Terasen Gas Inc. A subsidiary of Fortis Inc. Annual Information Form. For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 dated February 18, 2009

Transcription

1 A subsidiary of Fortis Inc. Annual Information Form For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 dated February 18,

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CORPORATE STRUCTURE... 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS... 4 DISTRIBUTION SERVICES... 4 GAS PURCHASE AGREEMENTS... 5 PEAK SHAVING ARRANGEMENTS... 5 OFF SYSTEM SALES... 5 TRANSMISSION SERVICES... 5 PROPERTIES... 6 TITLE TO PROPERTIES... 6 REGULATION... 6 UNBUNDLING... 8 FRANCHISE AND OPERATING AGREEMENTS... 8 OPERATING SUMMARY FOR TERASEN GAS... 9 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SPECIALIZED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE EMPLOYEES SEASONALITY RISK FACTORS REGULATION OPERATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT COMPETITIVENESS LABOUR RELATIONS IMPACT OF CHANGES IN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS NATURAL GAS SUPPLY CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY TRANSITION TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS INTEREST RATES EMPLOYEE FUTURE BENEFITS COUNTERPARTY CREDIT RISK FIRST NATIONS LAND DIVIDENDS DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE CREDIT RATINGS MARKET FOR SECURITIES DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS DIRECTORS OFFICERS LEGAL PROCEEDINGS REGISTRAR, TRANSFER AGENT AND TRUSTEE MATERIAL CONTRACTS INTERESTS OF INSIDERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS INTERESTS OF EXPERTS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION INDEBTEDNESS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SCHEDULE A - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 2

3 Forward Looking Statements Certain statements contained in this Annual Information Form contain forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable securities laws in Canada ( forward-looking information ). The words anticipates, believes, budgets, could, estimates, expects, forecasts, intends, may, might, plans, projects, schedule, should, will, would and similar expressions are often intended to identify forward-looking information, although not all forward-looking information contains these identifying words. The forecasts and projections that make up the forward-looking information are based on assumptions, which include but are not limited to receipt of applicable regulatory approvals and requested rate orders; no significant operational disruptions or environmental liability as a result of a catastrophic event or environmental upset, the competitiveness of natural gas pricing when compared with alternate sources of energy, continued population growth and new housing starts, the availability of natural gas supply, access to capital including no material adverse ratings actions by credit ratings agencies; interest rates and the ability to hedge certain risks including no counterparties to derivative instruments failing to meet obligations; no material change in pension expenses or funding requirements and no prejudice to the Company s rights under first nations land settlements. The forward-looking information is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or results anticipated by the forward-looking information. The factors which could cause results or events to differ from current expectations include, but are not limited to: regulatory approval and rate orders risk; operational disruptions and environmental risk; price competitiveness risk including the impact of carbon taxes or other environmental policies of government; changes in economic conditions including population changes and declining housing starts; natural gas supply risks; capital and credit ratings risk including material adverse ratings actions by credit ratings agencies, interest rate risk; counterparty credit risk including counterparties to derivative instruments failing to meet obligations; pension expense and funding risk; and first nations land settlement risk. For additional information with respect to these risk factors, reference should be made to the section entitled Risk Factors in this Annual Information Form. The forward-looking information in this Annual Information Form includes, but is not limited to, statements regarding: the Company s expectation that earnings and delivery margins will not be impacted by industrial customers choosing to arrange their own supply of natural gas or by the migration of residential suppliers to alternative commodity suppliers; the Company s expectation that unanticipated changes in sales volume can be ameliorated as a result of regulatory deferral accounts; the Company s belief that interest rate deferral accounts will absorb the impact of interest rate fluctuations; the Company s expectation that the value of future arrangements with municipalities to transfer the economic risks and rewards of ownership of distribution assets will not be material; the expectations that capital spending will not significantly decline in 2009 and the Company s expectation that compliance with environmental laws and regulations will not have a material effect on the Company s capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. All forward-looking information in this Annual Information Form is qualified in its entirety by this cautionary statement and, except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking information as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date hereof. CORPORATE STRUCTURE Terasen Gas Inc. ("Terasen Gas" or the "Company") was formed by the amalgamation on July 1, 1989 under the Company Act (British Columbia) a predecessor to the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), of Inland Natural Gas Co. Ltd. ("Inland"), B.C. Gas Inc., Columbia Natural Gas ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 3

4 Limited and Fort Nelson Gas Ltd. On July 1, 1993 pursuant to an arrangement between Terasen Gas and a subsidiary, Terasen Gas changed its name to "BC Gas Utility Ltd.". Effective April 25, 2003, the Company changed its name to Terasen Gas Inc. The head office and registered office of Terasen Gas is located at # West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4M3. Terasen Gas means Terasen Gas Inc. together with its subsidiary companies. Terasen Gas is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terasen Inc. ("Terasen"), which is in turn a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Fortis Inc. On January 1 st, 2007, the Company and one of its subsidiaries, Terasen Gas (Squamish) Inc., were amalgamated. In this annual information form, references to Terasen Gas or the Company are to Terasen Gas Inc., Terasen refers to Terasen Inc., and TGVI refers to Terasen Gas (Vancouver Island) Inc. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS Terasen Gas provides natural gas transmission and distribution service to over 100 communities in British Columbia with a service territory that has an estimated population of approximately four million. The Company is one of the largest natural gas distribution companies in Canada. As at December 31, 2008 Terasen Gas and its subsidiaries transported and distributed natural gas to approximately 834,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers, representing approximately 86 per cent of the natural gas users in British Columbia. Terasen Gas' service area extends from Vancouver to the Fraser Valley and the interior of British Columbia. The transmission and distribution business is carried on under statutes and franchises or operating agreements granting the right to operate in the municipalities or areas served. Terasen Gas is rate regulated by the British Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC). On February 26, 2007, Knight Inc. (formerly known as Kinder Morgan, Inc.), Terasen s former parent, announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with Fortis Inc. to sell Terasen and its principal natural gas transmission and distribution assets, including its subsidiaries Terasen Gas and Terasen Gas (Vancouver Island) Inc. as well as other activities including Terasen Energy Services. The sale did not include the petroleum transportation subsidiaries nor investments under the Kinder Morgan Canada name. The transaction closed on May 17, DISTRIBUTION SERVICES Natural gas distribution services are the primary source of revenue for Terasen Gas. Distribution services delivered to residential, small commercial and industrial customers are predominantly on a non-contractual basis, whereby the customers are charged based on general services provided. Larger commercial and industrial customers are normally provided with services on a contractual basis. Terasen Gas has approximately 2,375 commercial and industrial customers that arrange for some or all of their own gas supply and use Terasen Gas' transportation services for delivery. Notwithstanding shifts over time between utility supply and direct purchases, Terasen Gas' earnings remain unaffected since Terasen Gas' margins remain substantially the same whether or not customers choose to buy natural gas from Terasen Gas or arrange their own supply. Industrial transportation customers arranging for their own supply in fact reduce the credit risk to Terasen Gas. Of Terasen Gas' industrial customers, approximately 146 are on interruptible service. The majority of these customers are capable of switching to alternate fuels. Forecast variances in industrial consumption can have an impact on the Company's earnings, however forecasts are updated annually based largely on an annual survey of industrial customers. Of the various industries that comprise Terasen Gas industrial market, the pulp and paper and wood products industries combined comprise approximately 36 percent of total throughput. All other industries individually represent less than 10 percent of total throughput. Terasen Gas also owns and operates a propane distribution system in Revelstoke, B.C. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 4

5 GAS PURCHASE AGREEMENTS In order to acquire supply resources that ensure reliable natural gas deliveries to its customers, Terasen Gas purchases supply from a select list of producers, aggregators, and marketers by adhering to strict standards of counterparty creditworthiness, and contract execution/management procedures. Terasen Gas contracts for approximately 113 petajoules (PJ) of baseload and seasonal supply, of which 81 PJ is delivered off the Spectra Energy Gas Transmission ( Spectra ) system and 14 PJ is comprised primarily of Alberta sourced supply transported into British Columbia via TransCanada Pipelines Limited ( TransCanada ) Alberta and B.C. systems. The remaining 18 PJ of baseload and seasonal supply is sourced at Sumas. The majority of supply contracts in the current portfolio are seasonal for either the summer (April to October) period or winter (November to March) period with a few contracts one year or longer in length. The Spectra and TransCanada transportation tolls are regulated by the National Energy Board ( NEB ). Terasen Gas pays both fixed and variable charges for use of the pipelines, which are recovered through rates paid by Terasen Gas customers. PEAK SHAVING ARRANGEMENTS Terasen Gas incorporates peak shaving and gas storage facilities into its portfolio to: 1. Manage the load factor of baseload supply contracts throughout the year. 2. Eliminate the risk of supply shortages during a peak throughput day. 3. Reduce the cost of gas during winter months. 4. Balance daily supply and demand on the distribution system. Terasen Gas peak shaving and storage assets and contracts for 2009 include up to 30 PJ in storage capacity at various locations throughout British Columbia, Alberta and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. These facilities can deliver a maximum daily rate of 574 terajoules ( TJ ) on a combined basis. OFF SYSTEM SALES Terasen Gas contracts pipeline capacity to ensure the Company s ability to meet its obligation to supply customers under all reasonable demand scenarios. The Company is in its thirteenth year of its off-system sales activities which allow for the recovery or mitigation of costs on unutilized supply and/or pipeline capacity. In 2007/2008, Terasen Gas marketed approximately 23.5 PJ of surplus gas and 43.7 PJ of excess pipeline capacity for a net pre-tax recovery of approximately $181.5 million. Through the Gas Supply Mitigation Incentive Plan (GSMIP) established with the BCUC, $1.1 million (pre-tax) of these benefits accrued to shareholders with the remainder flowing to customers in the form of reduced natural gas costs. TRANSMISSION SERVICES Terasen Gas serves Greater Vancouver and the Fraser Valley through a transmission and distribution system which connects to the Spectra and Northwest pipeline systems near Huntingdon, British Columbia. These connections provide access to gas supplies in Northeastern BC and Alberta and to storage facilities in the Pacific Northwest. In the interior of British Columbia, Terasen Gas serves municipalities with several connections to the Spectra pipeline system. Communities in the East Kootenay region of B.C. are served through connections with TransCanada s B.C. system. The Terasen Gas Southern Crossing Pipeline between Yahk and Oliver is also connected to TransCanada s system and provides access to Alberta gas supplies. In addition, Terasen Gas provides high-pressure transmission service to customers, such as TGVI and BC Hydro, who move natural gas from the Spectra or TransCanada systems across the Company s system to their own facilities or systems and to Northwest Natural Gas who moves gas from TransCanada across the Southern Crossing Pipeline for re-delivery to Northwest Pipeline at Huntingdon. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 5

6 PROPERTIES As of December 31, 2008, Terasen Gas had 2,800 kilometres of natural gas transmission pipeline and 37,000 kilometres of natural gas distribution pipeline in service. In addition to the pipelines, Terasen Gas owns properties and equipment utilized for service shops, warehouses, metering, compressors and regulating stations, as well as its main operations centre and head office in Surrey, B.C. TITLE TO PROPERTIES Terasen Gas pipelines are constructed for the most part under highways and streets pursuant to permits or orders from the appropriate authorities, franchise or operating agreements entered into with municipalities and rights-of-way held directly or jointly with British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority ( B.C. Hydro ). Compressor stations and major regulator stations are generally located on freehold land, rights-of-way owned by Terasen Gas or properties shared with B.C. Hydro. REGULATION British Columbia Utilities Commission Gas utilities in B.C. are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the BCUC which derives its powers from the Utilities Commission Act (British Columbia) (the Act ). In addition to approving the rate base and new financings of Terasen Gas, the BCUC also approves the rates charged to customers. These rates are designed to recover the utilities' costs of providing service and to meet financial commitments of the Utility and are intended to allow the Utility an opportunity to earn a fair return on common equity. The BCUC has jurisdiction to regulate and approve the terms and conditions under which gas utilities provide service. As part of the establishment of the rates which a gas utility charges its customers, the BCUC establishes a rate base, approves a capital structure with which to finance such rate base, and is responsible for setting a fair return on the debt and equity in the approved capital structure. Rate base is the aggregate of the depreciated cost of property, plant and equipment that is used or useful in serving the public, certain deferral accounts and a reasonable allowance for working capital. The fair return is established by determining the cost of individual components of the capital structure, including return on common equity, and weighting such costs to determine an aggregate return on rate base which is currently set at 35 percent. The rates that are established and the terms and conditions of service are contained in a schedule of tariffs. Before any tariff can be put into effect, it must be filed with the BCUC. The BCUC has jurisdiction to approve or refuse any amendment submitted for filing and to determine the rates which should be charged by a utility for its services. The BCUC is required to have due regard, among other things, to fixing rates that are not unjust or unreasonable. In fixing rates the BCUC must determine that such rates reflect a fair and reasonable charge for service of the nature and quality furnished by Terasen Gas to its customers and that such rates are sufficient to yield Terasen Gas a fair and reasonable compensation for its services and a fair return on its rate base. The BCUC uses a future test year in the establishment of rates for a utility. Pursuant to this method, the Company forecasts the volume of gas that will be sold and transported, together with all of the costs of Terasen Gas (including the rate of return) that Terasen Gas will incur in the test year. Rates are fixed to permit Terasen Gas to collect all of its costs (including the rate of return) if the forecast sales and transportation volumes are achieved. The forecast sales volumes assume normal weather. Certain costs are fixed and will be incurred regardless of the actual volume of gas sold. Accordingly, if the actual volumes of gas sales are less than those forecast in the test year, Terasen Gas might not recover all of the fixed costs. Interest expense, taxes other than income taxes, depreciation and amortization, certain operations and maintenance costs, the portion of the cost of gas that is fixed such as demand charges or reservation fees, and the fixed portion of transportation costs have the effect of being virtually fixed costs. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 6

7 Two mechanisms to ameliorate unanticipated changes in sales volumes, such as changes caused by weather, have been implemented specifically for Terasen Gas. The first relates to the recovery of all gas costs through deferral accounts which capture all variances (overages and shortfalls) from forecasts. Balances are either refunded to or recovered from customers via an application with the BCUC. The deferral accounts are called the Commodity Cost Reconciliation Account ( CCRA ) and the Midstream Cost Reconciliation Account ( MCRA ). The second mechanism seeks to stabilize delivery revenues from the residential and commercial classes through a deferral account that captures variances in the forecast versus actual customer use throughout the year. This mechanism is called the Revenue Stabilization Adjustment Mechanism ( RSAM ). In February 2001, the BCUC issued guidelines for quarterly calculations to be prepared to determine whether customer rate adjustments are needed to reflect prevailing market prices for natural gas and to ensure that rate stabilization account balances are recovered on a timely basis. Terasen Gas also has in place short-term and long-term interest rate deferral accounts to absorb interest rate fluctuations. The interest rate deferral accounts which were in place during 2008 effectively fixed the interest expense on short-term funds attributable to Terasen Gas regulated assets at 5.00 percent during The effective fixed short-term interest rate for 2009 has been set at 4.25 percent. In addition to an application for approval of interim and annual rate changes, the Company may apply from time to time to the BCUC for rate changes to give effect to the changes in costs beyond the control of the utility. Important regulatory information, pertaining to decisions made by the BCUC with respect to Terasen Gas, is summarized in the following table. Dollar amounts in millions Years ended December Approved rate base $2,547 $2,510 $ 2,484 $ 2,516 $ 2,406 Deemed common equity component of 35.01% 35.01% 35.01% 35.01% 33% total capital structure Allowed rate of return on common equity 8.47% 8.62% 8.37% 8.80% 9.03% Terasen Gas allowed ROE is determined annually based on a formula that resets annually off a forecast of 30 Year Canada Bonds plus a 3.90% risk premium when the forecast yield on 30 Year Canada Bond is 5.25%. The risk premium is adjusted annually by 75% of the difference between 5.25% and the forecast yield on 30 Year Canada Bonds. For 2008, the application of the ROE formula set Terasen Gas allowed ROE at 8.62%, up from 8.37% in For 2009, the allowed ROE has been set at 8.47% for Terasen Gas Performance-Based Rate Plan (PBR) In July 2003, Terasen Gas received BCUC approval of a negotiated settlement for a PBR. The PBR Settlement established a process for determining Terasen Gas delivery charges and incentive mechanisms for improved operating efficiencies. The four-year agreement included incentives for Terasen Gas to operate more efficiently through the sharing of the benefits between Terasen Gas and its customers. The PBR Settlement included ten service quality measures designed to ensure Terasen Gas maintains adequate service levels. It also set out the requirements for an annual review process which will provide a forum for discussion between Terasen Gas and interested parties regarding its current performance and future activities. Operation and maintenance costs and base capital expenditures were subject to an incentive formula reflecting increasing costs due to customer growth and inflation, less an adjustment factor based on 50 percent of inflation during the first two years of the PBR and 66 percent of inflation during the last two years. Base capital expenditure amounts are a function of customer numbers and projected customer additions. The PBR Settlement provides for a 50/50 sharing mechanism of earnings above or below the allowed return on equity beginning in ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 7

8 In 2007, Terasen Gas applied for an extension of the PBR settlement agreement. The application requested approval to extend the existing settlement term for On March 23, 2007, the BCUC approved the application as filed. UNBUNDLING Over the past several years, Terasen Gas, the BCUC and a number of interested parties have laid the groundwork for the introduction of natural gas commodity unbundling. On November 1, 2004, commercial customers of Terasen Gas became eligible to sign up to buy their natural gas commodity supply directly from third party suppliers. Terasen Gas continues to provide delivery of the natural gas. Approximately 80,000 commercial customers are eligible to participate in commodity unbundling. By December 31, 2008, 19,800 customers elected to participate in this program. During 2006, the BCUC approved offering commodity supply choice to residential customers. The BCUC agreed to open a portion of the Province s residential natural gas market to competition, allowing homeowners to sign long-term fixed price contracts for natural gas with companies other than Terasen Gas starting in May Since November 2007 residential customers have had the option of remaining with Terasen Gas or signing with a marketer and receiving gas at the marketer s rate. Terasen Gas continues to provide delivery service to unbundled customers and delivery margins are not impacted by the migration of residential customers to alternative commodity suppliers. Approximately 748,000 residential customers are eligible to participate in commodity unbundling. At December 31, 2008, 115,500 customers had elected to participate in this program. Neither commercial nor residential unbundling has had a material effect on the delivery margins of Terasen Gas. FRANCHISE AND OPERATING AGREEMENTS Terasen Gas currently holds operating agreements with most of the incorporated municipalities in which it distributes gas in the Greater Vancouver and Fraser Valley service areas. The operating agreements are in force so long as the distribution lines of Terasen Gas are operative and do not contain any provision entitling the municipality to purchase the distribution system. No fees are payable by Terasen Gas under these operating agreements. Terasen Gas currently holds franchise or operating agreements with most of the incorporated municipalities in which it distributes gas in the interior of British Columbia. The terms of these franchise agreements ranges from 10 to 21 years. While such franchise or operating agreements are in effect, the municipalities receive franchise fees of three per cent of the gross revenue from customers in the municipality. Historically, approximately one-quarter of these franchise agreements contained a provision to the effect that at the end of the term the municipality could purchase the distribution system within the municipality as a going concern and at a price equal to the fair value of the business undertaking. If the municipality did not exercise the right to purchase or grant a new franchise or operating agreement, gas utilities would be required under the Act to continue to provide service in the municipality unless the BCUC ordered otherwise. Terasen Gas no longer has any franchise agreements that contain right to purchase provisions. Some of those franchise agreements have expired and in some other cases, an arrangement was developed to enable the transfer of economic risks and rewards of ownership to the municipality, while allowing Terasen Gas to continue to operate within the municipality. These arrangements have been entered into with five municipalities to date. In each of the transactions, Terasen Gas entered into an arrangement whereby the municipality leased Terasen Gas' gas distribution assets within the municipality's boundaries for a term of 35 years for an initial cash payment. Terasen Gas in turn entered into a 17 year operating lease with the municipality whereby Terasen Gas will operate the gas distribution assets. Terasen Gas has the option to terminate the lease of the assets to the municipality at the end of 17 years in exchange for a payment to the municipality equal to the depreciated value of the leased assets. As at December, 2008, Terasen Gas had entered into such arrangements involving a total value of $153 million, and the value of future transactions is not expected to be material. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 8

9 OPERATING SUMMARY FOR TERASEN GAS Dollar amounts in millions Years ended December 31 Revenues Residential $ 1,014.1 $ $ Commercial Small industrial Large industrial and other Total natural gas sales revenue 1, , ,429.9 Transportation Other Total natural gas revenue $ 1,664.6 $ 1,524.6 $ 1,525.3 Volumes (PJs) 1 Residential Commercial Small industrial Large industrial and other Total natural gas sales volume Transportation Other Total natural gas volume Customers at year end Residential 750, , ,598 Commercial 81,012 79,717 79,113 Small industrial Large industrial and other Transportation 2,059 2,041 1,956 Customers statistics Average use per customer (GJs) Average rate per GJ 834, , ,032 Residential Commercial Residential $ $ $ Commercial $ $ $ Natural gas purchased (PJs) Maximum day sendout (TJs) (including interruptible) 1, , ,349.6 Approved rate base $ 2,510.2 $ 2,484.4 $ 2,516.0 Degree days (Base 18 C) 2 Coastal Actual 3,043 2,889 2,714 Normal 2,758 2,726 2,765 Interior Actual 4,205 3,904 3,753 Normal 3,842 3,921 3,901 1 Volume statistics are stated in SI (metric) units 2 A degree-day is approximately equal to 18 deg C minus the daily average temperature in the corresponding region. The normal period is based on a 20-year basis. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 9

10 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Although the operations of the Company regulated by the BCUC, Canadian federal, provincial and municipal governments share jurisdiction over matters affecting safety and the environment. As a result, the Company is subject to extensive federal, provincial and municipal regulations relating to the protection of the environment including, but not limited to, wildlife, water and land protection and the proper storage, transportation, disposal and release of hazardous and nonhazardous substances. In addition, both the provincial and federal governments have environmental assessment legislation, which is designed to foster better land-use planning through the identification and mitigation of potential environmental impacts of projects or undertakings prior to and after commencement. These environmental considerations are best addressed within the context of a formal environmental management system ( EMS ). Terasen Gas has developed an EMS designed to manage the impact of its activities on the environment consistent with the guidelines of ISO 14001, an internationally recognized standard for environmental management systems. As part of its EMS, Terasen Gas is continuously establishing and implementing programs and procedures to identify potential environmental impacts, mitigate those impacts and monitor environmental performance. The EMS system also includes environmental training requirements for our employees, environmental guidelines to minimize the impacts of our operations, as well as environmental compliance. Terasen Gas has external audits of its EMS conducted on five year cycle to ensure continued compliance with ISO standards. The Company s senior executives are committed to ensuring Terasen Gas is an industry leader with respect to environmental protection and compliance with environmental policies. Health, safety and environmental issues and initiatives are reported regularly to Terasen Gas senior executives. Terasen Gas meets or exceeds legislative standards and environmental protection requirements with respect to its operations. Terasen Gas could be exposed to significant operational disruptions and environmental liability in the event of an accident involving natural gas. Terasen Gas has taken all reasonable and prudent steps to minimize its exposure in the case of a catastrophic event or environmental upset. The focus of its safety and environmental practices is to ensure reliable, cost effective, quality service with full regard for the safety of employees and the public while operating in an environmentally responsible manner. For Terasen Gas, air emissions management is the main environmental concern primarily due to the uncertainties relating to emerging federal and provincial greenhouse gas regulations. While governmental policy direction is starting to unfold, it remains to be determined to what extent a greenhouse gas emissions cap will impact Terasen Gas. To mitigate this uncertainty, Terasen Gas participates in sectoral and industry groups to help develop the emerging regulation. In addition, Terasen Gas was an active participant in Canada s Voluntary Climate Change Challenge and Registry (VCR) and its successor, the Canadian Greenhouse Gas Challenge Registry. British Columbia s recent updates to its energy plan and greenhouse gas reduction targets present risks and opportunities for Terasen. The recent Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Act (GGRTA) mandates province-wide reductions in greenhouse gases of 33% over 2007 levels. This is coupled with mandates for all new electricity generation to be net carbon neutral, and for British Columbia to be electrically self-sufficient by These requirements place significant pressure on natural gas distribution, as its direct use in space and water-heating contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Further, electricity that generally is produced from hydro sources has been given increased emphasis over natural gas for thermal applications. However, Terasen Gas continues to work with the provincial government to emphasize that efficient use of natural gas for thermal applications reduces strain on electrical grids, allowing for more efficient electricity use domestically, plus increased opportunity to export less emissions-intensive electricity to other jurisdictions. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 10

11 Energy and emissions policy in British Columbia also presents a number of risks and opportunities. The policies have created incentives to expand deployment of renewable energy (such as biogas), and to expand our Energy Efficiency and Conservation program. Additionally, the introduction of the Carbon Tax Act improves the position of natural gas relative to other fossil energy, as the tax is based on the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted per unit energy. Natural gas therefore has a lower tax rate than oil or coal products. British Columbia is a participant in the Western Climate Initiative. This group, consisting of several states and provinces, plans to implement a cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The program begins on January 1, At that time, Terasen Inc. expects to have one facility covered under this program: the Terasen Gas (Vancouver Island) Inc. transmission system. This facility will be required to reduce emissions to meet a declining cap on emissions, or to purchase emissions allowances to cover emissions over the capped amount. While allowance costs are based on market prices that have very little clarity at present, it appears likely that this facility will be a net purchaser of allowances over the near and medium term. Allowances will likely be issued to mirror the emission reduction mandate of the province, such that emissions will need to be reduced by 33% over 2007 amounts by Currently, Terasen Gas is not covered under this program. The Company has asset retirement obligations as disclosed in the Notes to the 2008 Consolidated Financial Statements. However, liabilities with respect to these asset retirements obligations have not been recorded in the 2008 Consolidated Financial Statements as they could not be reasonably estimated. Terasen Gas has detailed emergency preparedness plans in place to respond to natural disasters, accidents and emergencies, and regularly tests these plans in simulations involving employees and other emergency response organizations. The Company is also committed to monitor and assess its safety and environmental performance regularly. Terasen Gas incorporates safety performance measures into its employee compensation system, sets challenge levels and objectives for environmental performance, and conducts safety and environmental audits. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations did not have a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of Terasen Gas in 2008 and, based on current laws, facts and circumstances, is not expected to have a material effect in the future. Prudently incurred operating and capital costs, associated with complying with environmental laws and regulations, are generally recoverable in customer rates. Terasen Gas believes that it is materially compliant with environmental laws and regulations which are applicable to its operations. SPECIALIZED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE The skills and knowledge needed to operate and maintain natural gas distribution systems are key to the Company s success. These skills are currently available, and Terasen Gas has placed considerable focus in succession planning on ensuring that these skills are preserved as the Company s workforce ages and retires. EMPLOYEES Terasen Gas and its subsidiaries employed approximately 1,100 people as at December 31, The organized employees of Terasen Gas are represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and the Canadian Office and Professional Employees Union under collective agreements which expire on March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2012, respectively. SEASONALITY Because of natural gas consumption patterns, the natural gas transmission and distribution operations of Terasen Gas normally generate higher net earnings in the first and fourth quarters and lower net earnings in the second quarter, which are offset by net losses in the third quarter ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 11

12 RISK FACTORS Prospective investors in a particular offering of Securities by Terasen Gas should consider, in addition to information contained in the prospectus relating to that offering or in other documents incorporated by reference therein, the risks described below. Terasen Gas key risk factors include, but are not limited to the following: REGULATION Through the regulatory process, the BCUC approves the return on equity which Terasen Gas is allowed to earn, in addition to various other aspects of utility operations. In addition, the recovery of costs incurred in constructing and operating the gas utility is subject to the approval of the BCUC. Regulatory treatment that allows Terasen Gas to earn a fair risk adjusted rate of return comparable to that available on alternative, similar risk investments is essential for maintaining service quality as well as ongoing capital attraction and growth. Since 1994, subject to minor modifications, the allowed ROE has been set based on a formula linked directly to forecast 30 year Canada Bond yields which have steadily declined in recent years. Terasen Gas will be seeking changes to the current generic ROE adjustment mechanism and increases to deemed equity thickness to more fair and appropriate levels. The Company intends to file an application with the BCUC in the second quarter of Terasen Gas PBR settlement agreement, which has been extended through 2009, includes incentive mechanisms that provide Terasen Gas with an opportunity to earn returns in excess of the allowed return on equity determined by the BCUC. Upon expiry of the settlement agreement, there is no certainty as to whether new negotiated settlements will be entered into, or what the terms of the new settlements might be. Terasen Gas is currently preparing a rate application with anticipated filing with the BCUC in the second quarter of BCUC approval of rates for 2010, and for future years, will be required. There can be no assurance that the rate orders issued will permit the Company to recover all costs actually incurred and to earn the expected rate of return. A failure to obtain acceptable rate orders may adversely affect the business carried on by the Company, the undertaking or timing of proposed upgrades or expansion projects, the issue and sale of securities, ratings assigned by rating agencies, and other matters which may, in turn, negatively impact the Company s results of operations or financial position. It is essential that the Company maintain good relationships with its various regulators and customer representatives. OPERATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT The Company is subject to numerous laws, regulations and guidelines governing the management, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances and other waste materials and otherwise relating to the protection of the environment and health and safety. The costs arising from compliance with such laws, regulations and guidelines may be material to the Company. The process of obtaining environmental permits and approvals, including any necessary environmental assessment, can be lengthy, contentious and expensive. Potential environmental damage and costs could arise due to a variety of events and could be material if an event happened. However, there can be no assurance that such costs will be recoverable through rates and, if substantial, unrecovered costs may have a material effect on the business, results of operations, financial condition a nd prospects of the Company. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 12

13 The Company is exposed to environmental risks that owners and operators of properties in British Columbia generally face. These risks include the responsibility of any current or previous owner or operator of a contaminated site for remediation of the site, whether or not such person actually caused the contamination. In addition, environmental and safety laws make owners, operators and persons in charge of management and control of facilities subject to prosecution or administrative action for breaches of environmental and safety laws, including the failure to obtain certificates of approval. The Company has not been notified of any such regulatory action in regard to the operation or occupation of its facilities. However, it is not possible to predict with absolute certainty the position that a regulatory authority will take regarding matters of non-compliance with environmental and safety laws. Changes in environmental, health and safety laws could also lead to significant increases in costs to the Company. The Company is exposed to various operational risks, such as pipeline leaks; accidental damage to, or fatigue cracks in mains and service lines; corrosion in pipes; pipeline or equipment failure; other issues that can lead to outages and/or leaks; and any other accidents involving natural gas, which could result in significant operational disruptions and/or environmental liability. The Company believes it has taken all reasonable and prudent steps to minimize its exposure in the case of a catastrophic event or environmental upset. The Company conducts its operations utilizing an Environmental Management System which specifies impacts, control measures and audit protocols. The Company maintains comprehensive facility risk assessment, pipeline integrity management and damage prevention programs and pipeline security systems as preventive measures to mitigate the risk of a pipeline failure or other loss of system integrity. These programs are intended to reduce both the likelihood and severity of the business interruption and/or environmental liability that could result from a pipeline failure or loss of integrity. A major natural disaster, such as an earthquake affecting the Company s service area could severely damage Terasen Gas natural gas transmission and distribution systems. The Company has detailed emergency preparedness plans in place to respond to natural disasters, accidents and emergencies, and regularly tests these plans in simulations involving employees and other emergency response organizations. The Company also has an insurance program which provides coverage for business interruption, liability and property damage, although the coverage offered by this program is limited. In the event of a large uninsured loss caused by a natural disaster, the Company would apply to the BCUC for recovery of these costs through higher rates. However, there is no assurance that the BCUC will approve any such application. The actions necessary to abandon pipeline systems at the eventual end of their useful lives have not been defined and the costs of these actions may not be fully recovered in rates or tolls. Until such time as the specified requirements of abandonment and the funding mechanism for the eventual recovery of negative salvage is determined, the Company, like other Canadian pipeline systems, makes no provision for these amounts. Terasen Gas natural gas transmission and distribution systems require ongoing maintenance, improvement and replacement. Accordingly, to ensure the continued performance of the physical assets, the Company determines expenditures that must be made to maintain and replace the assets. If the systems are not able to be maintained, service disruptions and increased costs may be experienced. The inability to obtain regulatory approval to reflect in rates the expenditures which the Company believes are necessary to maintain, improve and replace their assets; the failure by the Company to properly implement or complete approved capital expenditure programs; or the occurrence of significant unforeseen equipment failures despite maintenance programs could have a material effect on the Company. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 13

14 The Company continually develops capital expenditure programs and assesses current and future operating and maintenance expenses that will be incurred in the ongoing operation. Management s analysis is based on assumptions as to costs of services and equipment, regulatory requirements, revenue requirement approvals, and other matters, which involve some degree of uncertainty. If actual costs exceed regulatory-approved capital expenditures, it is uncertain as to whether such additional costs will receive regulatory approval for recovery in future customer rates. The inability to recover these additional costs could have a material effect on the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. See Regulation for further discussion on regulatory risk. COMPETITIVENESS Prior to 2000, natural gas consistently enjoyed a substantial competitive advantage when compared with alternative sources of energy in British Columbia. However, because electricity prices in British Columbia continue to be set based on the historical average cost (primarily hydroelectric dams) of production, rather than based on market forces, they have remained low compared to market priced electricity. As a result, the price of electricity for residential customers in British Columbia is now only marginally higher than for natural gas. There is no assurance that natural gas will continue to maintain a competitive price advantage in the future. The Company employs a number of tools to reduce its exposure to natural gas price volatility. These include purchasing gas for storage and adopting hedging strategies, which include a combination of both physical and financial transactions, to reduce price volatility and ensure, to the extent possible, that natural gas commodity costs remain competitive against electric rates. Activities related to the hedging of gas prices are approved by the BCUC and gains or losses accrue entirely to customers. If natural gas pricing becomes uncompetitive with electricity prices or the price of other forms of energy, the Company s ability to add new customers could be impaired, and existing customers could reduce their consumption of natural gas or eliminate its usage altogether as furnaces, water heaters and other appliances are replaced. This may result in higher rates and, in an extreme case, could ultimately lead to an inability to fully recover the Company s cost of service in rates charged to customers. In 2008 the Government of British Columbia introduced changes to energy policy including greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and a consumption tax on carbon based fuels that impact the competitiveness of natural gas versus non-carbon based energy sources or alternate energy sources. It did not, however, introduce carbon tax on imported electricity generated through the combustion of carbon based fuels. The future impact of these changes in energy policy may have a material impact on the competitiveness of natural gas relative to other energy sources. There can be no assurance that the current regulatory-approved flow through mechanisms in place allowing for the flow through of the cost of natural gas will continue to exist in the future. An inability of the Company to flow through the full cost of natural gas could materially affect the Company s results of operations, financial position and cash flows. LABOUR RELATIONS Approximately 75% of the employees of the Company are members of labour unions that have entered into collective bargaining agreements with the Company. The provisions of such collective bargaining agreements affect the flexibility and efficiency of the business carried on by the Company. The Company considers its relationships with its labour unions to be positive but there can be no assurance that current relations will continue in future negotiations or that the terms under the present collective bargaining agreements will be renewed. The inability to maintain, or to renew, the collective bargaining agreements on acceptable terms could result in increased labour costs or service interruptions arising from labour disputes, that are not provided for in approved rates and that could have an adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flow and net income of the Company. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 14

15 IMPACT OF CHANGES IN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Typical of utilities, economic conditions in the Company s service territories influence energy sales. Energy sales are influenced by economic factors such as changes in employment levels, personal disposable income, energy prices and housing starts. New customer additions at the Company are typically a result of population growth and new housing starts, which are affected by the state of the provincial economy. The Company is also affected by changes in trends in housing starts from single family dwellings to multi-family dwellings, for which natural gas has a lower penetration rate. Housing starts in 2008 were more moderate compared to the previous number of years, and the growth of new multi-family housing starts continues to significantly outpace that of new single-family housing starts. Higher energy prices can dampen economic activity and reduce consumption by customers. Natural gas and crude oil prices are closely correlated with natural gas and crude oil exploration and production activity in certain of the Company s service territories. The level of these activities can influence energy demand. An extended decline in economic conditions would be expected to have the effect of reducing demand for energy over time. The regulated nature of Terasen Gas, including various mitigating measures approved by regulators, helps to reduce the impact that lower energy demand, associated with poor economic conditions, may have on the Company s earnings. However, a severe and prolonged downturn in economic conditions could materially affect the Company despite regulatory measures available for compensating for reduced demand. For instance significantly reduced energy demand in the Company s service territories could reduce capital spending which would in turn impact rate base and earnings growth. Despite current depressed economic conditions, which are expected to continue during 2009, the Company does not anticipate any significant decrease in capital spending in NATURAL GAS SUPPLY The Company is dependent on a limited selection of pipeline and storage providers, particularly in the Vancouver and Fraser Valley areas where the majority of the Company s natural gas distribution customers are located. Regional market prices have been higher from time to time than prices elsewhere in North America as a result of insufficient seasonal and peak storage and pipeline capacity to serve the increasing demand for natural gas in B.C. and the U.S. Pacific Northwest. In addition, the Company is critically dependent on a single source transmission pipeline. In the event of a prolonged service disruption on the Spectra transmission system, the Company s residential customers could experience outages, thereby affecting revenues and incurring costs to safely relight customers. CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY The Company s financial position could be adversely affected if it fails to arrange sufficient and cost-effective financing to fund, among other things, capital expenditures and the repayment of maturing debt. The ability to arrange sufficient and cost-effective financing is subject to numerous factors, including the results of operations and financial position of the Company, conditions in the capital and bank credit markets, ratings assigned by rating agencies, adequate allowed rates of return on equity granted by the BCUC and general economic conditions. Funds generated from operations after payment of expected expenses (including interest payments on any outstanding debt) will not be sufficient to fund the repayment of all outstanding liabilities when due as well as all anticipated capital expenditures. There can be no assurance that sufficient capital will continue to be available on acceptable terms to fund capital expenditures and to repay existing debt. ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 2008 Page 15