Harmonised Demographics of Companies

Transcription

1 Harmonsed Demographcs of Companes Methodologcal note INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute

2 Annual 1 Introducton 3 2 Objectves 4 3 Source of data and tme frame reference 4 4 Statstcal unt reference person 5 5 Categores demographc and general treatments 5 6 Specfc procedures 7 7 Classfcaton varables 9 8 Demographc ndcators 11 9 Data seres 11 REFERENCE TO THE GRAPHICAL ANNEX 12 INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 2

3 1 Introducton Management of Company Drectores s one of the strategc actvtes of Organsatons wth jursdcton n Publc Statstcs, snce they are key tools n the effectve development and coordnaton of surveys, favourng balanced dstrbuton of the response workload. Avalablty of an operatonal Drectory s essental, partcpatng both n desgn and n sample selecton and n creatng elevaton factors. In the scope of the European Unon, domestc processes for managng Economc drectores have undergone gradual adaptaton over tme. Currently, the Natonal Statstcs Insttutes of Member States must fulfl the commtments of Regulaton (CE) no. 177/2008 of the European Parlament and of the Councl of 20 February 2008, whch establshes a common framework for Company Drectores used for statstcal purposes. The aforementoned legal nstrument forms part of the set of requrements on nfrastructure, together wth Classfcatons and Statstcal Unts, that all countres must comply wth pror to sgnfcantly harmonsng on a supranatonal level. The Central Companes Drectory of the INE (CCD) covers the central objectve requred as an nfrastructure tool, that s, to serve as a central samplng framework for the majorty of surveys amed at companes and collected n the Natonal Statstcal Plan. Asde from basc usefulness, n recent years the CCD has been playng relevant role n other domans of nterest, such as corporate demography, mplyng development of new practces and ntatves wth strong Innovaton components. The applcatons strengthen the role of the CCD as a statstcal data generatng element, takng nto account not only statstcal aspects, but also those lnked to busness dynamsm. The fndngs of the Lsbon European Councl n 2000 formed the cornerstone of statstcal development of Corporate Demographcs. Polces geared towards creatng companes are based on the establshng of condtons that favour nnovaton, compettveness, the use of new technologes and creaton of employment. In ths sense, busness fabrc s consdered a crucal element for achevng the objectves dealt wth n the Lsbon strategy, dentfed as a key factor for drvng economc growth. Durng the past decade, the Statstcal Offce of the European Communtes (EUROSTAT) promoted an acton programme enttled Busness Demography Project. In the year 2000 a Workng Group began wth the purpose of generatng a methodology and common processes to be appled by all partcpatng countres. Phase one of the project conssted of performng a Vablty Study restrctng certan branches of economc actvty. In so dong, the capablty of Member States to generate relevant nformaton n ths feld was quantfed, and the level of adaptaton of ths nformaton to harmonsed methodologcal requrements was dentfed. As of the year 2002, the project has been carred out progressvely on a wde range of economc actvtes, dentfyng populatons of nterest, as well as assocated classfcaton varables. Currently, statstcal data on Company Demographcs has been ncluded n Regulaton (CE) No. 295/2008 of the European Parlament and Councl of 11 March 2008 relatng to companes' structural statstcs, whch oblges Member States to contrbute nformaton on company demographcs at yearly ntervals. Lastly, t means that Harmonsed Demographcs of Companes are shown n the Inventory of State Admnstraton Statstcal Operatons (IOE) wth code 30204, and that t wll be collected n the 2011 Annual Statstcal Programme wth number INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 3

4 2 Objectves The general objectve of the harmonsed demographcs of companes s to provde aggregated nformaton regardng the populaton of companes located n the country, consderng the aspects lnked to busness dynamsm and applyng a methodology agreed on wthn the scope of the European Unon. Ths methodology provdes the gudelnes that enable dentfyng populatons and generatng ndcators regardng the stock, creatons, demses and survvals of companes, through a harmonsed statstcal operaton of the Company Drectores managed n Statstcs Offces. In addton, the nformaton obtaned on a natonal level has the objectve of meetng the legal requrements of (EC) Regulaton No. 295/2008 and becomng a part of the set of structural ndcators of the European Unon, essental for the annual assessment of the stuaton and evoluton of the European economy. Indcators on Harmonsed Demographcs of Companes must therefore fulfl several objectves, formng a statstcal base to be used as a useful nstrument for assessng the effectveness of economc polces, proflng polces to be carred out n the future, enablng the work of researchers or even dentfyng the best tme for companes themselves to nvest n new resources or undertake organsatonal changes. 3 Source of data and tme frame reference Processes developed for generatng demographc ndcators take as ther startng pont data contaned n the INE Central Companes Drectory. The CCD s an organsed nformaton system wth data for dentfyng, locatng and classfyng companes operatng wthn Span and updated at yearly ntervals. The scope of mantenance processes affects the populaton total and enables detecton of the most sgnfcant changes relatng both to the exstence and the man features of regstered unts. Ths s all possble thanks to the recepton of a very broad set of sources for whch the Management Unt of the CCD has access n dentfed mcrodata format. Pror categorsaton of the unts enterng, remanng n and leavng the system consttute the basc startng subpopulatons. In addton, t s necessary to consder the actvty status of unts n hstorcal versons of the CCD, n order to delmt survvals followng a number of years. The tme frame reference consdered for demographc nformaton corresponds to the calendar year, a requrement that s compatble wth the acton perod of the CCD. Specfcally, the tme frame reference data appearng n ths publcaton s the year 2008, although n order to be able to properly study the phenomenon of company survvals, followng EUROSTAT methodology, prevous years are turned to. INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 4

5 4 Statstcal unt reference person Demographc ndcators are obtaned for the company unt, whch accordng to Councl Regulaton 696/93 on statstcal unts, s defned as the smallest combnaton of legal unts consttutng an organsatonal for producng goods or servces and whch enjoys a certan degree of autonomy n decson-makng, especally for allocaton of ts resources. In practce t s possble to obtan data from legal unts, gven that the end result of all the processes to be carred out s suffcently close to the establshed concepts of actual creatons and demses of companes. In order to mprove nternatonal comparablty, the harmonsed methodology establshes the takng n account of companes carryng out any economc actvty wth the excepton of agraran, lvestock and fshng actvtes, those of publc admnstraton, households that employ domestc personnel and extraterrtoral organsatons. Smlarly, holdng companes, or non-market orented unts, wll not be taken nto account. 5 Demographc categores and general treatments Delmtng populatons of nterest s done by means of an ordered set of procedures varyng n nature, desgned n accordance wth the harmonsed methodology prncples. Bascally, work s geared towards dentfyng the followng aggregates: Company stock.- Set of unts that have remaned actve durng all or part of the year. Companes are entered that reman actve at the end of the perod, as are companes that have completely ceased ther actvtes durng sad perod. creaton of companes.- Set of unts that over the course of the year have created a combnaton of new producton factors. There s no connecton wth other, prevously exstng companes. Demse of companes.- Set of unts that over the course of the year have dssolved all ther producton factors. There s no connecton wth other companes that may begn operatng. survval of companes.- Restrcted to each creaton cohort, ths corresponds to the set of unts that contnue to be actve n each of the followng fve years. As a consequence, the harmonsed demographc analyss s not lmted to a mere quantfcaton of flows obtaned n the Drectory updatng processes. Delmtng and tabulatng the set of legal unts enterng, remanng n and leavng each year are normally obtaned from movements detected n admnstratve sources supplyng nformaton. In Span, ths type of data s dssemnated perodcally on the INE webste, under the ttle Movements of the CCD and consttutes an nformatve base connected to the operaton Statstcal use of the CCD. Although the analyss of movements from admnstratve sources provdes an ntal prevew of unt renewal processes, the statstcal work to be carred out for obtanng harmonsed demographc ndcators demands an addtonal effort, contrbutng added value to the admnstratve nformaton. Indeed, the purpose s to obtan data most pertnently reflectng the economc realty and ts evoluton over tme. In accordance wth ths prncple, correct INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 5

6 delmtaton of demographc categores requres the ncorporaton of at least the followng procedures: Detecton and removal of lstngs / delstngs of unts due to redstrbuton of producton Demographc events that affect companes may be due to exstental changes n exstng producton factors. Exstental changes are processes of creaton or dssoluton and are lnked to creatons and demses of companes. They are featured because a sngle company s nvolved after the event and none before t (creaton) or vce versa (demse). However, changes n dstrbuton requre the presence of at least one company both before and after the event. In ths typology there are company ntegraton phenomena, for example modaltes of merger or absorpton, whch generate a concentraton of producton means and a consequent reducton n terms of unts. Conversely, the events of total or partal splt generate a dsperson of producton factors and an ncrease n the number of exstng companes. The unts nvolved n ths type of phenomena should not be entered as creatons or demses. Statstcal contnuty crtera These crtera have been set to mark dfferences between admnstratve events and statstcal ones. In practce, a large proporton of demographc events may be detected from unt flows present n admnstratve sources. However, not all admnstratve changes are suffcent for condtonng the dentty or contnuty of the company as a statstcal unt, and therefore, should not be treated as demographc type movements. In ths sense, the harmonsed methodology has establshed a smple set of contnuty rules. The agreed crtera for decdng on the contnuty of a company are: legal support, man economc actvty and man locaton. When at least two of these elements change, then there s consdered to have been a loss n contnuty. As a consequence, a company's creaton or demse should be entered. Specal montorng of large companes The relatve weght of ths populaton n the corporate fabrc justfes the development of specal control operatons n order to sutably classfy movements assocated wth these unts. Data processng technques must be supplemented wth checkng operatons amed at capturng pertnent nformaton on the causes assocated wth the phenomena of creaton and demse. Other alternatve procedures such as queryng specalsed databases or access to webstes are hghly recommended. The methodology underlyng the Harmonsed Demographcs of Companes has been conceved n order to obtan demographc ndcators on a natonal level, gven that the objectve s to have access to a comparable statstcal base for European Unon countres. Therefore, the prevous processes are appled for the set of unts resdent n natonal terrtory. Development of a smlar methodology albet centred on lower terrtoral scopes such as Autonomous Communty, would generate demographc ndcators that were not consstent wth the natonal aggregate. For example, a company that changes actvty wthn an Autonomous Communty (even f the man actvty at a natonal level does not change) or moves from one Autonomous Communty to another may gve rse to dfferent demographc events f observed from dfferent geographcal contexts. INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 6

7 6 Specfc procedures Company stock s determned once the CCD annual mantenance processes have fnshed, consderng the set of actve companes at the end of the year, plus companes that have ceased actvty durng the course of the year. Wth relaton to creatons, the objectve s to produce data regardng the creaton of companes from scratch whch have truly begun to moblse new producton factors. Therefore, excluded from the CCD are lstngs of legal unts due to mergers, splts, nternal restructurng of a group of companes or smple changes of actvty. In addton, the followng cases are excluded: New unts that smply take the actvtes from a prevously created company. New unts created for the sole purpose of provdng a producton factor (such as estate or personal goods) or developng an ancllary actvty to an exstng company. Legal changes to an exstng company. Reactvated companes, when resumng ther actvty wthn the 2 years subsequent to the prevous ceasng of actvtes. Temporary Jont Ventures that do not ental creatng new producton factors. The followng offers a general perspectve on the set of processes. Identfcacón de nacmentos de empresas (Año t) Poblacón Crteros utlzados Agregados Em presas en DIRCE (t) Em presas en DIRCE (t-1) Altas en DIRCE (t) Poblacones obtendas por cruces u otros procedmentos M ovlzan factores de produccón en t M ovlzan factores de produccón en t-1 N t-1 Contraste por el Identfcador entre ambos perodos de referenca con X t elm nacón de reactvacones Cruce por Localzacón + Actvdad (X t y N t ) X 1 Cruce por Localzacón + Nombre (X t y N t ) X 2 Cruce por Actvdad + Nombre y N t ) (X t X 3 Cambos Exclusvos de Undad Legal Explotadora X 4 Identfcacón de Undades legales auxlares y Unones Tem porales X 5 de Empresas Accesos a nformacón externa (Regstros M ercantles, Cámaras de Comerco, Bases de datos prvadas, X 6 Internet,..) Captura de nformacón medante operacón de verfcacón (Control X z de grandes empresas) Nacmentos reales en t X t -U(X 1,.., X z ) N t INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 7

8 In relaton to demses of companes, the process s smlar to dentfyng creatons. As a consequence, CCD delstngs due to mergers, absorptons, splts or nternal restructurng at the heart of company groups should not be entered. Applyng statstcal contnuty crtera lkewse entals that smple changes of actvty or legal changes should also be excluded. Wth regard to temporary ceasng of actvty, companes resumng ther actvtes wthn the two years subsequent to the earler ceasng wll not be entered ether. Therefore t s necessary to have the CCD updates correspondng to the years t+1 and t+2 n order to remove the reactvated unts. Wth regard to the phenomenon of survvals, a company actve n year t-1 Is consdered to have survved n year t: If the unt servng as man legal support for the company remans actve durng year t (survval wthout changes). If sad legal unt has been dessted n the CCD, but ts actvtes are regarded as a new legal unt created to manage the prevously exstng producton factors (survval wth changes). The survval phenomenon must always be observed between two consecutve years. Thus, a company whch came nto beng n year t-2 should be consdered to have survved n year t, only f t was also actve n year t-1. Companes that have recently come nto beng do not usually start movng large amounts of resources n the year n whch they are set up. In order to assess ther actual mpact on the economy t s necessary to carry out montorng for a longer perod. Specfcally, the harmonsed methodology establshes that each creaton cohort be studed for a perod of fve years. In practce, survvals at the end of the dfferent years are dentfed from populatons generated from creatons and montorng the populatons n subsequent versons of the CCD. 7 Classfcaton varables For each demographc category dentfed, lsted below are the classfcaton varables used and the modaltes adopted n ths publcaton, whch are consstent wth those establshed n the harmonsed methodology. 7.1 LEGAL CONDITION The legal condton of the company s obtaned from the frst character of the tax dentfcaton number (N.I.F.) correspondng to the unt used as a legal support. The followng lmtatons have been consdered: - Indvduals - Publc Lmted Companes and Prvate Lmted Companes - Other types INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 8

9 7.2 EMPLOYEE STRATUM The followng categores have been consdered: - 0 employees - from 1 to 4 employees - from 5 to 9 employees - 10 employees and over 7.3 MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CODE The level of detal correspondng to Dvsons (2 dgts) was set, n accordance wth the Natonal Classfcaton of Economc Actvtes CNAE The work plan devsed n order to mplement ths Classfcaton n the Natonal Statstcal System, entals the recodng of the jont populaton of the CCD n the update correspondng to For ths tme frame reference, submsson of harmonsed ndcators to EUROSTAT refers a Classfcaton NACE Rev., n order to ensure comparablty on a European level. 2 whch, wth the excepton of small changes at a four-dgt level, s smlar to Natonal Classfcaton CNAE INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 9

10 8 Demographc ndcators The ndcators proposed n the methodology quantfy the relatve sgnfcance of the phenomena of creaton or closure of companes as part of the busness fabrc of Span. The survval phenomenon s smlar, but takng as a reference the populaton of creatons detected n the ntal observaton perod. Shown below: Creaton rate TR R t t = t N 100 R t = Nacmentos de la actvdad N t = Stock de la actvdad en el año t en el año t Survval rates TS t + k t S = R + k t 100 S t + k R t = = Supervvencas de la actvdad Nacmento s de la actvdad a fnales en el año t del t + k, k = 1,2,... Rate of demse TD D t t = t N 100 D t = Muertes de la actvdad N t = Stock de la actvdad en el año t en el año t 9 Data seres The presentng of results on Harmonsed Demographcs of Companes has been structured n a set of tables, splt nto four seres correspondng to each demographc category studed:: Company stock, Creatons, Survvals and Demses of companes, 2008 the man reference year. Addtonally, ncluded n the Annex s a set of graphs obtaned from the demographc ndcators descrbed. These enable users to vew the sgnfcance of the dfferent events consdered, ncludng wth a broad tme perspectve, when ntegratng nformaton obtaned n the ntal years of development. Descrbed below s the lst of tables generated n accordance wth the classfcaton varables used and the content of the annex. SERIES 1: COMPANY STOCK Table 1.1 Company stock by employee stratum and man actvty Table 1.2 Company stock by legal status and man actvty INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 10

11 SERIES 2: CREATION OF COMPANIES Table 2.1 Creatons of companes by employee stratum and man actvty Table 2.2 Company stock by legal status and man actvty SERIES 3: SURVIVAL OF COMPANIES Table 3.1 Survval of companes by year and man actvty Ths seres s obtaned for creaton cohorts for 2004, 2005, 2006 and As a result of the CCD recodng, the cohort of companes created n 2007 already had ts man actvty encoded n CNAE As regards the precedng cohorts, encodng procedures have been developed, combnng automatc allocaton wth probablstc mputaton methods. SERIES 4: DEMISE OF COMPANIES Table 4.1 Demses of companes by employee stratum and man actvty Table 4.2 Company stock by legal status and man actvty It should be borne n mnd that data on demses of companes referrng to 2008 are provsonal, snce t has stll not been possble to dentfy companes reactvated n 2010 and whch should be subject to removal n accordance wth the harmonsed methodology. Data appearng n the tables s estmated by takng demses detected n 2008 that have not been reactvated n A small percentage of unts s randomly excluded from that populaton base, n accordance wth experence of prevous years regardng reactvatons n the second year. REFERENCE TO THE GRAPHICAL ANNEX The purpose of the seres of graphs ncluded at the end of ths publcaton s to ascertan, from a tme perspectve comprsng years 2001 to 2008, the man magntudes obtaned for Span n the scope of harmonsed demographcs of companes. In order to properly nterpret the results, t should be borne n mnd, as prevously ndcated and n accordance wth the European Unon regulatons, that updatng of CCD relatng to the year 2008 has used Natonal Classfcaton of Actvtes CNAE 2009 as an encodng tool. Its mplementaton entals the applcaton of specfc rules that nvolve changes n company classfcaton crtera. The most sgnfcant changes between the two classfcatons may be found on the INE webste Moreover, correspondences between the two classfcatons may be consulted usng the GESCLA applcaton, avalable at the INE URL As a consequence, adaptng the CCD to the new Classfcaton has ramfcatons n the structural dstrbuton of the busness fabrc by economc sector, whch mples that the aggregates broken down by ths varable for 2008 are not comparable wth prevous years. INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 11

12 Lsted below are the graphs obtaned: Seres 1.- Company stock Graph 1.1: Dstrbuton by economc sector Graph 1.2: Dstrbuton by employee stratum Graph 1.3: Dstrbuton (For form unts. Seres 2.- Creaton of companes Graph 2.1: Results by actvty sector Graph 2.2: Dstrbuton by employee stratum Graph 2.3: Dstrbuton (For form unts. Seres 3.- Survval of companes Graph 3.1: Survval rates n cohorts 2001 to 2007 Graph 3.2: Survval rates of the cohort for 2003 by economc sector Graph 3.3: Survval rates of the cohort for 2003 by employee stratum Seres 4.- Demse of companes Graph 4.1: Rates by economc sector Graph 4.2: Rates by employee stratum Graph 4.3: Rates by legal forms Seres 5.- Net rates Graph 5.1: Net rates (creatons demses) on total unts INE. Natonal Statstcs Insttute 12