The Four Pillars of U.S. Retirement

Transcription

1 October 2006 Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series The Four Pillars of U.S. Retirement A Framework to Discuss How Americans Will Prepare for and Live in Retirement

2 Prudential has prepared these materials to advance the discussion about the critical topic of preparing for retirement security and not to provide personalized advice. This document outlines products beyond those offered by Prudential. It does not serve to offer advice on product offerings that are suitable for every customer. You should consult your financial services professional to develop a retirement security strategy that takes into consideration your personal situation. Prudential Financial, its affiliates and representatives do not provide tax or legal advice. You should consult your tax or legal advisor regarding your particular circumstances.

3 The Four Pillars of U.S. Retirement Prudential has developed the Four Pillars of U.S. Retirement as a framework to discuss how Americans will prepare for and live in retirement. The Four Pillars have their origin in the traditional three-legged stool of retirement security: Social Security, Employment-Based Plans, and Personal Savings. To this, Prudential has added a fourth Pillar, Retirement Choices, to capture emerging, non-traditional tools available for today s and tomorrow s retirees. There are many investment and insurance products that can play a part in saving for retirement, generating retirement income, and protecting retirement assets. Several of these products are referenced in the Pillars below. For purposes of this paper, any given product is shown in only one Pillar. In practice, many of these products span multiple Pillars. Social Security Employment-Based Plans Personal Savings Retirement Choices A social insurance program that provides retirement benefits as well as survivor and disability benefits. Retirement plans available to individuals through their public, private, or not-for-profit employers, including: Defined Contribution plans, such as 401(k) and profit-sharing plans Defined Benefit pension plans Non-qualified and stock option plans Products and platforms for the individual investor, which can be used to supplement Social Security or employment-based plans. These include*: IRAs Annuities Bank deposits Mutual funds Individually held securities Health savings and medical spending accounts Non-traditional sources of retirement income, such as: Working in retirement Tapping into home equity Income protection and wealth transfer considerations, through products such as: Life insurance Long-term care insurance Longevity insurance (a type of life annuity) *With the exception of bank deposits, products listed are not bank guaranteed/not FDIC insured/may lose value. 1 Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

4 The Importance of a Holistic Approach For most Americans, no one Pillar is sufficient to meet retirement income needs. To save and plan effectively for a secure retirement, individuals should consider all Four Pillars. SOCIAL SECURITY Though the nature and reliability of Social Security is a hot topic today, the fact is that, on average, Social Security replaces about 42% 1 of income. On the other hand, the national discussion on Social Security brings into sharp focus the need for Americans to consider those sources of retirement income over which they have more direct control that is, the other three Pillars. EMPLOYMENT-BASED PLANS Today, fewer than one in five workers are covered by a defined benefit pension plan only, through which they can expect to receive a guaranteed retirement income. By contrast, an increasing number of workers nearly six in 10 are covered only by 401(k) or similar defined contribution plans. 2 With the shift from defined benefit to defined contribution plans, responsibility for saving for and generating a guaranteed retirement income is transferred from institutions to individuals. Among the most important things individuals covered by defined contribution plans can do today to help guarantee a secure, comfortable retirement are: Enroll at the earliest opportunity (historically, about one-quarter of workers eligible to participate in a defined contribution plan fail to do so). Contribute at least enough to get the full benefit of a company match, if one is offered, and increase contribution levels over time. Diversify among investments suitable to one s age and risk tolerance. Many plans offer programs to assist participants with these important decisions. Think income as retirement approaches, consider how best to convert your retirement accumulation into a stream of retirement income that cannot be outlived. PERSONAL SAVINGS Whether or not Americans have access to an employmentbased plan, their personal savings can be a key source of retirement income. Individuals might include assets in annuities and IRAs, as well as portions of other personal savings, in their retirement planning. RETIREMENT CHOICES Remember that there are some aspects to planning for retirement beyond saving. Workers may plan to approach retirement on a phased basis and continue working part-time. Some may rely on the equity they ve built in their homes. And, planning for retirement is more than just building as big a nest egg as possible it is also protecting those assets, eventually converting them into income, and, perhaps, passing something on to future generations. Whether saving through plans offered at their place of work or on their own, Americans should remember the basics: start saving early, save more, and seek financial advice to develop a retirement plan that encompasses each of the Four Pillars. Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series 2

5 Social Security The Social Security Act of 1935 created, among other provisions, a social insurance program to provide income for retired workers. Over time, this program was extended to dependents of retired workers and surviving dependents of deceased workers, and the scope of the system was broadened with the addition of disability insurance. The entire program is now collectively referred to as Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, or OASDI. In the context of retirement security, the retirement benefit aspect of OASDI ( Social Security ) is perhaps most relevant. Social Security provides a base level of retirement income. The higher a recipient s income, the lower the percentage of that income that will be replaced in retirement by a Social Security benefit. The average monthly payment received by today s retirees is $ The maximum monthly Social Security retirement benefit is $2,053 for a worker retiring at age 65 years and 8 months, the age at which full Social Security benefits are paid in Previous changes to Social Security to address future solvency issues resulted in the gradual raising of the age at which full benefits can be collected, from 65 in 2002 to 67 by the year The current debate on Social Security underscores the importance of: Maintaining focus on the key underlying issue: the need for Americans to adequately save and plan for generating a solid stream of retirement income Recognizing all Four Pillars of retirement security Optimizing retirement income from the Second, Third, and Fourth Pillars Percentage of Personal Income Represented by Social Security 100% Source: AARP Public Policy Institute, Sources of Income for Older Persons in 2003, November % 89.0% 45.8% 10.3% $0-$5,000 $20,000-$30,000 $75,000+ Income Level 3 Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

6 Employment-Based Plans Employment-based retirement plans are an important source of retirement wealth for U.S. workers. Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant shift in the types of plans offered by employers, away from defined benefit (DB) pension plans, and toward defined contribution (DC) plans. The growth in popularity of DC plans began in the 1980s, with the introduction of the 401(k) plan. Under the DB model, the employer, through the plan, assumes the responsibility and risk for delivering a defined benefit: a guaranteed stream of monthly income, based on a formula typically tied to participants salary and/or years of service. With DC plans, however, what is defined is not the benefit but the amount of the contribution, which comes from employees and/or the sponsor. The amount accumulated at retirement will be based on investment performance, contribution levels, participant behaviors (trading frequency, loans, withdrawals, etc.), length of participation, and other factors. By their nature, DC plans focus attention on asset accumulation rather than the creation of a guaranteed stream of retirement income. ($ Trillion) $9 $8 $7 $6 $5 $4 $3 $2 $1 $0 The transition from DB to DC plans has significant implications for individuals. While DC plans offer greater flexibility and control, individuals assume the risks associated with saving for and generating retirement income, and must make their own decisions as to contribution amounts, asset allocation, trading decisions, and payout options. DB TO DC: QUANTIFYING THE SHIFT The shift from DB to DC plans is clearly seen in the relative growth of DC vs. DB assets, as well as by statistics showing the percentage of workers covered by DB vs. DC plans over time. As indicated in the chart below, for private sector DC and DB plans, DC assets grew at a faster pace than DB assets for the period , and DC assets now exceed DB assets. Employment-Based Plans Defined Contribution $1.4 $1.5 $1.9 Defined Benefit Government Plans 1995 Source: Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, June $2.9 $1.9 $ Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series 4

7 This translates to a sharp change in the number of workers covered by DB vs. DC plans. In 1980, 60% of workers were covered by a private DB plan only and 17% were covered by a private DC plan only. By 2003, these coverage ratios had more than reversed. Percentage of Workers Covered by a Pension 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Traditional DB Plan only DC Plan only Source: Buesing, Marric, and Soto, Mauricio. The State of Private Pensions: Current 5500 Data, The Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, February 2006, Table E4. The shift away from traditional DB plans is also seen in the development of cash balance or hybrid plans. These plans, first introduced in 1988, are DB plans in which a stated percentage of employees salaries, plus interest, is credited to personal employee accounts by the plan sponsor. Cash balance plan sponsors are required to offer an annuity form of distribution among the distribution options in their plans. Like DC plans, the balance is portable if an employee leaves a company, there is no guaranteed retirement benefit, and the decision as to whether and how to draw down the balance to create retirement income is left to the individual. IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS DC plans do offer individuals more flexibility and control than DB plans. For example, DC plans are usually portable: When a worker changes jobs or retires, he or she has the option to leave assets in the plan, move them to a new employer s plan, roll them over to an IRA, or withdraw them as a lump sum. But with this flexibility and control comes significant responsibility and data would indicate that workers are not always making the right decisions to ensure a secure retirement. Only about three-quarters of workers who are eligible to participate in a DC plan actually do so. 6 Average 401(k) contribution levels are 5.4% for lowerpaid employees and 6.7% for higher-paid employees 7 ; often, contributions are not enough to earn the full company match. About three-quarters of companies provide a match, with the most typical being $0.50 or less for each dollar up to 6% of pay. 8 For 2004, the average 401(k) balance was $56,878 and the median was $19,926 not nearly enough to provide for a retirement that can last 20 years or more. 9 Only 9% of retirees who had the opportunity to receive retirement benefits in a lump sum from a DB or DC plan took an annuity option, 10 thereby generating a retirement paycheck. The good news is that employers and other plan sponsors may have the opportunity, through the design of their DC plans, to help participants help themselves for example, through automatic enrollment, by providing access to asset allocation or advice programs, and by including payout options that offer a guaranteed lifetime income stream. 5 Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

8 Personal Savings Beyond Social Security and employment-based plans, personal savings are another important source of individuals retirement security. Certain types of personal savings such as assets in Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and annuities are generally considered as dedicated retirement savings. Other types of savings cover a variety of needs, including retirement. INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS Traditional IRAs have been available since 1981 and allow tax-deductible contributions for individuals, depending upon whether the individual has an employment-based plan and the amount of the individual s income. Roth IRAs, to which contributions are non-deductible, have been in existence since Certain income limits also apply to Roth IRAs. Investment returns are tax-deferred under both forms. Withdrawals from traditional IRAs are taxable, while withdrawals from Roth IRAs are potentially tax-free. IRA, Private DC, and Private DB Assets, $4 $3 IRAs are funded either through contributions or through rollovers of tax-deferred assets from employment-based plans. These assets are generally available for rollover when employees change jobs or retire. In 2004, almost half (47%) of U.S. workers rolled their retirement assets into IRAs upon retirement. This is nearly double the percentage of job changers who rolled assets from their qualified retirement plans into IRAs upon termination. 11 IRAs have grown rapidly over the past decade, and now represent a larger pool of assets than either private DC or private DB plans. (See chart below.) The rapid growth in IRAs has been driven by rollovers from employment-based plans. Traditional IRA assets are projected to grow by $2.5 trillion between 2005 and 2010, $1.7 trillion of which is expected to be from rollovers. 12 IRAs Private DC Private DB ($ Trillion) $2 $1 Source: Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, June $0 $1.3 $1.4 $1.5 $3.7 $2.9 $ Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series 6

9 ANNUITIES Annuities are another form of personal savings that provide for tax-deferred growth. Though the concept behind an annuity is an insurance contract that can convert a pool of assets into a series of guaranteed* payments over a set amount of time or a lifetime, annuities are currently used predominantly as a vehicle to accumulate retirement savings. Annuities often have protection features, such as death benefits. Death benefits can contribute to the security of the investor s beneficiaries by ensuring they receive at least the amount invested if the annuity contract holder dies before annuity distributions begin. Death benefit options can secure market gains to protect against market volatility, or guarantee a certain amount of account growth each year that would be available to beneficiaries. Several years ago, annuity providers began introducing new protection features often referred to as living benefits which benefit annuity holders while they are still alive. Living benefit options, which are offered at an additional cost, can help protect retirement savings by locking in gains from strong investment performance and protecting invested principal against market downturns. Very recently, living benefits have been introduced that guarantee lifetime income payments without requiring annuitization; with this option, individuals can elect to receive lifetime withdrawals while still maintaining control of the remaining asset balance. A FEW FACTS ABOUT ANNUITIES: Annuities can be either fixed or variable. -A fixed annuity offers a fixed, guaranteed rate of return. -A variable annuity offers a non-guaranteed, varying rate of investment return. -Most variable annuities are actually combination products that offer fixed-rate and variable investment options. -About two-thirds of individual annuity assets are in variable annuities, and one-third in fixed annuities. 13 Annuities can be either immediate or deferred. -With an immediate annuity, a lump sum of assets is used to purchase scheduled payouts over a set amount of time or a lifetime. These payments must commence within one year of purchasing the annuity. -With a deferred annuity, contributions are made and assets may grow over time; these assets may or may not ultimately be converted into a series of payments. Annuity assets are categorized as either qualified or non-qualified. -Qualified annuity assets are held in tax-qualified retirement vehicles, e.g., IRAs and DC plans. -Non-qualified annuity assets are held by individuals outside of qualified retirement vehicles (but asset growth is still tax-deferred). -As of 2004, 58% of annuity assets (66% of variable and 41% of fixed) were in qualified vehicles. 14 Withdrawals from both non-qualified and qualified annuities may be subject to surrender charges, income taxes and, if taken prior to age 59 1 /2, an additional 10% federal income tax penalty. Since tax deferral is provided by IRAs and other qualified retirement plans, a variable annuity contract should be used to fund a qualified retirement plan to benefit from the annuity s features other than tax deferral, including lifetime income payout option, the death benefit protection, and the ability to transfer among investment options without sales or withdrawal charges. *Guarantees are dependent on the claims-paying ability of the issuing company. 7 Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

10 However, most pre-retirees do not seem to accept annuities as a solution to their need for income during retirement. A recent Prudential Financial study found that less than half of near-retirees have heard of an income (or immediate) annuity, less than one in six have a good understanding of its features and benefits, and just 9% plan to utilize the benefits of income annuities. Other than Social Security, annuities are virtually the only way for individuals not covered by DB pension plans to receive a lifetime paycheck in retirement, yet extremely low rates of annuitization persist. Based on the combination of immediate annuity sales and deferred annuities that are converted to annuity payments, it is estimated that less than 2% of total annuity assets are annuitized per year. 15 Near-Retirees Who... Have heard of income annuity 56% No/Don t Know 44% Yes Have a sound understanding of the features and benefits of an income annuity 16% Plan to convert some or all savings into a guaranteed income stream through the purchase of an annuity 9% Source: Prudential Financial, Workplace Report on Retirement Planning, OTHER PERSONAL SAVINGS In addition to assets held in IRAs and annuities, individuals save through a number of other instruments; in 2005, a total of $17.8 trillion of U.S. individual wealth was held in bank deposits, mutual funds, and individually held securities. These assets address a variety of savings objectives, including retirement Other Personal Savings $17.8 Trillion Bank Deposits $6.1 Trillion Mutual Funds $2.9 Trillion Source: Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, June Fixed Income $3.1 Trillion Equities $5.7 Trillion Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series 8

11 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Introduced at the end of 2003, Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) may become an important tool for mitigating health costs for retirees. HSAs, which are set up in conjunction with high-deductible health plans, are similar in concept to IRAs in that funds are set aside on a tax-deferred basis. Withdrawals for medical expenses (including long-term care insurance premiums) are not taxed, and funds in HSAs can be carried forward to the next year. Currently, about 7% of employers who offer health benefits offer an HSA option to their employees, and 32% indicated that they intended to offer it in Concerns have also been raised about the absolute level of savings in America; the U.S. savings rate is below that of most other developed countries. 17 A stronger focus on personal savings particularly savings for retirement is key if Americans are to enjoy financial security in their retirement years. DAY-TO-DAY NEEDS IMPACT RETIREMENT SAVINGS Though personal savings are an important source of retirement security, the reality is that more immediate needs often get in the way of saving for retirement even for those nearing retirement age: Americans Primary Financial Focus at Present Time Day-to-Day Needs Medium-Term Goals Saving for Retirement Preserving Assets, Generating Retirement Income All By Age 30s 40s 50s 60s 33% 39% 15% 13% 35% 54% 10% 1% 28% 52% 16% 4% 33% 25% 27% 15% 36% 8% 6% 50% Source: Prudential Financial, Roadblocks to Retirement, Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

12 Retirement Choices In addition to the three traditional sources of retirement income Social Security, Employment-Based Plans, and Personal Savings there is an emerging Fourth Pillar of retirement in America today: Retirement Choices. This Pillar is becoming increasingly relevant given the convergence of a few key trends: Longer retirements: -While lifespans are increasing, the average retirement age is decreasing. In the 1950s, workers retired at about age 68; by the late 1990s, the average retirement age was between 62 and The result is a longer retirement for many Americans. Rising healthcare costs and declining healthcare coverage: -Healthcare spending is rising at about four times the rate of inflation, 19 dramatically impacting the amount that older Americans are projected to have to spend on healthcare. -By 2030, health spending is expected to represent about one-third of the after-tax household income of older Americans. 20 These trends, coupled with the decreasing availability of DB plans and the general insufficiency of Americans DC plan accumulations and personal savings, give rise to some considerations that are different for today s retirees than they were for their parents. The Retirement Choices Pillar is intended to capture: Non-traditional sources of retirement income: -Working to supplement retirement income or for personal enjoyment -Tapping into home equity to fund retirement living Income protection: -Providing a more secure retirement for a surviving spouse as well as providing for future generations -Protecting retirement income from the rising costs of healthcare or long-term care RETIREMENT CHOICES: NON-TRADITIONAL SOURCES OF RETIREMENT INCOME WORKING IN RETIREMENT Some retirees wish to work during their retirement years for personal fulfillment. Many others do so out of economic need, given the trends in pension and healthcare coverage. A recent Prudential Financial survey indicates that most pre-retirees intend to work, at least part-time, in retirement: Intention of Working in Retirement Years after Retirement Work to supplement income Work for personal fulfillment 1st 10 years 72% 71% 2nd 10 years 39% 44% Source: Prudential Financial, Roadblocks to Retirement, Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series 10

13 Despite the desire and/or need to work in retirement, retirees often face impediments in trying to do so: Often, phased retirees (workers who phase into retirement by voluntarily reducing hours worked) cannot draw a pension and a salary from the same employer. 21 Almost one-third of employers do not offer health benefits for phased retirees. 22 Individuals who are receiving Social Security benefits but who have not reached full retirement age lose one dollar in benefits for every two dollars earned over $12,480. In the year they reach full retirement age, they lose one dollar in benefits for every three dollars earned over $33,240 ($2,767 per month). 23 Social Security retirement benefits become subject to income taxes if earnings exceed a threshold figure, currently $25,000 for individuals or $32,000 for couples filing taxes jointly. 24 TAPPING INTO HOME EQUITY For many seniors, their homes represent the great majority of their wealth. Seventy-eight percent of households with at least one member aged 65 or older own their own homes; for these households, home equity values average nearly 80% of net worth. 25 According to a recent survey conducted by Prudential, Americans believe that real estate values more than any other factor reviewed had helped their retirement prospects over the past five years. Additionally, almost half of respondents indicated that, within ten years after retirement, they anticipated moving to a smaller house or an area with a lower cost of living, which implies unlocking some equity in the home. For retirees who need funds but who wish to remain in their current homes, options may include reverse mortgages. With a reverse mortgage, the homeowner borrows against the value of the home. No payments are made on the loan, but interest accrues on the loan balance, which must be paid when the last owner of the property vacates, either upon death or by selling the home. 26 Expectation of Relocation in Retirement Move to a smaller house Move to a lower cost of living area 1st 10 Years After Retirement 46% 42% Source: Prudential Financial, Roadblocks to Retirement, Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

14 RETIREMENT CHOICES: PROTECTING RETIREMENT INCOME PROVIDING FOR FAMILY Just as active workers use life insurance to provide financial protection for their families against the loss of an income earner, retirees can utilize life insurance in the same way. A life insurance death benefit can serve as supplemental retirement income to a surviving spouse or dependent, who may have inadequate retirement income of his or her own and, in the case of women, have a longer life expectancy. Additionally, while the primary purpose of life insurance is to provide a death benefit, life insurance cash values may serve as a buffer to help meet retirement income needs through loan provisions, conversion to annuity, or cash surrender. Of course, accessing cash values will reduce policy values and death benefits, and may have tax consequences. Life insurance also plays a key role in estate planning. The death benefit can guarantee that something will be passed on to a retiree s heirs generally income tax free [IRC 101 (a)] regardless of the extent to which other assets were used to fund retirement living. This benefit might even serve as recompense to family members who provided for the retiree during his or her lifetime. Whether viewed as a supplemental source for retirement income, a way to provide for surviving family members and loved ones, or a way to pass something on to future generations, life insurance can help address many retirement protection needs. PROVIDING FOR LONG-TERM CARE Long-term care insurance has become an important consideration in protecting retirement savings as well as the income generated by those savings. According to 2006 Prudential research, nursing home costs can reach $165,000 to $185,000 for the average two- to three-year stay, more than the net worth of most elderly Americans. 27 In a recent Prudential survey, over 40% of respondents indicated that they believe they will need nursing home care in the latter part of their retirement. In the 1st 10 Years of Retirement In the 2nd 10 Years of Retirement Likely to Require Nursing Home Care Among Americans Years of Age Source: Prudential Financial, Roadblocks to Retirement, % 42% Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series 12

15 Significant percentages of near-retirees expressed concerns about running out of money in retirement, becoming a financial burden to their families, or having money for health care. Financial Goals Considered Very Important Among Near-Retirees Years of Age Not to run out of money in retirement 90% Not to become a financial burden to loved ones 78% Afford necessary medical care or nursing home care 70% Source: Prudential Financial company research, PROTECTING AGAINST OUTLIVING ASSETS One form of providing for late-in-life income needs is a deferred annuity which is payable at an advanced age (e.g., 85) sometimes referred to as longevity insurance. It is designed to protect retirees from outliving their retirement income. Each of the Four Pillars Social Security, Employment-Based Plans, Personal Savings, and Retirement Choices plays an important role in supporting Americans retirement security. It is important to consider all Four Pillars in saving and planning for retirement. 13 Prudential s Four Pillars of Retirement Series

16 1 Social Security Administration. Overview of the Social Security Administration, page Buesing, Marric, and Soto, Mauricio. The State of Private Pensions: Current 5500 Data, The Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, February 2006, page 3. 3 Social Security Administration Social Security Changes, Cost of Living Adjustment, October Social Security Administration Social Security Changes, Cost of Living Adjustment, October Social Security Administration. Answers to Your Questions. 6 Adams, Nevin Defined Contribution Survey, PlanSponsor Magazine, November Profit Sharing/401(k) Council of America, 48th Annual Survey of Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plans, page 1. 8 Adams, Nevin Defined Contribution Survey, PlanSponsor Magazine, November Holden, Sara, and VanDerhei, Jack. 401(k) Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2004, Investment Company Institute, September 2005, page Sondergeld, Eric. Public Misperceptions About Retirement Security, LIMRA, February 2005, page Cerulli Associates, Cerulli Quantitative Update, Retirement Markets 2005, page Cerulli Associates, Cerulli Quantitative Update, Retirement Markets 2005, pages 103 and Beatrice, Dan. The 2004 Individual Annuity Market, Sales and Assets, LIMRA, 2005, page Beatrice, Dan. The 2004 Individual Annuity Market, Sales and Assets, LIMRA, 2005, page Beatrice, Dan. The 2004 Individual Annuity Market, Sales and Assets, LIMRA, 2005, page Pasha, Shaheen. More Health Savings Accounts Offered. 17 Mandel, Michael. Our Hidden Savings, Business Week, January 17, Gendell, Murray. Retirement Age Declines Again in the 1990s, Monthly Labor Review, October 2001, page 14, table National Coalition on Health Care. Press Release: Facts on Health Insurance Costs. 20 Johnson, Richard W. Will Health Care Costs Erode Retirement Security? Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, October 2004, page AARP. Best Practices, Phased Retirement Programs, July 23, WatsonWyatt Worldwide. Executive Summary, Phased Retirement Reshaping the End of Work, 1999, page Social Security Administration. Answers to Your Questions. 24 Social Security Administration. Answers to Your Questions. 25 U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Administration on Aging. Statistics: A Profile of Older Americans, 2003 (updated 9/9/04). 26 American Association of Retired Persons. A Fact Sheet on Reverse Mortgages, page Prudential Financial research on long-term care, April Prudential Financial, Inc., Newark, NJ, USA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prudential Financial and the Rock logo are registered service marks of The Prudential Insurance Company of America and its affiliates. Securities products and services are offered by Prudential Investment Management Services LLC (PIMS). Life insurance and annuities are issued by The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Newark, NJ and its affiliates. Both are Prudential Financial companies. Investors should consider the contract and underlying portfolios' investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses carefully before investing. This and other important information is contained in the prospectuses, which can be obtained from your financial professional. You should read the prospectuses carefully before investing. IFS-A Ed. 10/2006 RTLS-D2397