Formula: Cash and Short-Term Investments/Current Liabilities Desirable Trend: Flat or increasing trend line

Transcription

1 City of Boise FY2009 Update Budget Financial Trends Liquidity Ratio General Fund The liquidity ratio, also known as the "cash ratio," measures the City s ability to pay off current liabilities with cash and short-term investments. Current liabilities are the amounts the City owes that are expected to be paid off within the next twelve months, including such items as accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and amounts due to other funds. Cash is the cash the City has on hand and in checking and savings accounts. Short-term investments are certificates of deposit and securities that will mature within the next twelve months. Formula: Cash and Short-Term Investments/Current Liabilities Desirable Trend: Flat or increasing trend line The chart reflects the effect of economic cycles on the City s liquidity. Strong revenues and conservative spending in 2007 place the City in a very healthy financial position. A cash ratio less than 1.0 is generally considered a negative indicator. However, since the City s revenues are not consistent throughout the year, this ratio can vary greatly depending on the measurement date. Cash and Year Short-term Investments Current Liabilities Liquidity 1999 $ 14,977,686 $ 12,463, $ 18,624,252 $ 12,126, $ 25,511,958 $ 19,066, $ 18,353,000 $ 17,166, $ 12,283,000 $ 10,901, $ 17,510,000 $ 13,249, $ 25,327,000 $ 17,996, $ 38,827,000 $ 22,096, $ 50,030,000 $ 30,957, LIQUIDITY RATIO Liquidity Ratio Liquidity Ratio Trend Source: City of Boise CAFR s - 1 -

2 December Cash Balances General Fund General Fund Investment balances at December 31 The General Fund has adequate liquidity as of September 30, 2007, however, revenues are not even throughout the year and cash can run short. Property tax represents approximately 60% of General Fund revenues and the bulk of property tax is received in late January and July. Below is a chart of the General Fund cash and investment balances as of December 31, 2007, and the amount of fund balance reserved for cash flow. In 2003, there was a deficit of over 8 million dollars that was borrowed from other City funds. Without the cash flow reserve the deficit would have been nearly 13 million dollars. Despite the surplus, as of December 31, 2007, the General Fund borrowed more than 2 million dollars from other City funds prior to the January 25 th property tax revenue receipt. The City s goal is to maintain a cash flow reserve amounting to 8% of revenues. After the allocation of 800 thousand dollars on December 18, 2007, the reserve equated to 6% of budgeted revenues. Year Cash Surplus/ Deficit Reserve for Cash Flow Balances Without Reserve 1999 $ 5,625,988 $ 3,454,225 $ 2,171, $ 1,854,455 $ 3,454,225 $ (1,599,770) 2001 $ 176,698 $ 4,204,000 $ (4,027,302) 2002 $ 2,083,374 $ 4,426,000 $ (2,342,626) 2003 $ (8,116,434) $ 4,867,000 $ (12,983,434) 2004 $ (2,327,595) $ 5,371,000 $ (7,698,595) 2005 $ (2,751,720) $ 6,733,000 $ (9,484,720) 2006 $ 9,916,809 $ 7,895,000 $ 2,021, $ 8,653,465 $ 8,795,247 $ (141,782) December Cash Surplus/(Deficit) 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 - (5,000,000) (10,000,000) (15,000,000) Cash Surplus/ Deficit Balances Without Reserve Source: City of Boise CAFR s, FY07 EOY Report - 2 -

3 Operating Revenues to Operating Expenditures General Fund When operating revenues and operating expenditures are compared over time, the picture becomes clearer of how well the City is matching revenues to expenditures. Operating expenditures are defined as all expenditures other than operating transfers out. In this indicator, a positive trend is when operating revenues and operating expenditures move in tandem in the same direction. A negative trend occurs when the lines begin to converge or cross. The trend lines are widening slightly, which reflects the growth of revenues at a faster pace than expenditures. The City made several large land purchases in FY 2002 and FY2003 which created a negative shortterm trend. From FY 2004 to FY 2007 an economic recovery combined with department cost saving efforts has yielded the positive results. Formula: Operating Revenues; Operating Expenditures Desirable Trend: Tandem lines moving in the same direction Year Operating Revenues Operating Expenditures 1999 $ 87,496,403 $ 77,984, $ 92,671,606 $ 83,798, $ 105,461,172 $ 90,911, $ 104,165,000 $ 97,459, $ 108,041,000 $ 102,276, $ 117,149,000 $ 107,216, $ 126,865,000 $ 114,384, $ 140,957,000 $ 118,807, $ 152,429,000 $ 131,929,000 GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES vs. OPERATING EXPENDITURES Millions Revenues Expenditures Revenue Trend Expenditure Trend Source: City of Boise CAFR s - 3 -

4 Operating Surplus or Deficit to Net Operating Revenues General Fund An operating surplus occurs when revenues exceed expenditures, and an operating deficit occurs when expenditures exceed revenues. There is a positive result when an operating surplus occurs. An operating deficit is not necessarily a negative result, provided that the operating deficit was planned. Operating deficits are often planned when fund balance exists that is considered excessive and the excess amount is used to offset the cost of some programs. Formula: Operating Surplus (Deficit)/Net Operating Revenues Desirable Trend: Increasing trend line The trend line is slightly upward sloping reflecting strong surpluses over the past four years. Year Operating Revenues Surplus or (Deficit) Percent Surplus after Rebudgets and Encumbrances Percent 1999 $ 87,496,403 $ 9,512, % 4,635, % 2000 $ 92,671,606 $ 8,872, % 5,766, % 2001 $ 105,461,172 $ 14,549, % 338, % 2002 $ 104,165,000 $ 6,706, % 0.00% 2003 $ 108,041,000 $ 5,765, % 3,677, % 2004 $ 117,149,000 $ 9,933, % 2,514, % 2005 $ 126,865,000 $ 12,481, % 3,956, % 2006 $ 140,957,000 $ 22,150, % 9,592, % 2007 $ 152,429,000 $ 20,500, % 11,685, % OPERATING SURPLUS OR DEFICIT AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET OPERATING REVENUES 18.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% 10.87% 5.30% 6.22% 9.57% 13.80% 0.32% 0.00% 6.44% 5.34% 8.48% 9.84% 6.81% 3.40% 3.12% 2.15% 15.71% 7.67% 13.45% Operating Surplus Percent of Revenues Trend Surplus w/o Rebudgets & Encumbrances Trend w/o Rebudgets and Encumbrances Source: City of Boise CAFR s - 4 -

5 Net Operating Revenues vs. Operating Revenues Adjusted for Inflation General Fund The purpose of this indicator is to show the trend of net operating revenues and the effects of inflation on that trend. The City s trend shows a steady increase in actual net operating revenues, but when the effects of inflation are accounted for, the increase is less dramatic. This emphasizes the need to evaluate the City s operating revenues as adjusted for inflation when developing fees and user charges. Formula: Operating Revenues vs. Operating Revenues adjusted for inflation Desirable Trend: Increasing trend line Constant Year Actual Revenues Revenues in 1983 Dollars CPI-U 1983 $ 18,397,018 $ 18,397, $ 87,496,403 $ 52,518, $ 92,671,606 $ 53,816, $ 105,461,172 $ 59,548, $ 104,165,000 $ 57,901, $ 108,041,000 $ 58,717, $ 117,149,000 $ 62,016, $ 126,865,000 $ 64,959, $ 140,957,000 $ 69,953, $ 152,429,000 $ 73,530, GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES ACTUAL AND CONSTANT DOLLARS Millions Actual Revenues - Constant Revenues Revenue Trend Revenues - Constant (Trend) Source Data: Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics; 2007 CPI as of 01/31/

6 Rate of Change in Revenues vs. CPI General Fund The purpose of this indicator is to show the rate of change in revenues verses the rate of change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The trend shows that the City's rate of revenue growth exceeds the annual increase in CPI. This is indicative of strong overall growth in Boise. Note, however, that in 2002 the rate of revenue growth did not keep pace with overall inflation. This emphasizes the need to evaluate our operating revenues as adjusted for inflation when developing fees and user charges. Formula: Percentage Change in Revenues versus Percentage Change in CPI Desirable Trend: Increasing trend line Year Actual Revenues Percent Change Constant Revenues in 1998 Dollars % Change Constant Revenues 1998 Base CPI % Change CPI 1999 $ 87,496,403 5% $ 85,605,724 3% % 2000 $ 92,671,606 6% $ 87,720,510 2% % 2001 $ 105,461,172 14% $ 97,064,772 11% % 2002 $ 104,165,000-1% $ 94,379,628-3% % 2003 $ 108,041,000 4% $ 95,710,234 1% % 2004 $ 117,149,000 8% $ 101,086,750 6% % 2005 $ 126,865,000 8% $ 105,883,231 5% % 2006 $ 140,957,000 11% $ 114,024,769 8% % 2007 $ 152,429,000 8% $ 122,502,033 5% % GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES PERCENTAGE CHANGE 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% 14% 11% 8% 8% 8% 6% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% -1% % Change CPI Revenues % Change Trend-CPI Trend-Revenues Source: City of Boise CAFR s, Bureau of Labor Statistics - 6 -

7 City of Boise General Fund Operations Revenues Per Capita The purpose of this indicator is to measure how effectively the City is earning revenue by calculating it on a per resident basis. The City s trend in actual dollars per capita is a strong and steady increase, but in constant dollars the trend is nearly flat but slowly increasing. This is important to remember when developing the City s revenue estimates and setting the City s taxes, fees, and other revenues. Formula: Operating Revenues/Population Desirable Trend: Increasing trend line Year CPI-U Population Operating Revenues Per Capita Actual Per Capita Constant ,451 $ 18,397,018 $ 180 $ ,000 $ 87,496,403 $ 500 $ ,787 $ 92,671,606 $ 499 $ ,174 $ 105,461,172 $ 560 $ ,808 $ 104,165,000 $ 549 $ ,117 $ 108,041,000 $ 568 $ ,000 $ 117,149,000 $ 577 $ ,219 $ 126,865,000 $ 609 $ ,473 $ 140,957,000 $ 667 $ ,503 $ 152,429,000 $ 714 $ 344 GENERAL FUND NET OPERATING REVENUES PER CAPITA $700 $600 $560 $568 $609 $667 $714 $500 $500 $499 $549 $577 $400 $300 $200 $300 $290 $316 $305 $309 $305 $312 $331 $344 $100 $0 Per Capita Per Capita Constant Per Capita Trend Per Capita Constant Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007 CPI as of 1/31/2008) - 7 -

8 Net Operating Expenditures vs. Expenditures Adjusted for Inflation General Fund The purpose of this indicator is to show the trend of net operating expenditures and the effects of inflation on that trend. The trend reflects actual operating expenditures increasing; however, when the effects of inflation are accounted for, the increase is less dramatic. The increase is primarily due to the significant growth in the City and surrounding areas. Formula: Net Operating Expenditures vs. Expenditures adjusted for inflation Desirable Trend: Flat or slowly increasing trend line Operating Year Operating Expenditures Expenditures 1983 Dollars CPI-U 1983 $ 18,804,805 $ 18,804, $ 74,838,098 $ 45,912, $ 77,984,048 $ 46,809, $ 83,798,722 $ 48,663, $ 90,911,506 $ 51,333, $ 97,459,000 $ 54,173, $ 102,276,000 $ 55,584, $ 107,216,000 $ 56,758, $ 114,384,000 $ 58,568, $ 118,807,000 $ 58,961, $ 131,929,000 $ 63,641, OPERATING EXPENDITURES Millions Expenditures Trend - Expenditures Expenditures Constant Trend - Expenditures Constant Source Data: City of Boise CAFR s; Bureau of Labor Statistics - 8 -

9 City of Boise General Fund Operations Net Operating Expenditures Per Capita The purpose of this indicator is to measure how effective the City is at controlling expenditures by calculating it on a per resident basis. The trend in actual dollars per capita is a steady increase, but in constant dollars the trend is essentially flat to slowly increasing. Formula: Operating Expenditures/Population Desirable Trend: Flat or slowly increasing trend line Year CPI-U Population Operating Expenditures Population Population Constant ,451 $ 18,804,805 $ 184 $ ,000 $ 77,984,048 $ 446 $ ,787 $ 83,798,722 $ 451 $ ,174 $ 90,911,506 $ 483 $ ,808 $ 97,459,000 $ 513 $ ,117 $ 102,276,000 $ 538 $ ,000 $ 107,216,000 $ 528 $ ,219 $ 114,384,000 $ 549 $ ,473 $ 118,807,000 $ 562 $ ,503 $ 131,929,000 $ 618 $ 298 GENERAL FUND OPERATING EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA Per Capita Per Capita Constant Per Capita Trend Per Capita Trend Constant Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; Bureau of Labor Statistics - 9 -

10 Operating Revenues and Expenditures Per Capita General Fund In this exhibit, the per capita indicators for Operating Revenues and Operating Expenditures are analyzed independently. However, when compared side by side the City can measure how effectively it is earning and spending on a per resident basis. The top portion of the chart displays actual reported revenues and expenditures per capita and the bottom portion displays inflation adjusted (Constant) amounts per capita. The goal is to provide cost-effective delivery of services while generating revenue that does not have a dynamic impact on residents. The trend in actual dollars per capita is a steady increase, but in constant dollars the trend is essentially flat to slowly increasing. Note that expenditures per capita constant decreased in 2004 but increased in Formula: Net Operating Revenues/Population; Net Operating Expenditures/Population. Desirable Trend: Tandem lines moving in the same direction with no intersection. Year Population Revenues Per Capita Expenditures Per Capita Revenues Per Capita Constant Expenditures Per Capita Constant ,000 $ 500 $ 446 $ 300 $ ,787 $ 499 $ 451 $ 290 $ ,174 $ 560 $ 483 $ 316 $ ,808 $ 549 $ 513 $ 305 $ ,117 $ 568 $ 538 $ 309 $ ,000 $ 577 $ 528 $ 305 $ ,219 $ 609 $ 549 $ 312 $ ,473 $ 667 $ 562 $ 331 $ ,503 $ 714 $ 618 $ 344 $ GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA Revenues Per Capita Revenues Per Capita Constant Trend Trend Expenditures Per Capita Expenditures Per Capita Constant Trend Trend Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; Bureau of Labor Statistics

11 Property Tax Revenue as a Percentage of Total Revenue General Fund Property taxes are a major component of the City s general government operations, accounting for more than 60% of the total General Fund Revenues. Property tax revenue is calculated by taking the highest single annual budget from the prior three years increased by 3% plus the growth formula. The growth formula is calculated by multiplying annexation and new construction values by the prior year base tax rate. The growth amount is the total of the new construction value and the annexation value, multiplied by the prior year s base tax rate. An increasing trend represents an increasing dependency on property taxes to support core services. The trend line shows a moderating increase in property tax dependency. In fact the past four years have shown reductions in property tax as a percentage of total revenues. Formula: Property Tax Revenues Desirable Trend: Flat or decreasing trend line Year Property Tax Revenues Property Tax as a % of Total Revenues 1983 $ 9,516,862 52% 1999 $ 52,043,584 59% 2000 $ 55,455,361 60% 2001 $ 61,461,424 58% 2002 $ 64,089,000 62% 2003 $ 66,507,000 62% 2004 $ 71,716,000 61% 2005 $ 76,448,503 60% 2006 $ 83,631,000 59% 2007 $ 88,087,000 58% PROPERTY TAX REVENUES AS A PERCENT OF NET OPERATING REVENUES 62.0% 61.5% 61.0% 62% 62% 61% 60.5% 60.0% 60% 60% 59.5% 59.0% 58.5% 58.0% 57.5% 57.0% 59% Source: City of Boise CAFR s 59% 58% % 58% Property Tax % of Net Operating Revenues Property Tax % of Net Operating Revenues Trend

12 Elastic Operating Revenues to Net Operating Revenues General Fund This indicator measures how dependent the City s revenue stream is on elastic revenues. Elastic revenues are defined as that revenue that may be affected by demographic or economic changes in the community, and include charges for services, sales tax, donations, and investment income. A balance between elastic and inelastic revenues mitigates the effects of economic growth and decline. Insufficient elastic revenues may produce revenue shortages during periods of high inflation or rapid economic growth. Over-dependence on elastic revenues can reduce revenues during economic downturns. The trend is slightly increasing reflecting the effect of economic growth on elastic revenues over the past five years. Formula: Elastic Operating Revenues/Net Operating Revenues Desirable Trend: Flat or increasing trend line Year Net Operating Revenues Elastic Revenues % of Total Revenues 1999 $ 87,496,403 $ 21,705, % 2000 $ 92,671,606 $ 23,220, % 2001 $ 105,461,172 $ 25,573, % 2002 $ 104,165,000 $ 24,626, % 2003 $ 108,041,000 $ 26,322, % 2004 $ 117,149,000 $ 29,467, % 2005 $ 126,865,000 $ 32,770, % 2006 $ 140,957,000 $ 36,863, % 2007 $ 152,429,000 $ 39,753, % ELASTIC REVENUES AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET OPERATING REVENUES - GENERAL FUND 26.50% 26.00% 25.50% 25.00% 24.50% 24.00% 24.81% 25.06% 24.25% 26.15% 25.83% 25.15% 24.36% 26.08% 23.50% 23.64% 23.00% 22.50% 22.00% Percent of Net Operating Revenues Trend Source: City of Boise CAFR s and General Ledger

13 Fringe Benefits to Salaries and Wages General Fund Salaries and employee benefits account for more than 70% of the City s total General Fund net operating expenditures. Salaries are defined as compensation paid to full-time, part-time and seasonal employees. Fringe benefits include the employer share of social security and Medicare (FICA), retirement, health insurance (including vision and dental), disability and life insurance, and benefit buyback programs. An increasing percentage of fringe benefits to salaries is a negative trend and may reveal increases in total compensation that may not otherwise be clearly seen in negotiated labor agreements. While the overall trend is negative, fringe benefits decreased due to savings in the Health Trust of $1,370,963 in 2006 for the first time in the past five years, but increased slightly in Formula: Fringe Benefits/Total Payroll Desirable Trend: Flat or decreasing trend line Year Salaries and Wages Fringe Benefits Percent 1999 $ 41,930,477 $ 14,856, % 2000 $ 44,230,357 $ 15,410, % 2001 $ 47,758,229 $ 16,584, % 2002 $ 51,656,501 $ 19,007, % 2003 $ 53,925,838 $ 20,041, % 2004 $ 56,107,608 $ 21,548, % 2005 $ 58,937,303 $ 23,946, % 2006 $ 60,769,020 $ 23,256,919 * 27.68% 2007 $ 67,071,293 $ 25,816, % GENERAL FUND FRINGE BENEFITS AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PAYROLL 29.00% 28.89% 28.00% 27.00% 26.16% 26.90% 27.10% 27.75% 27.68% 27.79% 26.00% 25.84% 25.77% 25.00% Benefits to Total Payroll Benefits to Total Payroll Trend Source: City of Boise General Ledger *Net of Health Trust Savings of 1,370,

14 City FTEs Per Mille For purposes of this indicator, municipal employees are defined as approved, budgeted FTEs (fulltime equivalents) for each fiscal year. An increasing trend in the number of full-time employees may foretell expenditures rising faster than revenues, a government that is becoming more labor intensive, and/or a reduction in employee productivity. The trend indicates a slow increase in FTEs per mille. Note that the ratio has decreased from 7.74 in 2003 to 7.43 in The average number of employees per thousand since 1987 is Formula: Number of Municipal Employees/Population Desirable Trend: Flat Trend Line ,000 1, ,787 1, ,174 1, ,808 1, ,117 1, ,000 1, ,219 1, ,473 1, ,503 1, FTEs PER THOUSAND POPULATION Employees Per Thousand Employees Per Thousand Trend Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; City Budget Office

15 City of Boise 2007 Year End Financial Trends

16 LIQUIDITY RATIO Liquidity Ratio Liquidity Ratio Trend Source: City of Boise CAFRs

17 December Cash Surplus/(Deficit) 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 - (5,000,000) (10,000,000) (15,000,000) Cash Surplus/ Deficit Balances Without Reserve Source: City of Boise CAFR s.. FY07 EOY Report

18 GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES vs. OPERATING EXPENDITURES Millions Revenues Expenditures Revenue Trend Expenditure Trend Source: City of Boise CAFRs

19 OPERATING SURPLUS OR DEFICIT AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET OPERATING REVENUES 18.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% 15.71% 13.80% 13.45% 10.87% 8.48% 9.57% 9.84% 7.67% 6.22% 6.44% 6.81% 5.34% 5.30% 3.40% 3.12% 0.32% 0.00% 2.15% Operating Surplus Percent of Revenues Trend Surplus w/o Rebudgets & Encumbrances Trend w/o Rebudgets and Encumbrances Source: City of Boise CAFRs

20 GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES ACTUAL AND CONSTANT DOLLARS Millions Actual Revenues Revenue Trend Revenues - Constant Revenues - Constant (Trend) Source Data: Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics; 2007 CPI as of 01/31/2008

21 GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES PERCENTAGE CHANGE 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% 14% 11% 8% 8% 8% 6% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% -1% % Change CPI Revenues % Change Trend-CPI Trend-Revenues Source: City of Boise CAFRs; ; Bureau of Labor Statistics

22 GENERAL FUND NET OPERATING REVENUES PER CAPITA $700 $600 $560 $568 $609 $667 $714 $500 $500 $499 $549 $577 $400 $300 $200 $300 $290 $316 $305 $309 $305 $312 $331 $344 $100 $0 Per Capita Per Capita Constant Per Capita Trend Per Capita Constant Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007 CPI as of 1/31/2008)

23 OPERATING EXPENDITURES Millions Expenditures Trend - Expenditures Expenditures Constant Trend - Expenditures Constant Source Data: City of Boise CAFRs; ; Bureau of Labor Statistics

24 GENERAL FUND OPERATING EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA Per Capita Per Capita Trend Per Capita Constant Per Capita Trend Constant Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; Bureau of Labor Statistics

25 750 GENERAL FUND OPERATING REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA Revenues Per Capita Revenues Per Capita Constant Trend Trend Expenditures Per Capita Expenditures Per Capita Constant Trend Trend Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; Bureau of Labor Statistics

26 PROPERTY TAX REVENUES AS A PERCENT OF NET OPERATING REVENUES 62.0% 61.5% 61.0% 62% 62% 61% 60.5% 60.0% 60% 60% 59.5% 59.0% 59% 59% 59% 58.5% 58.0% 57.5% 58% 58% 57.0% 1998 Property Tax % of Net Operating Revenues Property Tax % of Net Operating Revenues Trend Source: City of Boise CAFR s

27 ELASTIC REVENUES AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET OPERATING REVENUES - GENERAL FUND 26.50% 26.00% 26.15% 26.08% 25.50% 25.00% 25.06% 25.15% 25.83% 24.50% 24.00% 24.81% 24.25% 24.36% 23.50% 23.64% 23.00% 22.50% 22.00% Percent of Net Operating Revenues Trend Source: City of Boise CAFR s and General Ledger

28 GENERAL FUND FRINGE BENEFITS AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PAYROLL 29.00% 28.89% 28.00% 27.75% 27.79% 27.00% 27.10% 27.68% 26.16% 26.90% 26.00% 25.84% 25.77% 25.00% Benefits to Total Payroll Benefits to Total Payroll Trend Source: City of Boise General Ledger

29 FTEs PER THOUSAND POPULATION Employees Per Thousand Employees Per Thousand Trend Source Data: Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho; City Budget Office