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1 FocusNote !"#$%&'(")*+,-./0123!!"#$ USE OF AGENTS IN BRANCHLESS BANKING FOR THE POOR: REWARDS, RISKS, AND REGULATION!"#$%% Timothy R. LymanGautam Ivatury Stefan StaschenLyman CGAP!!!"#!"#$%&'(Ivatury CGAP!"#$%Staschen CGAP!"#$%&'()!"#!" Sylvie Goursaud, Jeremiah L.Grossman Mark Pickens!"#$%!"#$%&David Porteous Ernesto Aguirre!"!"!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&'!"# 2006 CGAP!"#$%&' the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor!" 28!"#$!"#$%& '()*%+,!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'( CGAP!" 1!"#$!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!"#)*+,-.!"#$%&'()*+,-)./01234!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,&-!"#$%&'!()*+!"#!"# $%& '()*+!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$ Caixa!"#Caixa Economica Federal!!"#$%&' ()*+!"#$%&'()*+,--.!"#$$%&'()*+),-./01'( !"#!"# 3!"#$!"#$Globe Telecom!"#$%&'()!!"#$%&'()*+,-./01"!!"#!!"#$%&'()*+,-.G- G- Cash!"#$%&' (% 4 1!!"#!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,!"#!"#$%&'!"#$!!!!!"#$%&'()#*+,-./0123!!"#$%!"#! Caixa!"#Caixa Economica Federal Luis Felipe Pinheiro, Jr.!

2 !"#$%&'()$*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'ATM!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+!",-./01!"#$%&"'()* 5!!!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&'(")*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-%'(./0!"#!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+,!"!"#$%&'()*%&+,-&.!"#$%&'()*+!!"#$%&'()*+,-5!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!!"#$%&!!"#$!"#$!"#$%&!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()!"!"#!"!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'() *&+,-'*&!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&!"#!!!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*&+,-./0123!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%!!"#$%&'()*+,)-.!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!!"#$%&!"'!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-.&/0*+,!"#$%&'()*!+,-*./0!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()!"#$%!"!"#$%&'()*+,-'.!"#$%&'()&'*!"#$%!"#$%!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$!"#$%&'"()*!"#$%&!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'"()*+,-./012!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*!"#$!"#$%&&'()!"#!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*%+,-./!"#$%&'()*!"#$!"#$%&'()*+$,-./0!"#$% &'()*+,-./0'1!"#$%&'()* 0.5%Kumar et 5!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"123456&789!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,-)./01 ATM!"#$%& ATM!"#$%&'()!"!"#$%&'(!" ATM!"#$!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-./0&1!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./01 2

3 al. 2006!"#$!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'( 6!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$%&'()#*+,-#./!"#$!%&!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$!!"#!"#G-!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&'%()*+,!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-.!" (InfoDev 2006)!"#$%&'!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()$*+,-./0123!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!" #$%&'()*+,-.%!"#$%&'()*&#+',-.!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-!"!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+,(-./!!!"# 7!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+!Kumar et al 2006!"#$%!" !"1600!"#$!"#$%&' 2003!"#$%&!"#$%&'()* 2005!"#$%&'(Feltrim 2006!"#$%& 58000!" 2000!"# Caixa!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./012$ !"#$%!"# RBI!"!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&!"#$%!!"#$%&'!"# 9 ICICI!"#$%& 10!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,-./012 Harper Kirsten2006!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&!!"#!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%!&'()*!"#$%&!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,-./012() WIZZIT!"#$%&'(!"#$%South African Bank of Athens!"#!"#$%&'()* 6!!"# 40%!"#$%&! 18%!"#$%& Harper Kirsten 2006!!" 2%!"# $%&'()&*+,!"#$% Kumar et al !"Banco Bradesco( Banco do Brasilhttp://www. bb.com.br/appbb/portal/ri/eng/index. jsp Caixa Econ mica Federal 8 Caixa!"#$%&'()*+,10!"#$ 2000!"#!"$%&'()*+Caixa!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&' Kumar et al !"#RBI!"#!"#!"#$%!&!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!!"#$%&'()*+),-. Reserve Bank of India

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9 !!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()* 23!"#!"#$%&'("#)*+,-!"!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$!"#$%&'()*'(+,-./0%!"#$%&'!!"#$!!"#$%&'()*!"#!"#$%&'()*+ 24!"!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'(!"!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'!"!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*!"#$%!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$% &'()*+#,-./01!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+,-.% /0!!"#$%&'(!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'!"#$%&'(!"#$%&!!"#$%&'()*+,!"-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$!%&'()!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&' ()"*+,-.!!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123.!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+",-.!"!"#$%&'(!"#$%&!"#!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+,-./012%3! 5!"#$%!"#$%&'()*!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,(AML/CFT)!"#$%&'()*+,-./$%)01!"#$%&'()*+,-./012'!!!"#$%&'()*+, AML/CFT!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"!"#$%&'()*+&',!"#$%&'()!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+, 24!"#$%&'()%&*!"#$%&'() !"#$%&FATF!"#$%& AML/CFT!!"#$!"#$%&'!" 2003 FATF 9

10 1 AML/CFT!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$!"#$%&'(!"#$%"&'(!"# ^jil`cq! L!"#!"#$%^jiL`cq!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-.)*'(/!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./0^jiL`cq!"#!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$ ^jil`cq!!"#$!"#$%&'()*!!"#$%&'()!"#$% UMM!"! QMMM!!"#$%&!" QMMM!"#$%&!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'!" NRM!"#$%&'()#*+,-."/!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !!"# ^jil`cq!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./012'34567!"#$%!"#$%nnmm!"# OPMM!!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123$'(456!"!"!"#!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"!!"#$%&'(!)*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"!" RMM!!!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&!"#$!"#$%&'()"*+,-./! Amended Exemption 17 to the Financial Intelligence Centre Act ption%2017%20+%202nd%20reporting%20exemption.pdfgenesis AnalyticsLegislative and Regulatory Obstacles to Mass Banking, P54 Know Your Customer(KYC) Guidelines-Anti Money Laundering StandardsRBI/ /284 pp.6and 15(November 29, 2004) aspx?id= !"#$%&'()*+'!"#$%&!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"!"#$%&!"#$%&!!"#$%&'()*$+ 26!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'!()*+,-.!"#$%&'()*!"#$%!!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$!%&'()*+,-.*/ 26!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+',- 10

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ndhra Pradesh!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'!()*+!"#$%!"#$%&$'()!"#$%&!"#$%&2004!"#$%!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-. G-!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-./ The Hindu Business Line !"#!"#$!"#$%&'&()*+,- WIZZIT MTN!!"#$%&!"#$!"!!"#$ 30!"#$ Smart!"#$%&'()*RBAP!!!"#$%&'!"()*+,-.!"# RBAP!"G-!"#$%&'()*+,-.,/01!"!"#$%!"#$%&' G-!"#$%&'!"#$%&'(")*+,!"#$%&'()*!"#! Smart RBAP!"#$% 12

13 !"#$%&'()*+&,!"#$!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&!"#$%&'!()*+!!"#!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#$%&'"()'*+,!!"#$%&'"()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&' 31!"#!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#!"#$%&'()!"#!"!"#$%%&'()*+, 32!"!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+,- 33!"#$%&'!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234!"#$%!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-./01-2!"#$ %&'()*!!"#$!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%&'() *+,!"#$!"#$%&'() *+),-./01!"!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'!"#$%!&'()*+,!"#$%&'(&)*+,-!"# $%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"!"#$%&'!!"#$%&'()*+,-./&!"#$%&'()!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+!!"#$%&'()*+",-./0!"#$%&!"#$'()*+,!"#$%&'()!"#$!" AML/CFT!"#$%&!"#$%!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,!!"#$%&'()*AML/CFT!"#$%&Isern et al. 2005!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"!"#$%&'() *!"#$%&'()*+,-!!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&"'()*+!!"#$%&'()*!"#!!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,- 31!"#$ !"#$!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&'()* 32!!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&!" #$%&'()*+ %,-.!"#$!%&' AML/CFT!"#$!"#$%& 33!"#$%&'Safaricoms M-Pesa!"#$%!"##$%&'DFID!"#$%&DFID!"#!"#$% 13

14 !"!"#$%!"&'()!"#$%&"#'()*!"#$%&'()*+",-.!"#$%&'()*!"!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*%+,"-.!"#$%&'()!!"#$%&'()*+(,-.!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'()!"#!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-*./!"#$%&'()*!"#!"#$#%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'$()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./0"!"!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"!"#$%&'!(!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*!"#$!"#$%&'()!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"'(!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'"(!!"#$%&'$()*+%,-.!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+ 14

15 ! Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Circular 471, Section 3.Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. asp?type=1&id=116. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Risk Management for Electronic Banking and Electronic Money Activities. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements Electronic Banking Group Initiatives and White Papers.Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements. bis.org/publ/bcbs76.pdf Sound Practices for the Management and Supervision of Operational Risk. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements Survey of developments in electronic money and internet and mobile payments. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for InternationalSettlements Core Principles Methodology: Consultative Document.Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements. bis.org/publ/bcbs124.pdf. Feltrim, Luiz Edson Correspondentes Bancarios.Slideshow presentation. Banco Central do Brasil. com.br/apresentacoes/banking_ii/apresentacao_feltrin_bacen.pdf. Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (as amended in 2004). The Forty Recommendations.Recommendation 9. Paris, France: Financial Action Task Force. Harper, Malcolm, and Mari Kirsten ICICI Bank and Microfinance Linkages in India.Small Enterprise Development 17 (1): 309. Hindu Business Line. 18 March AP plans strict action against errant MFIs.The Hindu Business Line. com/2006/03/18/stories/ htm. Information for Development Program Micro-Payment Systems and Their Application to Mobile Networks.Sections 2.5, 4.2.8, 4.8.Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Isern, Jennifer, David Porteous, Raul Hernandez-Coss, and Chinyere Egwuagu AML/CFT Regulation: Implications for Financial Service Providers That Serve Low-Income People.Focus Note 29. Washington, D.C.: Consultative Group to Assist the Poor. Kumar, Anjali, Ajai Nair, Adam Parsons, and Eduardo Urdapilleta Expanding Bank Outreach through Retail Partnerships: Correspondent Banking in Brazil.World Bank Working Paper No. 85. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. org/inttopconf3/resources/363980retail0p101official0use0only1.pdf. Owens, John RBAP Text-a-Payment and G-Cash Cash-in/Cash-out Services: Innovative Banking Services at Your Fingertips. Parliament of Kenya (as amended through 2004). Banking Act. Reserve Bank of India Draft Guidelines on Outsourcing of Financial Services by Banks.Mumbai, India: Reserve Bank of India Circular RBI/2005 6/288: Financial Inclusion by Extension of Banking Services Use of Banking Facilitators and Correspondents.Mumbai, India: Reserve Bank of India. South African Reserve Bank Banks Act Circular 14/2004: Outsourcing of Functions within Banks.South African Reserve Bank Electronic Money. Position Paper NPS 01/2006. National Payment System Department. internet/publication.nsf/ladv/a760bb248f6804c a8fcf/$file/ecashpos_apr06.pdf. 15

16 38!"#$%&'()*+!!" CGAP!!"#$CGAP!"!"#$%& CGAP CGAP!" CGAP 1818 H Street, NW MSN Q4-400 Washington,DC USA : : !: cgap@worldbank.org 16

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