De-risk the Defined Benefit Pensions Collaboration of all stakeholders

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2 De-risk the Defined Benefit Pensions Collaboration of all stakeholders

3 Defined benefit pension is a top issue for management FINANCIAL CRISIS INCREASING REGULATION NEED FOR GREATER CONTROL AND UNDERSTANDING 3 3

4 Pension risks are important and need to be managed jointly REGULATION INTEREST RATE LONGEVITY DESIGN FINANCIAL MARKET CURRENCY REPUTATION INFLATION OPERATION 4

5 Opportunity for HR and Finance to work together Operational risk COMMON OBJECTIVE Financial risk People risk HR to design the benefits Retain Attract Motivate Finance to fund the benefits Cost Effectiveness Efficiency Market risk Compliance risk Strategic risk

6 Pension de-risking process is dynamic Finance, Risk Management and HR need to utilize a spectrum of solutions to de-risk the risk exposure of corporate defined benefit pension benefits Design Solutions HR driven pension plan design changes to reduce future exposures Investment Solutions Finance driven investment solutions acquired to manage the investment risk exposures Insurance Solutions Risk management and finance driven insurance solutions utilised to mitigate the longevity or entire risk exposures Pension plan redesigned to reduce future accruals of risk exposures Freeze / close pension plans to reduce / eliminate future accruals Cash out participants to reduce the already accrued risk exposure Increase fixed income allocation to reduce interest rate risk exposure Increase fixed income duration to better hedge interest rate exposure Utilising derivatives to fully hedge the interest rate risk Purchase pension bulk annuities as buy-out / buy-in contracts to transfer risk exposures Utilising company s captive insurance company to centralize pension financing Utilising longevity swaps / insurance to mitigate longevity risk 6

7 De-risking Trends 7 1/4/ 201 2

8 De-risking Trends 8 1/4/ 201 2

9 De-risking Trends Freeze / Close Plan Cash out / Transfer Deferred Participants Extend Bond Duration Increase Bond Allocation Buy-in Bulk Annuities Buy-out / Settle Schemes Traditional Investment Solutions Traditional Insurance Solutions Collaboration 9 12/ 5/2 011

10 De-risking Trends Pension Annuity Pension Captive Pension Plan Pension Plan Annuity premium Annuity payment Annuity premium Insurance Company Annuity payment Insurance Company Reinsurance premium Reinsurance payment XYZ Captive 10 1/4/ 201 2

11 Collaborative Approach Current Plan Freeze / close plans Cash-out Deferreds Captive Solution Insurance Buy-in/out Current allocation Current Extend Bond Duration Increase Bond Allocation Hedged Portfolio De-risk

12 Capabilities Risk Management Experience and Expertise Global Coverage 12

13 DERISKING OF PENSION FUNDS FOCUS ON IRELAND

14 Managing DB Risk Recent financial turbulence Changes to pension regulations Marketplace focus on managing DB risk Further closure of DB accrual Increased shareholder scrutiny Wider accessibility of hedging investments

15 F.B.D IRISH CONTINENTAL GROUP UTV MEDIA TOTAL PRODUCE FYFFES BANK OF IRELAND SMURFIT KAPPA GREENCORE GROUP INDEPENDENT NEWS & MEDIA Pension Risk & Irish Corporates ISEQ companies had pension scheme deficits of c. 4bn at end 2011 Pension risk is a material issue for many Irish plcs Selected ISEQ Companies - Pension Liabilities exceeding 50% of Market Cap 350% 332% 300% 250% 200% 197% 207% 220% 150% 100% 50% 59% 62% 88% 109% 127% 0%

16 Size of Irish Pension Schemes Over 85% of pension schemes had liabilities of 50m or less at end 2010 Schemes by Minimum Funding Standard Liability - Extrapolated to 31/12/ < 1m 1m - 5m 5m - 10m 10m - 50m 50m - 100m 100m - 1bn > 1bn Source: Pensions Board Defined Benefit Survey 2010

17 Irish Pension Legislation & Regulations New regulations & guidance recently released Introduced need for schemes to hold a Risk Reserve Will likely encourage a move from equities to EU sovereign bonds Sovereign annuity concept also introduced Lack of Debt on Employer for schemes winding up in deficit

18 Pension Risk Factors to Consider Funding Strategy Investment Strategy Governance Benefit Policy Employer Covenant

19 Benefit Policy Initial area of focus for managing DB risk Range of actions taken by pension scheme sponsors, including but not limited to: Closure to new entrants Reduce future service benefits (e.g. CARE) Cease future accrual Reduce past service benefits (Section 50)

20 Benefit Policy Closures to new entrants No, 10% Considering - but unlikely, 6% Considering - likely, 8% Implemented in last 12 months or in process of, 12% Already implemented more than 12 months ago, 64% Source: Irish Association of Pension Funds Short Survey 2011

21 Benefit Policy Closures to future accrual Already implemented more than 12 months ago, 6% Implemented in last 12 months or in process of, 13% Considering - likely, 8% No, 57% Considering - but unlikely, 16% Source: Irish Association of Pension Funds Short Survey 2011

22 Funding Strategy Traditionally involved Employer paying a contribution rate that varied with scheme s funding position Many now paying maximum affordable contribution Other funding options therefore being considered Contingent Assets Unsecured Employer Undertakings To cover new Risk Reserve requirement Special Purpose Vehicles Using Company assets to generate cashflow stream

23 Investment Strategy Why take investment risk? Trustees Perspective: Excess return can improve the funding level High investment return can improve member benefits (e.g. provide discretionary benefits) Company Perspective: Higher investment returns can reduce contributions Leads to lower P&L accounting charge Although accounting rule changes remove this incentive from 2013 onwards

24 Investment Strategy Move towards lower risk assets in recent years Asset Allocation End 2003 End 2005 End 2007 End 2009 End 2011 Equities Property Other Bonds Cash Source: Irish Association of Pension Funds Asset Allocation / Investment Surveys

25 Pension Risk Risk Transfer Various ways of transferring risks associated with operating a pension scheme to the members / insurers Paying transfer values (standard or enhanced) Annuity purchase (deferred or immediate) Annuity purchase most common method, although still mostly used on scheme wind-up

26 Sep-02 Mar-03 Sep-03 Mar-04 Sep-04 Mar-05 Sep-05 Mar-06 Sep-06 Mar-07 Sep-07 Mar-08 Sep-08 Mar-09 Sep-09 Mar-10 Sep-10 Mar-11 Sep-11 Mar-12 Annuity Price Risk Transfer Annuity Purchase Traditional annuity pricing near all-time highs Historical Annuity Pricing 290, , , , , , , ,000 Date * Graph shows the cost of buying a pension of 10,000p.a. for a male aged 55, with a five year guarantee and an attaching 50% reversionary annuity (husbands assumed to be 3 years older than wives)

27 Pension Risk Focus on Sovereign Annuities Sovereign annuity concept recently launched in the Irish market Schemes have option of buying sovereign annuities Priced off Irish bond yields Leading to a material reduction in the value of pensioner liabilities (c. 20% - 30%) BUT A default / restructure of Irish sovereign debt is borne by annuity holder

28 Derisking of Pension Funds - Options Benefit management Traditional / sovereign annuities Balanced solution reflecting objectives of all stakeholders Non-cash funding Liability Driven Investment strategies Diversify sources of investment return

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