Unit 5 Notes. National Economic Performance
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1 Unit 5 Notes National Economic Performance
2 Economic Indicators Economic Indicators are statistics that economists use to determine the health of a nation s economy. We are going to focus on three statistics in this unit. Inflation Unemployment Gross Domestic Product
3 Inflation Inflation is defined as the increase in the general price level for goods and services over a period of time. When prices rise faster than income, buyers lose purchasing power.
4 Types of Inflation Demand-pull inflation - Occurs when consumers want to buy more goods than producers can supply. The Fed will try to create this to reduce unemployment. Cost-push inflation - Occurs when producers raise prices because input costs increase. Example: The price of a latte at Starbucks increases because the price of coffee beans increase.
5 Calculating the Inflation Rate The inflation rate is calculated by determining the change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI is a statistical measure of the price of everything in a market basket of about 80,000 goods and services. Rate of Inflation = [CPI(new)-CPI(old)]/CPI(old)*100
6 Calculating the Inflation Rate The CPI for August 2013 is The CPI for August 2012 is Use the data above to calculate the inflation rate for the last 12 months.
7 Calculating the Inflation Rate = / = *100 = 1.52 Rate of inflation = 1.52 In plain English, prices went up an average of 1.52% in the last 12 months.
8 Patterns of Inflation Disinflation - Prices are rising, but at a decreasing rate. Hyperinflation - Prices are rising so rapidly (>50%) that they are out of control. Germany s inflation rate after WWI was over 300%. Deflation - The general level of prices is falling.
9 Calculating the Inflation Rate On a new sheet of paper, use the CPI data on page 342 to calculate the inflation rate in Use 2004 as CPI(old), and 2005 as CPI (new). Show your work. Turn in your work when you finish.
10 The Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate - The percentage of the civilian labor force that is actively seeking work but is not employed. Unemployment Rate = unemployed/civilian labor force*100
11 The Civilian Labor Force Civilian Labor Force - The number of people aged 16 years and older that are employed or actively seeking employment. Those NOT in the civilian labor force: Armed Forces Retirees Institutionalized persons Students Disabled persons Stay-at-home parents Discouraged workers (people that have no job and have given up looking for a job.)
12 Types of Unemployment Frictional unemployment - temporary unemployment caused by the time required to move from one job to another Ex. Timmy is unemployed from the time he gets fired at Wendy s to the time he gets hired at Burger King. Seasonal unemployment - unemployment caused by a change in seasons Ex. Timmy, a construction worker, is unemployed during the winter.
13 Types of Unemployment Structural unemployment - unemployment caused by changes in the economy, such as change in consumer demand, globalization, or technology Timmy loses his job at the car wash; he is replaced by an automated car washer Cyclical unemployment - unemployment caused by changes in the business cycle Timmy loses his job during a recession; he gets re-hired when the economy recovers.
14 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP is the total dollar value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year. Does not count intermediate goods. Does not count used goods. GDP is used to measure a nation s productivity. GDP per capita is used to compare the productivity of selected countries.
15 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP = C+I+G+(X-M) C= Consumption -- household spending I = Investment -- business spending G = Government -- government spending (X-M) = Net Exports (Exports - Imports)
16 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) In the following table, list two expenditures for each GDP category: CONSUMPTION INVESTMENT GOVERNMENT NET EXPORTS
17 Measuring GDP Nominal GDP - measures total production in current year dollars Real GDP - measured total production in dollars, removing the effect of inflation GDP per capita - total production per person
18 October 30, 2013 Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Turn in this work by the end of the period. Page 345, #3 Page 362, #10, 12 Page 363, #23 (a,b,c) Page 445, #2 Work on Unit 5 Learning Guide if you finish early.
19 The Business Cycle GDP increases recovery or expansion GDP stops increasing (peak), and then... GDP decreases contraction or a recession recession - 2 consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth GDP stops decreasing (trough), and then... The cycle starts again
20 The Business Cycle G D P G r o w t h Wars are generally good for the economy. Productivity increases as the nation builds what is necessary to go to war. Recessions are indicated by two consecutive bars of negative (red) GDP growth.
21 Aggregate Supply Aggregate Supply - The total output a nation s firms are willing and able to produce, contingent on price. Aggregate Supply can be affected by: Weather changes Changes in the price of oil Technological changes
22 Aggregate Demand Aggregate Demand - The total amount of output purchased by all sectors of a nation s economy, contingent on price level. Aggregate demand can be affected by: Changes in household wealth Changes in consumer confidence Government policy
23 Changes in Aggregate Demand If aggregate demand increases, the aggregate demand curve will shift to the right. If aggregate demand increases: Prices will (increase/decrease). Unemployment will (increase/decrease).
24 Changes in Aggregate Demand If aggregate demand decrease, the aggreagate demand curve will shift to the left. If aggregate demand decreases: Prices will (increase/decrease). Unemployment will (increase/decrease).
25 Monetary/Fiscal Policies and AD Loose economic policy will cause aggregate demand (AD) to (increase/decrease). The purpose of loose economic policy is to reduce (unemployment/inflation). Tight economic policy will cause aggregate demand (AD) to (increase/decrease). The purpose of tight economic policy is to reduce (unemployment/inflation).
26 November 4, 2013 Finish and submit Unit 5 Learning Guide. Finish and submit questions assigned 10/30. Page 345, #3, Page 362, #10, 12, Page 363, #23 (a,b,c), Page 445, #2 Study for Unit 5 Test. Test is on Thursday.
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