Parthasarathi Shome Pooja Sharma Editors. Emerging Economies. Food and Energy Security, and Technology and Innovation

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1 Emerging Economies

2 Parthasarathi Shome Pooja Sharma Editors Emerging Economies Food and Energy Security, and Technology and Innovation 1 3

3 Editors Parthasarathi Shome Government of India Tax Administration Reform Commission New Delhi India Pooja Sharma Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations India Habitat Centre New Delhi India ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Centre. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

4 Contents 1 Introduction and Overview... 1 Parthasarathi Shome and Pooja Sharma Part I Agriculture and Food Security 2 Recent Development Patterns and Challenges of Brazilian Agriculture Antônio Márcio Buainain and Ruiz Garcia 3 The Role of Agriculture in China s Development: Performance, Determinants of Successes and Future Challenges Jikun Huang and Scott Rozelle 4 Agriculture, Food Security and Livelihoods in India: Performance, Issues and Challenges S. Mahendra Dev 5 Dimensions of Food and Livelihood Security of Agricultural Trade: The Case of Malaysia Tengku Ariff Tengku Ahmad 6 Agriculture, Food Security and Livelihoods of the Mexican Population Under Market-Oriented Reforms Antonio Yunez-Naude Part II Energy 7 Brazilian Perspectives on Development of Clean Energy Jose Roberto Moreira v

5 vi Contents 8 Energy Development and Efficiency in China Gao Shixian 9 Indian Perspective on Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency Aparna Sawhney and Meeta Keswani Mehra 10 Reluctant Embrace: South Africa and Renewable Energy David Fig Part III Technology and Innovation 11 Evolution and Dynamics of the Brazilian National System of Innovation José E. Cassiolato 12 An Evaluation of Indigenous Innovation Policy in China Xielin Liu and Cheng Peng 13 Technological and Institutional Change: India s Development Trajectory in an Innovation Systems Framework Rajeswari S. Raina 14 The Role of the Diaspora in Supporting Innovation Systems: The Experience of India, Malaysia and Taiwan Rajah Rasiah, Yeo Lin and Anandakrishnan Muniratha 15 Unveiling Innovation Dynamics and Development Processes: A Mexican Perspective Elisa Calza and Mario Cimoli 16 Innovation Systems in Latecomer Development Sectoral Evidence from South Africa and Malaysia Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Index

6 Contributors Tengku Ariff Tengku Ahmad Economy and Technology Management Research Centre of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Antônio Márcio Buainain Instituto de Economia da Unicamp, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Elisa Calza Division of Production, Productivity and Management, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Santiago, Chile José E. Cassiolato Instituto de Economia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Mario Cimoli Division of Production, Productivity and Management, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Santiago, Chile University of Venice, Venice, Italy S. Mahendra Dev Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India David Fig Environmental Evaluation Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Ruiz Garcia Instituto de Economia da Unicamp, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Departmento de Economia, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Jikun Huang Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, China Meeta Keswani Mehra Centre for International Trade and Development, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Yeo Lin Faculty of Economics and Administration, Khazanah Nasional Chair of Regulatory Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia vii

7 viii Contributors Jose Roberto Moreira Institute of Energy and Environment, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Anandakrishnan Muniratha Faculty of Economics and Administration, Khazanah Nasional Chair of Regulatory Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Monitoring & Research Division (MRD), UN-HABITAT, Nairobi, Kenya Cheng Peng Beijing University of Forestry, Beijing, China Rajeswari S. Raina National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (CSIR-NISTADS), New Delhi, India Rajah Rasiah Faculty of Economics and Administration, Khazanah Nasional Chair of Regulatory Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Scott Rozelle Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, China Aparna Sawhney Centre for International Trade and Development, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Pooja Sharma Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India Gao Shixian Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reforms Commission, Beijing, China Parthasarathi Shome Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC), Government of India, New Delhi, India Xielin Liu School of Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Antonio Yunez-Naude Center of Economic Studies, El Colegio de Mexico (COLMEX), Mexico City, Mexico

8 About the Editors Dr. Parthasarathi Shome is chairman, Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC), Government of India, from August He was adviser to the Indian Finance Minister, Earlier, he was director and chief executive, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, Prior to that, he was chief economist, Her Majesty s Revenue & Customs (HMRC), UK, and adviser to the Indian Finance Minister, He has been member, Prime Minister s Trade & Economic Relations Committee, and permanent invitee, Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers for value-added tax (VAT) and goods and services tax (GST). He was chairman, Tax Policy and Tax Administration Advisory Group, India s Tenth Five Year Plan ( ), as well as Ninth Plan ( ). From , he was Reserve Bank of India chair professor, ICRIER, and director, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, Between , he served in various positions at the IMF, including director, IMF Regional Training Institute, Singapore, He began his professional career at American University, Washington DC, , where he rose to be professor. He has authored, edited and coedited books including Taxation Principles and Applications: A Compendium, LexisNexis, Indian Tax Administration: A Dialogue, Orient Blackswan, The G20 Macroeconomic Agenda India and the Emerging Economies, Cambridge University Press, Tax Shastra: Administrative Reforms in India, United Kingdom and Brazil, Business Standard Book, Tax Policy and Administration in South and South East Asia, Routledge, India s Fiscal Matters, Oxford University Press, Tax Policy Handbook, IMF, amongst others, and has over 50 refereed articles in journals including Journal of Economic Theory, Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, IMF Staff Papers, Journal of Public Economics, National Tax Journal, Public Finance, Journal of Developing Economies, Labor and Society, and International Social Security Review. For his contributions to tax reform in Brazil, in 2000, he was conferred Commander of the Order of the Southern Cross, the highest civilian honour of the Brazilian Government. ix

9 x About the Editors Dr. Pooja Sharma is senior fellow, ICRIER, New Delhi, since Previously she was Global Leaders Fellow, Princeton University, USA, September 2009 August 2010 and the University of Oxford, UK, She was Fellow at the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), New Delhi, , visiting research fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), New Delhi, and senior consultant, National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), New Delhi, She is associated with the University of Oxford s Global Economic Governance Programme and is a member of the Purdue University-based Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), a global network of researchers and policymakers conducting quantitative analysis of global economic issues within an economy-wide framework. Her research has focused on international economics, including quantitative analysis of international trade agreements, trade costs and the role of rules and relational forms of governance in institutions of global economic governance. Her work has been published in refereed international and national journals, edited books, flagship reports and other periodicals. Her paper Political economy of conditional aid in a federal economy, was published in international journal Review of Development Economics in Her coauthored works include: India (Chapter), in the book National Strategies for Regional Integration, Anthem Press, Agriculture at the WTO in the World Trade and Development Report by Oxford University Press.

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