European Monetary Union
|
|
- Patrick Kelley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 European Monetary Union Chapter 20 1 Macroeconomic Performance of Europe in the 1980 s Average Annual Growth Rates, W. Europe US Japan Jobs Output Chapter 20 1
2 Comparison of U.S. and Europe U.S. no internal tariffs capital mobility one currency low benefits low regulation weak unions Europe tariffs currency controls many currencies high benefits high regulation strong unions 4 Benefits of Trade Jobs? - No Comparative Advantage Economies of Scale 5 Degrees of Monetary Integration Flexible E E varies with supply & demand Fixed E Normally central banks buy & sell currencies to stabilize E, but devaluations are possible Unified currency Only one currency, no possibility of devaluation, the next step after fixed exchange rates 6 Chapter 20 2
3 Acronyms EMS - European Monetary System Group of 8-12 countries w/ mutually fixed E. Evolved into the EMU EMU European Monetary Union Group of 12 countries with a unified currency EU - European Union Group of 15 countries w/ no tariffs or import quotas. 7 EMU - Ins & Outs 11 members initially 12 now 8 EMU - Ins & Outs 9 Chapter 20 3
4 Figure 20-1: Members of the Euro Zone January 1, Comparisons - Population 12 Chapter 20 4
5 Comparisons - GDP 13 Currency Unification Benefits Reduced risk & transactions cost 14 Currency Unification Benefits Monetary union with Germany helps reduce inflation & nominal interest rates Enhanced European role in the world monetary system. Euro replaces $ as a reserve currency 15 Chapter 20 5
6 Figure 20-2: Inflation Convergence Of Six Original EMS Members Currency Unification Costs Reduced ability to deal with regional disparities in demand What happens if Germany booms while Italy slumps 17 Figure 20-9 Divergent Inflation in the Euro Zone 18 Chapter 20 6
7 Optimum Currency Areas Region where it is best (optimal) to have a single currency. Optimality depends on degree of economic integration. The US is an optimal currency area, but economic integration in Europe is much lower 19 Comparison of EU to US Less internal trade Less labor mobility No fiscal federalism 20 California in the last recession 1993 unemployment U.S. 6.5% Cal 8.6% 35% less federal taxes - 8% more transfers for every lost dollar of income Subsidies for conversions of military bases 250,000 net out migration (compared to 200,000 per year in migration) 21 Chapter 20 7
8 Figure 20-8: Intra-EU Trade as a Percent of EU GDP 22 Comparisons - Trade 23 History of EMS EMS was started in 1979 The EMS suffered a major setback in 1992 Britain & Italy dropped out because of contractionary German monetary policy 24 Chapter 20 8
9 Chapter 20 9
10 Maastricht & the EMU The EMU would have a unified currency called the Euro A single European central bank (ECB) would be established. Established convergence criteria Established a timetable for unification Chapter 20 10
11 31 Changeover to the Euro January 1999 January 2002 July January 1999 Euro was introduced for non cash transactions Conversion rates irrevocably fixed ECB started operation 33 Chapter 20 11
12 January 1999 Foreign-exchange & money markets switched Other financial markets started switch All new debt issues in euros Individuals could open euro bank accounts 34 January 2002 Euro notes & coins brought into circulation National-currency notes & coins gradually withdrawn Euro used for salaries, social welfare services and retail transactions 35 Eight Coins 36 Chapter 20 12
13 100 Euro Note Front Reverse 37 July 2002 Transition complete for public authorities and services National-currency notes and coins no longer legal tender 38 Stumbles & Controversies Along the Way EMU faced (faces) stiff political opposition Some countries have had trouble meeting the Maastricht criteria Dispute over the name of the currency Dispute over the head of the new central bank 39 Chapter 20 13
14 40 Challenges What happens during recessions? Does the ECB abandon price stability? (Germany rebels) Does the ECB pursue a Laissez Faire Policy? (Especially hard hit countries rebel) What happens if performance does not improve? 41 Figure 20-9 Unemployment Rates in Selected EU Countries 42 Chapter 20 14
15 Figure 20-3: The Euro s Exchange Rates Against Major Currencies Chapter 20 15
Study Questions (with Answers) Lecture 17 European Monetary Unification and the Euro
Study Questions (with Answers) Page 1 of 4(5) Study Questions (with Answers) Lecture 17 pean Monetary Unification and the Part 1: Multiple Choice Select the best answer of those given. 1. The is a. The
More informationStudy Questions. Lecture 17 European Monetary Unification and the Euro
Study Questions Page 1 of 4 Study Questions Lecture 17 pean Monetary Unification and the Part 1: Multiple Choice Select the best answer of those given. 1. The is a. The common currency that the members
More informationThese questions may help you prepare for the upcoming final test at 8:00 am on Wednesday, December 17.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER 20 ECO41 FALL 2014 UDAYAN ROY These questions may help you prepare for the upcoming final test at 8:00 am on Wednesday, December 17. CHAPTER 20 Optimum Currency Areas and
More informationBarry J. Eichengreen The European economy since 1945 Coordinated capitalism and beyond CDNTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES PREFACE
Barry J. Eichengreen The European economy since 1945 Coordinated capitalism and beyond CDNTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES ix xi PREFACE xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix ONE Introduction 1 TWO Mainsprings
More informationMonetary Integration
Monetary Integration By Michael Möhnle Table of Contents 1. 6-Stages of Economic Integration 2. International Monetary Integration - Bretton Woods 3. European Monetary Integration 4. European (Economic
More informationOECD III: EMU. Gavin Cameron Lady Margaret Hall. Michaelmas Term 2004
OECD III: EMU Gavin Cameron Lady Margaret Hall Michaelmas Term 2004 the Trinity Free Capital Mobility USA, Japan ERM, NICs, EMU Independent domestic monetary policy Stable (Fixed) Exchange Rate Bretton
More informationSuggested answers to Problem Set 5
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS SPRING 2006 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY ECONOMICS 182 Suggested answers to Problem Set 5 Question 1 The United States begins at a point like 0 after 1985, where it is in
More informationLecture 6: Intermediate macroeconomics, autumn Lars Calmfors
Lecture 6: Intermediate macroeconomics, autumn 2009 Lars Calmfors 1 Topics Systems of fixed exchange rates Interest rate parity under a fixed exchange rate Stabilisation policy under a fixed exchange rate
More information3. If the price of a British pound increases from $1.50 per pound to $1.80 per pound, we say that:
STUDY GUIDE FINAL ECO41 FALL 2013 UDAYAN ROY Ch 13 National Income Accounting See the questions in Homework 7 and Homework 8. CHAPTER 14 Exchange Rates and Interest Parity 1. How many dollars would it
More informationClasses and Lectures
Classes and Lectures There are no classes in week 24, apart from the cancelled ones You ve already had 9 classes, as promised, and no doubt you re keen to revise Answers for Question Sheet 5 are on the
More informationThe current state of the Euro and its future
The current state of the Euro and its future Volker Wieland IMFS, Goethe University Frankfurt Seminar Municipal Guarantee Board, Helsinki, Finland September 12, 2013 Some of the questions raised.. Which
More informationStudy Questions. Lecture 15 International Macroeconomics
Study Questions Page 1 of 5 Study Questions Lecture 15 International Macroeconomics Part 1: Multiple Choice Select the best answer of those given. 1. If the aggregate supply and demand curves in the figure
More informationPOLI 12D: International Relations Sections 1, 6
POLI 12D: International Relations Sections 1, 6 Spring 2017 TA: Clara Suong Chapter 9 International Monetary Relations 9 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY RELATIONS Core of the Analysis National Monetary Order Fixed
More informationThe Transition to a Monetary Union
The Transition to a Monetary Union The Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1991 It is the blueprint for progress towards monetary unification in Europe It is based on two principles:
More informationFragility of Incomplete Monetary Unions
Fragility of Incomplete Monetary Unions Incomplete monetary unions Fixed exchange-rate regimes that fall short of a full monetary union but they substantially constrain the ability of the national government
More informationA macroeconomic survey of Europe
A macroeconomic survey of Europe Olivier Blanchard January 2007 Nr. 1 Four themes A broad based (both across countries, across consumption, investment and exports) expansion. Not a boom. Fundamentals in
More informationInternational Currency Experiences: National and Global Choices. International currency experiences in the 20th C. Choices for an exchange rate system
International Currency Experiences: National and Global Choices International currency experiences in the 20th C.» The Gold Standard period» The interwar 1920-1930 period» The Bretton Woods period» Post
More information: Monetary Economics and the European Union. Lecture 8. Instructor: Prof Robert Hill. The Costs and Benefits of Monetary Union II
320.326: Monetary Economics and the European Union Lecture 8 Instructor: Prof Robert Hill The Costs and Benefits of Monetary Union II De Grauwe Chapters 3, 4, 5 1 1. Countries in Trouble in the Eurozone
More informationCh. 2 International Monetary System. Motives for Int l Financial Markets. Motives for Int l Financial Markets
Ch. 2 International Monetary System Topics Motives for International Financial Markets History of FX Market Exchange Rate Systems Euro Eurocurrency Market Motives for Int l Financial Markets The markets
More informationPUBLIC FINANCE IN THE EU: FROM THE MAASTRICHT CONVERGENCE CRITERIA TO THE STABILITY AND GROWTH PACT
8 : FROM THE MAASTRICHT CONVERGENCE CRITERIA TO THE STABILITY AND GROWTH PACT Ing. Zora Komínková, CSc., National Bank of Slovakia With this contribution, we open up a series of articles on public finance
More informationStudy Questions (with Answers) Lecture 15 International Macroeconomics
Study Questions (with Answers) Page 1 of 5 Study Questions (with Answers) Lecture 15 International Macroeconomics Part 1: Multiple Choice Select the best answer of those given. 1. If the aggregate supply
More informationThe Theory of Optimum Currency Areas: A Critique
The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas: A Critique 1 Reassessment of the OCA-theory I How important are asymmetries between countries, and how do they evolve over time? II Is national monetary policy (including
More informationInternational Environment Economics for Business (IEEB)
International Environment Economics for Business (IEEB) Sergio Vergalli sergio.vergalli@unibs.it Vergalli - Lezione 1 The European Currency Crisis (1992-1993) Presented By: Garvey Ngo Nancy Ramirez Background
More informationThe role of central banks and governments in the crisis
The role of central banks and governments in the crisis 87 th Kieler Konjunkturgespräch Kiel, March 18/19 2013 Joachim Scheide, Kiel Institute for the World Economy After the synchronous downturn we now
More informationNicolaie Alexandru-Chidesciuc, CFA, PhD
, CFA, PhD Associate professor Romanian-American University Vice-president AAFBR Board member CFA Romania Bucharest, April 2011 1 Summary I. Some background II. Euro area imbalances III. Lessons IV. Conclusions
More informationEdexcel Economics AS-level
Edexcel Economics AS-level Unit 2: Macroeconomic Performance and Policy Topic 3: Aggregate Demand (AD) 3.1 Aggregate Demand (AD) Notes Aggregate demand is the total demand in the economy. It measures spending
More informationAQA Economics A-level
AQA Economics A-level Macroeconomics Topic 2: How the Macroeconomy Works, Circular Flow of Income, AD- AS Analysis and Related Concepts 2.3 The determinants of aggregate demand Notes Aggregate demand is
More informationEdexcel (B) Economics A-level
Edexcel (B) Economics A-level Theme 2: The Wider Economic Environment 2.5 The Economic Cycle 2.5.2 Circular flow of income, expenditure and output Notes The circular flow of income Firms and households
More informationLecture 7: Intermediate macroeconomics, autumn Lars Calmfors
Lecture 7: Intermediate macroeconomics, autumn 2008 Lars Calmfors 1 EMU Economic and Monetary Union An old idea in the European Union 1989: Delors report 1991: Maastricht treaty 1997: Stability pact Eleven
More information26/10/2016. The Euro. By 2016 there are 19 member countries and about 334 million people use the. Lithuania entered 1 January 2015
The Euro 1 The Economics of the Euro 2 The History and Politics of the Euro Prepared by: Fernando Quijano Dickinson State University 1of 88 In 1961 the economist Robert Mundell wrote a paper discussing
More informationPrepared by Iordanis Petsas To Accompany. by Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld
Chapter 22 Developing Countries: Growth, Crisis, and Reform Prepared by Iordanis Petsas To Accompany International Economics: Theory and Policy, Sixth Edition by Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld Chapter
More informationThe Global Economy Part I
The Global Economy Part I We have global markets which make us extremely interdependent so that what goes on in individual countries is of consequence to us all. -George Soros International Trade The flow
More informationSocial Development in Estonia: Choices
Social Development in Estonia: Choices European Economic and Social Committee The Social Situation in the Baltic States// Economic Governance, Wages and Collective Agreements Brussels, 27 November 2012
More informationThe Regional Economist. July Yes, This EMU Will F% But Will. ft Stay Aloft? by A d a m M. Zaretsky
The Regional Economist July 1998 Yes, This EMU Will F% But Will ft Stay Aloft? W by A d a m M. Zaretsky Dateline: Jan. 1, 1999. Today, 11 of the 15 European Union (EU) nations relinquished control of their
More informationUC Berkeley Fall Final examination SOLUTION SHEET
Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas Econ182 Department of Economics International Monetary Economics UC Berkeley Fall 2004 Final examination SOLUTION SHEET WRITE YOUR ANSWERS TO QUESTION 1 ON PAGES 2-5. 1. [30 points,
More informationOCR Economics A-level
OCR Economics A-level Macroeconomics Topic 4: The Global Context 4.5 Trade policies and negotiations Notes Different methods of protectionism Protectionism is the act of guarding a country s industries
More informationProblems of monetary integration with the euro area:the case of Poland
Problems of monetary integration with the euro area:the case of Poland Prof. Andrzej Kaźmierczak, PhD Warsaw School of Economics Monetary Policy Council Member 1 Contents 1. Conditions of effective functioning
More informationThe European Monetary System and the Crea;on of the Euro. Prof. George Alogoskoufis Fletcher School, TuAs University
The European Monetary System and the Crea;on of the Euro Prof. George Alogoskoufis Fletcher School, TuAs University The Crea;on of the European Monetary System (EMS) The European Monetary System (EMS)
More informationRegional Economic Integration. References Griffin and Pustay, Chapter 10; Rutledge, Chapters 2 & 4
Regional Economic Integration References Griffin and Pustay, Chapter 10; Rutledge, Chapters 2 & 4 Fundamental issues» Drivers of regional economic integration» Stages of regional economic integration»
More informationThe Euro: Future Prospects and Consideration for Non-Euro Countries
American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 3 (2): 287-292, 2011 ISSN 1945-5488 2011 Science Publications The Euro: Future Prospects and Consideration for Non-Euro Countries Farhad Ghannadian
More informationStudy Questions (with Answers) Lecture 15 International Macroeconomics
Study Questions (with Answers) Page 1 of 5 Study Questions (with Answers) Lecture 15 International Macroeconomics Part 1: Multiple Choice Select the best answer of those given. 1. If the aggregate supply
More informationOCR Economics A-level
OCR Economics A-level Macroeconomics Topic 2: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 2.2 Aggregate demand (AD) Notes Aggregate demand is the total demand in the economy. It measures spending on goods and
More informationPrepared by Iordanis Petsas To Accompany. by Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld
Chapter 18 The International Monetary System, 1870-19731973 Prepared by Iordanis Petsas To Accompany International Economics: Theory and Policy, Sixth Edition by Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld Chapter
More informationChapter 19 (8) International Monetary Systems: An Historical Overview
Chapter 19 (8) International Monetary Systems: An Historical Overview Preview Goals of macroeconomic policies internal and external balance Gold standard era 1870 1914 International monetary system during
More informationBalance of Payments Analysis (BOP)
Topic2 Balance of Payments Analysis (BOP) 1 BOP Statement A statistic measurement of all transactions between domestic and foreign residents over a specified period of time. 2 Business Transactions which
More informationFinancial Integration in the Arab Region: A Focus on Monetary Coordination and a Presentation of New Ideas and Developments by:
Financial Integration in the Arab Region: A Focus on Monetary Coordination and a Presentation of New Ideas and Developments by: Wassim Shahin, Professor of Business Economics, Lebanese American University
More information1. THE ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS
3 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 15 16 3 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 15 16 1. THE ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS 1.1. MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT According to the most recent IMF estimates, world economic activity grew by 3.1%
More informationSpeaking Points for the Gaidar Forum Economic Perspective for Europe and Russia
Speaking Points for the Gaidar Forum Economic Perspective for Europe and Russia It is my pleasure and honor to take part in this panel to discuss the economic perspectives for Europe and Russia. Given
More information3/9/2010. Topics PP542. Macroeconomic Goals (cont.) Macroeconomic Goals. Gold Standard. Macroeconomic Goals (cont.) International Monetary History
Topics PP542 International Monetary History Goals of macroeconomic policies Gold standard International monetary system during 98-939 Bretton Woods system: 944-973 Collapse of the Bretton Woods system
More informationECON EOC Practice Test: Unit Four
ECON EOC Practice Test: Unit Four 1) If the federal government spends more than it collects in revenue, then A) it is running a surplus. B) the inflation rate should decline. C) it is running a deficit.
More informationIndex* in this web service Cambridge University Press
* anticipated inflation tax, 184 asymmetries in early 1990s, 135 in EMS, 26-8 in exchange rate policies, 148-9 Austria debt of, 54t deficit of, 54t exchange rates in, 45/, 46/ band mean-reversion within,
More informationThe International Monetary System
The International Monetary System Eiteman et al., Chapter 2 Winter 2004 Outline of the Chapter Currency Terminology History of the International Monetary System Contemporary Currency Regimes Emerging Markets
More informationPrevisions Macroeconòmiques. Macroeconomic scenario for the Catalan economy 2017 and June 2017
PM Previsions Macroeconòmiques Macroeconomic scenario for the Catalan economy 2017 and 2018 June 2017 Previsions macroeconòmiques Macroeconomic scenario for the Catalan economy June 2017 ISSN: 2013-2182
More informationQUANTITATIVE EASING. 1. Point of departure 2. More on the US 3. Secular Stagnation 4. More on the Euro Area 5. Helicopter money 6.
1 Arne Jon Isachsen BI Norwegian Business School QUANTITATIVE EASING 1. Point of departure 2. More on the US 3. Secular Stagnation 4. More on the Euro Area 5. Helicopter money 6. Summing up 1. Point of
More informationChapter 4 Monetary and Fiscal. Framework
Chapter 4 Monetary and Fiscal Policies in IS-LM Framework Monetary and Fiscal Policies in IS-LM Framework 64 CHAPTER-4 MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES IN IS-LM FRAMEWORK 4.1 INTRODUCTION Since World War II,
More informationChapter 9 Essential macroeconomic tools. Baldwin&Wyplosz 2009 The Economics of European Integration, 3 rd Edition
Chapter 9 Essential macroeconomic tools 2 Background theory A quick refresher on basic macroeconomic principles Application of these principles to the question of exchange rate regimes 3 Output and prices
More informationLatvia and the Euro. Ilmārs Rimšēvičs Governor. Latvijas Banka
Latvia and the Euro Ilmārs Rimšēvičs Governor. Latvijas Banka October, 2013 Despite loud ex ante warnings of protracted recession risks under internal adjustment scenario, a strong V shaped recovery followed
More information1. The international monetary system can be defined as the institutional framework within which
Chapter 02 International Monetary System Multiple Choice Questions 1. The international monetary system can be defined as the institutional framework within which A. international payments are made. B.
More informationChapter 02 International Monetary System
Chapter 02 International Monetary System Multiple Choice Questions 1. The international monetary system can be defined as the institutional framework within which A. international payments are made. B.
More informationSpring Forecast: slowly recovering from a protracted recession
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Olli REHN Vice-President of the European Commission and member of the Commission responsible for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro Spring Forecast: slowly recovering from a
More informationM.Sc. in Economic Policy Studies
M.Sc. in Economic Policy Studies John FitzGerald, room 3012, jofitzge@tcd.ie 30/10/2015 1 Outline of lectures 5: October 30 th Exchange rates monetary policy and the real economy Exchange rates What drives
More informationRevista Economică 69:4 (2017) TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: REAL CONVERGENCE AND GROWTH IN ROMANIA. Felicia Elisabeta RUGEA 1
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: REAL CONVERGENCE AND GROWTH IN ROMANIA Felicia Elisabeta RUGEA 1 West University of Timișoara Abstract The complexity of the current global economy requires a holistic
More informationWelcome to: International Finance
Welcome to: International Finance Introduction & International Monetary System Reading: Chapter 1 (p1-3) & Chapter 2 Why is International Finance Important? ٣ Why is International Finance Important? In
More informationTHE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND POLICY Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 14 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND POLICY Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter will take you through the basics of international trade and finance. The chapter introduces
More informationThe Outlook for the European and the German Economy
The Outlook for the European and the German Economy Annual Economic Forum of the German American Chamber of Commerce Chicago January 26, 2012 Joachim Scheide, Kiel Institute for the World Economy Once
More informationWorld Economic Outlook
World Economic Outlook Marco E. Terrones Assistant to the Director Research Department, IMF May 2012 The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those
More informationDYNAMICS OF BUDGETARY REVENUE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ROMANIAN INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION - A CONSEQUENTLY OF THE TAX AND HARMONIZATION POLICY
260 Finance Challenges of the Future DYNAMICS OF BUDGETARY REVENUE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ROMANIAN INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION - A CONSEQUENTLY OF THE TAX AND HARMONIZATION POLICY Mădălin CINCĂ, PhD
More informationEurope in crisis. George Gelauff. ECU 92 Lustrum Conference Utrecht. 23 February 2012
Europe in crisis George Gelauff ECU 92 Lustrum Conference Utrecht Menu Costs and benefits of Europe Banks and governments Monetary Union and debts Germany Conclusion 2 Europe in crisis Europe largest export
More informationThe Employment and Social Situation in the EU
The Employment and Social Situation in the EU Oslo, 8 April 2013 László ANDOR EU Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Unemployment rates in Europe and the US EU Euro area US Source:
More informationEuropean Monetary Unification: Contents 1
by S. E. G. Lolos Department of Economic and Regional Development Panteion University Contents 1 Introduction... 1 1. The background of EMU... 2 2. The Rationale for Monetary Union... 4 3. Possible Consequences
More information2. In terms of dollar volume of exports and imports, the most important trading partner for the United States is:
1. In the U.S. economy, all are generally accepted economic functions of government except: A) The provision of public goods B) The production and distribution of consumer goods C) Pursuing policies that
More informationUnit 4 Study Guide: Macroeconomics & International Economics
Name: Unit 4 Study Guide: Macroeconomics & International Economics Standards: SSEMA2 Explain the role and functions of the Federal Reserve System. b. Describe the organization of the Federal Reserve System
More informationUK membership of the single currency
UK membership of the single currency An assessment of the five economic tests June 2003 Cm 5776 Government policy on EMU GOVERNMENT POLICY ON EMU AND THE FIVE ECONOMIC TESTS Government policy on EMU was
More informationGlobal MT outlook: Will the crisis in emerging markets derail the recovery?
Global MT outlook: Will the crisis in emerging markets derail the recovery? John Walker Chairman and Chief Economist jwalker@oxfordeconomics.com March 2014 Oxford Economics Oxford Economics is one of the
More informationSpain: Navigating the Storm. María J. Nieto 1
Spain: Navigating the Storm María J. Nieto 1 1. Introduction The history of the Spanish economy in the second half of the 20th century shows the advantages of internationalization in terms of wealth creation.
More informationDivergence and Adjustment in the Euro Area
MINISTÉRIO DAS FINANÇAS Divergence and Adjustment in the Euro Area Vítor Gaspar Frankfurt June 15, 2012 MINISTÉRIO DAS FINANÇAS 1 Outline 1. Credit Boom 2. Eliminating excessive debt 3. Challenges ahead
More informationModelling the sovereign debt crisis in Europe
Modelling the sovereign debt crisis in Europe National Institute Global Econometric Model Dawn Holland October 211 Project LINK Meeting on the World Economy National Institute of Economic and Social Research
More informationTeetering on the brink: is the world heading for another financial crisis?
Teetering on the brink: is the world heading for another financial crisis? Adrian Cooper CEO & Chief Economist acooper@oxfordeconomics.com Peter Suomi Director petersuomi@oxfordeconomics.com October 2011
More informationThree-speed recovery. GDP growth. Percent Emerging and developing economies. World
Three-speed recovery GDP growth Percent 1 8 6 4 2-2 -4-6 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215 Source: IMF WEO; Milken Institute. Emerging and developing economies Advanced economies World Output is still below
More informationGeneral Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2010
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2010 Economics ECON4 Unit 4 The National and International Economy Tuesday 2 February 2010 1.30 pm to 3.30 pm For this paper you must
More informationDEFICITS AND DEBT Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 16 DEFICITS AND DEBT Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter expands on the material from Chapter 10, from a less theoretical and more applied perspective. It
More informationMACROECONOMIC AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE CZECH ECONOMY DURING
MACROECONOMIC AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE CZECH ECONOMY DURING 2009-2013 Vendula Hynková Abstract The aim of paper is to analyse using tools of monetary, fiscal and defence policy of the Czech Republic so
More informationDEFICITS AND DEBT Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 16 DEFICITS AND DEBT Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter expands on the material from Chapter 10, from a less theoretical and more applied perspective. It
More informationMacroeconomic policies in an open economy
Macroeconomic policies in an open economy We have seen that monetary and fiscal policies affect the interest rate (i) in the short run: expansionary MP reduce i and viceversa, while expansionary fiscal
More informationThe German Economy Impact of Stimulus Programmes on Construction. Timo Klein Senior Economist 6 October 2009
The German Economy Impact of Stimulus Programmes on Construction Timo Klein Senior Economist 6 October 2009 The Sheer Magnitude: Peak-to-Trough Real GDP Declines During Past Recessions (Percent change,
More informationEdexcel (B) Economics A-level
Edexcel (B) Economics A-level Theme 3: The Global Economy 3.1 Globalisation 3.1.5 Exchange rate changes Notes Impact of changes in exchange rates and the possible effects on: A reduction in the exchange
More informationChapter 14: Essential facts of monetary integration
Chapter 14: Essential facts of monetary integration It was the 1992 EMS crisis that provided the immediate impetus for monetary unification. Barry Eichengreen (2002) Prehistory: before paper money Until
More informationThe Brussels Economic Forum
The Brussels Economic Forum What kind of policies should the new Member States apply to optimise their speed of convergence? Banco de Portugal VÍTOR CONSTÂNCIO Brussels, 23d of April 24 I. INTRODUCTION
More informationBriefing 26 Second revision
Task Force on Economic and Monetary Union Briefing 26 Second revision Briefing prepared by the Directorate-General for Research Economic Affairs Division The opinions expressed are those of the author
More informationQUARTERLY REPORT FOURTH QUARTER 1998
MAIN FEATURES The EU currencies appreciated by 5% against the US dollar but fell by 10.5% against the Japanese yen. These currency movements contributed to a small gain (about 1%) in the Union s average
More informationGERMANY AND THE EUROZONE OUTLOOK: Improvements for the Medium Term Little Immediate Help
GERMANY AND THE EUROZONE OUTLOOK: Improvements for the Medium Term Little Immediate Help Adam S. Posen September 9, 23 Recovery is coming to the eurozone, but Germany will be a laggard and a drag ECB is
More informationComment on David Vines Fiscal Policy in the Eurozone after the Crisis
Comment on David Vines Fiscal Policy in the Eurozone after the Crisis Masahiro Kawai, ADBI Macro Economy Research Conference Fiscal Policy in the Post-Crisis World Nomura Foundation for Global Studies
More informationErnst Welteke: The introduction of the euro as a historic event
Ernst Welteke: The introduction of the euro as a historic event Speech by Mr Ernst Welteke, President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, at the European American Business Council, Washington, 19 November 2001.
More information10: The European Monetary Union. Baldwin&Wyplosz The Economics of European Integration
10: The European Monetary Union The importance of credibility The theory OCA leaves out the issue of credibility in the conduct of monetary policy. Inflation depends on the expectations of economic agents
More informationSouth Region Committee Brexit and the Associated Challenges
South Region Committee Brexit and the Associated Challenges event in Tralee with Jim Power Tralee, 17 October 2017 Brexit and the Associated Challenges The Institute of Banking, Tralee October 17 th 2017
More informationECFIN/C-1 Fourth quarter 2000
ECFIN/C-1 Fourth quarter 2000 ECFIN/44/4/00-EN This document exists in English only. European Communities, 2001. MAIN FEATURES During the fourth quarter of 2000, the euro appreciated against the US dollar,
More informationCommercial Cards & Payments Leo Abruzzese October 2015 New York
US, China and emerging markets: What s next for the global economy? Commercial Cards & Payments Leo Abruzzese October 2015 New York Overview Key points for 2015-16 Global economy struggling to gain traction
More informationInternational Economics: the Exchange Rate
Paolo Sospiro Dipartimento degli Studi sullo Sviluppo Economico Facoltà di Scienze Politiche Università di Macerata paolo.sospiro@unimc.it International Economics: the Exchange Rate Macerata 16 November
More informationFAQ: Forces in the Global Market
Question 1: How did the European Union evolve, and how is it evolving now? Answer 1: The evolution of trade agreements within Europe, commencing with the Treaty of Rome, was a methodical process encompassing
More informationBOP Problems and Marshall Lerner condition and J-curve
BOP Problems and Marshall Lerner condition and J-curve Section 4.7 of Matt McGee s Economics In Terms of the Good, the Bad and the Economist Chapter 27, Blink and Dorton s IB Course Companion: Economics
More information