ECONOMIC LAW. of Public International Law THEMATIC SERIES VOLUME 1. Published under the Auspices ofthe. Max Planck Foundation for International Peace
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1 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law THEMATIC SERIES VOLUME 1 Published under the Auspices ofthe Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law Edited under the Direction of Frauke Lachenmann Rüdiger Wolfrum OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2 CONTENTS List ofabbreviations Notes to the Reader xvii xxvn Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) 1 Daniel Gervais Anti-Dumping Edwin Vermulst Antitrust or Competition Law, International Jürgen Basedow Argentine Debt Crisis 32 Jörn Axel Kammerer Bank for International Settlements (BIS) 43 Marc Jacob Bretton Woods Conference (1944) 48 Andreas F Lowenfeld Capital, Free Flow of 53 Matthias Rujfert Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) 60 Gerald G Sander Commercial Arbitration, International 66 Richard H Kreindler and Thomas Kopp Commercial Contracts, UNIDROIT Principles 81 Michael Joachim Bonell Commercial Treaties 90 Matthias Oesch Commodities, International Regulation of Production and Trade 102 Melaku GeboyeDesta Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) 111 Christoph Ohler Concessions 115 Christoph Ohler
3 xii CONTENTS Corporations in International Law 122 Peter T Muchlinski Currency Controls 140 Ross Leckow, NadiaRendak, and Michael Strauss Customs Law, International 145 Talia Einhorn Customs Unions 169 Christine Kaufinann DebtCrisis 175 Christian Walter Debts 187 Christoph G Paulus Doha Round 196 Eduardo Tempone and Raul Emilio Vinuesa Double Taxation 212 Yorarn Margalioth Economic Coercion 217 Barry E Carter Economic Integration, Comparative Analysis 220 Armand de Mestral Economic Organization: and Croups, International 228 Alberta Fabbricotti Economic Sanctions 242 Barry E Carter Environmentally Sound Economic Activity, International Law 248 Elvira Pushkareva Fair and Equitable Treatment 254 Nicolas Angelet Financial Assistance 264 Domenico da Empoli Financial Derivatives, International Regulation 270 Johanna Dickschen Financial Institutions, International 278 Maurizio Ragazzi Food Labelling and Trademark Law 286 Mariela Maidana-Eletti
4 CONTENTS xüi Foreign Aid Agreements 291 Philipp Dann and Michael Riegner Free Trade Areas 295 Michael Köbele General Agreement on TarifFs and Trade (1947 and 1994) 302 Wolfgang Benedek General Agreement on Trade in Services (1994) 314 Markus Krajewski Goods, Free Circulation of 324 Friedl Weiss and Silke Steiner Havana Charter (1948) 335 Giorgio Sacerdoti Industrial Property, International Protection 343 Thomas Cottier Intellectual Property, International Protection 367 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 383 Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 415 Christoph Schreuer International Development Association (IDA) 423 Leonie Guder International Economic Law 432 Matthias Herdegen International Energy Law 445 Stuart Bruce International Finance Corporation (IFC) 458 SheetalAsrani-Dann and Philipp Dann International Labour Organization (ILO) 461 Heiko Sauer International Monetary Fund (IMF) 472 Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte International Monetary Fund, Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) 501 Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte The International Tin Council (ITC) 518 Matthias Hartwig
5 XIV CONTENTS International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) Alberta Fabbricotti Investment Codes Markus Burgstaller and Michael Waibel Investment Disputes Christoph Schreuer Investments, Bilateral Treaties Marc Jacob Investments, International Protection Christoph Schreuer Lena Goldfields Arbitration Andrea Ernst Lex mercatoria 583 Stephan W Schill Like Products 590 Won-Mog Choi and Freya Baetens London Agreement on German External Debts (1953) 601 Marc Jacob Monetary Law, European 612 MadsAndenas Monetary Law, International 619 Andreas F Lowenfeld Monetary Unions and Monetary Zones 637 Leonie Guder Moratorium 644 SheetalAsrani Dann and Philipp Dann Most-Favoured-Nation Clause 645 Robin Geiß and Meinhard Hilf Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 657 Stephan WSchill National Treatment, Principle 664 RaulEmilio Vinuesa New International Economic Order (NIEO) 674 Giorgio Sacerdoti Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade 684 Jörg Philipp Terhechte
6 CONTENTS XV North American Free Trade Agreement (1992) 694 North American Free Trade Agreement, Case-Law 701 North American Free Trade Agreement, Dispute Settlement 708 Regional Trade Agreements 713 Lorand Bartels Revere Copper Arbitral Award 724 Andrea Ernst Rules of Origin 726 Moshe Hirsch Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 732 Gabrielle Marceau and Joel Trachtman Services, Trade in 738 Markus Krajewski Special and Differential Treatment 746 Eduardo Tempone Subsidies, International Restrictions 752 Konstantinos Adamantopoulos andjochen P Beck Taxation, International 764 Yoram Margalioth Technical Assistance 77 8 Claudio Dordi and Michel Kostecki Technical Barriers to Trade 788 Gabrielle Marceau and Joel P Trachtman Technology Transfer 794 Michael Waibel and William Alford Trade and Culture 808 Christoph Beat Graber Trade and Human Rights 816 Lorand Bartels Trade and Labour Standards 825 Christine Kaufmann Traditional Knowledge 834 Christian Riffel
7 XVI CONTENTS Transit of Goods over Foreign Territory 840 Talia Einhorn Unfair Competition, International Protection 855 Christian Riffel UNIDROIT 860 Lena Peters Uniform Sales Law 871 Miriam Parmentier Unilateral Trade Measures 880 Christoph Ohler Uruguay Round 887 Matthias Oesch US Shrimp Case 898 Matthias Oesch World Bank Group 901 Maurizio Ragazzi World Customs Organization (WCO) 904 Christine Kaufmann World Trade Organization (WTO) 908 Peter- Tobias Stoll World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement 931 Peter- Tobias Stoll World Trade Organization, Enforcement System 947 Michael Köbele World Trade, Principles 961 Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann
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