The Characteristics of Participants in the TANF Program [Category-C and Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD)] in Puerto Rico in April 2016

Transcription

1 The Characteristics of Participants in the TANF Program [Category-C and Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD)] in Puerto Rico in April 2016 By Hector R. Cordero-Guzman, Ph.D. Human Service Research Partnership Puerto Rico Inter-American University and Marxe School of Public and International Affairs Baruch College City University of New York Publication Date: Friday, February 17, 2017 This publication was made possible by the Human Service Research Partnership: Puerto Rico grant to Inter-American University of Puerto Rico (Grant Number 90YR0072) from the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE), Administration for Children and Families (ACF), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). SUGGESTED CITATION: Cordero-Guzman, Hector (2017). The Characteristics of Participants in the TANF Program [Category-C and Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD)] in Puerto Rico in April San Juan: Human Services Research Partnerships Puerto Rico and Inter-American University. A previous version of this paper appears in chapter 2 on pages in TANF in Puerto Rico edited by Carmen Nazario published in San Juan (August 2016) by Human Services Research Partnerships Puerto Rico and Inter-American University. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Carmen Nazario and Marilina Wayland from Inter- American University, Wendy DeCourcey and Andrew Keefe from the Office of Policy, Research and Evaluation (OPRE) and Laura Irizarry from the Administration of Children and Families (ACF) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and Marta Elsa Fernandez, Jenice Vazquez and the staff of the Department of the Family in Puerto Rico for their kind support and access to the data. I am grateful to David Del Rio and Raul Figueroa for comments on a previous draft. All disclaimers apply. For comments or questions please write: hcordero@metro.inter.edu or hector.cordero@baruch.cuny.edu Document available at:

2 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to present and discuss the characteristics of participants in the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program in Puerto Rico [including cases in the traditional TANF Category-C program and the local equivalent of Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD)]. The TANF program provides cash assistance to individuals and families that live below poverty and are undergoing difficult economic circumstances 1. This report is part of the project on Building Human Services Research Partnerships in Puerto Rico supported by the Office of Policy, Research and Evaluation (OPRE) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The data for the report was provided by the Department of the Family, the designated TANF Agency in Puerto Rico. A detailed analysis of the TANF case data for the month of April 2016 suggests that: In the months between June 2015 and April 2016 there were an average of 62,815 monthly participants in the TANF program in Puerto Rico. According to US Census data from the Puerto Rico Community Survey (PRCS 5- year file) for the period the total population in Puerto Rico was estimated at 3,638,965 and close to 1,632,416 (or 45.3%) were persons with family incomes below the federal poverty line. Close to 16% of the population in Puerto Rico is older than 65 years and close to 40% (or 230,203 persons) of the elderly are below poverty. The poverty rate for children in Puerto Rico was 57.5% with a total of 414,910 persons below 15 years of age living in poverty and 170,451 (or 37.5%) in extreme poverty or with incomes below half of the federal poverty line. Data from the Puerto Rico Community Survey (PRCS 5-year file) for the period also reveals that close to 20% of the population in Puerto Rico (or 750,168 persons) indicated some type of disability and close to 50% (or 375,751 persons) were below the federal poverty line. Approximately 218,879 persons in Puerto Rico (or 6.1% of the population) reported vision difficulty and of those close to 114,188 (or 52.2%) were below the federal poverty line. The number of TANF participants has been declining significantly over time from 65,689 in June of 2015 down to 57,973 in April 2016 for a decline of 7,716 cases over the eleven-month period or a rate of decline of close to 701 cases per month. There are 6 separate TANF categories in Puerto Rico: Category A for the elderly, Category B for blind persons, Category C also known as the regular TANF program, Category D for disabled persons, Category G, known as the general category, and the sixth Category T includes children not living with their relatives. Compared to the continental United States, the TANF program in Puerto Rico includes persons in the regular TANF program Category-C and persons that are under a program that is known in the continental United States as Aid to the Aged, 1 For related work on the TANF program in Puerto Rico see the volume TANF in Puerto Rico edited by Carmen Nazario published in San Juan (August 2016) by Human Services Research Partnerships Puerto Rico and Inter- American University. Available at TANF%20in%20Puerto%20Rico.pdf?dl=0

3 Blind and Disabled (AABD). The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program is not available in Puerto Rico. There are three large categories in the TANF program in Puerto Rico. About 16,488 (or 28.4%) of participants are in Category A covering the elderly, close to 23,439 (or 40.4%) are in Category C or the regular TANF program, and 17,651 persons (or 30.4%) are in Category D for persons with disabilities. The age distribution of participants in the TANF program by category varies significantly as some of the eligibility criteria for the various categories include age as a factor. The vast majority of TANF cases only have one adult in the household and there is not much difference across TANF categories. In TANF Category C, close to 37% of the households have one child, 38.2% of households have two children, 19.2% of the households have three children, and 5.5% of the households have four children or more. The most common answers give in terms of the type of challenge that the applicant or participants in the program were facing and that led families to participate in the program was No Tiene Ingresos Para Necesidades Basicas [does not have enough income for basic needs] with 70.1% for Category A, 69.6% for Category B, 57.3% for Category C, 67% for Category D, 42.6% for Category G, close to 53% for Category T and 63.9% for the total TANF caseload. The bulk of participants in the TANF program have completed less than a high school education and between 15% and 30%, depending on the category, have competed a high school degree. About 31.4% of participants in the TANF Category C program were young males not disabled and 30.3% were young females not disabled. Another 30.9% of participants in the regular TANF Category C were female adults not disabled. Close to 19.6% of participants in TANF program Category A for seniors were males not disabled and about 10.5% were disabled senior males. Close to 47.2% of participants were senior females not disabled, and the rest, about 21.8% of participants in TANF program Category A, were senior disabled females. In terms of TANF program Category D for disabled persons, about 46.6% of participants in this category were disabled adult males, and the other 50% were disabled adult females. In terms of overall participation in the TANF program the proportion of male adults not disabled was 1.1% or 640 cases out a total caseload of 57,973. The average monthly benefit level for participants in TANF program Category A for the elderly was $66, it was $68 for participants in TANF Category B for the blind, it was $68 for participants in TANF program Category D for the disabled, close to $32 on average for TANF program participants in Category G, and $35 on average for participants in TANF program Category D. Participants in TANF program Category C received an average monthly household benefit of $

4 2 DATA ON THE TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE TO NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) PROGRAM IN PUERTO RICO The purpose of this report is to present and discuss data on the number of cases over time and the characteristics of participants in the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program in Puerto Rico [including cases in the traditional TANF Category-C program and the local equivalent of Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD)]. The report focuses on two key questions: a) what have been the trends in participation in the TANF program in Puerto Rico over the last few years? And, b) what are the characteristics of participants in the TANF program (and its sub-categories) in Puerto Rico? The TANF program provides cash assistance to individuals and families that live below poverty and are undergoing difficult economic circumstances. This report is part of the project on Building Human Services Research Partnerships in Puerto Rico supported by the Office of Policy, Research and Evaluation (OPRE) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. One of the main goals of the project is to produce information on the characteristics of children and families living below poverty in Puerto Rico with a particular emphasis on the populations participating in the TANF program (and separately for the Head Start program) and to provide research information and support that can help improve policymaking and program practices. This paper focuses on the caseload data for the month of April 2016 and supplements reports produced by professors Rivera-Galindo and Alameda 2 comparing more detailed profiles of the changing characteristics of the population participating in the TANF program in Puerto Rico at various points over the last four years. 2.1 SOURCES OF DATA The data for the project comes from de-identified administrative records of the Department of the Family, the government agency that administers the TANF program in Puerto Rico. The Department collects information on program participants and keeps records with basic information for every case that is enrolled in the TANF program. The record includes information on the relevant dates related to the management of the case; the type of program the persons are participating in; information on the head of household and the relation of each program participant in the case to the head of household; the municipality where the person resides; the level of benefit; the number of months in the program; the age of the person; their gender; the number of adults in the household; number of children in the household; marital status of the person; whether the person has any documented disabilities; a code for the type of issue or challenge that led each case into the program; the employment status; the number of 2 See Carlos Rivera-Galindo & José I. Alameda-Lozada Profile of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families and the Current Status of the Economy of Puerto Rico Chapter 1 (Pages 3-33) in TANF in Puerto Rico edited by Carmen Nazario published in San Juan (August 2016) by Human Services Research Partnerships Puerto Rico and Inter-American University.

5 years and type of completed schooling; and whether the person receives any additional income. The data for each active recipient and case is added to the master data file every month. The period under study includes the last 11 months between June of 2015 and April 2016 but the focus of the detailed data analysis and recipient profile examines and only includes the cases that were active for the month of April The data for the questions on: a) marital status of the person\participant; b) a code for the type of issue or challenge that led each case\participant into the program; c) the employment status of the person\participant; and d) the number of years and type of completed schooling of the person\participant include a series of administrative codes in original Spanish language that do not necessarily correspond to more standard census categories and are sometimes hard to decipher or translate. This report presents these administrative data in original form to give the reader a sense of the various categories used and the range of answers given. The report also tries to provide relevant translations in this text and in the footnotes to each table. The Department of the Family should consider ways to standardize the data categories used in its case management and reporting and should also provide clear guidance and definitions to data entry personnel and case managers in order to make more efficient use of information and facilitate the sharing, analysis, and interpretation of the case data. 2.2 TYPES OF TANF PROGRAMS IN PUERTO RICO TANF cases in Puerto Rico are listed under six different type of sub-programs: Category A provides support for persons older than 65 years of age that meet the eligibility criteria for TANF and is labeled ancianos [elderly] ; Category B provides support for blind persons that meet TANF eligibility criteria and is labeled ciegos [blind] ; Category C, known as regular TANF, provides support for children from birth until the age of 18 and the caretaking adults in their family; Category D provides support for persons older than 18 with a total and permanent disability that meet other TANF eligibility requirements and is labeled incapacitados [disabled] ; Category G provides support for adults that have a temporary disability and to children under 18 with a permanent disability that meet other TANF eligibility criteria and is labeled general ; and Category T provides support for children up until the age of 18 that do not live with their relatives and is labeled ninos con tutores [children with caregivers]. The income eligibility criteria for these programs is very similar and includes individuals and families that live below the Federal poverty threshold and only have access to minimal assets or other economic resources to sustain themselves and meet their basis needs. Each of the programs supports a different sub-population based on age and disability status and there are separate program categories for the elderly (Category A), blind persons (Category B), regular TANF (low income parents with dependent minor children in Category C), disabled persons (Category D), the general Category (Category G), and the sixth category that includes children not living with their relatives (Category T). The Department of the Family does the screening, determines eligibility, and administers the certification and the process of enrolling into and participating in the TANF program in Puerto Rico.

6 3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS BY PROGRAM TYPE According to US Census data from the Puerto Rico Community Survey (PRCS 5-year file) for the period the total population in Puerto Rico was estimated at 3,638,965 and close to 1,632,416 (or 45.3%) were persons with family incomes below the federal poverty line 3. Close to 16% of the population in Puerto Rico is older than 65 years of age and close to 40% of them (or 230,203 persons) are below poverty. The poverty rate for children in Puerto Rico was 57.5% with a total of 414,910 persons below 15 years of age living in poverty and 170,451 (or 37.5%) in extreme poverty or with incomes below half of the federal poverty line. Data from the Puerto Rico Community Survey (PRCS) also reveal that close to 20% of the population in Puerto Rico (or 750,168 persons) indicated some type of disability and close to 50% (or 375,751 disabled persons) were below the federal poverty line. Approximately 218,879 persons in Puerto Rico (or 6.1% of the population) reported vision difficulty and, of those, close to 114,188 (or 52.2%) were below the federal poverty line. Given the different eligibility rules for the various TANF sub-categories we would expect significant demographic variation in the characteristics of participants depending on the type of TANF program that they are eligible for and enrolled in. The data presented in this report do confirm that demographic characteristics of clients vary depending on the specific TANF subcategory that the participants are enrolled in. 3.1 TANF AND EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN PUERTO RICO SINCE 2005 In January of 2005 the TANF (Category C) caseload in Puerto Rico was 42,836 4 and the number of persons employed was 1,202, The TANF caseload declined through most of 2005 and 2006 as the local economy continued to grow during the early part of the 2000s with employment peaking in Unemployment in Puerto Rico began to increase in late 2006 and the TANF caseload started to increase a few months later in Figure 1 shows a lag effect between declines in employment in and increases in TANF (Category C) participation after By October of 2011 the TANF (Category C) caseload had peaked at 44,344 cases and the number of persons employed had decreased to 1,024,496 or a decline in employment of close to 180,000 persons. Employment in Puerto Rico declined steadily for the entire decade between 2006 and 2016 and by April 2016 the number of persons employed had been reduced to 1,003,196. The TANF caseload also started a steady decline around 2012 and the caseload had declined from 44,344 cases in October 2011 to 23,439 cases in April By 3 See Cordero-Guzman, Hector, Raul Figueroa and Alberto Velazquez (2016). Poverty in Puerto Rico: A Socio Economic and Demographic Analysis (309 pages). San Juan, PR: Inter-American University Press. Available at 4 See TANF data for 50 States and territories at (Accessed 1/24/2017) 5 See BLS Data for Puerto Rico at (Accessed 1/24/2017)

7 September 2016 the number of persons employed had declined to 997,999 and the number of TANF Category C cases was at 21,867. The data suggest that the TANF program provided a safety net as Puerto Rico s economy started its decline in 2006 but, over time, employment continued to decline while, since 2011, the TANF caseload also started to go down steadily. Figure RECENT TRENDS IN TANF PARTICIPATION BY PROGRAM TYPE The components of the observed declines in TANF participation in Puerto Rico can be seen more clearly in Figure 2. On the right hand axis the scale includes the total number of participants in TANF and it declines from over 79,000 in November 2012 to 58,000 total participants by April Specific changes for the three largest TANF sub-programs (Category A for the Elderly [Ancianos], Category C for TANF program [ TANF] and Category D for Disabled [Incapacitados]) are presented individually and plotted on the left hand scale. The data suggest that the steepest decline has been for the TANF Category C program from 39.7 to 23.4 thousand cases. Participants in TANF Category D for Disabled [Incapacitados] declined from 23.7 to 17.6 thousand cases while Category A for the Elderly [Ancianos] was the only category to increase from 14.5 to 16.4 thousand participants. Figure 2

8 3.3 NUMBER OF TANF\AABD PARTICIPANTS BETWEEN JUNE 2015 AND APRIL 2016 Compared to a poverty population that includes 1,632,416 persons with family incomes below the federal poverty line (or 45.3% of Puerto Rico s population) the number of families and children that participate in the TANF\AABD program in Puerto Rico is relatively small. In the months between June 2015 and April 2016 there were an average of 62,815 monthly total participants in the TANF program but the data in Table 1 6 suggest that the number of participants has been declining significantly over time from 65,689 in June of 2015 down to 57,973 in April 2016 for a decline of 7,716 cases over an 11-month period--a rate of 701 fewer cases per month. Table 1-Number of TANF Cases in Puerto Rico by Month Cumulative Frequency Valid Percent Percent , , , , , , , , , , , Given challenging economic and labor market conditions in Puerto Rico in recent years, the decline in the number of TANF cases is puzzling and the reasons for the decline are not immediately clear. TANF enrollment could be declining due to lower entry rates into the program, faster exit rates [due to employment or other reasons] or other forms of attrition, more cases reaching the 60-month (5 year) time limit, or some other factor like outmigration or other demographic changes that reduce the size of the eligible population. It is critical to separate between the effects of changing population needs, changing demographics and eligibility, or changes related to access to the TANF program. Additional research should be conducted to examine what factor or combination of factors have led to a steady decline in TANF cases in Puerto Rico in recent years and whether the trend has continued in recent months. 3.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROGRAM IN APRIL 2016 BY TANF PROGRAM CATEGORY Table 2 7 shows that in the month of April 2016, there were about 57,973 total participants in the TANF program in Puerto Rico. About 16,488 (or 28.4%) in Category A covering the elderly; about 194 (or.3%) in Category B covering the blind; close to 23,439 (or 40.4%) in 6 Cases by month and year 7 TANF Category

9 Category C or the regular TANF program; approximately 17,651 persons (or 30.4%) in Category D for persons with disabilities; about 101 persons (.2%) in Category G or the general program; and 100 persons (.2%) in Category T persons under 18 not living with their relatives. The largest category, with about 40.4% of the cases, is Category C or the regular TANF program, the second largest category with 30.4% of the cases is Category D for persons with disabilities, and the third largest category is Category A for the elderly with about 28.4% of the participants. Categories B, G, and T are relatively small and together amount for less than 1% of all TANF cases in Puerto Rico. Table 2-TANF Participants by Program Type (April 2016) Frequency Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Ancianos (Category A) 16, Ciegos (Category B) TANF (Category C) 23, Incapacitado (Category D) 17, General (Category G) Ninos con (Category T) , Participants in the TANF program receive their grants on a monthly basis ( Emision ) but there are provisions in the program that enable supplementary payments (Emision Suplementaria ). Table 3 8 shows that supplementary payments accounted for about 7.7% of the total payments with a slightly higher proportion for the disabled (at 10.7%) and the general category at 12.9%. EMISION REGULAR EMISION SUPLEME NTARIA Table 3-Tipo de emisión del servicio por categoria de emisión/servicio Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 97.6% 95.4% 90.8% 89.3% 87.1% 97.0% 92.3% Count % within 2.4% 4.6% 9.2% 10.7% 12.9% 3.0% 7.7% % within de emisión/servicio % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 3.5 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICIPANTS IN APRIL Type of Emission

10 In terms of the gender composition of the various TANF categories we can see in Table 4 9 that overall about 37.8% of the participants in the TANF program in Puerto Rico were males ( hombre ) and about 62.2% of the participants were female ( mujer ). In Category A, about 69.5% of the participants were female; Category B is more evenly balanced with 47.4% female; in Category C close to 65.1% of the participants were female; and Category D includes 51.9% female. The last two categories, Category G and Category T have 46.5% female and 56% female respectively. The categories that include persons with disabilities have a more even gender balance compared to Category A for the elderly and Category C that includes the regular TANF program which have a much higher proportion of females at 69.5% and 65.1% respectively. Hombre Mujer Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 30.5% 52.6% 34.9% 48.1% 53.5% 44.0% 37.8% Count % within 69.5% 47.4% 65.1% 51.9% 46.5% 56.0% 62.2% Count % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 4-Genero por de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. Figure 3 The age distribution of participants in the TANF program by category is shown in Table 5 10 and varies significantly as some of the eligibility criteria for the various sub-categories include age as a factor. Category A for the elderly includes persons that are over 65 years of age; Category B for blind persons includes participants across a wide range of ages; about 63% of participants in Category C are younger than 19 years of age and another 30% are between the 9 Gender by type of program 10 Age by type of program

11 ages of 20 and 39. Participants in Category D for persons with disabilities concentrate in the ages between 30 and 69 years of age with about 40% being between 50 and 59 years of age. The bulk of participants in the general Category G and Category T are persons under the age of 19 years. 0 to 9 10 to to to to to to to to to 99 over 100 Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 0.0%.5% 39.7%.0% 29.7% 33.0% 16.2% Count % within 0.0% 2.1% 23.3%.5% 47.5% 55.0% 9.8% Count % within.0% 11.3% 17.2% 7.8% 4.0% 0.0% 9.4% Count % within.0% 10.3% 12.3% 11.8% 11.9% 3.0% 8.6% Count % within.1% 18.6% 4.5% 21.9% 3.0% 2.0% 8.6% Count % within.3% 35.6% 2.0% 40.0% 4.0% 6.0% 13.2% Count % within 33.1% 20.1%.8% 17.8% 0.0% 1.0% 15.2% Count % within 43.2% 1.5%.3%.1% 0.0% 0.0% 12.4% Count % within 18.2% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.2% Count % within 4.8% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% Count % within.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 5-s Edad por categoria de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. Table 6 11 presents the data in broad age groups and shows that close to 99% of the participants in the Category A for the elderly were over age 65; 93.3% of participants in 11 Age groups by type of program

12 Category B for the blind are persons between the ages of 18 and 64 years of age; 62.1% of participants in the regular TANF Category C are under the age of 17 and 37.4% are between the ages of 18 and 64. Close to 98.9% of participants in the TANF program Category D for persons with disabilities are between the ages of 18 and 64 while 75.2% of participants in TANF Category G were under the age of 17 and 85% of participants in Category T were under the age of 17. Clearly, the TANF Category C program serves a high proportion of children and a more limited number of parents. Lo thru thru 64 Differences in age by type of TANF program are confirmed in Figure 4 below that shows differences in the average age of participants for each TANF category. Figure 4 Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 0.0% 1.5% 62.1%.0% 75.2% 85.0% 25.4% Count % within 99.2% 5.2%.5% 1.1% 0.0% 1.0% 28.8% % within Table 6-Age Groups por de emisión/servicio % within.8% 93.3% 37.4% 98.9% 24.8% 14.0% 45.8% 65 and over Count de emisión/servicio % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

13 The information on head of household presented in Table 7 12 and in Figure 5 suggests that close to 90% of participants in Category A were considered heads of household ( Jefe de Familia ), 74.4% of participants in Category B for the blind, 32.6% of participants in TANF regular Category C were considered as heads of household, about 78.4% of TANF participants in Category D were considered heads of household, about 14.9% of participants in Category G and close to 18% of participants in Category T were considered heads of household. The other category included in the table Miembro refers to member of the household. The number of household heads in TANF C is relatively modest at 7,640 cases out of a total of 23,439 cases in that category and a total TANF caseload of 57,973 persons. Miembro Jefe de Familia Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 10.0% 25.3% 67.4% 21.6% 85.1% 82.0% 37.0% Count % within 90.0% 74.7% 32.6% 78.4% 14.9% 18.0% 63.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 7 Jefe de Familia por categoria de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. Figure 5 12 Head of Household by type of program

14 Data on the number of adults in the household in Table 8 13 suggest that the vast majority of TANF cases only have one adult in the household and there is not much difference for the other main TANF categories Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 0.0% 1.0% 1.4% 0.0% 54.5% 72.0%.8% Count % within 96.8% 95.9% 90.6% 96.5% 23.8% 26.0% 94.0% Count % within 3.2% 3.1% 7.6% 3.5% 17.8% 2.0% 5.1% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.3%.0% 4.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 8-Cantidad de adultos por de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. In terms of the number of children in the household shown in Table 9 14 the focus will be on Category C were about 37% of households had one child, 38.2% of households had two children, 19.2% of the households have three children, and 5.5% of the households have four children or more. There are very few to no children in TANF categories A (elderly), B (blind) and D (disabled) Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 100.0% 97.9%.0% 99.9% 1.0% 3.0% 59.2% Count % within 0.0% 2.1% 37.0%.1% 87.1% 84.0% 15.3% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 38.2% 0.0% 6.9% 13.0% 15.5% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 19.2% 0.0% 5.0% 0.0% 7.8% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.3% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 9-Cantidad de niños por categoria de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. 13 Number of adults in household by type of program 14 Number of children in household by type of program

15 The information on the marital status of participants in the TANF program shown in Table suggests that there are significant differences by TANF category. These differences reflect age variation across the categories but also reflect different incidences and rates by type of TANF program. The overwhelming majority of participants in the TANF program, close to 65.7%, were considered single ( Soltero ) and the proportion varies by TANF category from a low of 46.5% for participants in TANF program Category A for the elderly to 63.9% for Category B for the blind, 81.9% for participants in the regular TANF program Category C and 62% of participants in Category D for the disabled. Table 10-Estado Civil por categoria de emisión/servicio ADOL MADRE ADULTO-SOLTERA CASADO CASADO/SEPARADO RELACION DE CONVIVENCIA DIVORCIADO MENOR EMANCIPADO MADRE SOLTERA MENOR NA OTRO ESTADO CIVIL PADRE SOLTERO MENOR RELA SEPARADO SOLTERO VIUDO de emisión/servicio. Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within.6%.5% 2.2%.8% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% Count % within 15.0% 11.9% 3.2% 9.5% 5.9% 3.0% 8.5% Count % within.7% 1.0%.9% 1.4% 2.0% 0.0% 1.0% Count % within 2.5% 4.6% 4.0% 4.6% 12.9% 1.0% 3.8% Count % within 13.7% 10.8% 2.1% 12.5% 0.0% 1.0% 8.6% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within.0% 0.0% 1.6%.2% 0.0% 0.0%.7% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within.6% 0.0% 1.2%.4% 1.0% 0.0%.8% Count % within.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within 4.3% 5.2% 2.4% 6.1% 0.0% 1.0% 4.1% Count % within 46.5% 63.9% 81.9% 62.0% 78.2% 94.0% 65.7% Count % within 15.9% 2.1%.5% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 5.5% % within 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 15 Marital status by type of program

16 The proportion of TANF participants that is married reported in Table and Figure 6 varies by category from a high of 16.4% for participants in TANF program Category A for the elderly, 11.9% for participants in TANF program Category B for the blind, only about 3.2% of participants in the regular TANF Category C program, and 9.5% for participants in Category D persons with disabilities. Ancianos Ciegos Other Status Count % within 85.0% 88.1% 96.8% 90.5% 94.1% 97.0% 91.5% Married Count % within 15.0% 11.9% 3.2% 9.5% 5.9% 3.0% 8.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 11-Casado por de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. Figure 6 Ninos con Disability status is shown in Table and Figure 7 also varies significantly by TANF program category as disability is a criterion used to assign persons into a different TANF 16 Married by type of program 17 Verified disability by type of program

17 subprograms. Close to 32.6% of participants in TANF program Category A for the elderly had a verified disability (denoted as with disability on the table), 98.5% of participants in TANF program Category B for the blind had a verified disability, 5.4% of participants in the regular TANF program Category C had a verify disability, 97.5% of participants in TANF Category D had a verified disability as did 74.3% of those participating in Category G TANF program. Overall, close to 41.6% of all TANF cases in Puerto Rico had some disability including 5.4% of regular TANF Category C cases. No With Disability Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 67.4% 1.5% 94.6% 2.5% 25.7% 96.0% 58.4% Count % within 32.6% 98.5% 5.4% 97.5% 74.3% 4.0% 41.6% % within Table 12-Incapacidad verificada por categoria de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Figure 7

18 The Department of the Family in Puerto Rico collects data on the type of challenge that the applicant or participants in the program are facing and that leads families to apply and participate in the program. These data, however, do not really provide the kind of information or level of nuance that can allow us to examine the particular social context and circumstances that these households are going through and that leads them to enter and continue in the program. An analysis of the answers suggests that the overwhelming reason given for participating in the TANF program has to do with lack of access to income or other resources. This field likely serves as a way to flag and confirm that the income and resource eligibility criteria are met and that the verifications in the case have been made, or that other particular and relevant evidence has been submitted to the Department of the Family so that the case can be opened and remain active as needed. The potential categories for this variable shown in Tables 13a and 13b 18 include: Necesidad De Albergue [needs shelter], Ref. Ayuda Legal [referred by legal aid], Persona Sin Direccion [person without address], Persona Con Direccion [person with address], Desempleo [unemployed], Desahucio Vivienda [evicted from home], Desempleo E Incapacidad [unemployed and disabled], No Tiene Ingresos Necesidades Basicas [does not have income for basic needs], No Dinero Para Pagar Agua/Luz/Renta [does not have income to pay water, electricity or rent], Necesidad Otros Articulos Uso Person/Hog [needs personal or household items], Poco/No Ingreso/Recursos Para Necesidades (Unidad Familiar) [little or no income for family needs], Necesidad De Sosten Economico [needs economic support], Compl. Estudios Secundarios/Superior-Ref [completing studies], Empleado Publico Cesanteado [laid off government worker], Familia Necesita Vivienda [family needs housing], Huelga Empleados/Lugar Empleo [strike in workplace], Indocumentado [without documents], Informacion Sobre Servicios De Agencias [information about agency services], Referido Oficina de Seg.Soc. [referred by social security office], Informacion Protegida [protected information], Limitacion Fisica o Mental [physical or mental limitation], Nec.Dinero Serv. Med,Transp,R- Xs,Lab [needs money for medical necesities], Menor Necesidades Especiales [minor with special needs], Problema No Aplica [problem does not apply], Niños Abandonados Por Uno o Ambos Padres [children abandoned by one or more parents], No Acepta Accion [does not accept action], Otras Necesidades y/o Servicios [other needs or services], Perdio Empleo Por Lim Fisica/Mental [lost job due to physical or mental limitation], Perdida Vivienda Por Fuego/Inund/Desas [lost housing due to fire, flooding, disaster], Solicitud Para Localizar Familiares [looking for relatives], Anciano/Incapacitado Sin Vivienda [elderly/disabled without housing], Vivienda Pesimas Condiciones-Ref. [housing in substandard conditions]. The most common answers give in terms of the type of challenge that the applicant or participants in the program face and that lead families to participate in the program was No Tiene Ingresos Necesidades Basicas [does not have income for basic needs] with 70.1% for Category A, 69.6% for Category B, 57.3% for Category C, 67% for Category D, 42.6% for Category G, close to 53% for Category T and 63.9% for the total TANF caseload. The second most common category was Poco/No Ingreso/Recursos Para Necesidades (Unidad Familiar) 18 Main challenge by type of program

19 [little or no income for family needs] with 16.6% for Category A, 15.5% for Category B, 18.6% for TANF Category C, 17.6% for Category D, 17.8% for Category G, 14.0% for Category T and 17.7 % for the total TANF caseload. The third most popular category was Problema No Aplica [problem does not apply] which likely refers to young children who are not coded individually but get the code assigned to their head of household. Table 13a-Código de problema del beneficiario por categoria de emisión/servicio (Parte 1) NECESIDAD DE ALBERGUE de emisión/servicio. Ancianos Ciegos Ninos con Count REF. AYUDA LEGAL PERSONA SIN DIRECCION PERSONA CON DIRECCION DESEMPLEO DESEMPLEO E INCAPACIDAD NO TIENE INGRESOS NECESIDADES BASICAS NO DINERO PARA PAGAR AGUA/LUZ/RENTA NECESIDAD OTROS ARTICULOS USO PERSON/HOG POCO/NO ING/REC PARA NECESID.(UNID.FAMI) NECESIDAD DE SOSTEN ECONOMICO ED15 EDPA COMPL. ESTUDIOS SECUNDARIOS/SUPERIOR-REF EMDE EMDI EMPLEADO PUBLICO CESANTEADO FAMILIA NECESITA VIVIENDA INDOCUMENTADO INFORMACION PROTEGIDA % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 0.0%.3% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF.2% 0.0%.0%.8% 0.0% 0.0%.3% Count % within TANF.3% 0.0%.4%.8% 0.0% 0.0%.5% Count % within TANF.3%.5%.1% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0%.5% Count % within TANF 70.1% 69.6% 57.3% 67.0% 42.6% 63.0% 63.9% Count % within TANF 1.7%.5% 1.1% 1.4% 4.0% 1.0% 1.3% Count % within TANF.7%.5% 1.1%.7% 1.0% 2.0%.9% Count % within TANF 16.6% 15.5% 18.6% 17.6% 17.8% 14.0% 17.7% Count % within TANF 1.3% 2.1% 1.7% 1.4% 6.9% 2.0% 1.5% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 0.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0%.5%.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% LIMITACION FISICA O MENTAL Count NEC.DINERO SERV. MED,TRANSP,R-XS,LAB MENOR NECESIDADES ESPECIALES % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0%.5% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0% 3.3%.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.4%

20 Table 13b-Código de problema del beneficiario por categoria de emisión/servicio (Parte 2) PROBLEMA NO APLICA de emisión/servicio. Ancianos Ciegos Ninos con Count NIÑOS ABANDONADOS POR UNO Ó AMBOS PADRES OTRAS NECESIDADES Y/O SERVICIOS % within TANF 7.6% 9.8% 15.6% 7.3% 24.8% 14.0% 10.8% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.2%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF 1.0%.5%.3%.9% 1.0% 2.0%.7% PERDIO EMPLEO POR LIM FISICA/MENTAL SOLICITUD PARA LOCALIZAR FAMILIARES SADA Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% SAFI Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% SAME Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% SMCN Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% SMLF Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% SMML Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% ANCIANO/INCAPACITADO SIN VIVIENDA Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% % within TANF 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% In terms of employment status shown in tables 14a and 14b 19, The Department of the Family collects some data in order verify employment status and to ascertain the eligibility of potential participants in the program. The categories for the employment variable includes categories that are based on age, childcare responsibilities, connection to the labor market, disability status, and persons in school in part-time or full-time status. The most common categories mentioned for persons in TANF Category C were menor de 21 anios [under 21 years of age] with 38.8%, no aplica [does not apply] with 24.9%, desempleado buscando empleo [unemployed looking for work] with 13.6%, familia un solo padre cuida nino menor 6 anios [family with one parent that cares for children under 6 years of age] with 5.8%, padr/madr/enc.cuida niño<5 [father, mother caring for children under 5] with 2.7%, incapacitado fisica o mentalmente [physically or emotionally disabled] with 2.4%. padr/madr/enc.cuida niño<12 meses [father, mother caring for children under 12 months] with 2.2%, desempleado e incapacitado [unemployed and disabled] with 2.1%. 19 Employment status by type of program

21 Table 14a-Código de estatus del empleo por categoria de emisión/servicio (parte 1) PERSONA DE 60 AÑOS Ó MÁS de emisión/servicio. Ancianos Ciegos Ninos con Count % within TANF 72.6% 2.6%.6% 4.2% 0.0% 1.0% 22.1% RECIBE COMPENSACION DESEMPLEO PADR/MADR/ENC.CUIDA NIÑO<12 MESES PADR/MADR/ENC.CUIDA NIÑO<5 AÑOS O INCAP. FAM.UN SOLO PADRE CUIDA NIÑO MEN.6 AÑOS CUID Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0% 2.2%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.9% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0% 2.7%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% Count % within TANF.0%.5% 5.8%.1% 3.0% 0.0% 2.4% Count % within TANF.1% 0.0%.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.1% PADR.SOLO CON NIÑO INC.REQ.CUID.CONTINUO DESEMPLEADO MAYOR DE 50 AÑOS DESEMPLEADO MAYOR DE 60 AÑOS DESEMPLEADO E INCAPACITADO DESEMPLEADO BUSCANDO EMPLEO DESEMPLEADO NO BUSCA EMPLEO DESEMPLEO TEMPORERO Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.3%.0% 1.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF.5% 3.1%.5% 4.6% 1.0% 2.0% 1.8% Count % within TANF 8.1% 0.0%.1%.5% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5% Count % within TANF 5.3% 37.1% 2.1% 34.3% 2.0% 1.0% 12.9% Count % within TANF 2.6% 3.6% 13.6% 6.2% 9.9% 4.0% 8.2% Count % within TANF.7%.5%.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0%.8% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.0% EMBARAZO MENOR 5 MESES/COND.MED.CERTIF. EMBARAZO DE 6 MESES O MÁS CERT.MEDICA EMPLEADO HASTA 23 HORAS Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.2% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% EMPLEADO HASTA 24 HORAS Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0%

22 Table 14b-Código de estatus del empleo por categoria de emisión/servicio (parte 2) EMBA de emisión/servicio. Ancianos Ciegos Ninos con Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% EMPLEADO A TIEMPO PARCIAL Count % within TANF.2% 0.0%.3%.1% 0.0% 1.0%.2% EMPLEADO TIEMPO COMPLETO ESTUDIANTE EMPLEO A TIEMPO COMPLETO ESTUDIANTE A TIEMPO COMPLETO ESTUDIANTE A TIEMPO PARCIAL PARTICIPANTE EXENTO EN TANF ME18 Count % within TANF.1% 0.0%.6%.1% 0.0% 1.0%.3% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 1.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0%.5% 2.0%.3% 1.0% 1.0%.9% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.3%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF.0%.5%.1%.2% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.8%.1% 1.0% 6.0%.3% MENOR DE 21 AÑOS Count % within TANF.0%.5% 38.8% 1.0% 29.7% 56.0% 16.2% NO APLICA Count % within TANF 5.4% 6.2% 24.9% 4.8% 28.7% 25.0% 13.2% NEGO Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% NP20 Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% NEGOCIO PROPIO MINIMO 25 HORAS OTRO STATUS DE EMPLEO Count % within TANF.1% 0.0%.1%.1% 1.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF.4%.5%.2%.6% 1.0% 0.0%.4% INCAPACITADO FISICA/MENTALMENTE PROG. REHAB. DE ADICTO A DROGAS/ALCOHOL PREA Count % within TANF 3.6% 43.8% 2.4% 41.0% 18.8% 1.0% 14.7% Count % within TANF.0%.5%.0%.4% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% RETIRADO DE EMPLEO Count % within TANF.2% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% PARTICIPA TANF BAJO TITULO IV Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% % within TANF 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

23 As shown in tables 15a and 15b 20, the bulk of participants in the TANF program have completed less than a high school education and between 15% and 30% of the total depending on the program category have competed a high school degree. For TANF Category C it appears that close to 40% of adults had completed high school and 13% had some college experience. BACHILLERATO DOCTORADO EDUCACION ESPECIAL ESTUDIANTE ESCUELA TEC VOCACIONAL. EST.TIEMPO COMPLETO 1ER AÑO POSTSEC. EST.PARCIAL 1ER AÑO POSTSECUNDARIA EST.TIEMPO COMPLETO 2DO AÑO POSTSEC. EST.PARCIAL 2DO AÑO POSTSECUNDARIA EST.TIEMPO COMPLETO 3ER AÑO POSTSEC. EST.PARCIAL 3ER AÑO POSTSECUNDARIA EST.TIEMPO COMPLETO 4TO AÑO POSTSEC. EST.PARCIAL 4TO AÑO POSTSECUNDARIA EST.TIEMPO COMPLETO 5TO AÑO POSTSEC. EST.PARCIAL 5TO AÑO POSTSECUNDARIA Table 15a-Código de escolaridad por categoria de emisión/servicio (parte 1) Ancianos Ciegos de emisión/servicio. Ninos con Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.4% 3.6%.7% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%.8% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF.1% 1.5% 2.0% 7.2% 44.6% 5.0% 3.1% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.4%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.2% Count % within TANF 0.0% 1.0% 1.4%.2% 0.0% 0.0%.6% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.4%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.2% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.4%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.2% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 1.0%.2%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.1%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% PRIMER GRADO, ESTUDIANTE Count SEGUNDO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE % within TANF.1%.5% 5.5%.0% 3.0% 5.0% 2.3% Count % within TANF.1%.5% 4.3%.0% 1.0% 6.0% 1.8% TERCER GRADO, ESTUDIANTE Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 3.9%.1% 2.0% 9.0% 1.6% CUARTO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE Count % within TANF.2%.5% 3.6%.0% 0.0% 10.0% 1.5% QUINTO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE Count SEXTO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE SEPTIMO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE OCTAVO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE % within TANF.1%.5% 3.1%.0% 1.0% 3.0% 1.3% Count % within TANF.2% 0.0% 2.6%.1% 1.0% 6.0% 1.2% Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 2.9%.1% 3.0% 7.0% 1.2% Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 2.4%.1% 0.0% 6.0% 1.0% 20 Education status by type of program

24 Table 15b-Código de escolaridad por categoria de emisión/servicio (parte 2) NOVENO GRADO, ESTUDIANTE SEGUNDO AÑO ESCUELA SUP., ESTUDIANTE TERCER AÑO ESCUELA SUP., ESTUDIANTE CUARTO AÑO ESCUELA SUP., ESTUDIANTE GRADO ASOCIADO KINDERGARDEN MAESTRIA GRADO ESCOLAR NO APLICA PRIMER GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE SEGUNDO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE TERCER GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE CUARTO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE QUINTO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE SEXTO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE SEPTIMO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE OCTAVO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE NOVENO GRADO, NO ESTUDIANTE SEGUNDO AÑO ESCUELA SUP., NO ESTUDIANTE TERCER AÑO ESCUELA SUP., NO ESTUDIANTE CUARTO AÑO ESCUELA SUP., NO ESTUDIANTE 1ER AÑO NO EST.POSTSECUNDARIA 2DO AÑO NO EST.POSTSECUNDARIA 3ER AÑO NO EST.POSTSECUNDARIA 4TO AÑO NO EST.POSTSECUNDARIA 5TO AÑO NO EST.POSTSECUNDARIA SIN NINGUNA ESCOLARIDAD de emisión/servicio. Ancianos Ciegos Ninos con Count % within TANF.1% 0.0% 2.2%.2% 1.0% 6.0% 1.0% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0% 1.8%.1% 2.0% 5.0%.8% Count % within TANF.1%.5% 1.2%.1% 1.0% 2.0%.6% Count % within TANF.3%.5% 1.0%.5% 0.0% 2.0%.7% Count % within TANF.2% 1.0% 1.1% 1.3% 0.0% 1.0%.9% Count % within TANF 0.0% 0.0% 4.7% 0.0% 1.0% 3.0% 1.9% Count % within TANF.0% 0.0%.1%.1% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within TANF 7.9% 5.2% 17.3% 4.3% 13.9% 7.0% 10.6% Count % within TANF 4.4% 1.5%.1% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% Count % within TANF 6.1% 2.1%.1% 1.5% 0.0% 1.0% 2.3% Count % within TANF 8.7% 2.6%.1% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% Count % within TANF 8.3% 5.2%.2% 2.6% 1.0% 1.0% 3.3% Count % within TANF 7.0% 2.6%.2% 2.7% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% Count % within TANF 10.6% 5.2%.6% 4.6% 1.0% 0.0% 4.7% Count % within TANF 5.7% 5.2% 1.1% 5.0% 1.0% 1.0% 3.6% Count % within TANF 5.7% 7.7% 1.4% 4.9% 4.0% 4.0% 3.7% Count % within TANF 6.9% 7.2% 2.4% 7.3% 2.0% 0.0% 5.2% Count % within TANF 2.6% 2.6% 2.0% 3.5% 0.0% 2.0% 2.6% Count % within TANF 3.0% 4.1% 2.4% 4.7% 3.0% 0.0% 3.3% Count % within TANF 14.4% 25.3% 13.9% 30.4% 7.9% 5.0% 19.1% Count % within TANF.5% 2.6% 3.7% 3.1% 1.0% 1.0% 2.6% Count % within TANF.9% 5.2% 2.3% 3.9% 1.0% 1.0% 2.4% Count % within TANF.3% 1.0%.7% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0%.8% Count % within TANF.4%.5%.5% 1.5% 1.0% 1.0%.8% Count % within TANF.2% 0.0%.2%.5% 0.0% 0.0%.3% Count % within TANF 4.0% 3.1% 4.6% 2.2% 3.0% 0.0% 3.7% % within TANF 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

25 As part of the analysis, I combined information in the variables for gender (male or female), age category, and disability status (disabled or not disabled) to create a new variable that includes the information on all three in Table 16. If a person was age 17 and under they were labeled young, if a person was between the ages of 18 and 64 they were classified as adult and if the person was age 65 and older they were classified as senior. About 31.4% of participants in the TANF Category C program were young males not disabled and another 30.3% young females not disabled. This means that close to 61.7% of participants in TANF C were under 17 years of age. Another 30.9% of participants in the regular TANF program Category C were female adults not disabled. TANF Category C, then, is essentially a program for adult women mothers (30.9%) with their young children (61.7%). Close to 19.6% of participants in TANF program Category A for the elderly were males not disabled, about 10.5% were disabled senior males, close to 47.2% were senior females not disabled, and about 21.8% of participants in TANF program Category A were senior disabled females. In terms of TANF program Category D for disabled persons, about 46.6% of participants in this category were disabled adult males, and the other 50% were disabled adult females. In terms of overall participation in the TANF program the proportion of male adults not disabled was 1.1% or 640 cases out a total caseload of 57,973. Table 16-Gender, Age & Disability by categoria de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Missing Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% Male, Young, Not Disabled Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 31.4%.0% 4.0% 42.0% 12.8% Male, Adult, Not Disabled Count % within.3%.5% 1.7% 1.1% 5.0% 2.0% 1.1% Male, Senior, Not Disabled Count % within 19.6% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% Male, Young, Disabled Count % within 0.0% 1.5%.3% 0.0% 43.6% 0.0%.2% Male, Adult, Disabled Count % within.1% 46.9% 1.5% 46.6% 1.0% 0.0% 15.0% Male, Senior, Disabled Count % within 10.5% 3.6%.0%.4% 0.0% 0.0% 3.1% Female, Young, Not Disabled Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 30.3%.0% 2.0% 42.0% 12.3% Female, Adult, Not Disabled Count % within.3% 1.0% 30.9% 1.2% 14.9% 9.0% 13.0% Female, Senior, Not Disabled Count % within 47.2% 0.0%.3%.1% 0.0% 1.0% 13.5% Female, Young, Disabled Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.1% 0.0% 25.7% 1.0%.1% Female, Adult, Disabled Count % within.2% 44.8% 3.3% 50.0% 4.0% 3.0% 16.8% Female, Senior, Disabled Count % within 21.8% 1.5%.1%.6% 0.0% 0.0% 6.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within

26 In terms of number of persons in the household, Table shows that close to 96.8% of TANF program participants in Category A, 95.9% of TANF program participants in Category B, and 96.5% of participants in TANF program Category D were in households with only one participant in the program. Looking at TANF program Category C it appears that about 34.1% of the cases are in households with two participants, 37.4% of the cases are households with three participants, 20.7% of the cases are in households with four persons, and 7.9% are in larger households Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 96.8% 95.9%.6% 96.5% 55.4% 63.0% 57.7% Count % within 3.2% 4.1% 34.1% 3.5% 19.8% 34.0% 15.9% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 37.4%.0% 11.9% 3.0% 15.2% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 20.7%.0% 7.9% 0.0% 8.4% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 5.7% 0.0% 5.0% 0.0% 2.3% Count % within 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.5% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%.0% % within Table 17-Personas en el hogar by de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Figure 8 below includes information on the average number of children ( ninos ), adults ( adultos ), and total number of persons ( personas ) in the household for participants in the different categories of the TANF program. Figure 8 21 Number of persons in the household by type of program

27 In terms of the number of months participating in the TANF program the data presented in table suggest that participants in TANF program Category A, Category B for the blind, Category D and the two smaller categories do not appear to be on the 5-year time clock. Looking at TANF program Category C it appears that 26.5% of participants have been in the program for one year, 21.6% have been in the program for two years, 18.8% had been in the program for three years, 17.4% had been in the program for four years, and 15% are in their fifth year in the TANF program. There a very small percent of cases that appear to be in the program beyond 60 months (5-year) time limit Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 95.3% 83.5% 26.5% 87.1% 90.1% 98.0% 64.9% Count % within 1.2% 1.5% 21.6% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 9.8% Count % within.8% 2.6% 18.8% 1.8% 0.0% 2.0% 8.4% Count % within.8% 3.6% 17.4% 1.8% 2.0% 0.0% 7.8% Count % within 1.8% 8.2% 15.0% 6.3% 7.9% 0.0% 8.5% Count % within.1%.5%.3%.6% 0.0% 0.0%.3% Count % within.0% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within 0.0% 0.0%.1%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% Count % within.0% 0.0%.2%.0% 0.0% 0.0%.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % within Table 18-Anios en Programa por categoria de emisión/servicio de emisión/servicio. In terms of average number of months in the program, Figure 9 shows that participants in TANF regular program Category C have been an average for 27 months or slightly over two years. Figure 9 22 Number of years in the program by type of program

28 As seen in Table 19 23, only a very small proportion (.8%) and number of participants (463) in the TANF program of any type had some earned income ( ingreso devengado )..00 Con Ingreso Devengado Table 19-Con Ingreso Devengado por categoria de emisión/servicio Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 99.6% 100.0% 98.6% 99.6% 100.0% 98.0% 99.2% Count % within.4% 0.0% 1.4%.4% 0.0% 2.0%.8% % within de emisión/servicio % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Similarly, Table shows that only a small fraction of TANF participants (3.7%) had access to other forms of income ( con ingreso no devengado )..00 Con Ingreso No Devengado Table 20-Con Ingreso No Devengado por categoria de emisión/servicio. Crosstabulation Figure 10 below suggests that a very small proportion of less than 5% of participants in any of the categories that have direct income or receive some other form of income. Figure 10 Ninos con Ancianos Ciegos Count % within 95.5% 96.4% 96.9% 96.4% 96.0% 98.0% 96.3% Count % within 4.5% 3.6% 3.1% 3.6% 4.0% 2.0% 3.7% % within de emisión/servicio % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 23 With earned income by type of program 24 With unearned income by type of program