An Exploratory Study of finding the Different Factors Affecting Social Integration and Personal Achievement of Korean Baby boomer Volunteers

Transcription

1 An Exploratory Study of finding the Different Factors Affecting Social Integration and Personal Achievement of Korean Baby boomer Volunteers Meeryoung Kim, Ph.D Professor Department of Community Development and Welfare, Daegu Universty Director of the Institute of Aging, Daegu University, Republic of Korea

2 L o a d I n g...

3 PART 1. Descriptions - Korean babyboomers(who were born from 1955 to 1963) are approaching aging generation. - The population of Korean baby boomers is seven million and one hundred twenty thousand, which makes up 14.6 % of the country's population. - The average retirement age in Korea is 56 and when considering mandatory retirement, retirement age is at 53. It is the lowest retirement age among the OECD countries. - Korean baby boomers started retiring in 2010, and because of the increasing life expectancy, it is important for baby boomers to consider what they should do after retirement.

4 PART 1. Descriptions <Table1>The life expectancy : Statistics Korea 2011 year men women

5 PART 1. Descriptions <Table2> The expected remainder of one s life : Statistics Korea age Years (total) Years (men) Years (Women)

6 PART 1. Descriptions - The law of prohibition of age discrimination in employment had passed this year, which states that the retirement age will be Starting in 2016, the retirement age will be 60 in companies who employ more than 300 employees, and for companies who employ less than 300 employees, the new retirement age will take in effect in This law can be applied only for half of the Korean baby boomers.

7 PART 1. Descriptions Baby Boomers * The characteristics of baby boomers are as follows: - They are well educated compared to older adults in Korea. - They are the key members of Korean industrialization, so they are recognized as hard workers. Thus, they are very diligent and they are more likely to be involved in activities.

8 PART 1. Descriptions Baby Boomers - Despite the fact that they want to work, they are unable to work longer than they want when it comes retirement age in Korea. - Even though they are getting older and starting to retire, due to the long life expectancy, they want to do something for themselves and for society.

9 PART 1. Descriptions For activity theory and role theory, it is good to have some kind of role and activities in spite of their old age. Volunteering can be one way of adjusting and adapting to life after retirement. Volunteering is difficult to start at an old age, so it is important to start volunteering in their middle age. Also, there are many motivations for volunteering. Some baby boomers began volunteering for social integration and/or personal achievement as a substitute for role identity after retirement. So in this study, whether or not Korean babyboomers volunteering affected their social integration and/or personal achievement had been examined.

10 PART 1. Descriptions Social integration is when people feel like an important member of a society and have a connection with others. So, through volunteering, people will not feel isolated. Personal achievement is what people attain from doing something. Through volunteering people may feel they did something for others. It is a psychosocial feeling through helping others.

11 PART 1. Descriptions Preparation of Aging - Korea s pension system is not well-developed, so many baby boomers think about their economic status after retirement. When considering the preparation of aging, one must not only think about the economic preparation. The social and emotional preparation for older adults are also important considerations. Volunteering is an important factor for the socio-emotional preparation.

12 PART 1. Descriptions Preparation of Aging - For social integration, baby boomers want to have a role as a member of the society. - For personal achievement they want to play a role as a volunteer and helping others can be of personal accomplishment as a substitute of having a job.

13 PART 1. Descriptions The objectives of this study are 1) Exploring factors that affect Korean baby boomers volunteering on social integration and personal achievement 2) Comparing factors affecting social integration and personal achievement of Korean Baby boomers.

14 PART 2. Methods The sample size of this study is 280. The sample was collected using a population ratio of baby boomers in Seoul and the Kyungki Province, where one fifth of the Korean population live. The factors affecting social integration and personal achievement were compared using two separate hierarchical multiple regressions. As independent variables, generativity and others reaction about volunteering were used.

15 PART 2. Methods In this study demographic variables such as age, gender, job, education, income and religion and health were controlled. For independent variables, generativity was used. For volunteering variables, objective characteristicssuch as the period and frequency of volunteering were used. For subjective personal feeling about volunteering, others" reaction about volunteering,personal benefits and satisfaction of volunteering were used.

16 PART 3. Results <table3> Differences by demographic variables variables generativity period frequency achievement gender : men Women t-test -2.44* 2.94** job yes No t-test -2.57* -3.17** religion yes No t-test 2.60** *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001

17 PART 3. Results <table 4 Integration-hierarchical regression > variables model1 model2 model3 model4 b b b b Age Sex Job Education Income *** -0.52*** -0.46** Religion Health 1.06** Generativity 0.34*** 0.34*** 0.27***

18 PART 3. Results <table 4 Integration-hierarchical regression > variables model1 model2 model3 model4 b b b b Frequency Period Reaction 0.32*** Benefit Volunteering sat. 0.33* F test (7,272)= (8,271)= (10,269)= (13,266)= 2.71** 15.91*** 12.84*** 12.26*** R R 2 change F inc test *** ***

19 PART 3. Results <table 5 personal achievement-hierarchical regression> Variables model1 model2 model3 model4 b b b b Age Sex Job Education Income Religion Health 0.86** Generativity 0.21*** 0.19*** 0.05

20 PART 3. Results <table 5 personal achievement-hierarchical regression> Variables model1 model2 model3 model4 b b b b Frequency 0.58*** 0.44** Period Reaction 0.02 Benefit 0.13*** Volunteering sat. 0.63*** F test (7,272)= (8,271)= (10,269)= (13,266)= 3.87*** 9.88*** 9.93*** 18.77*** R R 2 change *** 8.10*** 35.55***

21 PART 3. Results <table 6>Comparison of regression outcomes depvar=social integration depvar=personal achievement Variables model1 model2 model3 model4 model1 model2 model3 model4 Health ** ** Generativity *** ** Freqeuncy *** Period Reaction *** Benefit *** Volunteering sat. *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001; two tail tests ** ***

22 PART 4. Findings - Hierarchical regression results show that health, generativity and satisfaction of volunteering are important factors affecting both social integration and personal achievement. However, reaction from others is the only important factor affecting social integration. On the other hand, frequency and benefit of volunteering are important factors solely for personal achievement.

23 PART 5. Conclusion 1) This study indicates that health is an important for affecting both social integration and personal achievement.. 2) Also, generativity which leads to caring of people is an important factor for explaining for both social integration and personal achievement.

24 PART 5. Conclusion 3) Furthermore, satisfaction of volunteering is an important factor of affecting for both social integration and personal achievement. So it is important for people to be satisfied with volunteering for a better outcome. 4) This study implies for social integration, reactions of both personal and of others are important. On the other hand, for personal achievement, feelings such as gaining benefit and satisfaction through volunteering are important factors. Another important factor is how often they volunteered.

25 PART 6. Implications - Depending on whether it is personal feeling or reaction of others and the characteristics of volunteering itself it affects differently on the social integration which make people feel as a member of society and personal achievement which they feel they achieve what they want to through volunteering.

26 THANK YOU