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1 Biostatistics ongitudinal Data Analysis Tom Travison ongitudinal GM with GEE - Example ain Crossover Trial Data (Text page 13) Binomial Outcome: % atients Experiencing Relief on Different Drug evels; =lacebo, = ow Analgesic, = igh Analgesic. Data Coded Group-Wise: visit trt group rel N

2 eriod 0 ercent Experiencing Relief.5 1 ain Scores connected by Group: -> trt= Variable Obs Mean Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] centrel > trt= Variable Obs Mean Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] centrel > trt= Variable Obs Mean Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] centrel Data Summary by Treatment:

3 ogistic Regression Using Gee (Stata) Recommended Syntax: xtgee outcome predictors, fam(bin N) link(logit) corr(?) robust eform Unstructured Correlation: xtgee rel low high, i(group) fam(binomial N) link(logit) robust eform corr(uns) Group and time vars: group visit Number of groups = 6 ink: logit Obs per group: min = 3 Correlation: unstructured max = 3 Wald chi2(2) = Scale parameter: 1 rob > chi2 = rel Odds Ratio Std. Err. z > z [95% Conf. Interval] low high r r

4 Independent Correlation:. xtgee rel low high, i(group) fam(binomial N) link(logit) robust eform corr(ind) ink: logit Obs per group: min = 3 Correlation: independent max = 3 Wald chi2(2) = Scale parameter: 1 rob > chi2 = earson chi2(15): Deviance = Dispersion (earson): Dispersion = rel Odds Ratio Std. Err. z > z [95% Conf. Interval] low high r r

5 Exchangeable Correlation:. xtgee rel low high, i(group) fam(binomial N) link(logit) robust eform corr(ex > ch) nolog ink: logit Obs per group: min = 3 Correlation: exchangeable max = 3 Wald chi2(2) = Scale parameter: 1 rob > chi2 = rel Odds Ratio Std. Err. z > z [95% Conf. Interval] low high r r

6 AR1 Correlation:. xtgee rel low high, i(group) fam(binomial N) link(logit) robust eform corr(ar > 1) nolog Group and time vars: group visit Number of groups = 6 ink: logit Obs per group: min = 3 Correlation: AR(1) max = 3 Wald chi2(2) = Scale parameter: 1 rob > chi2 = rel Odds Ratio Std. Err. z > z [95% Conf. Interval] low high r r rediction: See xtpred

7 Time Effect?. xtgee rel low high visit, i(group) fam(binomial N) link(logit) robust eform n > olog ink: logit Obs per group: min = 3 Correlation: exchangeable max = 3 Wald chi2(3) = Scale parameter: 1 rob > chi2 = rel Odds Ratio Std. Err. z > z [95% Conf. Interval] low high visit Example Results Robust to respecification of Correlation, Time Effect But more Exploration Advised. Effect Modification via Time?. gen lvisit = low*visit. gen hvisit = high*visit. xtgee rel low high visit lvisit hvisit, i(group) fam(binomial N) link(logit) > robust eform nolog ink: logit Obs per group: min = 3 Correlation: exchangeable max = 3 Wald chi2(4) = Scale parameter: 1 rob > chi2 = rel Odds Ratio Std. Err. z > z [95% Conf. Interval] low high visit lvisit hvisit

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