Coping with Trade Reforms: A Developing Country Perspective of the On-going WTO Doha Round of Negotiations
|
|
- Nelson Hodges
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 United Nations Conference of Trade and Development Coping with Trade Reforms: A Developing Country Perspective of the On-going WTO Doha Round of Negotiations United Nations New York, 8 July 2008 Santiago Fernández de Córdoba Economist UNCTAD
2 Content Introduction to WTO Doha Round Trade, development and poverty Market access impacts Gains and Risks Coping with trade related adjustment costs Conclusions
3 WTO Doha Round All the deadlines have been missed In Doha, November 2001, members agreed to launch negotiations (4th MC) In Cancún, September 2003, members disagreed on everything (5th MC) Some progress on July 2004 ( July package ) The original 1st January 2005 deadline to conclude the Round was missed In Hong Kong, December 2005, some progress (6th MC) However, the negotiations were suspended in July 2006 The next deadline December 2006 was again missed Negotiations re-launched in 2007, with a focus on achieving a breakthrough soon We are in April 2008 and all the deadlines have been missed. Will there be a collapse of the Doha round? ???
4 Will there be a collapse of the Round? Negotiations have resumed, but none of the counterparts have changed their position New February 2008 negotiating texts: surprise no numbers! Reasons for the impasse: - US refuses to accept deeper reductions in agricultural subsidies - EU refuses to accept deeper reductions in agricultural tariffs - Developing countries refuse to accept deeper reduction in industrial tariffs Risks if the negotiations fail: - Main losers: developing countries - Risks: increase in FTA s What is behind? - US Presidential election New wave of protectionism in Washington - EU CAP reform (2003 to be implement by 2012) - Global economic downturn - Surge of commodities prices Is there political will to conclude the negotiations? Are we back at the beginning?
5 WTO Doha Round The Mandates Agriculture: - Market access: substantial reductions - Exports subsidies: HK Ministerial agreed to eliminate them by a date to be negotiated - Domestic support: substantial reductions for supports that distort trade Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA): - Reduce or eliminate tariffs, including tariff peaks, high tariffs, tariff escalation, non tariff barriers, especially on products of export interest to developing countries. Implementation-related issues Services - Uruguay Round s built-in agenda Singapore Issues: Competition Policy, Investment, Government Procurement and Trade Facilitation, (two out, two in!) Aid for Trade - Less than full reciprocity - Single undertaking - No overall target
6 Gains and Risks (summary of the conclusions book) More ambitious approaches show greater gains but greater challenges Potential gains developing countries: - Welfare +$65 to +$135bn - Exports +5 to +16% BUT Gains and losses not evenly spread across countries, sectors (winners and losers) Output, employment, government revenue losses up to 50% This raises several issues: What is the impact on development, industrialization? What is the future of preferences? Do estimated effects measure up to Doha promises? How would developing countries cope with challenges?
7 Content Introduction to WTO Doha round of trade negotiations Trade, development and poverty Market access Gains and Risks Coping with trade related adjustment costs Conclusions
8 Trade is not the Goal, but a Development Tool! Recent economic history proves that countries with less barriers to international trade experience faster economic progress Dani Rodrik Policies oriented towards international trade are among the most important factors that promote economic growth and convergence of developing countries Jeffrey Sachs Trade reform isn't about charity, it's about justice, and (it) is an unstoppable idea. Bono, U2
9 Trade liberalization Trade liberalization increases efficiency and economic growth: Better allocation of resources Allows for capital accumulation Stronger competition Investment friendly setting` Trade and development are connected through trade policy Market liberalization Capital Flows Domestic policies should be coordinated with trade policies through: Macroeconomic stability Appropriate institutional reforms Social, development and employment policies Economic development Generally, gains are to be made in the medium/long run Gains of trade are spread fairly evenly around the economy; the costs, however, tend to show up more on a few sectors
10 What do we know about trade liberalization and poverty reduction? The link between trade liberalization and economic growth is an empirical Trade liberalization is not sufficient to reduce poverty but is almost certainly necessary Economic growth reduces absolute poverty, but it can increase inequality (especially in low income countries) Developing countries own liberalization should be supplemented with complementary policies to stimulate adjustment and flexibility
11 Trade liberalization and poverty: some evidence Chile Liberalized trade regime unilaterally Economic growth of 7% per year ( ) Poverty declined by more than 50% between 1987 and 1998 China Trade to GDP grew from 11% in 1978 to 50% in 2000 Economic growth of 10% per year in last 25 years Poverty declined from 30% (1978) to 15% (1998) India Trade to GDP grew from 10% in 1980 to 25% in 2000 Economic growth of 6% per year ( ) Poverty declined from 45% (1980) to 26% (2000) Bangladesh Trade to GDP grew from 17% in 1990 to 30% in 2000 Economic growth of 4.8% per year ( ) Poverty declined from 59% in (1974) to 50% (2000)
12 Content Introduction to WTO Doha round of trade negotiations Trade, development and poverty Market access impacts Gains and Risks Coping with trade related adjustment costs Conclusions
13 WTO Doha Ministerial Declaration - NAMA Negotiations to reduce/eliminate tariffs, including tariff peaks, high tariffs, tariff escalation and non tariff barriers, especially on products of export interest to developing countries. No a priori exclusions Take into account the special needs and interests of developing countries, including through less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments.
14 Developing Countries and LDCs have faced higher tariff rates MFN Average Applied Tariff Rates by Country Grouping Exporter Developed Country Developing Country LDC Developed country Importer Developing country LDC Source: UNCTAD Computations WITS/TRAINS Database
15 Developing Countries have been lowering their tariff MFN Applied Rates on Industrial Good Bangladesh Brazil Developing countries have carried out autonomous liberalization % India Malawi Philippines Developing Countries Source: WITS/TRAINS
16 Tariff escalation remains an issue for developing countries Tariff Escalation Trade Weighted Averages % Developed Developing LDC Primary Intermediate Final 12 Source: UNCTAD Computations WITS/TRAINS Database
17 Tariff peaks on products of export interest to developing countries Number of Tariff Peaks Among Selected Developed Countries Leather Footwear Fish and Seafood Preparations Textiles Apparel, knit Apparel, not knit Tariff peaks: Three times the national average Number of Tariff Peaks USA Japan EU Source: UNCTAD Computations WITS/TRAINS Database
18 Key issues in the NAMA negotiations Formula Tariffs and development strategies Sectoral Elimination Less than Full Reciprocity, Special and Differential Treatment What is negotiated? Sensitive Products Issues for Developing Countries Preference Erosion Loss of Tariff Revenue Tariff Binding Tariffs and binding coverage Credit for Autonomous Liberalization Bias in protection against developing countries
19 Swiss Formula T 1 = (a x T 0 ) (a + T 0 ) Final Tariff (%) Initial Tariff (%)
20 WTO- ABI Formula t 1 = ( B ta ) t0 ( B ta ) + t0 WTO Proposal (B=1) F in a l T a riff (% ) % Base Average 16 % Base Average 8% Base Average 4% Base Average Initial Tariff (%) Weighted Averages, t a Ecuador 18% Egypt 24% Pakistan 10%
21 Proposals reduce developing countries tariffs considerably Initial tariff: 3.4% Weighted Averages (%) Initial tariff: 12.5% Developed countries Developing countries Swiss WTO 0 Swiss WTO Ambitious Moderate Flexible (1) India, China and Brazil
22 Content Introduction to WTO Doha round of trade negotiations Trade, development and poverty Market access impacts Gains and Risks Coping with trade related adjustment costs Conclusions
23 Gains from Doha: Increase Welfare and Exports Free Trade: $ 135 B Developing Countries Free Trade: 15.9% Sum of Additional Welfare in $B Swiss WTO Percentage Increase of Exports Swiss WTO Ambitious Moderate Flexible These long term gains can only be realized by mitigating against the short-term risks
24 Risks: Employment losses in certain sectors Percent Changes in Labor Usage Relate to Base, by Sector Swiss Formula, Ambitious Scenario Machinery a Equipment Non Ferrous Metals Other Manufacturin Motor Vehicles Electronics China Asia India Rest of South Asia South East Asia Brazil Central America a Caribbean Americas Andean Pact Argentina, Chile Uruguay Middle East and Africa and North Africa Middle Eas Sub Saharan Africa
25 Risks: Tariff revenue losses 10 % Change in Tariff Revenue Relative to Base for Developing Countries Base Revenues: $156 b 0 Swiss WTO -10 % Ambitious Moderate Flexible
26 Content Introduction to WTO Doha round of trade negotiations Trade, development and poverty Market access impacts Gains and Risks Coping with trade related adjustment costs Conclusions
27 Coping with what? Trade liberalization involves some risks: Sectoral unemployment Reduction in tariff revenue Import liberalization precedes supply side response Adjustment costs: Short term costs related to the reallocation of labor and capital between sectors after the process of trade liberalization Private sector: unemployment, re-training costs, obsolete capital, transition costs Public sector: loss of tax revenue, efforts to maintain macro stability, implementation of reforms, programs to increase competitiveness
28 Experience of adjustment to trade reforms Eight case studies in the book: Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, India, Jamaica, Malawi, Philippines, Zambia Context difficult to isolate effects of trade reforms Broad-based WB/IMF programmes include macro policies Regional trade agreements 4-fold increase since 1990 Many negative cases job losses, reduced growth, social problems Import liberalisation precedes generation of supply response Growth does not always lead to better income distribution Significance of large diversified economies FDI ahead of trade liberalisation seems to facilitate reform, create jobs Preference erosion important for small countries Importance of coutry ownership of reform process
29 Policies to cope with adjustment Phase-in policy changes Labor and capital have more time to adjust Time to implement tax reforms to make up revenue losses Paying compensation to potential losers Social policies and safety nets: Unemployment benefits Retraining Pension portability Long-term policies: Education Health Physical infrastructure, especially transport
30 Key policies to generate a positive response Macro-economic stability (but don t squash growth!) Good governance can help promote FDI Political stability, functioning institutions, legal framework Competitive real effective exchange rate Functioning capital markets Tax reforms to complement trade reforms Expenditure on infrastructure Labour market reforms Developing a supply response External financial support (Aid for Trade)
31 Content Introduction to WTO Doha round of trade negotiations Trade, development and poverty Market access impacts Gains and Risks Coping with trade related adjustment costs Conclusions
32 Conclusions Potentially important gains but some serious adjustment issues Need for solution to adjustment costs BEFORE conclusion of current WTO negotiations Special and differential treatment and non-full reciprocity are crucial Extended implementation for developing countries Make haste slowly Foreign aid to build supply side, not on implementation of WTO rules BUT What are development priorities? What contributes most to development? AID for TRADE Gains will only be possible through a development-centred agreement with policies to reduce the adjustment costs
33 United Nations Conference of Trade and Development Santiago Fernandez de Cordoba
Trade and Development and NAMA
United Nations Conference of Trade and Development Trade and Development and NAMA International Trade and the Doha Round New York, December 2007 Santiago Fernández de Córdoba Economist UNCTAD Content Part
More informationNon Agricultural Market Access (NAMA)
Non Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) 1 Doha Mandate Article 16. We agree to negotiations which shall aim, by modalities, to be agreed, to reduce or as appropriate eliminate tariffs, including the reduction
More informationNon-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA)
Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) Prepared by Wenguo Cai The Conference Board of Canada Jakarta, Indonesia September 9-10, 2015 1 Presentation Outline History of GATT and NAMA DDA NAMA negotiations
More informationThe European Union Trade Policy
The European Union Trade Policy Content 1. The EU in world trade 2. EU trade policy Basic features 3. EU trade policy How it works 4. EU trade policy Competing in the world 5. A renewed strategy for Europe
More informationNOW WHAT? SEARCHING FOR A SOLUTION TO THE WTO INDUSTRIAL TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 NOW WHAT? SEARCHING FOR A SOLUTION TO THE WTO INDUSTRIAL TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS Santiago Fernandez de Cordoba David Vanzetti The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily
More informationPakistan s position on July Framework Issues: 1.1 Agriculture
Pakistan s position on July Framework Issues: 1.1 Agriculture As far as negotiations on agriculture are concerned, market access to highly protected markets of the EU and huge subsidies provided by the
More informationMarket Access for Nonagricultural Products: In Search of a Formula
Market Access for Nonagricultural Products: In Search of a Formula 11 Will Martin and Maros Ivanic Developing countries exports of nonagricultural products have risen rapidly in recent years, with manufactures
More informationTrade, Development & the WTO
Trade, Development & the WTO Regional Workshop on Trade-led Development in the Multilateral Trading System Colombo, Sri Lanka, 26-28 October 2016 Shishir Priyadarshi Director, Development Division WTO
More informationFinding NAMA: How to navigate market access negotiations
Finding NAMA: How to navigate market access negotiations Excerpted from SailingClosetotheWind: NavigatingtheHongKongWTOMinisterial a publication of the institute for agriculture and trade policy iatp.org
More informationICRIER, NEW DELHI PROFESSOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE.
WTO NAMA NEGOTIATIONS : PRESENT STATE OF PLAY 24.6.2009 ICRIER, NEW DELHI RAJAN SUDESH RATNA PROFESSOR CENTREFOR WTO STUDIES INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE rsratna@nic.in rsratna@iift.ac.inac in Structure
More informationWTO TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON NON-AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS AND THE ACP COUNTRIES
WTO TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON NON-AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS AND THE ACP COUNTRIES By A. LIONTAS Commissioned by FRIEDRICH EBERT STIFTUNG Geneva Office For ACP Geneva Office GENEVA, November 2003 2 CONTENTS
More informationNAMA Negotiations. Edwini Kessie Council and Trade Negotiations Committee Division
NAMA Negotiations Edwini Kessie edwini.kessie@wto.org Council and Trade Negotiations Committee Division The Mandate Paragraph 16 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1): - Reduce or as appropriate
More informationWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION TN/MA/W/35 16 May 2003 (03-2639) Negotiating Group on Market Access A. INTRODUCTION DRAFT ELEMENTS OF MODALITIES FOR NEGOTIATIONS ON NON-AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1. In adopting on
More informationTRADE POLICY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MEETING
TRADE POLICY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MEETING Geneva, 6 -- 8 October 15 THE TRADE SLOWDOWN, TRADE DISTORTIONS, AND THE TPP Implications for Developing Countries Session-4 M r. Simon EVENETT Academic
More informationThe Doha Development Agenda Round.
The Doha Development Agenda Round. What has happened so far, where we are now and what s ahead Giovanni Anania Department of Economics and Statistics University of Calabria, Italy 1 the negotiations on
More informationAnwarul Hoda ICRIER April, 2015 Beijing, China
Anwarul Hoda ICRIER 10-11 April, 2015 Beijing, China 1 Swiss formula to be applied on the basis of comprehensive product coverage with lower coefficient for developed and a range of coefficients for developing
More informationEcon 340. The Issues. The Washington Consensus. Outline: International Policies for Economic Development: Trade
Econ 340 Lecture 19 International Policies for 2 3 The Issues The Two Main Issues: Should developing countries be open to international trade? Should developing countries be open to international capital
More informationTrade trends and trade policy developments. Ian Ascough Head of Bilateral Trade Negotiations BIS/DfID Trade Policy Unit
Trade trends and trade policy developments Ian Ascough Head of Bilateral Trade Negotiations BIS/DfID Trade Policy Unit The big picture UK earnings from exports of goods exceeded earnings from exports of
More informationImpacts on Global Trade and Income of Current Trade Disputes
Public Disclosure Authorized July 2018 Number 2 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Impacts on Global Trade and Income of Current Trade Disputes Caroline
More informationMarket Access Proposals for Non-Agricultural Products. Sam Laird, Santiago Fernandez de Cordoba and David Vanzetti 1
Market Access Proposals for Non-Agricultural Products Sam Laird, Santiago Fernandez de Cordoba and David Vanzetti 1 Abstract Various proposals in the WTO non-agricultural market access negotiations are
More informationElephants in a bazaar?
Elephants in a bazaar? The TTIP and TPP effects on developing countries and the multilateral trade system Max Mendez-Parra, International Economic Development Group, ODI @m_mendezparra Why Mega-regionals?
More informationWTO NAMA negotiations & the global textiles & clothing trade: Reconciling the irreconcilable amid the financial meltdown
Bond University From the SelectedWorks of Umair H. Ghori June 11, 2009 WTO NAMA negotiations & the global textiles & clothing trade: Reconciling the irreconcilable amid the financial meltdown Umair H Ghori,
More informationPresented by S K Mohanty, Fellow, RIS
Economics of an East Asian FTA Presented by S K Mohanty, Fellow, RIS 1 Structure of Presentation Sustainability of the Asian Eco. Community East Asia FTA emerging as a Mega RTA Changing structure of regional
More informationThe WTO and the Doha Development Round. Erik van der Marel Groupe d Economie Mondiale European Centre for International Political Economy
The WTO and the Doha Development Round Erik van der Marel Groupe d Economie Mondiale European Centre for International Political Economy History 19 th century marked by Pax Britannica Unilateral liberalisation
More informationWill Martin and Aaditya Mattoo* 8 November 2011 *This presentation reflects the views of the authors only and not necessarily those of the World Bank.
Will Martin and Aaditya Mattoo* 8 November 2011 *This presentation reflects the views of the authors only and not necessarily those of the World Bank. it is clear that we will not complete the DDA if we
More informationWTO and the Multilateral Trade System: The Fate of Doha, the Agenda for the Bali Ministerial and Beyond
WTO and the Multilateral Trade System: The Fate of Doha, the Agenda for the Bali Ministerial and Beyond A Presentation by S. Narayanan 1 February 2013 7 Assurances to Developing Countries at Doha Developing
More informationANNEX ONE SINGAPORE 1. INTRODUCTION
ANNEX ONE SINGAPORE 1. INTRODUCTION As described in section 2 of the position paper, following the pause in negotiations of the regional ASEAN-EU FTA in March 2009, the Council in December 2009 gave the
More informationImproving market access for agricultural. other preferential treatments
WTO/ESCAP/UPSE Regional Seminar on Trade in Agriculture And Agriculture Negotiations 16-18 October 2012 Quezon City, Philippines Improving market access for agricultural products: RTAs and other preferential
More informationSession 5: In search of the meaningful market access what are the policy options for LDCs
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND LEVERAGING TRADE AS A MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE 2030 AGENDA Session 5: In search of the meaningful market access what are the policy options for
More informationWhy and What S & D Treatment for LDCs in the WTO?
Why and What S & D Treatment for LDCs in the WTO? Presentation by Fahmida Khatun, PhD Research Director Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), Bangladesh 25 September 2013: Dakar, Senegal CENTRE FOR POLICY
More informationWTO: Some Tough Questions for the G20
WTO: Some Tough Questions for the G20 Aileen Kwa and Jacques-chai Chomthongd, Focus on the Global South September 8, 2005 Ministers of the G20[1] are gathering in Pakistan for what is likely to be a critical
More informationThe Evolving Role of Trade in Asia: Opening a New Chapter. Fall 2018 REO Background Paper
The Evolving Role of Trade in Asia: Opening a New Chapter Fall 2018 REO Background Paper Outline Trade Tensions and Spillovers: Spotlight on Asia Gains from Liberalization 2 Trade tensions have escalated.
More informationAppendix A Specification of the Global Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model
Appendix A Specification of the Global Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model The model is an extension of the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models used in China WTO accession studies
More informationPresentation by Economy Under Review - Chile
2008/SOM3/013anx3 Agenda Item: IV Presentation by Economy Under Review - Chile Purpose: Consideration Submitted by: APEC Secretariat Third Senior Officials Meeting Lima, Peru 22-23 August 2008 CHILE IAP
More informationCOMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON THE FUTURE OF THE EU-US TRADE RELATIONS. Accompanying the document
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Strasbourg, 12.3.2013 SWD(2013) 69 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON THE FUTURE OF THE EU-US TRADE RELATIONS Accompanying the document
More informationMULTILATERALISM AND REGIONALISM: THE NEW INTERFACE
UNCTAD/DITC/TNCD/2004/7 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT Geneva MULTILATERALISM AND REGIONALISM: THE NEW INTERFACE Chapter III: Comments on Dynamism in the Interface of Multilateral Trading
More informationCan Regionalism Work? Caroline Freund
Can Regionalism Work? Caroline Freund Number of PTAs Evolution of PTAs Why Do Countries Impose Trade Barriers? Economists agree free trade is best. Why have trade barriers? To raise revenue. To protect
More informationEconomic Impact of Canada s Participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
Economic Impact of Canada s Participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Office of the Chief Economist, Global Affairs Canada February 16, 2018 1. Introduction
More informationMultilateralism, Regionalism and Developing Countries: Some Issues and Challenges. Nagesh Kumar
Multilateralism, Regionalism and Developing Countries: Some Issues and Challenges Nagesh Kumar Trade, multilateralism and development Role of trade in improving efficiency trade can be an engine of growth
More informationTrade and Development Studies Centre (TRADES)
Trade and Development Studies Centre (TRADES) Statement on the WTO DOHA Ministerial Declaration Analysis by Dr. Medicine Masiiwa Trades Centre & Institute for Development Studies, University of Zimbabwe
More informationGeneral Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2010
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2010 Economics ECON4 Unit 4 The National and International Economy Tuesday 2 February 2010 1.30 pm to 3.30 pm For this paper you must
More informationResults of the Special Agricultural Frameworks Survey (GTOP)
Results of the Special Agricultural Frameworks Survey (GTOP) Opinion survey undertaken as part of the research project into the viability of alternative frameworks for agricultural trade negotiations funded
More informationASIA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: THREE POLICY CHALLENGES
ASIA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: THREE POLICY CHALLENGES Razeen Sally EFN ASIA CONFERENCE 2012 Hong Kong, 7 th November 2112 ASIA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY Setting the scene - Shift to the East, accelerated by the
More information5688/13 JPS/io 1 DGB 1 B?? EN
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 25 January 2013 5688/13 AGRI 38 WTO 23 COVER NOTE from: to: Subject: General Secretariat Council EU-Canada Free Trade Agreement negotiations WTO negotiations = information
More informationASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6: Which Way Forward?
ASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6: Which Way Forward? Masahiro Kawai Dean, ADBI Ganeshan Wignaraja Senior Economist, ADB Ten Years After the Crisis: Evolving East Asian Financial System and Challenges 12 June 2007 Tokyo,
More informationBilateral Agreements in EU trade policy
SPEECH/06/574 Peter Mandelson EU Trade Commissioner Bilateral Agreements in EU trade policy London School of Economics London, 9 October 2006 at 20h00 CET In this speech at the London School of Economics
More informationLDC Positions in the World Trade Organisation-AoA
LDC Positions in the World Trade Organisation-AoA Introduction Agriculture in Africa and LDCs is not just a business issue. It iit is difficult to overemphasize the importance of agriculture and the trade
More informationThe World Bank and Trade: Looking Ahead Ten Years
Economic and Political Development Concentration School of International and Public Affairs Study Center Columbia University Program in International Finance and Economic Policy School of International
More informationGATT Council's Evaluation
CENTRE WILLIAM-RAPPARD, RUE DE LAUSANNE 154, 1211 GENÈVE 21, TÉL. 022 739 5111 GATT/1611 27 January 1994 TRADE POLICY REVIEW OF TURKEY ' 20-21 JANUARY 1994 GATT Council's Evaluation The GATT Council conducted
More informationWTO NON-AGRICULTURE MARKETACCESS MODALITIES A CASE STUDY OF IMPACT ON A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
WTO NON-AGRICULTURE MARKETACCESS MODALITIES A CASE STUDY OF IMPACT ON A DEVELOPING COUNTRY Rajesh Mehta Pooja Agarwal RIS-DP # 59/2003 September 2003 RESEARCH AND INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE NON-ALIGNED
More informationHow to Free Trade: The Doha Round
How to Free Trade: The Doha Round AED/IS 4540 International Commerce And the World Economy Professor Sheldon sheldon.1@osu.edu The Doha Round Doha Round began in November 2001 in Doha, Qatar First round
More informationTHE NAM POSITION ON THE DOHA ROUND
THE NAM POSITION ON THE DOHA ROUND The World Trade Organization (WTO) is holding multilateral trade negotiations among its roughly 150 member countries to liberalize world trade and generate new trade
More informationNATIONAL FOREIGN TRADE COUNCIL, INC.
NATIONAL FOREIGN TRADE COUNCIL, INC. 1625 K STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-1604 TEL: (202) 887-0278 FAX: (202) 452-8160 March 2001 Proposal for the Elimination of Industrial Tariffs Executive Summary
More informationReforming the WTO. Why was GATT successful?
* Core role of GATT to facilitate negotiation of reciprocal reductions in tariffs, i.e., public good based on MFN clause and requirement of reciprocity GATT also had limited powers of rule promulgation
More information1of 23. Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives 1. Describe the various situations in which a country may rationally choose to protect some industries. 2. List the most common fallacious arguments in favour of protection. 3. Explain
More informationThe World Trade Organization: The Non- Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) Negotiations
The World Trade Organization: The Non- Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) Negotiations Ian F. Fergusson Specialist in International Trade and Finance January 11, 2011 Congressional Research Service CRS
More informationDraft Cancun Ministerial Text
Draft Cancun Ministerial Text General Council chairperson Carlos Pérez del Castillo and Director-General Supachai Panitchpakdi submitted their draft Cancún Ministerial Declaration to ministers on 31 August
More informationReviewing the Importance. for Indonesia
Review of Indonesian Economic Policies Reviewing the Importance of Free Trade Agreements for Indonesia Yose Rizal Damuri This policy brief is the result of an activity entitled Economic Policymaking in
More informationEffective Economic Growth for People: The Role of the United States 1
Effective Economic Growth for People: The Role of the United States 1 William R. Cline Center for Global Development and Institute for International Economics December, 2004 It is a pleasure to speak once
More informationWORLD TRADE WT/MIN(98)/ST/96 20 May 1998 ORGANIZATION
WORLD TRADE WT/MIN(98)/ST/96 20 May 1998 ORGANIZATION (98-2118) MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE Second Session Geneva, 18 and 20 May 1998 Original: English TANZANIA Statement Circulated by Hon. K.A. Mussa, Minister
More information( ) Page: 1/6 DUTY-FREE AND QUOTA-FREE (DFQF) MARKET ACCESS FOR LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT 1
22 November 2016 (16-6392) Page: 1/6 Committee on Trade and Development DUTY-FREE AND QUOTA-FREE (DFQF) MARKET ACCESS FOR LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Sixth
More informationUNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE POTENTIAL FOR GSTP TRADE EXPANSION. Note prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat
Distr. GENERAL UNCTAD/ITCD/TAB/1 27 April 1998 ENGLISH ONLY UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE POTENTIAL FOR GSTP TRADE EXPANSION Note prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat The designations
More informationCONDUCTING NEGOTIATIONS AND POST NEGOTIATION ISSUES
CONDUCTING NEGOTIATIONS AND POST NEGOTIATION ISSUES TRAINING COURSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS 2 3 March 2017 United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand Rajan Sudesh Ratna
More informationWe agree that developed-country Members shall, and developing-country Members declaring themselves in a position to do so should:
Brief on Duty Free Quota Free Market Access 1 (DFQFMA) The LDC Group has been negotiating in the WTO for duty free quota free market access (DFQFMA) with simple and transparent Rules of Origin since at
More informationLAO PDR in ASEAN and the global economy
LAO PDR in ASEAN and the global economy Workshop on Lao PDR towards AEC 2015 6 May 2014 Luang Prabang Dr. Witada Aunkoonwattaka Trade and Investment Division, ESCAP anukoonwattaka@un.org Lao PDR in ASEAN
More informationICC recommendations for completing the Doha Round. Prepared by the Commission on Trade and Investment Policy
International Chamber of Commerce The world business organization Policy Statement ICC recommendations for completing the Doha Round Prepared by the Commission on Trade and Investment Policy 2006: the
More informationJapan-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Partnership
Japan- Comprehensive Economic Partnership By Dr. Kitti Limskul 1. Introduction The economic cooperation between countries and Japan has been concentrated on trade, investment and official development assistance
More information( ) Page: 1/9 SUBMISSION OF BANGLADESH ON BEHALF OF THE LDC GROUP
RESTRICTED JOB/TNC/56 3 November 2015 (15-5821) Page: 1/9 Trade Negotiations Committee Original: English SUBMISSION OF BANGLADESH ON BEHALF OF THE LDC GROUP LDC PRIORITIES FOR THE WTO TENTH MINISTERIAL
More informationOverview. Peterson Institute for International Economics
Overview 1 The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations marked its eighth birthday in November 2009, making it the longest-running negotiation in the postwar era. And the end is not in sight. Members
More informationFLEXIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN AGRICULTURE: MARKET ACCESS FORMULA
FLEXIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN AGRICULTURE: MARKET ACCESS FORMULA UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT FLEXIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN AGRICULTURE: MARKET ACCESS FORMULA
More informationWikiLeaks Document Release
WikiLeaks Document Release February 2, 2009 Congressional Research Service Report RL33634 The World Trade Organization: The Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) Negotiations Ian F. Fergusson, Foreign
More informationGlobal Insight s Sector Risk Analysis Which are the Winners and Losers?
Global Insight s Sector Risk Analysis Which are the Winners and Losers? Mark Killion, CFA World Industry Service Global Insight, Inc. Singapore March 6, 2006 Agenda: Which Are the Sector Risk Winners and
More informationOCR Economics A-level
OCR Economics A-level Macroeconomics Topic 4: The Global Context 4.5 Trade policies and negotiations Notes Different methods of protectionism Protectionism is the act of guarding a country s industries
More informationAUSTRALIA S POLICIES TOWARDS PROTECTION AND FREE TRADE
AUSTRALIA S POLICIES TOWARDS PROTECTION AND FREE TRADE Tim Riley Director Economic Literacy Centre PROTECTION: TARIFFS AND SUBSIDIES Economic Arguments: Protect infant industries Protect employment during
More informationDangers and Opportunities for Developing Countries in the Current World Trading System
Dangers and Opportunities for Developing Countries in the Current World Trading System Alan Deardorff University of Michigan For Presentation at 12 th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, UN-ECLAC,
More informationECA. An empirical assessment of the African Continental Free Trade Area modalities on goods. November 2018
ECA An empirical assessment of the African Continental Free Trade Area modalities on goods November 2018 The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) recently conducted a new economic modelling analysis to
More informationInternational trade: a new scenario? A brief look from a Brazilian practitioner
International trade: a new scenario? A brief look from a Brazilian practitioner Fernando Coppe Alcaraz* June 9 th, 2017 IBRAC 17 th Seminar on International Trade São Paulo -Brazil * SAIN-Ministry of Finance
More informationNeoliberalism, Investment and Growth in Latin America
Neoliberalism, Investment and Growth in Latin America Jayati Ghosh and C.P. Chandrasekhar Despite the relatively poor growth record of the era of corporate globalisation, there are many who continue to
More informationThe Doha Round: A Development Perspective Jean-Pierre Verbiest Jeffrey Liang Lea Sumulong
ERD POLICY BRIEF SERIES Economics and Research Department Number 9 The Doha Round: A Development Perspective Jean-Pierre Verbiest Jeffrey Liang Lea Sumulong Asian Development Bank http://www.adb.org Asian
More informationNON-AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS
The World Trade Organization s Doha Development Agenda The Doha Negotiations after Six Years Progress Report at the End of 2007 NON-AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS LAW OFFICES OF STEWART AND STEWART 2100 M
More informationTRADE POLICY REVIEW OF MALAYSIA JULY GATT Council's Evaluation
CENTRE WILLIAM-RAPPARD, RUE DE LAUSANNE 154, 1211 GENÈVE 21, TÉL. 022 7395111 I 20 July 1993 TRADE POLICY REVIEW OF MALAYSIA 19-20 JULY 1993 GATT Council's Evaluation The GATT Council conducted its first
More informationRegionalism in Services
Regionalism in Services Pierre Sauvé Examples of RTAs in services Early agreements: EU NAFTA Newer agreements: MERCOSUR ANDEAN Pact ASEAN US bilateral FTAs (Chile, Jordan, Singapore, Vietnam) More agreements
More informationTRADE PREFERENCE INDEX
TRADE PREFERENCE INDEX Maria Cipollina (Università del Molise) David Laborde (International Food Policy Research Institute) Luca Salvatici (Università del Molise) Agricultural, Food and Bio-energy Trade
More informationTrade Policy in Brazil. What is the Agenda?
Inter-American Development Bank Trade Policy in Brazil. What is the Agenda? Mauricio Mesquita Moreira, Senior Trade Economist Integration and Trade Sector Brazil and the United States: Trade Agendas and
More informationTrans-Pacific Partnership
Trans-Pacific Partnership Advantages & Disadvantages for Vietnam Based Businesses November 2015 HCMDMS#184365 TPP Impact on Vietnam s Prospects 2015 Baker & McKenzie LLP 2 12 Countries: - Asia: Brunei,
More informationWhat is the Export Benefit of GSP+ to Sri Lanka in Numbers. Janaka Wijayasiri
What is the Export Benefit of GSP+ to Sri Lanka in Numbers Janaka Wijayasiri Outline EU GSP arrangements Economic, Social & Environmental Benefits of GSP: Literature Review Sri Lanka s trade with EU Estimated
More informationExpert Group meeting for Least Developed Countries on the preparation for the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, Bali, Indonesia
Expert Group meeting for Least Developed Countries on the preparation for the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, Bali, Indonesia 11 November 2013 Duty-Free and Quota-Free Market Access for
More informationProspects for Canadian Agriculture in the WTO Doha Round A Message to the Canadian Delegation A SPECIAL REPORT. Larry Martin and David Coney
Prospects for Canadian Agriculture in the WTO Doha Round A Message to the Canadian Delegation A SPECIAL REPORT Larry Martin and David Coney July 2004 1.0 Introduction When representatives of 22 developing
More informationWTO-NAMA Negotiations: An Assessment of the State of Play
Regional Consultation on Road to Bali: South Asian Priorities for the Ninth WTO Ministerial 2-3 July 2013 Marawila, Sri Lanka Organised by South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment (SAWTEE),
More informationSpeech by. The Hon Mark Vaile MP. Deputy Prime Minister Leader of The Nationals Minister for Trade. The Institute for International Trade
Speech by The Hon Mark Vaile MP Deputy Prime Minister Leader of The Nationals Minister for Trade The Institute for International Trade Future Trade Opportunities for Australian Business 3 August 2006,
More informationNAMA Negotiations in the WTO and Preference Erosion: Concerns of Bangladesh and Other Regional LDCs
NAMA Negotiations in the WTO and Preference Erosion: Concerns of Bangladesh and Other Regional LDCs Paper 51 Mustafizur Rahman Wasel Bin Shadat Price: Tk 40.00 Centre for Policy Dialogue House 40 C, Road
More informationThe International Financial Crisis and Brazil in the Doha Development Round
WTO Public Forum 2009 The International Financial Crisis and Brazil in the Doha Development Round Saulo Nogueira Senior Researcher ICONE Institute for International Trade Negotiations www.iconebrasil.org.br
More informationTPP11 Agreement in Principle: Japan s Role in Mega-regional Trade Agreements
TPP11 Agreement in Principle: Japan s Role in Mega-regional Trade Agreements December 15, 2017 Shujiro URATA Waseda University Contents Mega-regional FTA Negotiations Japan s objectives behind mega-regional
More informationRina Oktaviani Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
Dhaka Roundtable on Reviving the Multilateral Trading System: Post-Bali Issues 23 24 November 2014, Bangladesh Session 6 Post-2015 International ti Development Agenda and Multilateral Trading System by
More informationARE THERE SPECIAL RISKS FROM TRADE AND FINANCE IN THE RECESSION?
ARE THERE SPECIAL RISKS FROM TRADE AND FINANCE IN THE 2008-9 RECESSION? Sheila Page International Chair WTO/Regional Integration University of Barcelona December 2008 Policy Brief 1 All international economic
More informationBeyond Bali: prospects for multi- and plurilateral trade negotiations. by György Csáki Szent István University, Gödöllő - HUNGARY
Beyond Bali: prospects for multi- and plurilateral trade negotiations by György Csáki Szent István University, Gödöllő - HUNGARY WORLD CONGRESS OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, Rome, 25-27 June, 2015 1 1. World
More informationGreen trade liberalisation - Green Goods Initiative
Green trade liberalisation - Green Goods Initiative Civil society meeting, 11 June 2014 1. What are green/environmental goods and services? Term used in the Doha Ministerial Declaration/DDA negotiations
More informationConstraints and Opportunities for Growth in the LDCs: Research to Support Action
Constraints and Opportunities for Growth in the LDCs: Research to Support Action John S. Wilson Development Economics Research Group Trade and International Integration World Bank April 19, 2012 1 Outline
More informationIs the EU a Responsible trade partner?
Sheila Page, Group Coordinator, International Economic Development Group, ODI Meeting Presentation 22 October 2003 Is the EU a Responsible trade partner? This is not a trivial question because, unlike
More informationTHE CAIRO DECLARATION AND ROAD MAP ON THE DOHA WORK PROGRAMME
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA P. O. Box 3243 Telephone 517 700 Fax: +251-1-517844 AU CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRADE 3 rd ORDINARY SESSION 5 9 JUNE 2005 CAIRO, ARAB
More information