled workers From the beginning of the 1900s to the first half of the 1910s The full time employee's rate increased by the labor shortage in the high growth growth era, and the long term employment and the seniority system became common. Mandatory retirement system As coping of the problem called the age related efficiency i decline In order to make a carrier model

28 Act on Stabilization of Employment of Elderly Persons 1971 Establishing Special Measures Act on Stabilization of Employment of Elderly Persons 1986 Revision The name was changed by a "Act on Stabilization of Employment of Elderly Persons." 60 years old mandatory retirement was obligated to make a sincere effort 1994 Revision legal obligation of 60 years old retirement age 2000 Revision Obligation to make a sincere effort regarding job security measure, which include the continuous employment after retirement age, g, in the first half of 60 years old generation (in order to correspond to raising of the eligibility age for payments of the public pension) 2004 Principle prohibition about discrimination of the application and adoption by age 2006 Obligation of job security measure, which include the continuous employment after retirement age, in the first half of 60 years old generation Obligation of carrying out one of the following three choices (1) To raise a retirement age to 65 years old or more (2) To make a continuation employment system to 65 years old or more (3) To abolish the fate of the retirement age

29 Change of retirement age in the mandatory retirement system (%) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Employment management investigation (~2004 ), Working condition synthesis investigation (2005~)

30 The situation of companies which all candidates can commit to 65 years old ¾ The rate of companies which all candidates can commit to aged 65 and over = 46.2% (to aged 70 = 17.1% ) ¾ The rate of persons who left their job since they didn t didn t correspond to the standard of continuous employment although they wished the continuous employment after retirement age = 2 Employment form of 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Others Part Part time time engagement employee Contract employee Temporary employee (dispatched) Part timer (temporary) Part Part timer Part Working for family business Officer Self employed worker Self Regular personnel and employee 0% Statistics Bureau Employment structure datum survey"

31 Endeavoring of preparation for working in the advanced age period Cabinet Office "survey by about the preparation to the advanced age period person at old and middle age" 2007

32 Present Endeavoring of preparation for working in the advanced age period (distinction of the income class) under1.8million yen million yen / million yen Improv com vement in mputer ope capabilit personal eration ty Reserv vation of human relation Improv and p vement of hysical str f health rength Althou work, bei gh I want, there is n ng endeav particular to set to nothing vored rly million yen over9.6million yen I do no ot want to set to work. Cabinet Office "survey by about the preparation to the advanced age period person at old and middle age"(2007)

33 General view Historical Present Thank you for your attention. E mail: taniguti@uitec.ac.jp