AP Macroeconomics Unit 2: Measurement of Economic Performance 2-5. Unemployment. Unemployment
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1 1 Unemployment Business, Computers, & Information Technology Unit 2 Chapter 26 Review Identify the following: 1. What phase of the Business Cycle is the U.S. in? 2. What was the U.S. Real GDP Growth Rate last year? Name 10 rides at Disneyland 2
2 2 Goal #2 Limit Unemployment 4 What is Unemployment? The Unemployment rate The percent of people in the labor force who want a job but are not working. Unemployment rate # unemployed = # in labor force x 100 Who is in the Labor Force? 16 years old or older Able and willing to work Not institutionalized (jails, hospitals) Not in military, not in school full time, not retired Why is a stay at home mom not unemployed? 6
3 3 What is Unemployment? Total population (307.3 million) Under 16 and/or Institutionalized (71.4 million) Not in labor force (81.7 million) Employed (139.9 million) Labor force (154.2 million) Unemployment rate = # of unemployed X 100 labor force Unemployment rate = 14,265,000 X 100 = 9.3% 154,142,000 Unemployed (14.3 million) Three Types of Unemployment 10
4 4 3 Types of Unemployment 1. Frictional Unemployment You re Fired! Seasonal Unemployment 2. Structural Unemployment Technological Unemployment 3. Cyclical Unemployment This sucks! 11 3 Types of Unemployment HS or college grads looking for jobs. You re Fired! Construction workers in Michigan. Fired individuals are looking for better job. You re Fired! VCR repairmen Restaurant owners fire wait staff after months of poor sales due to recession. Auto assemblers fired/robots take over Professional Santa Clause Impersonators Carriage makers Steel workers laid off during recessions. 13
5 5 The Natural Rate of Unemployment Two of the of the three types of unemployment are unavoidable: Frictional unemployment Structural unemployment Together they make up the natural rate of unemployment (NRU). We are at full employment if we have only the natural rate of unemployment. This is the normal amount of unemployment that we SHOULD have. The number of jobs seekers equals the number of jobs vacancies. 20 The Natural Rate of Unemployment Full employment means NO Cyclical unemployment! Economists generally agree that an unemployment rate of around 4 to 6 % is full employment. 4-6% Unemployment = NRU Okun s Law: When unemployment rises 1 percent above the natural rate, GDP falls by about 2 percent Currently the U.S. is at % California is at % Reffonomics Website Current Unemployment Figures 22
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7 7 The Natural Rate of Unemployment The natural rate in France and Germany is around 8 10%. Why? Some economists attribute the difference to more generous unemployment benefits in European countries. In the U.S. unemployment benefits last for 6 months Unemployment benefits in some European countries are indefinite The generous benefits reduce incentives to search for a job Criticisms of the Unemployment Rate What is wrong with the unemployment rate? It can misdiagnose the actual unemployment rate because of the following: Discouraged job seekers- Some unemployed people stop looking for a job so they are no longer counted in the labor force. Part-Time (Underemployed) Workers- Someone who is part-time but wants to be fulltime is still considered fully employed. Race/Age Inequalities- Hispanics African American- Teenagers- Illegal Labor- Many people work under the table. 28
8 Practice FRQ 30 Paul Solman Video: Unemployment 32
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