U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES\ WHOLESALE PRICES 1890 TO 1916

Transcription

1 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES\ BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ (WHOLE # \NUMBER L i f t WHOLESALE PRICES SERIES: NO. 6 WHOLESALE PRICES 1890 TO 1916 DECEMBER, 1917 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917

2 A D D ITIO N A L COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION M A Y BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE W ASHINGTON, D. C. AT 30 CENTS PER COPY

3 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction Prices of commodities in 1916 and in years Price movements of important commodities since Price movements of important commodities in Farm products Food, etc Cloths and clothing Fuel and lighting Metals Detailed tables Table A. Wholesale s of commodities from January to December, Table B. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1916, and for each month of Appendix A. Tables of weights used in computing index numbers of wholesale s for 1915 and 1916, by groups of commodities Appendix B. importance of commodities, as measured by their wholesale values in exchange in 1909 and Appendix C. Wholesale 's in Canada and Great Britain, Great Britain , 280 Canada

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5 BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. WHOLE NO WASHINGTON. DECEMBER, WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO INTRODUCTION. A bulletin dealing with wholesale s in the United States has been published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since In each of these bulletins s for the last completed year have been shown in considerable detail, while a summary has been included for all years back to The present report, covering the iod from 1890 to 1916, is the sixteenth. With a few exceptions, the commodities for which wholesale s are shown in this bulletin are identical with those appearing in the report for Substitutions of more representative articles for those previously carried have been made in several instances, as raisins, putty, lubricating oil, and one brand of laundry soap. It has been necessary, also, to make substitutions in the case of cement, lime, and news-print pa, owing to the discontinuance of quotations for these articles in the trade journal sources from which they have hitherto been obtained. In the case of denims and one variety of women s wool dress goods, substitutions have been made necessary by the withdrawal of s by manufacturers. One series for milk, omitted from the report, has been included in the present bulletin, while four series of quotations for children s shoes and one for toilet soap have been discontinued because of failure to secure satisfactory s for these articles during A slight revision of the figures for merino underwear, silver, and gasoline in recent years has been made in the present report in order that the s as published may conform to information obtained since the last report was issued. In computing the index numbers for this bulletin, the base iod from which changes are measured has been shifted to the last completed year, This change of base iod mits the use of the latest and most trustworthy information as the standard for measuring changes and also allows, whenever desirable, the addition of new articles in a satisfactory manner to those previously included in the index number. 1 Previous wholesale reports of the bureau are Bulletins Nos. 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93,99, 114,149,181, and 200.

6 6 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO The method of constructing group and general index numbers from the aggregate values of commodities exchanged year by year, employed for the first time in the preparation of the bulletin for 1914, has been continued in the present report. A full explanation of this method is contained in the appendix to the 1914 report,1but a brief account is here given in order that the statistical tables appearing in the following pages may be more readily understood. The of each article in 1916, the base year, has first been multiplied by the estimated quantity of the article marketed in the last census year, The products thus obtained have then been added, giving the approximate value in exchange in 1916 of all articles in the group or in the total list of commodities. Similar aggregate values of commodities exchanged have likewise been computed for each year from 1890 to 1915 and for each month since January, The index number for each year prior to 1916 and for each month of the years 1913 to 1916, inclusive, has been obtained by comparing the aggregate value for such month with the aggregate value for 1916, taken as 100. If, during the 27-year iod under consideration, there had been no changes in the list of commodities which comprise the index numbers, the centage changes in the cost of the different groups of commodities and of all commodities combined would be accurately measured by dividing the aggregates for 1916 directly into the corresponding aggregates for the months and years covered by the bureau s index numbers. However, in the bulletins for 1908, 1914, and 1915 a number of articles appeared for the first time, while numerous substitutions of one article for another at a different have occurred from time to time as circumstances demanded. Therefore, in carrying the index numbers back from the base iod, 1916, through a series of years, a method had to be adopted that would allow for variations in the number and kind of commodities from year to year. This method, which is identical in principle with that now being used by the bureau in its reports on retail s and on wages, consists in computing two separate aggregates for any month in which an addition or a substitution occurs the first aggregate being computed from the list of articles before making additions or substitutions, and the second aggregate from the revised list of articles. In this way comparison between any two consecutive years or months is based on aggregates made up of identical commodities only, the index number in such cases being found by following the method described in detail on page 255 of Bulletin No. 181 of the bureau. Not all of the commodity s shown in the present bulletin have been used in constructing the index numbers. Several articles of 1See Bulletin No. 181, pp. 239 to 256.

7 INTRODUCTION. 7 minor importance have been omitted because of their negligible influence upon movements. A few articles of some importance, such as steel sheets and bread, were omitted because satisfactory weighting figures could not be obtained. Still other articles, for example, beer, were omitted because sufficient quotations to insure correct results could not be collected. Of the 342 series of quotations included in the detailed tables of this bulletin, however, 296 have been weighted and used in computing the index numbers. To ascertain the quantities of the various commodities marketed in 1909, every available source, official and private, was drawn upon. In the case of articles consumed to a large extent by the producer, as corn, oats, hay, etc., only the portion actually marketed was taken. A similar plan was followed with regard to semimanufactured articles, such as cotton and worsted yarns, pig iron, and steel billets, which are used to a large extent in establishments where produced. The quantity of each article sold in the markets was ascertained as nearly as possible and used to weight the s for the different years and months. In the selection of commodities it has been the aim to choose only important and representative articles in each group. To this end, in addition to utilizing all available information from official sources, a careful inquiry was instituted in the principal market centers to determine which articles within the general class or group enter to the largest extent into exchange from year to year. The sources from which quotations have been drawn are as follows: Standard trade Journals, 191 series; leading manufacturers or their selling agents, 141 series; officials of boards of trade, etc., 8 series; a State bureau, 1 series; and a Federal bureau, 1 series. As far as possible the quotations for the various commodities have been secured in their primary markets. For example, the s quoted for live stock and most animal products are those for Chicago, wheat and flour s are mainly for Minneapolis and Kansas City, pig iron and steel for Pittsburgh, sugar for New York City, cotton and rice for New Orleans, tobacco for Louisville, Ky., etc. The following table shows the various markets in which wholesale quotations were obtained.

8 8 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able 1. N U M BER OF COMMODITIES, OR SERIES OF QU OTATIONS, CLASSIFIED B Y M A R K E TS, Market. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. House furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. Total. Boston, Mass r,hip.agn; Til.. _ i Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland/ Ohio Elgin, Gloucester, Mass Kansas City, M o La Salle, Louisville, K y... i 1 Mahoney, P a Minneapolis, M inn New Orleans, La New York, N. Y Norfolk, V a Peoria, Philadelphia, P a Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg St. Louis, M o San Francisco, Cal Toledo, Ohio Trenton, N. J Wilmington, N. C Distillery, factory, wells, etc General market T otal In the case of commodities of great importance more than one series has been included in the present bulletin. In no case, however, has an article of a particular description been represented by more than one series of quotations from the same market. For articles subject to frequent fluctuations in, such as butter, eggs, grain, live stock, meats, cotton, etc., weekly quotations have been secured, while for articles whose s are more stable only monthly quotations have been taken. These details, which are clearly brought out in the table appearing on pages 61 to 129 of the present bulletin, are summarized as follows: T able 2. N U M BER OF COMMODITIES, OR SERIES OF QU OTATION S, CLASSIFIED AS TO FREQ U E N C Y, Frequency of quotation. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. House furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. Total. W eekly M onthly T otal Concerning the classification of commodities adopted in this report, which is the same as that used in previous bulletins of the

9 INTRODUCTION. bureau, it may be said that the general plan followed with respect to raw commodities has been to group such articles according to their origin rather than according to the ultimate use to which they are put. Thus, cotton, wheat, and leaf tobacco are all classed with farm products, although in their finished state they enter into the groups designated as cloths and clothing, food, and miscellaneous, respectively. Also, certain manufactured articles, as nails and structural steel, are grouped with metals and metal products rather than with building materials. Wool, however, which is quoted in the scoured state, is included with cloths and clothing instead of farm products. Tallow, being derived from the same material as oleo oil, is included in the food group, although its principal use is in the manufacture of commodities not consumed as food. While the classification adopted may thus appear to be somewhat arbitrary, the great amount of labor involved in a rearrangement of the groups for previous years in order to make the data comparable with the present makes any revision, however desirable, impossible at this time. PRICES OF COMMODITIES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. Wholesale s in the United States, considered in the aggregate, reached new high levels in The upward trend which began in the latter part of 1915 continued without interruption through the whole of 1916, the increase being most pronounced in the closing months of the year. The bureau s weighted index number for December stood at 118, as compared with 89 for January, an increase of nearly 33 cent. The increase over the level of s in December, 1914, was more than 49 cent. During 1916 phenomenal advances were recorded in the s of many commodities belonging to the groups designated as farm products, food, cloths and clothing, fuel and lighting, and metals and metal products. Farm products, which include many food articles in the raw state, increased steadily in from January to November, with a slight decline in December. The net increase in monthly s during the year in this group was over 30 cent. Price changes in the food group closely paralleled those in farm products, a net increase of nearly 28 cent being observed between the beginning and the end of the year. Cloths and clothing s advanced rapidly throughout the year, the greatest increase being between November and December. In the fuel and lighting group a slight decline took place in May, but s again advanced in the following month and continued steeply upward until the close of the year. The December for this group was 60 cent above that for January. Metals and metal

10 10 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO products increased in from January to May, but s occurred in the next three months. In September s again advanced, the increase continuing through the remainder of the year and becoming most pronounced (16 cent) between November and December. In the remaining groups, except the one designated as miscellaneous, s in 1916 moved within somewhat narrower limits. Lumber and building materials were lowest in January and July and highest in December. Drugs and chemicals showed steady increases during the first five months, but reached the lowest point of the year in August and September. House-furnishing goods increased materially in in each quarter of the year. In the group of commodities classed as miscellaneous, including such important articles as cottonseed meal and oil, lubricating oil, malt, news-print and wrapping pa, rubber, plug and smoking tobacco, whisky, and wood pulp, s as a whole climbed steadily upward throughout the year, except for a slight drop in February. The net increase for the year in this group was approximately 27 cent. Comparing 1916 with 1915, the group of commodities showing the greatest increase in yearly s was that of metals and metal products, the increase in the group as a whole being nearly 54 cent. In the other groups the increase ifi yearly s between 1915 and 1916 was: Fuel and lighting, 33 cent; cloths and clothing, 28 cent; drugs and chemicals, 25 cent; miscellaneous, 23 cent; food, etc., 20 cent; farm products, 16 cent; house-furnishing goods, 9 cent; and lumber and building materials, 8 cent. The following table shows for each of the nine groups the number of commodities or grades of commodities for which wholesale s were obtained and the number which increased or d in in 1916 as compared with 1915: T able 3. CHANGES IN A V E R A G E PRICES FO R 1916 AS COM PARED W IT H 1915, B Y GROU PS OF COMMODITIES. Group. Number of commodities. Number of commodities showing Increase. No change. Decrease. Farm products Food etc Cloths and clothing... T Fuel and lighting Metals and metal products Lumber and building materials Drugs and chem icals House-furnishing goods Miscellaneous Total

11 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. 11 It is seen from the above table that of the 342 series secured by the bureau for 1915 and 1916 increases were reported for 318 series, and that only 13 series showed a. The articles that d less in in 1916 than in the year were oats, Pacific coast hops, evaporated apples, oranges, prunes, raisins, milk at San Francisco, molasses, olive oil (2 quotations), rice, spelter, and yellow-pine flooring. In nearly all instances the in between the two years was small, and in only two cases, those of evaporated apples and French olive oil, was it greater than 10 cent. On the other hand, decided increases between the two years were reported for many important commodities. Thus, in the farm products group, cotton at New Orleans increased 46.7 cent, No. 1 calfskins increased 56.8 cent, New York State hops increased 55.7 cent, and heavy hogs at Chicago increased 34.8 cent. Notable increases in the food group were: Beans, 45.4 cent; salt mackerel, 31.2 cent; lemons, 41.9 cent; lard, 43.3 cent; bacon (rough sides), 29.5 cent; salt mess pork, 46.1 cent; cabbage, 95.1 cent; onions, cent; and potatoes, cent. In the cloths and clothing group cotton bags increased 38.7 cent; cotton blankets, 36.6 cent; cotton flannels (2f yards to the pound), 44.5 cent; cotton yarns (10/1), 53.2 cent; denims, 53.2 cent; cale, 38.7 cent; print cloths, 45.5 cent; chrome calf leather, 57.9 cent; Italian raw silk, 63.8 cent; clay worsted 16-ounce suitings, 34.8 cent; tickings, 37.4 cent; all wool storm serge, 36.6 cent; and worsted yarns (2-40s), 33.9 cent. In the remaining groups the more conspicuous increases were for Connellsville coke, 81.8 cent; gasoline, 66.3 cent; crude petroleum, 62.4 cent; bar iron at Pittsburgh, 98.5 cent; ingot cop, 59.6 cent; cop wire, 65 cent; cut nails, 52.5 cent; Bessemer pig iron, 51.4 cent; quicksilver, 54.2 cent; steel billets, 95.8 cent; steel plates, cent; steel sheets, 57.4 cent; structural steel, 91.2 cent; tin plate, 56 cent; plain wire, 64.5 cent; plate glass (area 3 to 5 square feet), 56.2 cent; glycerin, 71.6 cent; muriatic acid, 52.8 cent; quinine, cent; sulphuric acid, 55 cent; cottonseed oil, 56.2 cent; manila wrapping pa, 62.2 cent; and wood pulp, 80 cent. These and other /changes are shown in the table on pages 130 to 260 of this bulletin. Index numbers of the several groups for the years from 1890 to 1916 and for each month of the last four years are given in Tables 4 and 5, which follow. To assistln the comparison afforded by these index numbers, there is also shown the cent or in s for each month as compared with the next

12 12 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO, Table 4. IN D E X NUMBERS OF W H OLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODI TIES, 1890 TO [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see pp. 5 and 6.] Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Year. Index number.j (+ ) or ( ) compared year. Index numbers ^ ) or ( ) compared year. Index numbers (+ ) or ( ) compared year. Index number.4 (+ ) or ( ) compared year. Index number.5 (+ ) or ( ) compared year (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 56 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) H Number of commodities varied from 16 in 1890 to 30 in 2 Number of commodities varied from 40 in 1890 to 91 in 8 Number of commodities varied from 56 in 1890 to 68 in <Number of commodities was 13 from 1890 to 1912, inclusive, and 15 from 1913 to 6 Number of commodities varied from 18 in 1890 to 25 in 6 No change.

13 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. 13 T able 4. IN D E X NUMBERS OP W H OLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODI TIES, 1890 TO 1916 Concluded. Drugs and chemicals. Lumber and building materials. House-furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. All commodities. of in of in of in of in of in Year. crease (+ ) crease (+ ) crease (+ ) crease (+ ) crease ( + ) Index or de Index or de Index or de Index or de Index or denum crease ( ) num crease ( ) num crease ( ) num crease ( ) num crease ( ) ber, i compared ber.2 compared bers compared ber.4 compared ber.6 compared with pre with pre with pre with pre ceding ceding ceding ceding year. year. year. year. year (6) 66 (6) (6) (6) » (6) (6) ( ), < ) C6) (6) (6) 72 (6) (6) (6) Number of commodities varied from 22 in 1890 to 30 in 2 Number of commodities was 9 from 1890 to 1912, inclusive, and 10 from 1913 to 3 Includes 6 commodities (earthen and glass ware) from 1890 to * Number of commodities was 12 from 1890 to 1912, inclusive, 22 from 1913 to 1915, and 21 in 6 Number of commodities varied from 192 in 1890 to 296 in No change.

14 14 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able 5. IN D E X N U M BERS OF W H O LESA LE P R IC E S, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODITIES AND B Y MONTHS, 1913 TO [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see pp. 5 and 6.] Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Year and Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. ( + ) or ( ) compared January February March ( April (l) M ay June July August September ( October N ovem ber ( December January C) 62 (0 February ) March (0 62 April M ay June July ( August Septem ber October Novem ber (*) December V} March April M ay ) June ' July ' August January... February September October N ovem ber December January February March April May June July August September October Novem ber December No change.

15 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. 15 T able 5. IN D E X N U M B ER S O F W H O L E S A L E PR ICES, B Y G R O U PS OF COM M ODITIES AND B Y MONTHS, 1913 TO 1916-Concluded. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. House-furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. A ll commodities Year and Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. (-f-) or ( ) compared January February ) March (i) ) A pril (i) 91 0) M ay (i) 91 ( June July A ugust (i) 84 0) 82 September ) (i) &4 0) October Novem ber l December January ) February ) March A pril (0 80 M ay f1) June July August September ) ) October Novem ber ) December ) January February ( March * 81 0) 80-1 A pril M ay June July ) August September October Novem ber December ) January February March A pril M ay June July August September ( October N ovember December i No change.

16 16 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO To enable the reader to follow more readily the rise and fall of relative s year by year since 1890 a series of charts has been constructed. A glance at Chart A shows that the trend of wholesale s for all commodities taken together was downward during the first eight years of the iod, or until 1897, after which they rose steadily until 1910, except for slight declines in 1901, 1905, and In 1911 there was a sharp decline, followed by a quick recovery in In 1913 and 1914 s again declined, but reacted in Between 1915 and 1916 occurred by far the most pronounced advances that have taken place between any two years since the present study of changes was begun, the index number of all commodities rising from 81 to 100, an increase of more than 23 cent. Comparing the all-commodities curve with the several group curves on Chart B, one is struck at once by its remarkable similarity to the curve for farm products. In only two years (1901 and 1914) of the 27 years covered by the statistics does the all-commodities curve move in a direction contrary to the trend of the farm-products curve. In three other years, 1891, 1897, and 1903, the all-commodities curve shows no change in the general level of s, while the farm-products curve registers either a rise or a fall in that group. In two other years, 1899 and 1913, the of farm products remained unchanged, while s of all commodities increased in one instance and fell slightly in the other. The food curve, as might be expected, follows rather closely the curve for farm products. The reason for the preponderating influence of farm products upon the yearly changes of all commodities becomes clear when one consults Appendix B of the present bulletin, which gives the approximate values in 1909 and 1916 of the commodities comprising the several groups in the exchanges of the country. Marked fluctuations since 1890 have occurred in the group of fuel and lighting and in that of metals and metal products (Chart C). Fuel and lighting reached the lowest levels in 1894 and 1897, while metals and metal products were equally low in each of the years 1894, 1897, and Cloths and clothing (Chart B) remained relatively stable in from 1890 to 1915, but increased enormously in Lumber and building materials (Chart C), while showing less extensive fluctuations than some of the other groups, reached again in 1916 the high level attained in 1910 and The curve for the drugs and chemicals group in Chart D shows plainly the influence of war on the of these commodities in the last three years,, The groups of house-furnishing goods and miscellaneous articles are also shown on this chart. The former is too small to be of much significance. The latter is a very mixed group, and the meaning of variations within it is very hard to interpret.,

17 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS Bull. 226 Chart B.

18 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1916, Chart D. Digitized for FRASER

19 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. 19 Table 5 and Charts E to H furnish a comparison of group fluctuations since the outbreak of war in Europe with those of the iod immediately this event. The charts here shown (E to H) are not directly comparable with those indicating yearly changes, since they are drawn to a different scale. They may, however, be compared with the other charts in this report showing monthly variations. In the two important groups of farm products and foodstuffs (Chart F) it is seen that s moved within comparatively narrow limits during 1913 and the first half of 1914, the monthly variation at no time being greater than 5.3 cent. The upward trend of s in both groups in the summer of 1913 and the downward trend of food s early in 1914 are, however, quite noticeable. With the opening of hostilities in the summer of

20 20 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1914 s in these two groups at first rose steeply and then declined as sharply, due to the prevailing business stagnation resulting from the war. In 1915, as business became adjusted to the changed conditions brought about by the war, s gradually recovered. The unprecedented advances in the last year contrast strongly with changes in the early months of the iod. In the remaining groups (Charts G and H) the immediate effects of the war are not so noticeable, but it is obvious that the considerable increases shown for drugs and chemicals in the latter part of 1914 are directly attributable to this cause. In all groups the upward trend of s since 1914

21 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. Coast G.

22 22 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO and, particularly, the enormous increases recorded in 1915 and 1916, are of course due in large measure to conditions resulting from the European conflict. The 30 articles composing the group of farm products have been classified into two subgroups, animal products and vegetable products, in order that a comparison of monthly fluctuations during the last four years in these two classes of raw commodities may be had. Table 6 which follows shows that throughout the whole of 1913 and 1914 animal products were relatively higher in, as compared with their 1916 base, than were vegetable products, but that since the beginning of 1915 the two groups have alternated in this respect. Toward the close of 1916 both groups showed marked

23 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. 23 increases, this being especially noticeable in the case of vegetable products. The widest fluctuations from month to month during the four years are found in this group. T able 6. VARIATIONS IN THE W HOLESALE PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS CLASSI FIED INTO ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, B Y MONTHS, 1913 TO [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see pp. 5 and 6.] Animal products (12 series of quotations). V egetable products( 18 series of quotations). All products (30 series of quotations). Year and Index number. of increase ( ) compared Index number. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared Index number. of increase ( ) compared January February ) March A pril ) M ay ) June July August September October ) 84-1 November December ) January February ) March ) April (0 May June C) July ) August September October November December... % ) March (}) April M ay ) June January... February August ) September October November December January February ) March.. I April M ay June ) July August September October November December No change. In order that the fluctuations of commodities in their raw state may be compared with the fluctuations of such commodities after being converted into manufactures, the following two tables, covering the years from 1890 to 1916 and the months from January,

24 24 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1913, to December, 1916, have been constructed. In this presentation the index numbers are computed in the one case from the s of 20 important raw commodities, representing 27 series, and in the other case from the s of 71 articles either manufactured directly from or closely akin to those same 20 raw commodities. The list of raw and manufactured commodities, arranged in pairs, is as follows: Barley and malt, cattle (2 quotations) and beef products (3 quotations), cop ingots and cop wire, corn and corn meal (2 quotations), cotton and cotton textiles (21 quotations), flaxseed and linseed oil, hides and leather (4 quotations), hogs (2 quotations) and hog products (5 quotations), milk and milk products (butter 3 quotations, cheese 1 quotation), petroleum (crude) and refined petroleum (2 quotations), pig iron (4 quotations) and iron products (6 quotations), pig lead and lead pipe, pig tin and tin plate, rye and rye flour, sheep (2 quotations) and mutton, spelter and sheet zinc, sugar (96 centrifugal) and granulated sugar, sulphur and sulphuric acid, wheat and wheat flour (2 quotations), wool (2 quotations) and wool textiles (12 quotations). T able 7. W H O LESA LE PRICE IN D E X E S OF ID E N TIC A L COMMODITIES IN R A W A N D M AN U FACTU RED STATE, 1890 TO [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see pp. 5 and 6.] Raw commodities (27 series). Manufactured commodities (71 series). All commodities (98 series). Year. Index number. of increase ( ) compared year. Index number. of increase ( ) compared year. Index number. of increase ( ) compared year : (,) ft (J) (1) , (1) + « ) (1) + 5 K No change. An examination of the foregoing table reveals that, in the main, fluctuations in the s of manufactured commodities from 1890 to 1916 synchronized closely with fluctuations in the s of raw

25 PRICES IN 1916 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. 25 commodities. Throughout the iod prior to 1912, manufactured commodities maintained a higher level, as compared with their 1916 base, than did raw commodities. In 1912 both groups stood at the same relative level, 77. From 1913 to 1915 s of raw commodities were relatively higher than were those of manufactured commodities. T able 8. W H OLESALE PR ICE IN D E X E S OF IDEN TICAL COMMODITIES IN R A W AND MANUFACTURED STATE, B Y MONTHS, 1913 TO [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see pp. 5 and 6.] Raw commodities (27 series). Manufactured commodities (71 series). All commodities series). Year and Index number. ( + ) or ( ) compared Index number. ofincrease ( + ) or ( ) compared Index number. ofincrease ( + ) or ( ) compared January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September... October... N ovem ber... December January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September... October... Novem ber... December January... February... March... April... M ay... June... July... August... September... October... November... December ) - 3 ' ) f ) +1 (VI (*) 0) I (O' ) I + 4 0) (!) o ' I ) 0) ~ January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December f l i I i No change.

26 26 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO During the last four years s in the two groups, while following the same general trend, did not correspond so closely in their movements from month to Until September, 1914, the first month of warfare in Europe, raw commodities fluctuated at higher levels as compared with 1916 s than did manufactured commodities. In that month raw commodities dropped while manufactured commodities advanced, the latter continuing at relatively higher levels until early in Since May, 1915, raw commodities have, in the main, been relatively higher than manufactured commodities. PRICE MOVEMENTS OF IMPORTANT COMMODITIES SINCE Percentage changes for 21 selected articles of special importance are shown on a series of charts herewith, the change in each case being measured by the pricte in 1916 as the base. The eight charts showing yearly changes since 1890 'are all drawn to the same scale so that these charts can readily be compared with each other. They are likewise comparable with the charts giving yearly fluctuations in the several groups and in all commodities combined (Charts A to D, pp. 17 and 18). In like manner the eight charts showing monthly variations since 1913 can be compared directly one with another and with Qharts E to H on pages 19 to 22. For obvious reasons these charts are drawn on a larger scale than those designed to show yearly fluctuations. It is interesting to compare the individual commodity curves for beef cattle and dressed beef (Charts I and Q), for hogs, bacon, and lard (Charts J and R), for sheep and mutton (Charts K and S), for wheat, flour, and bread (Charts L and T), and for sugar, raw and granulated (Charts M and U), with the group curves for farm products and food on Charts B and F. It will be noticed that the changes in s of farm products from year to year conform quite closely to the changes in the yearly s of beef cattle. This striking similarity is scarcely discernible at all when monthly fluctuations of farm products and beef cattle as shown on Charts F and Q are compared. The contrast between the fluctuations of hogs as compared with beef cattle is very striking, both in the yearly and the monthly charts (I and J, Q and R). There is but little more uniformity in the fluctuations in s of sheep and beef cattle. Chart Q discloses little seasonality in the monthly curves for cattle. Hogs (Chart R) show some tendency to seasonal high and low points, but it is quite irregular. Probably the tendency toward seasonality would become more apparent if monthly s could be shown for a iod of years before the European war came on to disturb normal movements. The s of sheep appear to have been less affected by the war, and Chart S shows a distinct seasonal variation running through the years 1913 to 1916, the

27 PRICE MOVEMENTS SINCE high point coming in the spring and the low point in the summer and early fall. Prices of dressed beef, bacon and lard, and mutton naturally conform quite closely to the s of cattle, hogs, and sheep, respectively. The food curve on Chart B follows the dressedbeef curve on Chart I more closely than any of the other foodcommodity curves.

28 fco WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1916, Chart L. Digitized for FRASER

29 to CO

30 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Chart P. Digitized for FRASER

31 PRICE MOVEMENT'S SINCE The spectacular variations in the s of wheat, flour and bread, and sugar, both raw and granulated, at the outbreak of the war and after, are clearly shown in Charts T and U. In August, 1914, the of raw sugar jumped 73 cent and in September it rose still further to 76 cent above the in July. The of wheat rose in August and September 28 cent, fell in October, and then rose rapidly until in February, 1915, it was 74 cent above th$ July The of flour followed very closely the of wheat. The of bread rose and fell erratically, but in a general way appears to have been governed by the of wheat. The drop in the s of sugar, wheat, and flour was almost as spectacular as their rise, but the s of these articles in 1915 was much higher than in 1914, and left an impress upon both the farm-products group and the food group. The enormous advance of wheat and flour s in the latter part of 1916, due to the short wheat crop, also the great rise in the of sugar in May are brought out in the charts. A study of the curves for raw cotton, cotton yarns, and print cloths in Charts N and V, also those for wool, worsted yarns, and wool dress goods in Charts O and W, shows that sudden and violent

32 32 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO Ch a r t R.

33 PRICE M OVEM ENTS SINCE changes have taken place in these commodities. Most of the articles included in the cloths and clothing group, however, as is seen by Ch abt S. reference to Chart F on page 20, varied but little in in recent years until near the close of Raw cotton, being classed with Bull

34 34 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Ch a r t T.

35 PRICE M OVEM ENTS SINCE Ch a r t U.

36 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO Ch a r t V.

37 PRICE M OVEM ENTS SINCE farm products, has no influence on changes in this group. Charts N and V show that s of cotton yarns and print cloths are governed very largely by the of raw cotton. In Chart Y it is seen that the effect of war on the s of raw cotton and cotton yarns was immediate and disastrous, raw cotton dropping nearly 44 cent from June to November, The subsequent advances

38 W HOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO CHART X.

39 PRICE M OVEMENTS SINCE in, which became most pronounced in 1916, are emphasized by the chart. Raw wool (Chart W) fell in between March and September, 1913, nearly 14 cent. In October, 1913, the of wool dress goods of the kind selected for charting fell nearly 10 cent. Between September, 1913, and January, 1914, the decline in the of worsted yarns amounted to 17 cent. During 1914 the s of wool and worsted yarns moved upward, but dress goods remained almost stationary in Early in 1915 wool and worsted yarns declined in, but advanced again in the closing months of the year. Between December, 1915, and December, 1916, wool advanced 28 cent and worsted yarns 40 cent in Charts P and X furnish an interesting study of fluctuations in Bessemer pig iron, steel billets, and barbed wire. The dependence of steel billets and barbed wire s on the s of pig iron is clearly shown in these charts. The steady drop in s of these commodities from 1890 to 1897 and the sharp increases in 1899, 1907, and 1916 are brought out in Chart P. In Chart X, showing monthly changes since January, 1913, it is seen that s declined, with fluctuations, until the end of 1914, and that they have risen with great rapidity since that date. As compared with s in December, 1914, Bessemer pig iron in December, 1916, had increased 142 cent, steel billets 203 cent, and barbed wire 80 cent. It requires little discernment to see in these phenomenal increases the effect of the present conflict in Europe on the iron and steel industry of the country. PRICE MOVEMENTS OF IMPORTANT COMMODITIES IN A brief review of changes in the s of the more important commodities during 1916, as compared with changes in production,, consumption, and quantity exported, is contained in the following pages. The information here presented has been drawn largely from official reports, supplemented in some instances by data from trade journals. The s quoted are those published in the detailed - tables on pp. 61 to 129 of this bulletin. For convenience of reference, the commodities have been classified into groups. FARM PRODUCTS. Cotton. Prices of cotton d higher in 1916 than in any other year since the beginning of the present series in 1890, with the exception of 1910 only. The low point of the year was reached late in February, when middling upland spot cotton was quoted at cents pound in the New York market. The highest, cents pound, was paid in November. Prices declined some-

40 40 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO what toward the close of the year, but the for December was above that for any other month except November. Chief among the causes contributing to the high s of cotton in 1916 are believed to be the short crops of the past two years and the great consumption, both for peaceful and warlike purposes. With a greatly increased acreage devoted to cotton, the continued spread of the boll-weevil pest in the Southern States, together with prolonged rains and disastrous floods, causes a serious curtailment of the crop. The production of cotton lint in the United States in 1916 was estimated by the Department of Agriculture at 11,511,000 bales, as compared with 11,191,820 bales in 1915 and an of bales in the five years A record crop of over 16,000,000 bales was raised in The consumption of American cotton during the season of is estimated in some quarters at bales, and during the season at 14,812,000 bales. If these estimates are accepted, this makes a total for the two seasons of 29,562,000 bales, or nearly 7,000,000 bales more than the combined crops of 1915 and The estimated American consumption for the season is put by some at 7,000,000 to 7,500,000 bales, against 7,279,311 bales last season and 6,009,207 bales in The consumption of linters, largely to make guncotton and other explosives, is said to have increased enormously, the quantity used last season being reported as 881,343 bales, whereas before the war it was only 200,000 to 300,000 bales. The dearness of wool, silk, flax, and leather is also said to be a factor in stimulating cotton consumption. Exports in the calendar year 1916 totaled 7,007,794 bales, as compared with 8,358,992 bales in 1915 and 6,320,485 bales in Flaxseed. Flaxseed, with a larger yield in 1916 than in 1915, commanded a much higher The total yield for the year was estimated at 15,459,000 bushels, as compared with 14,030,000 bushels in 1915 and an of 18,353,000 bushels in the five years. Exports for the year were negligible. The for the year for No. 1 flaxseed in the Minneapolis market, computed from the range of s on the 1st of each month, was $ bushel, as against $ in 1915* $ in 1914, and $ in Prices were lowest oh July 1 ($1.77 to $1.81 bushel) and highest on December 1 ($2.76} to $2.81} bushel). Barley. The barley crop of 1916 was below the. The estimate of 180,927,000 bushels made by the Department of Agriculture was 20.9 cent below the yield of 1915, the record year, and 2.8 cent below the for During the first half of the year s showed a downward tendency but reacted sharply in the second half, as the shortage in stocks became apparent.

41 PRICE M OVEM ENTS IN 41 Fair to good or standard grade malting barley in Chicago reached the lowest point of the year in the last week of February, when it sold at 67 to 68 cents bushel. The highest level was reached in the third week of November, when the same grade sold at $1.14 to $1.21 bushel. The for the year in Chicago, as computed from the range of s on one day of each week, was $ bushel, as compared with $ in 1915, $ in 1914, and $ in Corn. Drought and extreme heat cut down the yield of corn in 1916 to 2,583,241,000 bushels, a of 411,552,000 bushels from the 1915 crop and of 149,216,000 bushels from the for the five years from 1910 to The quantity of merchantable corn produced in 1916, however, was estimated as being 2 cent greater than in Exports of corn during the 12 months ending with December, 1916, amounted to 53,543,227 bushels, as against 48,263,642 bushels in 1915 and only 15,626,149 bushels in Prices of corn ruled higher in 1916 than in any other year since the collection of data for the present series of s dating back to 1890 was begun. While slight declines took place in the first half of the year, the second half witnessed marked advances. Cash corn of contract grade in Chicago reached its highest level of $1.05 to $1.06 bushel in the last week of October. The lowest point for the year, 70 to 70J cents bushel, was reached near the end of May. Oats. Like most other cereals, the yield of oats in 1916 was below that of the year. The production was estimated at 1,251,992,000 bushels, or 297,038,000 bushels less than in It was, however, above the for the five-year iod Exports for the year were somewhat smaller than in 1915, but nearly three times as great as in The large carryover from 1915 offset the shrinkage in the 1916 crop and supplies were said to be ample at all times. The visible supply in the Middle West continued to increase from harvest time until late in December, reaching large proportions. This was undoubtedly due in large measure to embargoes which prevented shipments to the eastern seaboard. As measured by the closing for cash oats of contract grades in the Chicago market on Tuesday of each week, this commodity d less in 1916 than in the year. Prices behaved erratically in the early months of the year, touching the low point of 38f cents bushel early in July. From this point s advanced until a maximum of 56 cents was reached in November. Rye. The estimated production of rye in 1916 was 47,383,000 bushels, a of 6,667,000 bushels from the 1915 crop, which was the record yield. Prices of rye in Chicago in the closing months

42 42 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO of the year were the highest ever recorded, exceeding those of the corresponding iod in the previous year by about 40 cent. The lowest level was reached late in February, No. 2, cash, in track lots, selling at 90 cents bushel. After this s advanced rapidly, with slight s, until the highest point for the year was reached in the last week of November, the quotation on No. 2, cash, being $1.52 bushel. In December s declined somewhat, but the for the month was above that for any previous month except November. Wheat. As estimated by the Department of Agriculture, the total yield of wheat in 1916 was 639,886,000 bushels, as compared with 1,025,801,000 bushels in 1915, a of 37.6 cent. The crop was smaller by 12.1 cent than the five-year from 1910 to The production of spring wheat was less than half that of Exports of wheat for the calendar year were considerably smaller than for either 1914 or Early in 1916, after a series of advances, s declined as the new winter wheat crop neared harvest. The lowest level was reached in June, and July when No. 2 hard winter wheat at Kansas City sold at less than $1 bushel. The appearance of black rust in the spring wheat territory in July together with a iod of exceptionally hot weather, caused an immediate and rapid increase in s at all wheat centers, in some instances doubling in five months. In November s reached their climax, northern spring wheat, cash, No. 1, at Minneapolis selling as high as $2 bushel. These s are said to be the highest, since the iod immediately following the Civil War. December s were somewhat lower, but the year closed with wheat in all the principal centers selling at s unequaled in recent years. Hay. The 1916 tame hay crop was above that of the year, being estimated at 89,991,000 tons as against 85,920,000 tons in 1915, which was a record yield. Exports were smaller than in 1915, but nearly three times as great as in Hay values during 1916 were somewhat irregular, advancing in the spring months, declining in the summer and early fall, and advancing again late in the year. Timothy, No. 1, hay in Chicago d slightly higher in than during the year, but the high level attained in August, 1915, was not duplicated. The highest of $20 ton was reached in April and May, and the lowest ($11) in July. Hides and calfskins. Imports of cattle hides during 1916 were 12,550,744 pieces, as compared with 11,286,436 pieces in 1915 and 7,743,303 pieces in The number of calfskins imported in 1916 also showed an increase, being 7,939,173 pieces, as against 6,020,381 pieces in the year. No figures are available to show the

43 PRICE MOVEM ENTS IN 43 production of domestic hides in 1916, but the increased number of animals slaughtered under Federal meat inspection indicates that the output of packers hides and calfskins in 1916 was considerably above that of the year before. Notwithstanding these increases, unprecedented s for hides were reached in The abnormal conditions that prevailed during 1915 continued and were intensified in The enormous business in leather stimulated a demand for raw material such as never before existed in this country and the requirements of tanners were at all times well in excess of available supplies. Prices of packers hides in Chicago were lowest in the early part of the year, when those taken from, heavy native steers were quoted at 22 cents pound, and those from heavy Texas steers at 19 cents. No. 1 country calfskins were also lowest at this time, selling at 22} cents pound in Chicago in February. From this iod s advanced steadily, with slight variations, until near the close of the year, when they reached the highest point in the history of the trade. Early in December heavy native steer hides in Chicago were quoted at 33 to 34 cents pound, and No. 1 country calfskins at s ranging as high as 60 cents pound. Cattle. Figures compiled from stockyard sources show that cattle receipts at seven leading markets in 1916 were 9,320,059 head, an increase of 17 cent over the arrivals of the previous year. This figure, of course, includes feeder and stock cattle as well as cattle intended for slaughter. Exports for the year were smaller than in Prices of all grades of cattle nevertheless rose to new records in War demand was an important factor. Packers were behind with army contracts much of the time, which fact kept values up in the face of heavy marketing in the last half of the year, due to the drought which began in Texas early in the year and later extended into the com belt, causing a partial failure of the corn crop and throwing thousands of young cattle into packers hands that would other- v wise have been reserved for the 1917 supply. The lowest s were recorded in February, choice to prime heavy steers selling at $8.75 to $ pounds and good to choice corn-fed steers at $7.85 to $ pounds in Chicago. As the year progressed s advanced, the climax being reached in the closing months, when choice to prime heavy beeves sold above $ pounds in the Chicago market. Some declines took place in December, but s at the end of the year were said to be the highest ever known at that iod. Hogs. The combined hog receipts at seven principal markets in 1916 were reported at 25,344,895, a gain of more than 20 cent

44 44 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO over the figures for the year. While numbers were unprecedented, weight was deficient. At Chicago the weight for the year was given as 210 pounds, against 219 pounds for the year before. This was said to be due to free marketing of pigs early in the year owing to frozen com in the northern part of the belt and to the reluctance of feeders to mature the new hog crop in view of the high cost of corn. Hog values in 1916 were said to be the highest since the Civil War. Notwithstanding the very high s, packers exienced an unusually good year owing to the immense demand for hog products at home and abroad. Shipments of cured meats and lard from Chicago were reported as exceeding those of the previous year by more than 6 cent. The lowest s for live hogs were reached early in January, when they d less than $7 100 pounds in the Chicago market. From that date a steady increase was recorded until September, when the for both light and heavy grades was above $10.75 hundredweight. After September s receded somewhat, but maintained a relatively high level to the end of the year. Sheep and lambs. The year's receipts of sheep at the seven chief markets were given as 11,637,108, as compared with 11,160,239 in In spite of this increase, s ruled much higher than in the year. From January until May there was a steady rise in the monthly values of sheep in the Chicago market, the for May being about 20 cent above that for January. In June s declined, but rose again in the fall and winter months. As computed from the range of s on one day of each week, native ewes d highest in May and lowest in July and August, while lambs and fed wethers d lowest in June and highest in December. In all classes a strong upward tendency was manifested toward the close of the year. Tobacco. The yield of tobacco in 1916 showed an increase of 8, cent over the 1915 crop, being estimated at 1,150,622,000 pounds. Exports of leaf tobacco for the 12 months ending with December were somewhat in excess of the exports for 1915, and were considerably larger than in In the Louisville market the offerings of leaf tobacco during 1916 were far behind those of the previous year, due to the comparatively short crop in that section in A marked improvement took place in the closing month of the year, however, as a result of the big crop of 1916 and the fancy s ruling for it. Stocks at the close of 1916 were said to be the lightest on record. Throughout 1916 quotations on the better grades of Burley tobacco on the Louisville exchange were above those of 1915, a steady advance being recorded from the beginning to the end of the year. The was about $ pounds above the 1915

45 p r i c e M o v e m e n t s i n 45 FOOD, ETC. Butter, cheese, and milk. While exact figures are not available, it is believed that the butter production of 1916 was somewhat less than that of 1915, which was a record year with respect to quantity. The intensely hot weather which began in July and extended through a good part of the summer adversely affected pastures and feeding costs generally and served to check supplies. In addition, large quantities of butter are said to have been taken by Canadian buyers across the northern border for shipment to England. These conditions tended to lessen receipts at points in the Middle West. At Chicago the receipts were said to be about 6 cent below those of At San Francisco also receipts were below those of On the other hand, the arrivals at New York and Boston were reported as exceeding those of the year before by a substantial margin. The quantity of American butter sent abroad has greatly increased in recent years. During the calendar year 1914 there were exported 3,687,657 pounds. In 1915 exports were 17,942,735 pounds, and in 1916 they were 26,561,302 pounds. During these three years extra creamery butter in New York d cents, cents, and cents, respectively. In spite of the high cost, the home consumption of butter in 1916 appears to have run far ahead of earlier years and the stocks of butter in storage at the end of the year were said to be considerably smaller than at the end of Butter s generally in 1916 d much higher than in 1915 and in practically all markets were far in excess of any previous record. In Chicago and New York the for extra creamery butter was over 14 cent above the for In other cities and on other grades of butter proportionate increases were recorded. Cheese s also d much higher in 1916 than in the year. Like butter, s declined in the first half of the year, but increased rapidly in the second half to the highest level ever recorded. In Chicago s for each month were considerably above those of 1915, American twins in November averaging about 8J cents pound higher than in November, In New York fancy whole milk cheese was slightly chea in May and June than in the corresponding iod in 1915, but the for other months was much higher. Fancy California flats at San Francisco sold higher throughout the year than in 1915, except in October, when the was the same. The quantity of cheese held in 247 storages at the end of 1916 was shown,by Government reports to be nearly 4,000,000 pounds less than at the end of Exports for the 12 months ending with December totaled 54,092,585 pounds, as compared with 62,953,029 pounds in 1915 and 3,797,450 pounds in * Prices of fresh milk in New York and Chicago showed slight increases in 1916 over the s in In San Francisco the

46 46 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO s for the two years were practically the same. In the New York market decided increases took place toward the close of 1916, the cost can of 40 quarts advancing from $1.46 in September to $2.09 in December, an increase of 43 cent. Exports of condensed milk increased from 22,831,904 pounds in 1914 to 75,689,584 pounds in 1915 and 219,444,018 pounds in Eggs. In all of the markets from which the bureau collected wholesale s, eggs were higher in 1916 than in The highest level was reached in the third week of December, when fresh gathered firsts at New York sold as high as 49 cents dozen. The same grade sold as low as 20} cents during the third week of April. Fresh firsts at Chicago reached the low point of 18} cents dozen in March and the high point of 41 cents in December. In all markets s declined during the first few months of the year and rose rapidly during the remaining months. Receipts of eggs at the principal markets appear to have been smaller in 1916 than in the year, while exports were considerably larger. Reports from 261 storages show that holdings at the end of the year totaled 876,790 cases, as compared with 1,507,720 cases at the close of 1915, a of 41.8 cent. Flour. Rye and wheat flour s made rapid advances during the year. Rye flour (medium straight) at Minneapolis began the year at $4.50 barrel and reached the high level of $7.80 barrel in November, an increase of 73 cent. Standard patent wheat flour in the same market reached its low level ($5.50 barrel) in June and its high point ($10.50 barrel) in the first week in November, an increase of 90 cent. While the range of s for the year showed large gains, the s for the year were only about 50 cents barrel above those for 1915, due to the comparatively low s prevailing during the first half of The high s toward the end of the year were the result of the short wheat crop and the consequent high s of that commodity. Exports of wheat flour for the year were 14,379,000 barrels, as compared with 15,662,400 barrels in 1915 and 12,769,073 in Fruit. The apple crop of 1916 was above the for the iod 1910 to 1914, but was below the yield in either of the past two years, being 67,415,000 barrels as compared with 76,670,000 barrels in 1915 and 84,400,000 barrels in 1914, the record year. The for Baldwin apples in Chicago, as computed from the range of s on Tuesday of each week, was $ barrel, as compared with $ barrel in Prices for the year were lowest in January ($2.50 to $3 barrel) and highest in October ^ ($3.50 to $4 barrel). California lemons in the Chicago market d considerably higher in in 1916 than in 1915, while oranges were slightly

47 PRICE M OVEM ENTS IN 47 chea. Lemons reached the low point of the year ($2 to $2.25 box) in March and the high point ($7.25 to $7.75) in August, while oranges were lowest in February and in May ($2 to $2.25 box) and highest ($4.75 to $5.75 box) in October and November. The production of oranges in 1916 was placed at 23,835,000 boxes, as compared with 21,200,000 boxes in The imports of bananas during the year were smaller than in 1915, being 35,385,291 bunches as compared with 38,230,310 bunches in the year. Prices in New York City were very much higher, advancing from 50 to 60 cents bunch in January to $1.15 to $1.30 bunch in July. The for the year was 12.7 cent higher than in Dried fruits, including apples, prunes, and raisins, were lower in 1916 than in Currants, on the other hand, were much higher, showing an increase of 60.7 cent above the for 1915, due to the short crop and the prevailing high ocean freight rates. Imports of currants during the year were only 16,055,623 pounds, as compared with 25,240,218 pounds in Meats. Prices of all meat products ruled high in This was particularly true of hog products, which reached levels said to be unequaled since the Civil War. As measured by the s computed for January and December, bacon (short clear sides) increased from 12.3 cents to 15.9 cents pound, smoked hams from 15.9 cents to 19.9 cents pound, prime contract lard from 10.4 cents to 16.8 cents pound, and salt mess pork from $19.75 to $31.75 barrel. Prices of fresh beef at New York and Chicago showed considerable gains in summer, but declined somewhat later in the year. Mutton and lamb also rose in in summer and declined to some extent in the fall. The highest priees for veal in New York were reached in December. Exports of beef and hog products have been unusually large in the last two years because of war conditions. During the 12 months ending with December, 1916, the exports of fresh beef totaled 181,979,031 pounds, with 262,813,397 pounds in 1915, as compared with only 31,422,463 pounds in Export statistics for hog products show that 592,617,529 pounds of bacon were sent abroad in 1916 and 524,138,245 pounds in 1915, as against 184,267,850 pounds in Of fresh pork, 55,172,868 pounds were exported in 1916; 24,230,183 pounds in 1915; and 1,250,977 pounds in Hams and shoulders and pickled pork also showed large increases. The heavy exports of these articles in the last two years could hardly have failed to influence s in this country. Rice. Rice is one of the few food commodities that has not increased in in recent years. The production in 1916 was 45 cent larger than in 1915, which was the previous record crop.

48 48 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO The estimate of the Department of Agriculture for 1916 was 41,982,000 bushels, as compared with 28,947,000 bushels for Honduras head rice in New Orleans showed an for the year, based on. one quotation a month, of 4.54 cents pound, as compared with 4.76 cents pound in 1915, a of 4.6 cent. There were only slight fluctuations in the wholesale s of rice throughout the year. Prices increased slightly in the early months, declining in the summer and fall, and rising again late in the year to the level of those of the year. Sugar. Prices of sugar d higher in 1916 than in any year since the collection of s by the bureau was begun. Compared with 1915, granulated sugar increased nearly 24 cent in, while raw sugar increased nearly 25 cent. A strong upward tendency was manifested during the first five months of the year, the s of granulated following in a general manner the fluctuations in raw sugar. In June s receded slightly and continued to decline until September. October recorded a small increase, with further declines in the closing months of the year. The low point of the year for granulated sugar in New York (5.64 cents pound) was reached during the second week of January, and for raw sugar (4.52 cents pound), during the same week. The high point for granulated sugar (7.50 cents pound) was reached in May and continued into July. Raw sugar was highest (6.65 cents pound) in the last week of October. Among the causes oating to produce high s of sugar in 1916 are said to be the depletion of sugar stocks in the various countries of the world, due to the effects of war, and the fact that the relatively high s prevailing throughout 1915 had left planters and sugar dealers in a prosous condition, so that in 1916 they were not forced to market their sugar any more rapidly than they desired. Another possible factor was the heavy exports of refined sugar, which amounted to 1,576,652,297 pounds, as against 963,574,977 pounds in 1915 and 390,409,054 pounds in The late start of the beet harvest in the Middle West, due to an unfavorable growing season, limited beet sugar supplies and caused s to advance during the iod from September to November. The capita consumption of sugar in the United States in 1916 was estimated at pounds, against pounds in 1915, and pounds in In 1913 this estimate was 85.4 pounds. The in consumption is directly attributable to the higher s that have prevailed since Vegetables. Enormous increases in the of the principal vegetables took place in 1916 as compared with Potatoes, of which the crop produced in 1916 was estimated to be 21 cent less than the 1915 crop, were 144 cent higher in the Chicago

49 PRICE M OVEM EN TS IN 49 market. Cabbage, with a of about 63 cent in the quantity produced, d about 95 cent more in in New York City. Onions, with a of about 16 cent from the 1915 yield, d nearly 120 cent more in in Chicago. Good to choice potatoes in Chicago reached their lowest level in the third week of April, when sales were recorded at 65 to 85 cents bushel. The for April, as computed from weekly quotations, was 84J cents. During the latter months of the year s rose steeply, reaching their highest level in November, when some lots brought as much as $1.70 bushel. The of good to choice potatoes for the year, based on the spread of s on one day of each week in the Chicago market, was $ bushel, as compared with $ in Cabbage s during the year were subject to extreme fluctuations, being lowest in the early months and reaching unprecedentedly high levels in December. No quotations for cabbage were available for the iod from the middle of May to the middle of September. Onions in Chicago were lowest in May and highest in December. Canned vegetables likewise showed large increases in New York standard corn increased from 75 cents to $1.25 dozen between August and November. Peas of the brand for which s were taken increased from an of 71J cents dozen in August to $1.02J in December. Standard New Jersey tomatoes (No. 3) increased from $1.15 dozen in August to $1.50 dozen in October. These figures are believed to be indicative of the increases in canned goods generally. Exports of canned vegetables in 1916 were valued at $3,395,784, as compared with $2,324,998 in 1915 and $1,587,359 in Beans of choice medium grade in New York advanced rapidly in in 1916 to a point far above any previous record, due to' the short crop and heavy demand for export. The 1916 production of dry beans was estimated at 8,846,000 bushels, as against 10,321,000 bushels in Exports were much heavier than in As measured by quotations on the first of each month, choice beans were lowest in March, when they sold at $ pounds, and highest in December, when they had advanced to $ pounds, an increase of nearly 82 cent. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING. Cotton goods. Following closely the high s of the raw materials, cotton fabrics of all descriptions advanced rapidly in during With few exceptions s in January were the lowest and those in December the highest of the year. Among the articles showing decided increases between January 1 and December 1 were: Cotton bags, 67 cent; cotton blankets, 45 cent; calico, Bull

50 50 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 38 cent; cotton flannel (2f yards to the pound), 47 cent; 10/1 cotton yarns, 83 cent; brown drillings, 56 cent; cale, 67 cent; and print cloths, 60 cent. A greatly expanded demand for cotton yarns for tire and duck purposes is said to have revolutionized trade and doubled s on many numbers. Exports of cotton manufacturers during the 12 months ending with December, 1916, were valued at $129,348,681, as compared with $95,833,456 in 1915 and $50,092,993 in Leather. Tanners of leather exienced a year of unusual activity in The great demand from the warring countries of Europe, coupled with a heavy domestic trade, sent s to the highest point recorded since the collection of the present series of wholesale s was begun. Based on one quotation in each month, chrome calf (B grade) sold at 70 to 75 cents square foot in December as compared with 28 to 34 cents in January. No. 1 California oak harness leather advanced from 46 cents pound in the early months to 64 cents in December. Hemlock sole leather (No. 1 middles) rose from 32 to 33 cents pound in January to 57 cents in December, and oak sole leather (heavy scoured backs) from 52 to 54 cents pound in January to 82 to 85 cents in December. Exports of sole leather for the year were 90,481,568 pounds, as compared with 81,006,837 pounds in 1915 and 51,832,030 pounds in Exports of up and other kinds of leather showed proportionate increases. Boots and shoes. Unprecedented s and rapid advances characterized the boot and shoe market during 1916, due to the scarcity and high cost of raw materials. Prices rose steadily throughout the year, the lowest being in January and the highest in December. Some makes of shoes increased 50 cent in during the year. Exports of boots and shoes in 1916 were considerably more than in 1915 and nearly double the exports of 1914, being 19,477,808 pairs, as compared with 16,949,322 pairs in 1915 and 9,925,586 pairs in Wool and woolen goods. The wool clip in 1916 was estimated at pounds, compared with 285,726,000 pounds in 1915, pounds in 1914, and 296,175,000 pounds in 1913, the record year. The received by producers for unwashed wool was about 27.6 cents pound as compared with 22.8 cents in 1915, 18.4 cents in 1914, and 15.7 cents in Washed wool in the eastern markets increased steadily in during most of 1916, the lowest s being recorded in January and the highest in December. On the two grades for which s were obtained advances of 17 and 19 cent, respectively, were made in the s for the year over those for Reduced to the scoured wool basis, the of Ohio fleece wool, one-fourth and three-eighths grades, stood

51 PRICE M OVEM ENTS IN 51 at cents pound on December 1, which was far above the highest point registered in any year. Following the raw wool s, all woolen materials d much higher in 1916 than in Of the fabrics for which s were collected, the greatest increases between the two years were shown for broadcloth, clay worsted suitings, French and storm serge dress goods, and worsted yarns. Practically all woolen goods advanced steadily in during 1916, the year closing with figures at their top level. Comparing January with December, the greatest increases are shown for wool blankets, 20 cent; broadcloth, 22 cent; 15-ounce middlesex suitings, 40 cent; 11-ounce serge suitings, 30 cent; ounce trousering, 28 cent; storm serge, 21 cent; 2-40s worsted yarns, 38 cent; and 2-32s worsted yarns, 36 cent. Price s for 1916 were in every instance above those for any previous year. Imports of clothing wool in 1916 were 356,400,729 pounds, as against 295,564,838 pounds in 1915, and 147,690,922 pounds in Exports of woolen wearing apparel were valued at $10,515,599, as compared with $16,267,645 in 1915, and $4,676,424 in Silk. Raw silk in 1916 d considerably higher than in any year since 1890, with the exception of 1907, when Japan filatures silk (Kansai No. 1) was slightly above the The opening of the year found the market in an unsettled condition, due to the high s prevailing at the close of Prices of Japan filatures silk in January were slightly below those prevailing at the close of 1915, while s of Italian silk were higher. As measured by s near the first of each month, both kinds advanced in February, with a further advance for Japan filatures in March. Prices of the latter grade then declined rapidly during the next three months, reaching in June the low level for the year. Substantial advances were then made each month until the close of the year, with the exception of a slight recession in September. The high points of the year were reached in March and November. The s of classical Italian silk did not fluctuate quite so violently, but showed a much larger increase for the year, being 64 cent above the for 1915, while Japan filatures silk was 47 cent above the Imports of raw silk and waste in 1916 approximated 41,000,000 pounds, compared with 37,000,000 pounds in 1915 and 31,000,000 pounds in FUEL AND LIGHTING. Coal. As shown by reports of the United States Geological Survey, coal production records were smashed in 1916, when the output was around 597,000,000 tons, compared with 570,000,000 tons in 1913, the previous high record. The quantity of bituminous coal mined was estimated as 509,000,000 tons, an increase compared with 1915 of

52 52 W HOLESALE PRICES, TO tons, or 15 cent. The quantity of Pennsylvania anthracite produced was about 88,312,000 net tons, a of tons. Exports of bituminous coal in 1916 amounted to 18,977,346 tons, against 16,764,857 tons in 1915 and 13,801,850 tons in These figures do not include fuel, or bunker coal laden on vessels engaged in foreign trade, which aggregated between 7 and 8 million tons in each year. Anthracite coal exports increased from 3,830,244 tons in 1914 and 3,540,406 tons in 1915 to 4,165,679 tons in The large increase in the quantity of bituminous coal mined in 1916 was insufficient to keep up with the increased consumption. It is estimated that the railroads of the country ordinarily consume from 125,000,000 to 150,000,000 tons in the course of the year. In 1916, however, when the movement of merchandise of every character was of such magnitude, it is believed that the quantity of railroad coal used must have approached the 200,000,000 mark. In the coke industry, also, it is estimated that one-third more coal was used than in the year. In all grades of fuel, from steam coal for industrial use up to the highest quality for domestic purposes, the consumption in 1916 was greatly in excess of that in previous years. Prices of bituminous coal in 1916 remained at about the same level as in former years until August and September, after which they advanced rapidly until the close of the year. In some instances s were doubled in the last five months. Pittsburgh run-of-the-mine coal in Cincinnati increased from $2.20 ton in August to $4.50 ton in December. In the same time New River smokeless coal increased from $2.60 to $6.10 ton. Pocahontas coal at Norfolk increased from $3.25 ton in August to $6 ton in December. A serious shortage of cars is believed to have been a factor in the increases toward the end of the year. Prices of anthracite coal at tidewater (New York Harbor) showed only moderate advances during the year. Coke. The output of coke in the United States in 1916 broke all previous records. As estimated by the Geological Survey, the total production amounted to 54,300,000 tons, as compared with 41,600,000 tons in 1915, an increase of 30 cent. Of this quantity 35,000,000 tons was beehive coke, an. increase of 27 cent over the production in 1915 and 500,000 tons more than was produced in 1910, the previous record year. By-product coke increased 36 cent over the 1915 output and amounted to about 19,200,000 tons. Exports of coke were 1,048,790 tons, compared with 799,562 tons in 1915 and 592,487 tons in Prices of Connellsville furnace coke at ovens, range of spot and contract s, fluctuated moderately during the first eight months of the year, the low point being reached in May. Prices then advanced rapidly, and at the close of the year were double those in January,

53 PRICE M OVEM ENTS IN 53 following closely the high s prevailing for bituminous coal. So much of the coke output has been under contract that the returns to manufacturers are said not to have been in line with the spot, but at the same time it was found that the contract was very much above the prevailing when contracts were entered into in Petroleum. The quantity of crude petroleum produced and marketed in 1916 was in excess of any previous record, "being estimated by the Geological Survey at 292,300,000 barrels, or 4 cent more than the output in In addition to the quantity of oil marketed, several million barrels were produced and placed in temporary field storage in Kansas and Oklahoma. Exports during the year were considerably larger than in 1914 or The of Pennsylvania crude petroleum at the wells advanced from $2.25 barrel on January 1 to $2.60 on April 1, which was maintained until July. By August 1 the had dropped to $2.50 barrel and by September 1 to $2.30 barrel. Prices then advanced again, the quotation for November and December being $2.60 barrel. Prices of refined petroleum for export at New York advanced from 8.65 cents gallon in January to 9.10 cents in August. A decline then took place, 8.35 cents gallon being the from October to December. Water-white refined oil at New York showed only one change in 1916, dropping from 13 cents to 12 cents gallon between February and March. The quantity of refined oil exported in 1916 varied little from that of the previous year, and approximated one-third of the total production. Gasoline. As computed from quotations on the first Saturday of each month, the of motor gasoline to garages in New York increased from cents gallon in 1915 to 23 cents in The of 21 cents in January was slightly above the high level reached at the close of In February there was another advance of 1 cent gallon, and in March the went to 24 cents, this prevailing until August. In September there was a decline of 1 cent gallon, with a further drop to 22 cents in October. This was maintained during the remainder of the year, giving a net increase between January and December of 5 cent. No reliable statistics of gasoline production in 1916 are yet available. It is believed, however, that with the adoption in 1916 by numerous manufacturers of the Rittman process of producing gasoline from crude petroleum the output was equal to or greater than that of 1915, which was estimated at 41,600,000 barrels. The amount exported in 1915 was 6,500,000 barrels, leaving a difference of 35,- 100,000 barrels for consumption in this country. These figures compare with an available difference between production and exports

54 54 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO of 11,260,000 barrels in 1909 and 6,326,000 barrels in 1904, illustrating the rapid growth of gasoline consumption in this country* The quantity of gasoline exported in 1916 was 49 cent greater than in The recent extraordinary rise in the of gasoline is believed to be attributable to a variety of causes, among which are the greatly increased consumption, the increase in exports, the depletion of gasoline stocks due to increased domestic and export demands, the d production of crude oil containing a large centage of gasoline, the increase in the of crude oil, and financial influences.1 METALS. Cop. With respect to production, consumption, and high s, the year 1916 has never been equaled in the cop industry of the country. The output of blister and Lake cop from domestic ores was estimated by the Geological Survey as 1,928,000,000 pounds, against 1,388,000,000 pounds in 1915, the record year. The total output of refined cop (electrolytic, Lake, casting, and pig) from primary sources, domestic and foreign, was estimated at 2,311,000,000 pounds, compared with 1,634,000,000 pounds in At an of about 27 cents a pound the production for 1916 has a value of $520,000,000, compared with $242,900,000 for the 1915 output at the then prevailing. At the beginning of 1916 there were said to be about 82,400,000 pounds of refined cop in stock in the United States. This quantity added to the refinery production gives a total available supply of about 2,393,400,000 pounds of refined cop. On adding to this the imports of 8,400,000 pounds and subtracting the exports of 716,700,000 pounds, there is shown a supply available for domestic consumption of about 1,685,000,000 pounds. This amount is materially greater than the estimated supply for The year opened with electrolytic cop at New York quoted at cents pound, on the first Wednesday of January. During the first five months s advanced rapidly, reaching cents 'early in May. A downward tendency developed in June, lasting into August, when 26 cents was reached. From September to the end of the year s rose again, a maximum of cents being reached on the first Wednesday in December. The level attained near the close of 1916 is said to be the highest since The highest on record was 55 cents in The lowest was 9 cents in Prices of sheet cop and wire followed closely those of ingot cop throughout the year, mounting steadily upward and reaching 1 See Report of the Secretary of the Interior to the United States Senate, Feb. 2, 1916, published as Senate Document No. 310.

55 PRICE M OVEM ENTS IN 55 a point in December above that attained in many years. Compared with the January, sheet cop in December had advanced 38 cent and cop wire (No. 8, B. & S. gauge and heavier) 47 cent. Lead. The 1916 output of refined lead, desilverized and soft, from domestic and foreign ores was estimated at 579,600 tons, worth at the New York $78,826,000, compared with 550,055 tons, worth $51,705,000 in 1915, and with 542,122 tons, worth $42,286,000 in Imports of lead in 1916 were about 35,800 tons, compared with 51,496 tons in Exports of lead of foreign origin showed a great, being estimated at 9,350 tons, against 38,445 tons in 1915, and 31,051 tons in For the last three years notable quantities of domestic lead have been exported to Europe, the total for 1916 being put at 108,200 tons and for 1915 at 87,092 tons. The quantity of lead available for consumption in 1916 was estimated at 471,200 tons, compared with 426,751 tons in The of desilverized pig lead at New York on the first Wednesday of each month showed wide variations during The lowest point (5.50 cents pound) was reached in January and the highest point (8 cents pound) in April. After this s declined, reaching 6.10 cents in August, then advancing again to 7.30 cents in December. The for the year was 6.80 cents pound, compared with 4.59 cents in 1915 and 3.89 cents in Large sales of lead for export to Russia and Japan are said to have caused the large increase in April. Lead pipe s in 1916 naturally followed those of pig lead. The lowest, $ pounds, was reported for January and the highest, $ pounds, for April and May. The for the year was 43 cent above the for 1915 and 68 cent above that for Pig iron. Production of pig iron made a new record in 1916, with a total of over 39,000,000 gross tons, compared with 29,916,213 tons in 1915 and 30,966,152 tons in the record year, Exports were 612,241 tons, against 224,509 tons in 1915 and 114,423 tons in Pig iron s fluctuated within narrow limits in the first half of The year opened with s of all kinds somewhat higher than in the closing month of foundry and basic pig iron declined to some extent in the spring and summer, while Bessemer advanced slightly. In September, s started upward with rapid bounds, which continued to the end of the year. In December, basic pig iron at the valley furnace d $30 ton as compared with $17.81 in January; Bessemer pig iron at Pittsburgh d $35.58 ton as compared with $21.58 in January; and No. 2 southern

56 56 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO foundry pig iron at Cincinnati d $25.90 ton as compared with $17.90 ton in January. Strikes of molders in various cities, in an effort to obtain a general eight-hour day, are said to have curtailed considerably the consumption of foundry pig iron and exerted a depressing influence on s in the spring and summer. The supply of basic pig iron was for months fully up to, if not in excess of, consumptive requirements. The large stocks of pig iron acquired at low s in 1915 also served to keep s down. These influences continued until European buying of pig iron assumed large proportions in the fall months. The fear of an approaching scarcity of pig iron, which followed the European buying, caused heavy placing of orders for far forward delivery and, together with an advance of $1.50 ton in the cost of Lake Suior iron ore for the season of 1917, carried s to an unprecedented level late in the year. Quicksilver. The domestic output of quicksilver in 1916 was 38 cent greater in quantity and 99 cent greater in value than in 1915, being estimated at 28,942 flasks of 75 pounds each and valued at $3,643,800. This was the largest production since 1905 and, except for 1875, was the most valuable in the history of the domestic industry. Quicksilver exported in 1916 was 666,027 pounds, against 252,852 pounds in 1915 and 108,426 pounds in The s prevailing in the first three months of 1916, when New York quotations advanced to $4 pound, are said to be the highest ever reached in the history of the industry. These were due to large demands resulting from war conditions, which greatly increased domestic use and caused a virtual exhaustion of the available supply of metal. Difficulty of effecting deliveries from the domestic producing districts added to the shortage. After the first few months the supply became more normal and s gradually declined throughout the remainder of the year. The December ($ 1.05 pound) was 74 cent lower than the high reached in February and March. Steel products. The steel industry in 1916 surpassed all previous records in volume of trade and high s. Manufacturing establishments were run to the limit of their capacity and in many instances new mills were constructed without catching up with the demand for materials. The value of iron and steel products exported in 1916 was more than double that of 1915, and more than four times the value of the 1914 exports. For the first time within 14 years steel rails changed in, one advance being recorded in June, and another in December. Structural steel, plates, and steel sheets advanced rapidly during the year due in a large measure to the extraordinary activity in shipbuilding. Shipyards here and abroad took contracts for ships covering their

57 PBIOE MOVEM ENTS TN 57 entire capacity for 1917, and in some instances a part of 1918, and at higher s than those in effect at the close of The most pronounced increases between January and December of 1916 were shown for Bessemer billets (80 cent), tank plates (104 cent), steel sheets (60 cent), structural steel (45 cent), Bessemer rails (36 cent), open hearth rails (33 cent), and barbed wire (23 cent). The s prevailing at the close of 1916 in most instances were the highest ever recorded. Tin. Tin is one of the few metals found only in limited quantities in this country. Imports of the metal in 1916 amounted to 138,073,293 pounds, as compared with 115,636,332 pounds in 1915, and 95,049,612 pounds in Restrictions imposed by foreign Governments upon shipments of tin strongly affected s in this country, which fluctuated widely during the year. Prices of pig tin during the first five months of the year made rapid advances, with the exception of a slight decline in February. As measured by the at New York on the first Wednesday of each month, the highest level (51 cents pound) was reached in May. In June.s started downward and continued until August, when the low point of 38 cents a pound was reached. In September another upward movement was started which lasted until the end of the year. Zinc. Zinc records of production and value were again broken in 1916, the output of spelter from domestic and foreign ores being about tons, worth about $180,000,000 as compared with 489,519 tons, worth $121,400,000 in 1915, the previous record year. Exports of spelter in 1916 are estimated at 210,500 tons, compared with 132,323 tons in The apparent domestic consumption, not including stocks held by dealers and consumers in 1916, was about tons, against 364,382 tons consumed in 1915 and 299,130 tons in Prices of spelter fluctuated widely during the year. During the first three months they showed an upward movement. In April they started downward and continued into September. During the last three months they again moved upward. As measured by the on the first Wednesday of each month at New York the high of the year (21 cents a pound) was reached in March and the low level (8.75 cents a pound) in September. Sheet zinc s also fluctuated widely during the year, showing an upward movement in the first five months, a downward movement from June to October, and a sharp advance in the 'last two months. The for the year at the works in Illinois, based on one quotation a month, was $18.78 hundred pounds, compared with $16.16 in At no time during 1916, however, was the as high as in July, 1915, when it reached $24.84 hundred pounds.

58 58 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO DETAILED TABLES. The detailed statistical tables of this report are two in number, entitled as follows: Table A. Wholesale s of commodities from January to December, Table B. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1916, and for each month of Table A. Wholesale s of commodities from J anuary to December, 1916, pages 61 to 129. This table shows in detail the actual s from January to December, 1916, as obtained for the 342 commodities, or series of quotations, included in the present report. The net cash s are given for textiles and all articles whose list s are subject to large and varying discounts. In the cases of a few articles, however, such as plain wire, cut and wire nails, steel plates, steel sheets, etc., the s of which are subject to a small discount for cash within 10 days, no deduction has been made. In collecting s for inclusion in the report the aim has been to secure quotations on those particular grades or qualities of an article that represent the bulk of sales within the class. Thus in the case of commodities classed as drugs or chemicals the lower quotations were selected where a range of s was found, because of the fact that these are believed to represent the s of large lots, while the higher quotations represent the s of smaller lots. For the same reason eggs classed as firsts are now quoted instead of the new laid grade at one time carried, since it has been ascertained that firsts are relatively more important in the market. In the case of butter the quotations were enlarged in 1914 by the addition of several lower-d grades not included before, but which were found to constitute a considerable part of the volume of butter sales The prefatory notes to the quotations published in the table state the date of the quotations and, if weekly, whether they are for some particular day of the week, the for the week, or the range for the week. The majority of the weekly quotations show the on Tuesday, but if for any reason the was not obtainable on Tuesday or on the particular day stated, the first available thereafter has been taken. The quotations from trade and other journals, when credited to the 1st of each month, also are not in all instances the for the exact day stated. They are, however, the earliest s for the month published in the journal from which the information is drawn. The prefatory note to each series of quotations states in most instances the market in which the s have been obtained. In the case of textiles and a few articles belonging to other groups, however, the s shown are those for the general distributing

59 DETAILED TABLES INTRODUCTION. 59 markets, such as Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. Where no market is mentioned in the prefatory note, therefore, it should be understood that the s are for the general market. In many localities the of bread loaf is not affected by slight changes in the of flour, but the weight of the loaf is changed instead. For this reason the comparative s of bread published in the second of these two detailed tables are based on a pound of dough before baking and not on the baked loaf. The first table shows the baked loaf and, in the prefatory note, the variation for the year in the weight of the dough before baking. The of eight-penny nails quoted in this report is, by the established nail card of the trade, uniformly 10 cents 100 pounds higher than the base, the given in market quotations. For an explanation of the nail card the reader is referred to Bulletin No. 39, page 226. The closing of the New York and New Orleans cotton exchanges in 1914, following the outbreak of hostilities in Europe, made it impossible to obtain satisfactory quotations for this staple during a part of that year. The yearly s reported for cotton in 1914 are therefore somewhat higher than would have been the case had they included quotations for the iod of business demoralization during which the exchanges were closed. The s for the two grades of wool appearing in the report were obtained as for washed wool and then reduced to the scoured wool basis by increasing the in proportion to the amount of shrinkage. For all commodities the for the year was computed by dividing the sum of the quotations by the number of quotations. Where a range of s was shown the mean for each date was found and the sum of such means was divided by their number to give the for the year. For example, the sum of the 51 mean s of No. 1 northern spring wheat at Minneapolis during 1916 (shown on page 64), was found to be $ This total divided by 51 gives $ as the for the year. It is obvious that in order to arrive at a strictly scientific for the year one must know the precise quantity marketed and the at which each unit of the quantity was sold. It is manifestly impossible to obtain such detail, and even if it were possible the labor and cost involved in such a compilation would be prohibitive. The method adopted here, which is the one usually employed in computing s, is believed to yield results quite satisfactory for all practical purposes. Table B. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1916, and for each Tnonth of 1916, pages 130 to 260. This

60 60 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO table shows, in addition to the s, the relative s for each month; that is, the cent that the in each month is of the for the 10 years from 1890 to In the line above the for 1890 is given the for the 10-year iod taken as the basis of comparison. For the 10 articles that do not show s for the entire iod of 10 years, the base in each case is the for the years prior to and including No relative s could be computed for articles added since the expiration of the base iod, The cent or in the for each month, as compared with the month, is shown by the figures in the third column of the table. It was impossible to secure quotations during one or more months in 1916 for 9 of the 342 articles, viz, buckwheat flour, fresh apples, bananas, raisins, cabbage, onions, lime, yellow-pine siding, and news-print pa. In such cases the for the year has been computed from the number of quotations actually obtained. In the record of s from 1890 to 1916, 232 series of quotations (including cases of substitution) have been presented for the entire iod and an additional 136 for some portion of the iod. Of the latter number, 26 articles have been discontinued, as follows: No quotations are shown for imported tin plate since 1898; for Ashton s salt since 1903; for beaver. overcoatings since 1905; for sun-dried apples, nutmegs, blankets (cotton warp and wool filling), split boots, men s 84-needle hose, linen thread, all-wool chinchilla overcoatings, shawls, Atlantic brown sheetings, Hope bleached sheetings, and indigo 16-ounce suitings since 1907; for cotton-warp chinchilla overcoatings since 1908; for Vienna loaf bread and 89 refining sugar since 1911; for salt beef hams and Atlantic bleached sheetings since 1912; for horses and mules since 1913; and for children s shoes (4 quotations) and toilet soap since The s of these 26 articles are not shown in any table of this report, but may be found in bulletins on wholesale s.

61 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 61 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, FARM PRODUCTS. COTTON: Middling, at New Orleans. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar. $ A pr M a y... June... $ A u g... Sept.. $ O ct. Nov. Dec. $ $ COTTON: Upland, middling, at New York. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $ A pr M ay... June. $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ Oct. N ov. Dec. $ $ FLAXSEED : No. 1, cash. [Price bushel of 56 pounds, at Minneapolis, on the first of each month; quotations from the Daily Market Record.] Jan... $2.15f-$2.18i A pr $2.18 -$2.21* J u ly... $1. 77-$l. 81 Oct Feb May 2.05J A ug N ov... Mar June Ml- 1.88* Sept D ec. $2.42 -$ f f J $ GRAIN: Barley, fair to good or standard grade, malting, by sample. [Price bushel of 48 pounds, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $0.70-$ Feb Mar Apr $0.73-$ M a y June J u ly... $0. 75-$ A u g Sept O ct... $0.98-$l N ov D ec $0.8674

62 62 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Corn, contract grades, cash. [Price bushel of 56 pounds shelled or 70 pounds in the ear, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.74 -$ * *-. 77f.78* f * * * J.74*-.75* * A pr May. Ju n e.. $0.76 -$0. 76* *.75*-.76*.76* * * *-.75* 73 73* * 70* * *. 76f-.77* J u ly... A u g... Sept. $0 78* 80*- 80* 80*- 80f 83*- 83f 00 & 82-82* 85-85* 86* * * * *- 86f 87*- 872 O ct. N ov.. Dec. $0.88f-$ * i * * * $ GRAIN: Corn, No. 3, mixed, cash. [Price bushel of 56 pounds shelled, or 70 pounds in the ear, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.]... s Jan... $0.70*-$0.71 A p r----- $0.75 -$0.75* July $0.78 -$0.78* Oct $0.87 -$0.87* * * f.74* * * * *.75* *-, *- 1-02* Feb.76*-,.77 May.76*-.77 Aug * *.73* *-, *-,.75.73*-,. 73f * *.71* ,.87* *.71*-.71f.68*-,.69* * Mar....70*-.71 J u n e....70*-.70* Sept....86*-,.87 D ec *.72*-,.73.72*-, * *.71* *-,.74.84*-, *.70*-,.71.76*-,.77 '.85 -,.85* *. $ GRAIN: Oats, contract grades, cash. [Price bushel of 32 pounds, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $0.44 A p r $0.44} J u ly... $0.38f O ct... $0.46f.45* 43.40f.46f.50*.44* 41* *.41f.52*.521 F eb....49* M a y....46* A u g N ov....52*.46*.47*.42*.56.46*.46* *.43* 44f.51*.41 39*.44* Mar J u n e....39* S e p t D ec $ *.44* <j 44.49!.42f 39f.46 49f. $ New crop.

63 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 63 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Rye, No. 2, cash. [Price bushel of 56 pounds, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.97!-$ * 1.00 l.oli ! ! A p r May J u n e.. SO SO July A u g... S e p t... SO. 98 -SO J J- 1.19* 1.24 g (5 Oct. N ov.. Dec.. SI SI J ! 1.49!- 1.50' SI GRAIN: Wheat, No. 1, northern spring, cash, at Chicago. [Price bushel of 60 pounds on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan. Feb. J^ar. S1.21i-S i i i- 1.38! 1.34! J 1.28f J A p r May June. 25 -S f !- 1.22! 21! i ! ! I-13! 09i- 1.12f J u ly... A u g... Sept. $1.13 -SI.15f '*i.*36p i.*32l f 1.51! f 1.57! Oct. N ov.. D ec.. $1.67 -$ J f f f f ! ! f 1.71! $ GRAIN: Wheat, No. 2, red winter, cash, at Chicago. [Price bushel of 60 pounds on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $1,231 A p r $1.241 $1.25f $ ! 1.34! 1.19! Feb *"i.*32!-i.w May 1.21f 1.17f !- 1.29! !- 1.25! ! 1.10! ! Mar ! J u n e ! !- 1.17! 1.04! July $1.05!-$1.06i ! 1.26! A u g... S e p t f- 1.46! 1.39f ! ! ! O ct... $1.60 -$ ! D 1.87!- 1.88! ! D ec... m L?2 8. $ No quotation.

64 64 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Wheat, No. 2, hard winter, cash, at Kansas City. [Weekly range of s bushel of 60 pounds; quotations from the Price Current-Grain Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $1.11 -$1.18 A p r $1.10 -$1.20 July $0.95 -$1.04 O ct... $1.52 -$ Feb May Aug J Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ GRAIN: Wheat, No. 1, northern spring, cash, at Minneapolis. [Weekly range of s bushel of 60 pounds; quotations from the Price Current-Grain Reporter.] Jan... $1.18 -$ Feb Mar f I lf I lf lof f A p r $ M ay June f f l f J u ly... $1.074-$l A u g S e p t f ? 1.57J O ct... D ec... $1.63f-$l. 67J f f f $ GRAIN: Wheat, bluestem, cash, at Portland, Oreg. [Price bushel of 60 pounds on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Morning Oregonian.] Jan... $1.01 A p r $1.05 J u ly... $0.95 O ct... $ M l Feb May A u g Mar June Sept D ec SI. 1753

65 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 65 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. H AY: Timothy, No. 1. [Price ton of 2,000 pounds, at Chicago, on one day (variable) in each week; quotations from the Price Current-Grain Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ Feb Mar A p r $18.00-$ May June J uly... $17.50-$ A u g S e p t Oct $13.00-$ D ec $ HIDES: Calfskins, No. 1, country hides, 8 to 15 pounds. [Price pound, at Chicago, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... $0.24 -$0.27 A pr $0.26-$0.30 July... $0.30-$0.38 Oct $0.32 -$0.40 Feb May.30-.,35 A u g N ov Mar June ,36 Sept D ec $ HIDES: Green, salted, packers, heavy native steers. [Price pound, at Chicago, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar... $0.224-$ A p r May J une... $0.22 -$ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.27 $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.264-$ $ HIDES: Green, salted, packers, heavy Texas steers. [Price pound, at Chicago, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar... $0.19 $ A p r May June... $ $0.24i July... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct D ec... $0.244-$ $ HOPS: New York State, prime to choice. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... F e b, Mar... $0.24-$ A p r May June... $0.21-$ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $0.17-$ Oct N ov... D ec... 2 $0.50-$ $ No quotation Bull crop.

66 66 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. HOPS: Pacific coast. [Price pound, at Portland, Oreg., on the first of each month; quotations from the Morning Oregonian.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $0.10 $0.09*-.12J A pr M ay... June... $0.10-$ July... A u g... S e p t... $ i.09 Oct D ec.... $ $ LIVE STOCK: Cattle, steers, choice to prime, heavy beeves. [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $9.00-$ Feb Mar A pr $ M ay J u n e J u ly... $10.80-$ll A u g S ept ^ O ct... $10.50-$ll Nov D ec $ LIVE STOCK: Cattle, steers, good to choice, corn fed. [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $7.75-$ F e b Mar A pr----- $8.60-$ M a y * J u n e J u ly... $10.00-$ A u g S e p t ^ i6.'60* O ct.., $9.35-$ i $ LIVE STOCK: Hogs, heavy (range of quotations for selected 260 to 300 pounds packing and fair to fancy heavy shipping ). [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $6.85 -$ * * A pr----- $9.65 -$ * Feb M ay * *-i0.10 Mar. 9.27* * * J u n e * * J u ly... $9.90 -$ J * A u g S e p t Oct $9.35-$ io.'is^ 'io so $ crop. 2 No quotation.

67 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 67 T a b l e A WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. LIVE STOCK: Hogs, light (range of quotations for common to choice, light bacon, and fair to fancy selected butchers ). [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $6.55-S Feb Mar A p r $ M a y '4(m6.* J u n e J u ly... $ A u g Sept D ec... $9.00-$ * LIVE STOCK: Sheep, ewes, plain to fancy. [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] $ A pr J u ly O ct May A u g J u n e S e p t D ec ^* $ LIVE STOCK: Sheep, lambs, good to prime. [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan Feb Mar A pr $ll M a y... "ii.'35^*ii.'75* J u n e : J u ly ^ A u g Sept Nov D ec $

68 6 8 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. LIVE STOCK: Sheep, wethers, fed, common to best. [Price 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb $6.60-$ CL-8.50 Mar '8. 75* A p r $8.25-$ May * J u n e J u ly... A u g... $7.00-$ « S e p t O ct... $7.25-$ D ec : $ PEANUTS: No. 1 grade. [Price pound, at Norfolk, on the first of each month; quotations from the Virginian-Pilot.] Jan... Feb Mar... $0.03f-$ f A p r M ay... J u n e... $0.03 $0, * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0, Oct D ec... $0,031.03f $0.03f-.03. $ POULTRY: Live fowls, at Chicago. [Price pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Tribune.] Jan... $0.154 A p r $0. 19 J u ly... $0,.174 O ct... $0.15 -$ Feb..164 May $0, 174-! 18 A u g... $0.17 -! $ , Mar J u n e Sept D ec ! , $ POULTRY: Live fowls, choice, at New York. [Price pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... $0.16 -$ A p r $0.21-$0.22 J u ly... $0.174 O ct... $0.18-$ Feb.17 May.19 Aug $0, Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ i No quotation for grade carried.

69 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 69 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Concluded. TOBACCO: Burley, dark red, good leaf. [Price 100 pounds, at Louisville, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Western Tobacco Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $14.00-$ Feb Mar A p r S14.00-S M ay June * J u ly... S15.00-S Aug S e p t O ct... D ec... S15.00-S ' S FOOD, ETC. BEANS: Medium, choice. [Price 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... S6.80-S6.85 A p r S6.65 J u ly... S9.75.$8.75 Feb May S A u g... S N ov Mar June Sept $ $ BR E A D : Crackers, oyster, dot, in boxes. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... S0.07 A p r $0.07 J u ly... $0.07 O ct... $0.08 Feb..07 May.07 A u g Mar Ju n e Sept.07 D ec $ BR EAD: Crackers, soda, in boxes. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.07 A p r $0.07 J u ly... $0.07 O ct... $0.08 Feb.07 May.07 A u g Mar J u n e Sept $ BREAD : Loaf, at Chicago. [Price lm f on the fifteenth of each Weight before baking varied from 16 ounces in October to 13 ounces in December. For computed pound (before baking), see p. 143.] Jan... $0.04 A p r $0.04 Ju ly... $0.04 O c t... $0.05 tfeb..04 May.04 A u g Mar J u n e Sept $ crop.

70 70 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. BREAD: Loaf, at Cincinnati. [Price loaf on the fifteenth of each Weight before baking, varied from 15 ounces in January to 13 ounces in December. For computed pound (before baking), see p. 144.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.04 A p r $0.04 Ju ly... $0.04 O ct... $0.04 Feb..04 May.04 A u g Mar Ju n e Sept $ BREAD: Loaf, at New Orleans. [Price loaf, on the fifteenth of each Weight before baking varied from 18 ounces in July to 14-i- ounces in December. For computed pound (before baking), see p. 143.] Jan... $0.04 A p r $0.04 J u ly... $0.04 Oct.. $0.04 Feb..04 May.04 A u g Mar Ju n e Sept.04 D ec $ BREAD: Loaf, at New York. [Price loaf on the fifteenth of each Weight before baking varied from 14J ounces in January to Ilf ounces in November. For computed pound (before baking), see p. 144.] Jan... $0.04 A p r $0.04 J u ly... $0.04 Oct $0.04 Feb. Mar May J u n e A u g... S ept N ov $ BREAD: Loaf, at San Francisco. [Price loaf, on the fifteenth of each Weight before baking varied from 16 ounces in January to 14* ounces in December. For computed pound (before baking), see p. 144.] Jan... $0.04 A p r... $0.04 Ju ly... $0.04 Oct $0.04 Feb.04 May.04 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.04 D ec $ BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at Boston. [Price >pound on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Market Report of the Boston Chamber of Commerce.] Jan... $0.32 A p r $0.36 J u ly... $0.29 $ * * Feb..32 May.34 A u g * * *.39.30*.32*.39 Mar June Sept.33 Dec, *.29* *.29*.34*.39.35*. $0.3342

71 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 71 T a b l e A.- WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. EO OD Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at Boston. [Price pound on Wednesday of eacli week; quotations from the W eekly Market Report of the Boston Chamber of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... SO.27 -SO. 29 A p r SO. 35 Ju ly... S0.274-S0.28 Oct SO SO ' SO Feb May A u g J Mar J u n e Sept D ec SO.3183 BUTTER: Creamery, seconds, at Boston. [Price pound on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Market Report of the Boston Chamber of Commerce.] Jan... SO. 25 A p r $0.34 July----- SO. 264 SO $0, $0, SO Feb..254 May.324 Aug $0, Mar June Sept $ BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at Chicago. [Price pound on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Jan... $0.32 Apr $0.36 J u ly... SO.274 O c t $ $0, F eb,,..304 M a y A u g Mar June S ept $0.3254

72 72 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, extra firsts, at Chicago. [Price pound at close of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.30 -$0.31 A p r $0.35* J u ly... $0.26*-$0.27 Oct.... $0.33 -$0I.33J.29 -,.30.34*.26*-,.27.33* *-, *-,.29* $ i.26f f *-, Feb.28*,.29 M a y A u g....27*- '.28 N ov *.27f ,.28*.35* , ,. 33a.28*-.28*.30*.40*-.41 Mar....33*-.34 June....28J-.28* Sept D e c....38*.33 -, *.30*- '.31.35* *.27f * * *.32 -,.32 '.37*-.38. $ BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at Chicago. [Price pound at close of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Jan... SO.26 -SO.28 Apr $0.34 -SO.35 J u ly... $0.25*-$0 261 S0.3H-S0.32* * i *.25* * * *.25f- 26*.32* *.25*- 26*.32*- 33i Feb.25*-.27* M a y A u g * N ov i *.27-27* *.27*- 28* * * * Mar J u n e....27*-.28 Sept D e c * * *.27*.29-30* * *.26* *- 31* $ BUTTER: Whole milk, extra, at Cincinnati. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.] Jan... $0.35* A p r $0.40 J u ly... SO. 31* O c t... $ *.38* *.38* *.38* F eb M a y A u g N ov *.34.32*.40*.35*.32.33* * 34* Mar June S e p t....35* $ *.42* *. $ i No quotation.

73 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 73 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 191& Continued. FO OD Continued. BU TTER: Creamery, centralized firsts, at Cincinnati. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0,294 A p r $0.34 J u ly $ Feb.28 M a y A u g Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ BUTTER: Creamery, centralized seconds, at Cincinnati. Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.] Jan... $0,264 A p r $0.31 J u ly... $0.25 Oct $ Feb :25 M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.264 D ec $ BUTTER: Creamery, Elgin, at Elgin, 111. [Price pound based on majority of sales within each week; quotations from the Elgin Dairy Report.] Jan... $0.31 A p r $0.36 J u ly... $0.274 $0, Feb.304 M a y A u g s* Mar J u n e Sept D ec $0.3274

74 74 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, fancy, at New Orleans. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.37 A pr $0.39 J u ly... $0.31 O c t. $0.37* *.34.37*.30*.37*.34.36*.30* F eb M ay.35 A u g....30* N ov *.33* * $0.31* Mar....37* J u n e Sept D ec *.42. $ BUTTER: Creamery, choice, at New Orleans. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Jan... $0.36 A pr $0.38* J u ly... $0.30* O ct... $0.36*.33* *.33*.36*.29*.36*.33.35* Feb.32 M ay.34* A u g *.32.34*.30*.38*.32*.32.31* * Mar....36* J u n e Sept D ec * *.31* *.30.35*.41. $ BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at New York. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.33 -$0.33* A pr $0.37* J u ly... $0.29 O ct... $ *.28* * * $ * Feb.,.30* M ay $0.33f-.34 A u g * i.30.38* * 30*.31.41*.34* i-.30^ $ * * Mar *.32* J u n e o* *37* S e p t....33i-.33* D ec....39j-.39* * *.38.29* * i *. $0.3409

75 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 75 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at New York. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.28 -SO J i A p r----- M ay J u n e... $0.364-$ f f J u ly... A u g... Sept... SO. 27i-$ ? Oct. N ov.. D ec. S0.344-S f f SO BUTTER: Creamery, seconds, at New York. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... SO. 25 -SO. 274 A pr SO.35 -SO. 36 J u ly... SO SO. 33 -SO , , , , M ay... Feb.32 -.,.324'. A u g N ov , Mar Ju n e Sept D ec......*36 - *37* , *-.36. S BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at Philadelphia. [Price pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the Philadelphia Commercial List and Price Current.] Jan... $0.34 A p r SO. 37 J u ly... SO. 29 Oct SO Feb.32 M ay.33 A ug N ov Mar Ju n e Sept D ec SO. 3460

76 *76 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, extra firsts, at Philadelphia. [Price pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the Philadelphia Commercial List and Price Current.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.2&-$0.31 A p r $0.36* J u ly... $0.28 Oct $0.35-SO. 35* * * *.28*.35 Feb M ay.32* A u g * * * Mar Ju n e Sept D ec * $ BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at Philadelphia. [Price pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the Philadelphia Commercial List and Price Current.] Jan... $0.27-$0. 29 A p r $0.36 J u ly... $0.27 O ct... $0.34* * $ * *.34* Feb M ay.32 A ug.28.35* , *.39 Mar ,.34 June Sept D ec , * $ BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at San Francisco. [Price pound on Thursday of each week; quotations from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Jan... Feb $0.26*.27*.28*.28*.29* * Mar *.28*.28* A p r M ay $ *.24* *.25.25* J u n e *.24*.24* J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ *.26*.26.26*.26*.26* '30*.30.30*.31* $0.32* *.32*.33.34*.34*.36 Dec.35*.33* $

77 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 77 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at San Francisco. [Price pound on Thursday of each week; quotations'from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb $ * * Mar i.27*.27* A p r M a y... $ *.24.23*.23*.23*.25 J u n e....24*.25.23*.23*.24 J u ly... $ *.25* A u g * S e p t *.28* $ * *.33*.33* *.32*.33. $ CANNED GOODS: Com, New York Standard. [Price dozen cans, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.75 A p r $0.75 J u ly... $0.75 $0.90 Feb.75 May.75 A u g Mar J u n e S e p t... $0.77*-.82* $ CANNED GOODS: Peas, Admiral, State, and West, No. 5. [Price dozen cans, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.70-$0.72* A p r $0.70-$0.72* J u ly... $0.70-$0.72* O ct... $5.85-$0.90 Feb * M ay * A u g * Mar * J u n e * Sept $ CANNED GOODS: Tomatoes, standard New Jersey, No. 3. [Price dozen cans (5-inch can containing 34 ounces net), at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.15 A p r $1.15 J u ly... $1.15 O ct... $1.50 Feb 1.15 May 1.15 A ug Mar J u n e Sept $ CHEESE: Whole milk, American twins, at Chicago. [Price pound at close of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Jan... $0.16*-$0.17 A p r $0.16*-$0.16* J u ly... $0.14* O ct... $0.18*-$0.18f 16* *-.,17.14* ,16* $0.14*-., !.17* *. 14*-.,14* * *-.,14* * Feb May * A u g....14*-., 14J *.17*-., * 14 -., *.17* *.15*-.,15.24*-.25,17* ,16*.15*-.15f * Mar !,17 June ,14* Sept.17f-.18 D ec....23*-.23- f. 16*.16*.141-.,14*.1 7 f-.,18 ; * *.14* *.22* *-. 14f.18*.22*-.22. $0.1744

78 78 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. CHEESE: State, whole milk, colored,, fancy, at New York. [Price pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month., Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar., $0.16*-$0.16!.16* *-.16! * * * * * *.17*-.17* * A p r May.., J u n e... $0.17 -SO. 17*.16*-.16!. 16*-!l6*.16*-.16;.1 r l.17* !.14*-.14*.li.li.15* J u ly... A u g... Sept $0.15* $ * : i5i.15*.1 5! *-.16* ! 18i- :lt *.19*-.19 O ct. N ov.. D ec, $0.20* 203 $0. 20*-! 20! * 21.23*.24.23*-.24 *.23*^- *23!.23* * *. $ CHEESE: California flats, fancy, at San Francisco. [Price pound on Thursday of each week; quotations from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Jan. Feb., Mar. $0 A p r.. May.. J u n e... $ *. 12*. 12*.13*.14 :\n July.. A ug.. Sept.. $0.14*.13* O ct. N ov.. D ec. $0 16* 16* * $ COFFEE: Rio, No. 7, Brazil grades. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb Mar. $ *.09* A pr May J u n e... $0.09*.09 J u ly... A u g... Sept $ J.092 O ct... D ec... $0.09*.09*.09*. $ EGGS: Firsts, western, at Boston. [Price dozen on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Market Report of the Boston Chamber of Commerce.] Jan... $0.32 A p r... $0.21*-$0.22 Ju ly... $0.23*-$0.24 Oct $0.33 -$ * * * $ * Feb May.22*-.23 A u g N ov * * * * Mar J u n e....22*-.23 S ept D ec * * * * *. $0.2913

79 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 79 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. EGGS: Firsts, at Chicago. [Price dozen on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar., $ $ *.23* * * A p r M ay... June. $0.19H&0.19* " V * 20*-.2 20* f 20* * J f * * July... A u g... Sept $0.21f-$ *-, ,.22*.22 -,.22* !.23*.23 -, , ,.25*.25* *.29*-,.30.29*-,.30 O ct. N ov., D ec. $0.30 -$ * * *-.32* * * ".38*^* ** $ EGGS: Firsts, fresh, at Cincinnati. [Price dozen on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.] Jan... $0.32* A p r $0.19* J u ly... $0.22* $0.31*.30.19*.23*.34.32*.26* Feb..27* M a y....20* A u g i f l * *.41 Mar i4 J u n e....20*.20*.21.29*.30*.31* S ept... *'*$6.37-'. 40*.38*.21* $ EGGS: Candled, western (Louisiana, from the third week in January through the fourth week in September), at New Orleans. [Price dozen on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Jan... $0.30-$0.31 A p r $0.19 J u ly... $0.18*-$0.19 O c t... $0.30-$ * * Feb * M a y A u g *.19.21* *.19.21* $ * *.23*-.24 Mar June Sept ' ~ * $0.2435

80 8 0 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. EGGS: Firsts, fresh gathered, at New York. [Price dozen on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan $0.34 A p r $0.20f-$0.22 J u ly... $0.23f-$0.24* Oct, $0.33-$ *.21*-,.22*.23f-.24* * * * , *.25*-.26* * F eb M a y....21*-,.22* A u g....26* * i * * *-,. 23f.28 -, Mar !.22* J u n e * Sept D ec * , , f.23*.3 2 -, f-,.21*.23*-,.24*.3 2 -, to to 1. $ EGGS: Extra firsts, western, at Philadelphia. [Price dozen on Friday of each week; computed from quotations in the Philadelphia Commercial List and Price Current.] Jan... $0.35 A p r $0.22* J u ly... $0.25 O ct... $ *.25* * $ * * Feb.31 M a y....22* A u g * *.23} *. 23* Mar J u n e....23* S e p t D ec * *.23* * * $ EGGS: Fresh, selected, pullets, at San Francisco. [Price dozen on Thursday of each week; quotations from the Pacific Daily Review.] Jan... $0.29* A p r $p.19* J u ly... $0.22* Oct.. $ * * * * F e b M a y....19* A u g....26*.37*.25.19* *.17*.21* Mar....16* J u n e S e p t....32* *.22*.34.31*. 19*.22*. $ FISH : Cod, large, shore (pickled, cured). [Price 100 pounds, at Gloucester, Mass., on the first of each ] Jan... $7.75 A p r... $7.85 J u ly... $8.25 O ct., $8.25 F e b..., M a y A u g M ar..., 7.75 J u n e S e p t $8.0417

81 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 81 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. FISH : Herring, pickled, domestic split, large. [Price barrel of pounds, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Fishing Gazette.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A p r M a y... Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $7.00-$ $6.50-$ $ FISH: Mackerel, salt, large, No. 3s. [Price barrel, 200 pounds net, at Boston, on the first of each ] Jan... $13.00 A pr $13.00 J u ly... $13.50 Oct $15.00 Feb May A ug Mar June S e p t D ec $ n FISH: Salmon, canned, Alaska, red. [Price dozen cans, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb Mar... $1.55 -$ A pr May June... $1.57 -$l * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $1.60 -$ i O ct... N ov... $1.80-$l $ FLOUR: Buckwheat. [Price 100 pounds in bulk, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.85-$3.00 A pr $2.90-$3.00 J u ly... O ct... Feb May A ug... $4.65-$5.25 Mar June... h S e p t... W Dec $ FLOUR: Rye, pure, medium straight. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, at Minneapolis, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $4.50-$ Feb Mar A p r $4.80-$ May...4." 80-* 4* 90* J u n e J u ly... $5.10-$ A u g * S e p t O ct... $6.50-$ $ i Bull No quotation.

82 82 W HOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. FLOUR: Wheat, winter patents, at Kansas City. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in jute, f. o. b. Kansas City, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ Apr $5.40 Ju ly... $4.40-$4.60 Oct $ Feb M ay A u g Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ FLOUR: Wheat, winter straights, at Kansas City. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in jute, f. o. b. Kansas City, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $5.10-$5.35 A pr $4.95-$5.15 J u ly... $4.20-$4.50 O ct... $7.15-$ F e b., M ay A u g Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ FLOUR: Wheat, standard patents, at Minneapolis. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in wood, f. o. b. Minneapolis, on Tuesday of cach week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $6.30-$ F eb Mar A pr $6.05-$ M a y J u n e J u ly... $5.60-$ A u g S e p t O ct... $8.50-$ $7.2639

83 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 83 T able A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF -COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. FLOUR: Wheat, second patents, at Minneapolis. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in wood, f. o. b. Minneapolis, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $6.10-$6.40 A pr $5.90-$6.35 Ju ly... $5.45-$5.65 Oct $8.40-$ * Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar Ju n e Sept D ec " $ FLOUR: Wheat, first patents, from soft wheat, at St. Louis. (Price barrel of 196 pounds, in cotton, f. o. b. St. Louis, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $5.35-$5.55 A pr $5.15-$5.40 July... $4.85-S5.00 Oct $7.35-$ Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar June S e p t D ec $ FLOUR: Wheat, second patents, from soft wheat, at St. Louis. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in cotton, f. o. b. St. Louis, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $5.10-$5.25 A p r $4.75-$5.00 J u ly... $4.65-$4.80 O ct... $7.10-S Feb May A u g N ov Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $5.9654

84 84 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. FLOUR: Wheat, patent, from soft winter wheat, at Toledo. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in wood, f. o. b. Toledo, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan $6.00-$6.10 A p r $5.45-$5.60 Ju ly... $5.00-$5.10 Oct $7.30-$ ^ Feb May A u g Mar June Sept D ec $ FLOUR: Wheat, straight, from soft winter wheat, at Toledo. [Price barrel of 196 pounds, in wood, f. o. b. Toledo, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Weekly Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $ A p r $5.35-$5.50 J u ly... $ O ct... $7.20-$ Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar June Sept D ec $ F R U IT : Apples, evaporated, choice. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb,. Mar... $0,074-! i06p.. P ooo A p r M ay... Ju n e... $0.05f-$0.06* * * July... A u g... S ept... $0.06 -$0.06* * O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.06 $0.07J-.07*.08*-.08*. $ F R U IT : Apples, fresh, Baldwin. [Price barrel, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... *2.50-$3.25 A p r $3.00-$3.25 J u ly... $3.00-$3.50 O ct $3.50-$ Feb...2.* 75-3.* 25 May 3.00 Aug Q) OO Mar June Sept Dec * ( $3.1678

85 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 85 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. FRU IT : Bananas, Jamaica, 8s. [Price bunch, at New York, ex dock f. o. b., on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $0.50-S A p r May June... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept $1.15-SI Oct N ov... D ec... $0.90-SI $ FRU IT : Currants, uncleaned, in barrels. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ f.09^-.09 A p r M ay... J u n e... $0.10 -SO.10*.10*-.iof.10*-.10* Ju ly... Aug----- S e p t... SO. 12J-S J-.13 Oct D e c,. $0.15 SO. 17f-. 18* $ FR U IT: Lemons, California. [Price box, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $3.75-S4.00 A p r $2.50-S2.75 J u ly... $3.75-S4.00 Oct $4.50-$ F eb M ay Aug N ov Mar June S e p t D ec $ FRUIT: Oranges, California (Valencias from second week in June through fourth week in November, navels during remainder of year). [Price box, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $2.25-S Feb Mar A p r S2.00-S M a y '66^* J u n e J u ly... S3.50-S A u g S e p t O ct... D ec.... $4.00-S S FRUIT: Primes, California, 60s to 70s, in 25-pound boxes. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb. Mar. $0.07 SO A p r May June... $0.06J-S0.06f f-.07 J u ly... A u g... S e p t... S0.07J.07 SO SO. 07f-S D ec SO. 0736

86 8 6 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1800 TO T a b l e A WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. FRUIT: Raisins, California, coast seeded (bulk). [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.J Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... *4.4. O O O O m HnhIwHw O O O A p r M a y... June... m.. P o o o o SSS J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ * O ct... $0.07 0).08. $ GLUCOSE: 42 mixing. [Price 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $2.26 A p r $2.21 J u ly... $2.31 Oct $2.71 Feb 2.31 May 2.41 A u g Mar June S e p t $ L A R D ; Prime, contract. [Price pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... Oct $ ( $ F eb May A ug ( 2) Mar June Sept D ec , $ MEAL: Corn, fine white. [Price 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $ A p r $2.00 J u lv... $1.95 Oct $2.10 Feb 1.90 M a y A u g N o v $ Mar 1.90 June S e p t D e c $ M EAL: Corn, fine yellow. [Price 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb, Mar... $1.70-SI A pr M a y... June... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D e c... $2.10 $ $ a Holiday.

87 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 87 T a b le A. W HOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. MEAT: Bacon, short clear sides, smoked, loose. [Price pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.) Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar $0.12 -SO. 12* * * * \ i2i^*\ i2 i * *.13*-.131 Apr. M ay.., June... $0.13 -$ * #*\"i4*^\ i4*' f *.14*-.14* * *.14* J u ly... A u g.. Sept. $0.15f-$0.15f f * 15f-.15* 15f f i f # O ct. N o v... Dec. $0.16*-$0.16* *-.16*-.16*-.16*-.16*- 16* * $ MEAT: Bacon, rough sides, smoked, loose. [Price pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $0. ll*-$ *.12*-. 12{. 12f-.12* 12 ~ J f f f f-.13 J A p r M ay.. June... $0.13 -$0.13*.13-13i.13* *-.13*. is * * * *.13* *-.14* -14* *-.15* J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.15*-$0 i5f Oct.15* *- 15*.15-15*.15-15* N o v.15-15* - m *! l 5 t » D ec....15* * * $0.15f-$ f-.15!. 15f ~ * *-. 16f.15* *-.15*.14*-.15. $ MEAT: Beef, fresh carcass, good native steers. [Price pound, at Chicago, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... $0.13 *-=$0.14 Apr $0.13*-$!3.14 July... $0.14 -$0.14* Oct.. $0.13*-$ * * *.13* * * *.13* * * * *-.14 Feb * M ay.13*-.14 A u g....13*-.14 N o v.13* ^ * * *-,.14.13* * * * * * *-.14 Mar...13*-.14 June....13*-.14 S e p t....13j-.14 D ec,.13* * *- -.14*.13* * *.13* * *.13* * * *.13* $0.1382

88 8 8 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. MEAT: Beef, fresh, native sides. [Price pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Tribune. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. J an... $0.10 -$0.14 Apr $0.ll*-$0. 14* July... $ $0.ll-$0.14J ,.14*.12* ,.14*.11 -,.14* *.11 -,.14* * Feb May.11 -,.14* A u g ,.15* N o v * *.12*-, * *.11*-.14*.13 -,.15* *, (1).13 -,.15.12*-.15* *.10*-,.14.12*-,.15 Mar... ' June S e p t....12*-.16 Dec *. u -.14*.14 -,.16*.124-, * *.12 -,.15* *. l i j -.14*.13 -,.16.11* *. $ M EAT: Beef, salt, extra mess. [ weekly barrel of 200 pounds, at New York; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $16.50-$ Feb Mar A p r $16.50-S M ay June J u ly... $18.00-$ Aug----- "*i8. 66^ i S e p t KX) O ct... $ N ov ^ D ec $ M EAT: Hams, smoked, loose. [Price pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.! Jan... $0.14*-$0.16 Apr $0.17f-$0.18f July... $0.18*-$0.19* Oct $0.19 -$0.19*.15* *.18*-.19* *.15* *-.19* *.16* *. 19* *.19*-. 20 Feb.16*-.17 M ay A u g....18*-.19* *.16* /.18*-.19* *.16* *-.19* *.16* *-. 19*. 20*-.20f.16* f *-.19* Mar....16*-.17 J u n e Sept....18*-.19* D ec * *-.19* *.17*-.18* *-.19*.19* *-.19* *. $ No quotation. a Holiday.

89 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 89 Table A. WHCWUESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. M EAT: Lamb, dressed, round. [Price pound, at Chicago, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Month. Jan. Feb. Mar. Price. $0 8* Month. A p r J u n e... Price. Month. $0 & July... A u g..., Sept.., Price. $ * Month. Oct. N ov., Dec. Price. $ M EAT: Mutton, dressed. [Price pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Tribune.] Jan... $0.09 -$0.12 A pr $0.10 -$0.15 J u ly... $0.11 -$0.15* O ct... $0.10 -$ ,12*.11 -., , * , *.11 -.,16.12*-., Feb.09*-..12 M ay.11 -.,16 A u g....12*-. 15* , , * *-..16* , ,14.12*-., , , ,14 Mar Ju n e ,13 Sept ,15 D ec , , * * , * $ MEAT: Pork, salt, mess, old to new. [Price barrel of 200 pounds, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $19.00-$ A pr $24.00-$ M ay Ju n e J u ly... $26.50-$ A u g... * 28.00^ *28." 50* S ept Oct Nov Dec $ *3i."50-32." $ Holiday.

90 90 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FO OD Continued. M EAT: Poultry, dressed fowls, iced. [Price pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price.. $ M EAT: Poultry, dressed fowls, western* dry packed, dry picked, 48 to 15 pounds to the dozen. [Price pound, at New York, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... $0 16 A pr $0.20 J u ly... $0.21* Oct,., $0.22* 17*.21.21*.23 18* * 18* Feb 19 M ay.22* A u g N ov....22* $ *.22 $0.21* * * *.22*.21* Mar... 18* June... $0.22*-.23' Sept $-.22* D ec *.22*.22.19* Jan... $0.14 -$0..15 A p r $0.17 -$0,.18 J u ly... $0.16*-$0.,17 Oct,.. $0.17 -$0.17* * *-.,17.15* ,.16.18* ,15.17* *- 16* Feb M ay,19 A u g....i * N ov !.18* *.15 -!.15* * * , 15* 19* * *-!, * Mar June....18*-.,19 Sept * D ec....i *.18 -., , *. 17*- :.18.16*-., * *-.19*- 19* *.22.22*.22*.20* 21*.22. $ MEAT: Veal, city dressed, good to prime. [Price pound, at New York, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... $0.18 A p r $0.17 July... $0.19 Oct.. $ *.20.18* Feb May.16* A u g N ov....18*.19 $ *.20.19* *.20 $ * * Mar J u n e S e p t D ec....20*-.20* * * *-.21. $ M ILE: Fresh, at Chicago (vicinity). [Price quart each month; net at shipping station, computed from the 8-gallon can, delivered on the Chicago platform with the freight of 16* cents can prepaid; quotations from the Milk News.] Jan... Feb M a r,... $ A pr M ay... Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct. N ov... D ec... $ $0.0390

91 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 91 T a b l e A W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F COM M ODITIES, FR O M JA N U A R Y TO D ECEM BER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. M ILE: Fresh, at New York (vicinity). [Price quart each month; net at shipping station subject to freight rate to New York of 26 cents can of 40 quarts; computed from quotations in the Milk Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r May June... $ J uly... A u g... S ept... $ Oct N ov... $ $ M ILE: Fresh, at San Francisco (vicinity). [Price quart each month; net at farmers shipping station; quotations furnished by the State Dairy Bureau of California.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r M ay... J u n e... $ July... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... D ec... $ $ MOLASSES: New Orleans, open kettle. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb Mar... $0.40-$ A p r May June... $0.40-$ J uly... A u g... S e p t... $0.40-$ Oct, D ec... $0.40-^ $ OLEOMARGARINE: Standard quality, uncolored, in 1-pound cartons. [Price pound, f. o. b. Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.17 A pr $0.18 J u ly... $0.19 O ct... $0.20 Feb M ay Aug Mar Ju n e S e p t $ / OLEO OIL: Extra. [Price pound, at Chicago, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the National Provisioned] Jan... Feb.... Mar... $0.12 -$0.12*.12*- 12f.12*-.12 M ^y... June... $0.13-SO. 13J.14* * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.13-$0.13* * * O ct... Dec SO. 14* $ OLIVE OIL: French, bulk. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb.... Mar... SI. 75-$l A p r... May June... $1.75-$l July... A u g... S e p t... $1.75-$l O ct... N ov... $ $1.8417

92 92 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. OLIVE OIL: Italian. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] ' Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r May Ju n e... $ July... A u g... S e p t... $1.85-$ N ov... D ec... $ $ R ICE: Honduras, head. [Price pound, at New Orleans, on the first of each month; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Jan... Feb.. Mar... $0.04-$ $ A p r May Ju n e... $0.04-$ J J uly... A u g... S e p t... $0.04-$ O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.04 -$ *-.05*. $ S A L T : American, medium. [Price barrel of 280 pounds, at Chicago, on the first of each ] m Jan... $1.07 A pr $1.17 J u ly... $1.17 O ct... $1.17 Feb May 1.17 A u g N ov Mar June S e p t Dec $ SODA: Bicarbonate of, American. [Price pound, f. o. b. works, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A p r May June... $ J u ly... Aug----- S e p t... $ Oct N ov... D ec... $ $ SPICES: Pep, black, Singapore. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan Feb. Mar... $0.16 $ *.19*-. 19$ A p r May Ju n e... $0.19 -$ 0.19*.17$ * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.17*-$0.17$ * $ Oct N ov... D ec... $0.17 -$0.17* $ STARCH : Corn, for culinary purposes, 401-pound packages in box. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar.... $0.06$.06$.06* A p r M ay... J u n e... $0.06$.06* J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.06$.06$.07 Oct. N ov... D ec... $0.07$.07$.07$. $0.0679

93 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 93 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Continued. SUGAR: 96 centrifugal. [Net pound, at New York, on Thursday of each week, including import duty of cents pound; quotations from Willett & Gray s Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal.] Month. Price. MSnth. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A p r May June... $ r J u ly... A u g... Sept $ Oct Dec. $ $ SUGAR: Granulated, in barrels. [Net pound, f. o. b. New York, on Thursday of each week, including import duty of 1.90 cents pound; quotations from Willett & Gray s Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ Oct $ Feb M a y A u g Mar June Sept $ TALLOW : Packers prime. [Price pound, at Chicago, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the National Provisioned] Jan... $0.08 -$0.08f A pr $0.10 -$0.10* July... $0.09 -$0.09$ Oct $0.10J-$0.10* Feb May l i i A u g * Ilf-.11* Mar * June * Sept D ec....11*-.11. $ T EA: Formosa, fine. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.23-$0.25 A p r $0.23-$0.25 J u ly... $0.23-$0.25 Oct $0.23-$0.25 Feb May A u g N ov Mar June Sept $0.2400

94 94 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FOOD Concluded. VEGETABLES, FRESH: Cabbage, white (range of domestic-grown cabbage from native and Danish seed). [Price ton (2,000 pounds), at New York, on Friday of each week; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ A p r $6.00-$10.00 Ju ly... Oct $35.00-$ Feb May A u g (}) Mar June... S ept... D ec (l) (*) (*) $30.00-$ (*) $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Onions. fprice 65 to 70 pound sack, at Chicago, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Chicago Daily 1 Trade Bulletin.] * Jan... Feb. Mar... $1.00-$ A p r May June... $1.00-$ ) J u ly... A u g... Sept $ Oct N ov... D e c.., $1.25-$ $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Potatoes, white, good to choice. [Price bushel, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $0.85-$ Feb Mar A p r $0.85-$ M ay... ' J u n e J u ly... $0.75-$ A u g Sept Oct $ D ec $ VINEGAR, CIDER: 40-grain, in 45-gallon barrels. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.13* A p r $0.13* Ju ly... $0.13* $0.11* Feb..13* May * A u g....13*.11* M ar....13* J u n e....13* Sept.13*.11*. $ No quotation.

95 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 95 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING. BAGS: Cotton, 2-bushel, Amoskeag, 16-ounce. [Price bag on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.18 A p r $0.20 J uly... $0.20$ Oct $0.26 Feb..20 May.20 A u g N ov Mar.20 Ju n e S ept D ec $ BLANKETS: All-wool, 11-4, 5 pounds to the pair. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... $1.25 A pr $1.25 J uly... $1.50 Oct $1.50 Feb 1.25 May 1.25 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept $ BLANKETS: Cotton, colored, 2 pounds to the pair, 54 to 74 inches. [Price pair on the first of each ] J a n. $0.64 A p r $0.64 July... $0.71 Oct $0.84 Feb May.71 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s split seamless Creedmores, [Price pair to the jobber on the first of each ] double sole, standard screw or pegged. Jan... Feb. Mar... $ $) 1.29*25 A p r May J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ D ec... $ $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s vici calf, Goodyear welt, blucher, vici calf top, single sole. [Price pair on the first of each ] Jan... $3.35 A p r----- $3.50 J uly... $3.75 O c t... $4.00 Feb May 3.60 A u g Mar Ju n e S ept D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s gun metal, Goodyear welt, blucher, mat cab. top, cap toe, ^-double sole, 11-inch heel. [Price pair on the first of each ] Jan... $2.30 A p r $2.45 J u ly... $2.65 Oct $2.95 Feb, May 2.50 A u g Mar Ju n e Sept $2.6750

96 96 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s gun metal, Goodyear welt, button, mat calf top, cap toe, ^-double sole, l*-inch heel. [Price pair on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $2.95 A pr $3.10 J u ly... $3.35 Oct $3.80 Feb May 3.15 A u g Mar J u n e Sept Dec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s vici kid, Goodyear welt. [Price pair to the jobber on the first of each ] Jan... $3.25 A pr $3.35 J u ly... $3.50 Oct $3.70 F eb May 3.40 A u g Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Women s gun metal, Goodyear welt, button, mat cab. top, cap ioe, single sole, vamp, lf-inch military heel. [Price pair on the first of each ] Jan... $2.40 A pr----- $2.55 J u ly... $2.75 $3.05 Feb May 2.60 A u g Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Women s patent leather pumps, McKay sewed, plain toe, single sole, f vamp, 2-inch Cuban heel. [Price pair on the first of each ] Jan... $1.55 A pr----- $1.75 July... $1.90 O ct... $2.15 Feb 1.60 May 1.80 A ug Mar June Sept D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Women s gun metal, McKay sewed, button, mat cab. top, cap toe, ^-double, medium sole, l*-inch military heel. [Price pair on the first of each ] Jan... $1.90 A pr $2.05 J u ly... $2.35 O ct... $2.70 F eb May 2.10 A u g N ov Mar Ju n e Sept D ec $ BROADCLOTH: First quality black, 54-inch, made from X X X wool, 16 ounces to the yard. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $2.55 A p r $3.10 July... $3.10 O ct... $3.10 Feb 2.55 M ay 3.10 A u g N o v 3.10 Mar J u n e S e p t Dec $3.0083

97 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 97 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. CALICO: American standard prints, 28-inch, 64 by 64, 7 yards to the pound, in the gray. (Price linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb. Mar. $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S ept... $ $ Oct. N o v.... D ec... $ $ CARPETS: Axminster, Lowell, 3-4. [Price linear yard on the first of each j Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A p r----- May June... $ July... A u g... S ept... $ N o v D ec.. $ $ CARPETS: Brussels, 5-frame, Bigelow. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar... $ i A p r I May 1 June... $ July... A u g... S ept... $ Oct... N o v D ec... $ SI CARPETS: Wilton, 5-frame, Bigelow. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r----- May June... $ July... A u g... S ept... $ Oct N ov D ec... $ $ COTTON FLANNELS: Colored, 26$-inch, 2f yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0. lof A p r $0. I l l J uly... $0.I ll O c t... $0.131 Feb..10 May.111 A u g....ll N o v.13$ Mar....10f Ju n e S e p t D ec....15f. $ COTTON FLANNELS: Unbleached, 31$-inch, 3$ yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each j Jan... $0,071 A p r $0.07 J u ly... $0.08$ $0.10 Feb.,.07 M a y A u g N ov.10 Mar June S e p t Bull $0.0857

98 98 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. COTTON THREAD : 6-cord, white, 200-yard spools, J. & P. Coats. [Price spool, freight paid, on the first of each m onth.3 Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar. $ A p r May J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct... N ov D ec... $ $ COTTON Y A R N S : Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 10/1. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0.21 A p r $0.22* J u ly... $0.25i Oct $0.30 Feb...22* May.24* A u g N o v.33* Mar...22 June S e p t D ec * $ COTTON YAR NS: Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones 22/1. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0.25* A p r $0.26 J u ly... $0.28* Oct $0.33 Feb..25* May.27* A u g....28! N ov.36* Mar... Ju n e S e p t....30* D ec * $ DENIMS: Massachusetts, 28-inch, 2.20 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.20 A p r $0.22 J u ly... $0.23 $0.24 F eb.22 M a y Aug N o v.25 Mar June S e p t D ec $ DRILLINGS: Brown, Pepell, 29-inch, 2.85 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.08 A p r $0.08* Ju ly... $0.08! O ct.. $0.09 F eb M a y....08* A u g N ov.11* Mar....08* June S e p t *. $ DRILLINGS: Brown, Massachusetts D standard, 30-inch, 2.85 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... F eb... Mar... $ * A p r M a y... Ju n e... $0.08* J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ *.10 O ct.. N ov... $ *. $0.0950

99 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 99 Table A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. FLANNELS: All-wool, white, 4-4, Ballard Vale, No. 3. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar $ A pr M ay June... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... Nov Dec.. $ $ GINGHAMS: Amoskeag, 27-inch, 6.37 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.07* A pr $0.08 J u ly... $0.08 O ct... $0.08* Feb..07 M ay.08 A u g N ov Mar..08 June Sept D e c $ GINGHAMS: Lancaster, 26*-inch, 6.50 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.06* A pr----- $0.07* J u ly... $0.07* $0.07* Feb.07 M ay....07* A u g....07* N ov... 07i Mar June....07* Sept....07* Dec..08. $ HORSE BLANKETS: All wool, 6 pounds each. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0.85 A pr $0.85 J u ly... $1.10 $1.10 Feb..85 M a y A u g Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ HOSIERY: Men's cotton half hose, seamless, fast black, 20 to 22 ounce, 160 needles, single thread carded yarn. [Price dozen pairs on the first of each ] Jan... $1.00 A pr $1.00 J u ly... $1.05 $1.25 Feb 1.00 M ay A ug Mar J u n e Sept $ HOSIERY: Women s cotton hose, full fashioned, high-spliced heel, double solo, 2-pounds, combed peeler yarn. [Price dozen pairs on the first of each j] Jan... $1.87* Apr $2.12* J u ly... $2.25 Oct.. $2.30 Feb 1.87* M a y * A u g Mar * J u n e * Sept $2.1667

100 100 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b le A WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued HOSIERY: Women s cotton hose, seamless, 26-ounce, 176 needles, single thread, carded yarn. [Price dozen pairs on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr----- M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct.. N ov... D e c... $ $ LEATHER : Chrome calf, dull or bright finish, B grade (range of s). [Price square foot, in general market, near the first of each month; quotations furnished by the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... Feb. Mar... $0.28-$ A pr M a y... June... $0.33-$ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.42-$ N ov... D ec... $0.45-$ $ LEATHER: Harness, California oak, No. 1. [Price pound, at Chicago, near the first of each month; quotations from Hide and Leather.] Jan... $0.46 A pr----- $0.47 J u ly... $0.49 $0.50 Feb.46 M a y A u g Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ LEATH ER: Sole, hemlock, middles, No. 1. [Price pound, in general market, near the first of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... * $0.32-$0.33 A pr----- $0.36 J u ly... $0.37 O ct.. $0.40-$0.41 Feb, M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept 37 D ec $ LEATHER: Sole, oak, scoured backs, heavy. [Price pound, in general market, near the first of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... $0.52-$0.54 A pr $0.62 J u ly... $0.63-$0.64 Oct $ F eb M a y... $ A u g Nov.74 Mar Ju n e.... G3-.64 S e p t ,64 OO 8. $ LINEN SHOE THREAD : 10s, Barbour. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... F eb... Mar... $ i A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... Aug----- S e p t... $ $ $1.3583

101 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 101 T a b ee A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. OVERCOATINGS: Covert cloth, all wool, double and twist, 14-ounce. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M ay Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ D ec... $ $ OVERCOATINGS: Kersey, wool-dyed, 28-ounce, 56-inch. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr----- M a y... Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ D ec... $ $ OVERCOATINGS: Soft-faced, black, plain twill, 24-ounce, inch. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $1.77f A pr $1.77 J u ly... $2.04f $2.04* Feb 1.77$ M ay 1.77f A u g f N ov f Mar J u n e... ]. 77f Sept f D ec f. $ PERCALE: Scout, 36-inch (5.35 yards to the pound in the gray). [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.06f-$0.07 A pr $0.07f-$0.08 J u ly... $0.08 -$0.08f $0.09i-$0.10 Feb M ay f Aug N ov... Mar f June Sept f-.10 D ec....10^-. l l j $ PRINT CLOTHS^ 27-inch, 64 by 60, 7.60 yards to the pound. [ weekly linear yard.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb.0350 M ay Aug Mar June S e p t $ SHEETINGS: Bleached, 10-4, Pepell. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.26 A pr $0.28 J u ly... $0.30 $0.32 Feb.28 M a y A u g N ov.321 Mar June S e p t D ec

102 1 0 2 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. SHEETINGS: Bleached, 10-4, Wamsntta S. T. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb M a r $ A pr 'M a y... J une... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N o v.... P e c... $ $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Indian Head, 2.85 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.07f A p r $0.08* J u ly... $0.08 O ct... $0.09 Feb. 7f M a y A u g N ov. l i i Mar....07f June S e p t D e c $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Pepell R, 3.75 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb.. Mar... «y:>.. P o o ḇ j A pr M a y... J une... $0.07*.07*.07 J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ * Oct, N ov... D ec... $0.09f.10*.11. $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Ware Shoals, L. L., 4 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan $0.05 Apr $0,061 Ju ly... $0.06f Oct $0.08* Feb.06 M ay.06 Aug.071 N ov.091 Mar June S e p t Dec 09. $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Fruit of the Loom. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] J a n. $0.08* A p r $0.09 Ju ly... $0.09* Oct $0.10 Feb.08f M ay.091 A u g....09* N o v.10 Mar June....09* S e p t D ec * $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Lonsdale. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar... & ' ' COOOCO o o o A p r M ay... June... $0.08* J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.08f.09.09* Oct N ov... D ec... $ *.11. $0.0913

103 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 103 Table A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Rough Rider. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ * A pr M a y... June... $0.08*.08.08f Ju ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.08f N ov D ec... $0.10* $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Wamsutta. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar. $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct N ov D ec... $ $ SIL K : Raw, Italian, classical. [Price pound, at New York, near the first of each month; quotations furnished by the publishers of the American Silk Journal.] J a n.... Feb Mar... $ A p r----- M a y... Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct.. N ov D ec... $ $ SIL K : Raw, Japan, Kansal, No. 1, [Price pound, at New York, near the first of each month; quotations furnished by the publishers of the American Silk Journal.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar June S e p t D ec $ SUITINGS: Clay worsted, diagonal, 12-ounce, inch, Washington Mills. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $1.47* A p r $1.62* J u ly... $1.65 O ct... $1.65 Feb 1.55 M a y * A u g N ov L7J3 Mar * Ju n e * S e p t D ec $ SUITINGS: Clay worsted, diagonal, 16-ounce, Inch, Washington Mills. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan $1.82* A p r $1.97* J u ly... $2.00 O ct... $2.00 Feb 1.87* May * A u g N ov 2.05 Mar 1.97* June S e p t D ec *. $1.9958

104 104 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. SUITINGS: Middlesex, wool-dyed, blue, 15-ounce, inoh. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price.. Jan... Feb. Mar $ A p r May J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ Month. Oct N ov... Price. $ $ SUITINGS: Serge, 11-ounce, inch, Fulton Mills. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb. M&r.,.. $ A pr May June... $ Ju ly... $ A u g Sept... ' O ct... Dec $ $ TICKINGS: Amoskeag, A. C. A., 32-inch, 2.05 yards to the pound. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0,140 A pr $0,150 J u ly... $0.155 Oct. $0,180 Feb.145 May.155 A u g N ov Mar.145 June Sept Dec $ TROUSERINGS: Fancy worsted, worsted warp and filling, worsted back, 16 to 17 ounce, 56-inch. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $2,250 A p r $2.385 J u ly... $2.875 Oct $ Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t Dec $ UNDERWEAR: Cotton, men s shirts and drawers, fiat fleece, 12 to 13 pounds dozen. [Price dozen garments on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $4.25 A pr $ J u ly... $4.50 O ct... $4.62 -$4. 75 Feb 4.25 M a y A u g Mar J u n e Sept... $ , 00. $ UNDERW EAR: Cotton, women s union suits, ribbed, 12 pounds dozen. [Price dozen suits on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $8.50 A p r $8.75-$9.00 July... $9.00 O ct... $9.00-$9.50 Feb 8.50 M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e..., S e p t D ec $ UNDERWEAR: Merino, shirts and drawers, natural color, full-fashioned, 50 cent wool, 24-gauge. [Price dozen garments on the first of each ] Jan... $12.69 A p r $13.50 J u ly... $13.50 Oct $13.50 Feb May A ug Mar June Sept Dec $

105 D E T A IL E D T A B L E S T A B L E A. 105 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. UNDERWEAR: Merino, union suits, natural color, 40 cent wool, circular, 24-gauge, light weight. [Price dozen suits on the first of each m onth.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $8.46 A p r $9.00 J u ly... $9.00 O c t.. $9.00 Feb 8.46 May 9.00 A u g N ov t)0 Mar J u n e S e p t D e c $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: All-wool, broadcloth, 10* ounces, inches. [Price linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r May June... $ J u ly... A u g... S ept... $ Oct N ov... D ec... $ $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: All-wool, French serge, 35 inches. [Price linear yard on the first of each month (less 3 cent if reduced to a cash basis).3 Jan... $0.33* A p r $0.38* J u ly... $0.43 O ct... $0.50 Feb.38J May.38J A u g....47* N ov....52* Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: All-wool, storm serge, double warp, 50-inch. [Price linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr May J u n e... $ July A u g... S e p t... $ Oct D e c... $ $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, cashmere, 36-inch, Hamilton. [Price linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... Feb, Mar... $ A p r May June... $ Ju ly... A u g... S e p t... $ D e c.... $ $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, poplar cloth, worsted filling, 36-inch. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.20 A pr $0.20 J u ly... $0.21 $0.21 Feb.20 May.21 A u g Mar June S e p t D ec $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, Sicilian cloth, 50-inch. [Price linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar.... $ A p r M ay... June... $ Ju ly... A u g... Sept... $ $ j A. $0.4549

106 106 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Concluded. WOOL: Ohio, fine fleece (X and X X grades), scoured. [Price pound, in eastern markets, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r May June... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct Dec $ $ W OOL: Ohio, medium fleece (one-fourth and three-eighths grades), scoured. [Price pound, in eastern markets, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr May J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S ept... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ WORSTED TARNS: 2-40s, Australian fine. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... $1.20 A pr $1.42* J uly... $1.47* O ct... $1.62* Feb 1.30 M ay A u g * N ov Mar J u n e * S e p t * $ WORSTED TARNS: 2-32s, crossbred stock. [Price pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0.88 A pr----- $0.95 July.... $1.10 Oct $1.15 Feb.88 M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ FUEL AND LIGHTING. ALCOHOL: Denatured, 180 proof. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotationsf rom the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.50 A pr $0.59 J u ly... $0.59 Oct $0.54 Feb.55 M a y A u g Mar J u n e S ept $ CANDLES: Adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.07* A pr $0.07* J u ly... $0.07* O ct... $0.07* Feb..07* May.07* A u g....07*.07* Mar....07* Ju n e....07* S e p t....07*.07. $0.0725

107 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 107 Table A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FUEL AND LIGHTING Continued. OOAL: Anthracite, broken. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M ay Ju n e... $ July... A u g... S ept... $ O ct... Dec... $ $ COAL: Anthracite, chestnut. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A pr May J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ COAL: Anthracite, egg. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r May Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ N ov... D ee... $ $ COAL: Anthracite, stove. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr May June... $ J uly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct D ec... $ $ COAL: Bituminous, Pittsburgh, run of mine. [Price ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. cars at Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.20 A p r $2.20 J uly... $2.20 O ct... $3.75 Feb 2.20 M ay Aug Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ COAL: Semibituminous, New River. [Price ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. cars at Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.50 A pr $2.45 J uly... $2.45 Oct $3.60 Feb 2.50 May 2.45 A ug Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $ COAL: Semibituminous, Pocahontas. [Price ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. Norfolk, Va., on the first of each ] Jan... $3.00 A pr $3.00 J u ly... $3.00 O ct... $4.50 F eb M ay A u g Mar J u n e Sept D ec $3.7292

108 108 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. FUEL AND LIGHTING Concluded. COKE: Connellsville, furnace. [Price ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. ovens, on the first Wednesday of each month; range of spot shipments and half-year delivery; quotations from the Iron Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month;" Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M a y... Ju n e... $ v J u ly... A u g... S ept... $2.50-$ Oct Dec $3.00-$ OO $ GASOLINE: Motor. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; to garages, in steel barrels; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.21 A pr $0.24 J u ly... $0.24 O ct... $0.22 Feb.22 M ay A u g Mar June S ept D e c...22 i. $ MATCHES: Globe, No. 1, in cases. [Prices case of 144 boxes, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.20 A pr $1.20 Ju ly... $1.20 Oct $1.20 Feb 1.20 M a y A u g N ov Mar 1.20 J u n e S ept D ec $ PETROLEUM: Crude, Pennsylvania. [Price barrel of 42 gallons, at the wells, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil City Derrick.] Jan... $2.25 A pr----- $2.60 J u ly... $2.60 O ct... $2.40 Feb 2.35 M a y A u g Mar J u n e Sept 2.30 Dec $ PETROLEUM: Refined, for export, in barrels, cargo lots, S. W. 110 fire test. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M a y... June... $ July A u g... Sept $ Oct D ec... $ $ PETROLEUM: Refined, 150 fire test, water-white, in barrels (jobbing lots). [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ July A u g... Sept $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $0.1217

109 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 109 T a b le A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS. AUGERS: Regular, 1-inch. [Price auger, at New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.23 A pr J u ly O ct... $0.29 Feb.25 May.29 A u g Mar June Sept.29 Dec $ AXES : Essex, pattern handled. [Price dozen, at New York, on the first of each!) Jan... $12.00 A pr $12.00 Ju ly... $12.00 $12.00 Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec $ BAR IRON: Best refined. [ monthly pound, at Philadelphia, net, 30 days (2 cent off for cash, prior to 15th of following month); quotations furnished by the Iron Merchants Association.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M ay... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ BAR IRON: From mill. [Price pound, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan $ $ Feb Mar A pr M a y... June... $ $ J u ly... A u g... Sept $ $ Oct. D ec... $ $ $ BUTTS: Loose pin, wrought steel, 3 by 3 inches. [Price dozen pairs, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.65 A pr $1.65 J u ly... $1.65 O ct... $1.65 Feb 1.65 M a y A u g N o v...: Mar, 1.65 J u n e Sept 1.65 D ec $ CHISELS: Regular, socket firmer, 1-inch. [Price chisel, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.23 A pr----- $0.23 J u ly... $0.27 O c t... $0.28 Feb.23 M ay A u g Mar June S ept D ec $0.2617

110 110 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS -Continued. COPPER: Ingot, electrolytic. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month-; quotations from the Iron Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb.2538 M ay A u g Mar June Sept.2775 Dec $ COPPER: Sheet, hot-rolled (base sizes). [Price pound, at New York, on the 1st of each ] Jan... $0.29 A pr $0.34J Ju ly... $0.37 $0.37J Feb.32 M ay....36i A u g....37* N ov Mar June....37* S ept....37* Dec $ COPPER: Wire, bare, No. 8, B. & S. gauge and heavier (base sizes). [Price pound, f. o. b. mill, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.24* A pr $0.28 J J u ly... $0.32 O ct... $0.31 Feb.271 May.31 A u g....30*.31f Mar June....32J Sept.30f D ec $ DOOR KNOBS: Steel, bronze-plated. [Price pair, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.35 A pr $0.35 J u ly... $0.37 Oct $0.40 Feb.35 May.37 A u g Mar.35 J u n e Sept.37 D ec $ FILES: 8-inch mill, bastard, Nicholson. [Price dozen on the first of each month, 2 cent off for cash in 10 days.] Jan... $0,915 A pr $1,045 Ju ly... $1,045 O ct... $1.161 Feb M ay A u g Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ HAMMERS: Maydole, No. 1*. [Price dozen, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $6.84 A pr $6.84 J u ly... $6.84 Oct. $6.84 Feb 6.84 M a y A u g N o v..., 6.84 Mar June Sept $6.8400

111 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. I ll T able A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. IRON ORE: Mesabi Bessemer, 55 cent. [Prioe ton of 2,240 pounds, at lower Lake ports, ofi the first Tuesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Trade Review.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $4.20 A pr $4.20 July... $4.20 Oct $4.20 Feb 4.20 M a y A u g Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $ LEAD: Pig, desilverized. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ O ct... D ec... $ $ LEAD PIPE. [Price 100 pounds, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $6.13 A p r $8.82 J u ly... $7.84 Oct, $7.60 Feb M a y A u g Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $ LOCKS: Common mortise, knob lock, 3 -inch. [Price lock, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.18 A pr $0.19' J u ly... $0.20 Oct $0.25 Feb...18 M a y A u g Mar June S ept D ec $ NAILS: Cut, 8-penny, fence and common. [Price 100-pound keg, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on or near the first of each month to jobbers; terms 60 days, 2 cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations computed from base s published in the Hardware Age.] Jan... Feb Mar... $2.10-$ Ajpr M a y... June... $2.45-$ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $2.70-$ O ct... N ov... D ec... $2.75-$ $2,625 NAILS: Wire, 8-penny, fence and common. [Price 100-pound keg, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on or near the first of each month to jobbers; terms 60 days, 2 cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations computed from base s published m the Hardware Age.] Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A p r.... M a y... Ju n e... $ $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $2.60-$ O ct... N ov... $ OO'. $2.5958

112 112 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PBODTTCTS Continued. PIG IRON: Basic. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. Mahoning or Shenango Valley furnace; quotations from the Iron Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar $ A pr M a y... June... $ J u ly... Sept... $ Oct Dec $ $ PIG IRON: Bessemer. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, at Pittsburgh; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb Mar.,. $ A pr M a y... June... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ O ct... Dec. $ s $ PIG IRON: Foundry No. 2, northern. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. Pittsburgh; quotations computed b y adding freight to at the valley furnace as published in the Iron Age.] Jan... $19.45 A pr $19.45 J u ly... $19.20 O ct... $20.95 Feb M a y A ug Mar June Sept D ec $ PIG IRON: Foundry No. 2, southern. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. Cincinnati; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $17.90 A pr $17.90 J u ly... $16.90 O ct... $18.03 Feb M a y A u g... ^ N ov Mar June Sept $ PIPE: Cast-iron, 6-inch. [ monthly ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. New York; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $29.00 A pr $30.50 J u ly... $30.50 Oct $31.50 Feb May A ug Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ PLANES: Sargent 414, jack-planes. [Price plane, at New York, on the first of each ] / Jan... $1.80 A pr $1.80 J u ly... $1.80 O ct... $1.80 Feb 1.80 M a y A ug Mar June Sept D ec $1.8000

113 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 113 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. QUICKSILVER: Jobbing lots. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $1.85 A pr $2.55 J u ly... $1.10 Oct $1.05 Feb 4.00 M a y A u g N ov Mar June Sept D ec $ SAWS: Cross-cut, Disston, No. 2, 6-foot, Champion tooth. [Price saw to small jobbers, f. o. b. Philadelphia, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.79 A pr $1.88 J u ly... $2.07 Oct $2.07 F eb 1.79 M ay A u g N ov Mar June Sept $ SAW S: Hand, Disston, No. 8, 26-inch, skewback. [Price dozen to small jobbers, f. o. b. Philadelphia, on the first of each ] Jan... $15.60 A pr $16.38 J u ly... $18.02 Oct. $18.02 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar June S e p t Dec, $ SHOVELS: Ames, No. 2, cast-steel, long-handle, round-point, back-strap, black. [Price dozen on the first of each ] Jan... $7.43 A pr $7.43 J u ly... $8.45 Oct $8.92 Feb 7.43 M a y A u g N ov 9.44 Mar June S ept D ec $ SILVER: Bar, fine. [ monthly ounce, at New York; quotations furnished by the Director of the Mint.] Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A pr M a y... Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ N ov Dec $ $ STEEL BILLETS: Bessemer. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, at Pittsburgh; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb., Mar... $ A pr M a y... i Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ O ct... N o v.... Dec $ ! Bull $

114 114 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. STEEL PLATES: Tank, inch thick, 6 inches up to 100 inches wide. [Price pound, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month; terms 30 days, of 1 cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations from the Iron Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ S A p r M a y... J u n e... $ S J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ S O ct... N o v.... D ec... $ $ SO STEEL R AILS: Bessemer, standard. [Price ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Trade Review.] Jan... $28.00 A pr $28.00 J u ly... $33.00 O ct... $33.00 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J une S ept Dec $ STEEL RAILS: Open-hearth, standard. [Price ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Trade Review.] Jan... $30.00 A p r $30.00 J u ly... $35.00 C ct... $35.00 Feb M a y A u g N o v Mar June S e p t D ec $ STEEL SHEETS: Box annealed, cold-rolled, United States standard, No. 27. [Price pound, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month, terms 30 days, 2 cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A pr M a y... J une... $ S J u ly... A u g..;. S e p t... $ S O ct... N ov.. D ec... $ SO STEEL: Structural. [ monthly base pound, at Chicago; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... SO O ct... $ Feb.0244 M a y A u g N ov Mar Ju n e S e p t Dec $ TIN : Pig. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... SO O ct... SO Feb M ay.5100 A u g N o v Mar Ju n e Sept Dec $0.4327

115 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 115 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. TIN PLATE: Domestic, coke, 14 by 20 inches. [Price 100-pound box, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on or near the first of each month; quotations from the Hardware Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $3.60-$3.75 A pr $4.50 J u ly... $5.75-$6.00 O ct... $ Feb May 4.50 A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec... (l). $ TROW ELS: Johnson s, brick, loj-inch. [Price dozen, at New York, on ithe first of each ] Jan... $4.50 A pr $4.50 J u ly... $4.50 Oct $4.50 Feb 4.50 M ay 4.50 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ VISES: Solid box, 50-pound. [Price vise, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $4.60 A pr $5.08 J u ly... $5.75 O ct... $5.75 Feb 3.56 M ay 5.08 A u g Nov 5.75 Mar J u n e Sept $ W IRE, FENCE: Barbed, galvanized. [Price 100 pounds, f. o. b. Chicago, on or near the first of each month to jobbers; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $3.139 A p r $3,439 J u ly... $3.539 O ct... $3.639 Feb May A ug Nov Mar June S ept Dec $ WIRE, FENCE: Plain, annealed, Nos. 6 to 9. [Price 100 pounds, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month to jobbers; terms 60 days, 2 cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $1.95 A p r $2.25 July----- $2.45 O ct... $2.55 Feb 2.05 May 2.45 A ug Mar Ju n e S e p t Dec $ WOOD SCREW S: 1-inch, No. 10, flathead. [Price gross, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.13 A p r $0.17 J u ly... $0.17 Oct $0.19 Feb.13 M a y A u g Nov.19 Mar June Sept i No quotation.. $0.1683

116 116 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO T a b le A WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Concluded. ZINC: Sheet, ordinary numbers and sizes, packed in 600-pound casks. [Price 100 pounds, f. o. b. La Salle, 111., on the first of each ) FROM JANUARY Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $21.16 A p r $23.00 J u ly... $16.56 $13.80 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar, J u n e S e p t D ec $ ZINC: Pig (spelter), western. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ Oct $ Feb.1850 M ay.1750 A u g N ov Mar June S e p t D ec $ LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS. BRICK: Common, run of kiln, salmon. [ monthly 1,000, f. o. b. kiln, near Chicago.] Jan... $4.839 A pr $4.773 J u ly... $4,803 O ct... $4.783 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar June Sept Dec $ B R IC K : Common, red, building. [Price 1,000, f. o. b. kiln, near Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Jan... $6.75, A p r $6.75 J u ly... $6.75 O ct... $6. 75 Feb 6.75 M ay A u g N ov 6.75 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ B R IC K : Common, red, domestic, building. [Price 1,000 on dock at New York; range of s from first to last of each ] Jan... Feb Mar... $8.50-$ A p r M ay June... $7.50-$ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $7.00-$ O ct... N o v... D ec... $7.50-$ OO $ CEMENT: Portland, domestic, spot. [Price barrel of 380 pounds net, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Record and Guide.] Jan... $1.67 A p r.. $1.67 J u ly... $1.67 OH $1.67 Feb, 1.67 M a y A u g N ov M a r June 1.67 Sept D ec.... $ $1.6888

117 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 117 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. CEMENT: Rosendale, natural. [Price barrel of 380 pounds net, in duck bags, or wood, to dealers, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Record and Guide.J Month. Price. i Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... SO. 90, A p r M a y... June... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ Oct N ov... D ec... $ $ DOORS: Western white pine, 2 feet 8 inches by 6 feet 8 inches, If inches thick, 4-panel, No. 2 O. G. [Price door, carload lots, f. o. b. Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.30 A pr $1.30 J u ly... $1.39 O ct... $1.45 Feb 1.30 M a y Aug N ov 1.45 Mar June S e p t D ec $ GLASS: Plate, polished, glazing, area 3 to 5 square feet. [Price square foot, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each ) Jan... $0.21 A p r $0.28 J u ly... $0.30 O ct $0.32 Feb.25 M a y A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec $ GLASS: Plate, polished, glazing, area 5 to X0 square feet. [Price square foot, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.27 A p r $0.33 J u ly... $0.34 O ct... $0.36 Feb.30 May.33 A u g Mar J u n e S ept Dec $ GLASS: Window* American, single, AA, 25-inch; 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. [Price 50 square feet, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r M ay... June... $ J u ly... Aug----- S e p t... $ Oct. D ec., $ $ GLASS: Window, American, single, B, 25-inch; 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. [Price 50 square feet, at New York, oh the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb M a r... $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A ug S e p t... $ Oct N ov.,. Dec... $ $2.4938

118 11 8 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. LATH : Eastern spruce; 1^-inch slab. [Price M, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $3.75-S3.90 A pr $4.50-S5.00 J u ly... $4.00-S4.10 O ct... $4.00-$4.25 Feb May A ug Nov Mar J une Sept $ LIME: Eastern, common. [Price barrel of 300 pounds gross, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Record and Guide.] Jan... S1.15-S1.375 A pr SI. 15-SI. 375 J u ly... SI. 45 Oct SI. 50-SI. 55 Feb May A ug N ov Mar J u n e... (l) S ept... SI D ec SI LUMBER: Douglas fir, No. 1, common, surfaced one side, 1 by 8 and 10 inches. [Price M feet, on the first of each month, f. o. b. mills, State of Washington.] Jan... $10.00 A pr $11.50 J u ly... $10.00 O ct... $9.00 Feb May A ug Nov Mar J u n e Sept $ LUMBER: Douglas fir, No.?. and better, drop siding, 1 by 6. [Price M feet, on the first of each month, f. o. b. mills, State of Washington.] Jan... $19.00 A pr $20.00 J u ly... $18.00 O ct... $17.00 Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept $ LUMBER: Hemlock, base, Pennsylvania and West Virginia stock. [Price M feet, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $21.00-$23.50 A pr $23.00-S25.00 J u ly... $23.50-$24.00 O ct... $23.50-$24.00 Feb May A ug Nov Mar June Sept $ LUMBER: Maple, hard and soft, 1-inch (4-4), firsts and seconds. [Price M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $37.00-S40.00 Apr $40.00-$42.00 July... $40.00-$42.00 O ct.. 1 $40.00-$42.00 Feb May A ug Nov! Mar J u n e Sept Dec $ i No quotation.

119 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 119 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. LUMBER: Oak, white, plain, mixed, rock, mountain, or West Virginia stock, 1-inch (4-4), firsts and seconds. [Price M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ Apr $60.00-$63.00 J u ly... $60.00-$63.00 $60.00-$63.00 Feb 69. OO M ay A ug Mar J u n e S ept $ LUMBER: Oak, white, quartered, Indiana, firsts and seconds, 6 inches and up wide, 10 to 16 feet long. [Price M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan.... $85.00-$88.00 A pr $85.00-$88.00 J u ly... $85.00-$88.00 $85.00-$88.00 Feb ' May A ug Nov Mar Ju n e Sept $ LUMBER: Pine, white, boards, No. 2 barn, 10 inches wide, rough. [Price M feet, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $37.50 A pr $37.50 J u ly... $37.50 Oct.. $37.50 Feb May A ug N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ LUMBER: Pine, white, boards, ups, 1-inch (4-4), rough. [Price M feet, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $ A pr $ Ju ly... $ O c t... $ Feb May Aug N ov Mar June Sept $ LUMBER: Pine, yellow, flooring, longleaf, B, heartface, rift sawn, 13/16 by 2J face (counted 1 by 3), D. & M. [Price M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $39.50 A pr $40.00 J u ly... $38.00 O ct... $39.00 Feb May A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ i LUMBER: Pine, yellow, siding, longleaf, boards, heartface, 1-inch and li-inch. [Price M feet, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $30.00 A pr $31.00 J u ly... $32.00 O ct.. $32.00 Feb May A u g N ov... $ Mar J u n e Sept D ec.. $ No quotation.

120 120 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 191G. T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. LUMBER: Poplar, yellow, 1-inch, firsts and seconds, 7 to 17 inches and up wide, rough. [Price M feet, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar $58.00-$ A p r M a y... J u n e... $60.00-$ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $60.00-$ O ct... N ov... D ec.. $57.00-$ $ LUMBER: Spruce, 6 to 9 inch, cargoes, eastern. [Price M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.) Jan... Feb Mar... $26.00-$ A pr M a y... J u n e... $27.00-$ Ju ly... A u g... Sept... $27.00-$ O ct Nov. D ec. $26.00-$ $ PAINT MATERIALS: Lead, carbonate of (white lead), American, in oil. [Price pound (100-pound packages or over), at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.07* A p r $0.09 J u ly... $0.09f O ct... $0.09 Feb M a y A u g....09! N ov....09! Mar....08* June Sept....09! D ec..09!. $ PAINT MATERIALS: Linseed ou, raw, in barrels. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.66 A p r $0.76 J u ly... $0.63 Oct $0.82 F eb M a y A u g M a r.,...77 Junfi S e p t D e c $ PAINT M ATERIALS: Turpentine, spirits of, southern, in barrels. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb Mar... $0.57 -$0.57* A p r M a y... J u n e... $0.55 -$0.55*.41.43* J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.41* $0.46* Oct Dec. $0.46-$0.46*.48.52*. $ PAINT MATERIALS: Zinc, oxide of (zinc white), American. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb.. Mar $.08J A p r M a y... J u n e... $.o j J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ f Oct. N ov... D ec... $0.09f.09. $0.0919

121 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Concluded. P U T T 7 : Commercial, in 1, 2, 3, and 5 pound tins. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb.0330 May.0330 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept Dec $ ROSIN: Common to good, strained. [Price barrel of 450 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from.the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $5.95 A pr $5.20 J u ly... $5.50 O ct... $6.25 Feb 5.75 M a y A u g Mar Ju n e Sept Dec $ SHINGLES: Cypress, best all heart, 5 inches wide, 16 inches long. [Price M, f. o. b. New Orleans, on the first of each ] Jan... $3.25 A p r $3.40 J u ly... $3.40 Oct $3.50 Feb 3.40 M ay 3.40 A ug Mar June S e p t D ec., $ SHINGLES: Red cedar, clear, random width, 16 inches long. [ monthly s M, at mills, State of Washington.] Jan... $1.77 A p r $1.93 Ju ly... $1.85 Oct $2.00 Feb M ay 1.91 A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t Dec $ T A R : Pine. [Price barrel of 48 gallons, at Wilmington, N. C., on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $2.10 A p r $2.00 J u ly... $2.30 O ct... $2.60 Feb M a y A u g Nov 2.60 Mar J u n e S e p t Dec $ DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. ALCOHOL: Grain, 190 proof, U. S. P. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $2.64 A p r $2.66 J u ly... $2.66 Oct, $2.66 F eb M a y A u g N ov 2.70 Mar June..* 2.66 S e p t Dec $2.6633

122 122 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES, FROM JA N U A R Y TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Continued. ALCOHOL: Wood, refined, 95 cent. [Price gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.55 A pr $0.65 J u ly... $0.65 O ct... $0. 70 Feb.60 May i. 65 A u g N ov Mar Ju n e Sept Dec.CO. $ ALTJM: Lump. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.04 A p r $0.04* J u ly... $0.04 O ct... $0.04 Feb.04 M ay.04* A u g N ov...04 Mar....04* June....04* Sept.04 Dec..04. $ BORAX: Crystals, and granulated, sacks. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.05 A p r... $0.06* J u ly... $0.06f $0.06f Feb.06* M ay.06 A u g....06f N ov....06f Mar....06* June f S e p t....06f Dec..06. $ GLYCERIN: Refined, chemically pure, in bulk. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.52i A p r $0.57 J u ly... $0.50 O ct... $0.45 Feb.52 M ay.60 A u g N ov i Mar J u n e Sept D ec....52%. $ MURIATIC ACID: 20. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.02 A pr $0.02f July $0.02f Oct $0.02 Feb...02f M a y....02f A u g....02* N ov Mar f Ju n e....03* Sept....02* D ec $ OPIUM: Natural, in cases. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $11.00 A p r $11.50 J u ly... $11.40 $10.50 Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept $

123 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 123 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Concluded. QUININE: Manufacturers quotations, in 100-ounce tins. [Price ounce, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint,and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... SO. 75 A p r SO. 75 J u ly... $0.75 O ct... SO. 50 Feb.75 M ay.75 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec SO SULPHUR (BRIMSTONE): Stick, crude. [Price ton (2,240 pounds), at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $22.00 A p r.... $29.00 J u ly... $35.00 O ct... $35.00 Feb M ay A u g Nov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ SULPHURIC ACID : 66. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint,and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.02 «Apr.... $0.02* J u ly... $0.02 Oct $0.01* Feb.02* M ay.02* A u g....01* N ov....01* Mar....02* June....02* S e p t....01*.01*. $ HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS. EARTHENW ARE: Plates, cream-colored, 7-inch. [Price dozen, f. o. b. Trenton, on the first of each ] $ A pr $ J uly $ Oct $ M ay.4607 A u g J u n e Sept $ E ARTH ENW ARE: Plates, white, granite, 7-inch. [Price dozen, f. o. b. Trenton, on the first of each ] $ Apr $ J u ly... $ Oct $ M ay.4914 A u g N ov Ju n e Sept $ EARTHENWARE: Teacups and saucers, white, granite, with handles. [Price dozen cups and dozen saucers, f. o. b. Trenton, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb. Mar... $ A p r M ay Ju n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.6048' O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $0.5962

124 124 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b le A. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. HOUSE-FTTBNISHINQ GOODS Continued. FURNITURE: Bedroom sets, 3 pieces, iron bedstead, hardwood dresser, and washstand. [Price set, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $17.75 A pr $18.10 J u ly... $21.65 $21.65 Feb M a y A u g Nov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ FURNITURE: Chairs, bedroom, oak, cane seat, rocker. [Price dozen, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $11.50 A pr $12.50 J u ly... $12.50 Oct, $13.50 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t... 13,50 D ec $ FURNITURE: Chairs, kitchen, hardwood, bow back, 4-spindle. [Price dozen, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $6.50 A p r $7.00 Ju ly... $7.00 O ct... $7.75 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar 6.50 Ju n e S ept D ec $ FURNITURE: Tables, kitchen, 2 by 3* feet, with drawer, hardwood base, white wood top. [Price each, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.45 A p r $1.55 J u ly... $1.60 O ct... $1.60 Feb M a y Aug 1.60 N ov Mar., 1.55 J u n e Sept D ec $ GLASSW ARE: Nappies, 4-inch, common. [Price dozen, f. o. b. factory, on the first of each ] $0.15 J u ly... $0.17 $0.17 Jan... $0.15 A p r..*. F e b M a y A u g * Mar.15 J u n e Sept D ec...17*. $ GLASSW ARE: Pitchers, ^-gallon, common. [Price dozen, f. o. b. factory, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.95 A p r $0.95 J u ly... $1.00 O ct... $1.10 Feb.95 M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $1.0000

125 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 125 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS Concluded. GLASSW ARE: Tumblers, table, fc-pint, common. [Price dozen, f. o. b. factory, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.12 A p r $0.12 J u ly... $0.12 O ct... $0.13 Feb.12 M a y A u g N ov Mar J une Sept D ec $ TABLE CUTLERY: Carvers, stag handles, No. 016, 8-inch. [Price pair on the first of each ] Jan... $0.80 A p r $0.80 J u ly... $0.90 O ct... $0.90 Feb.80 M a y Aug N o v Mar J u n e S e p t Dec $ TABLE CUTLERY: Knives and forks, cocobolo handles, metal bolsters, No [Price gross on the first of each ] Jan... $6.25 A pr $6.25 J u ly... $6.75 O ct... $7.50 Feb 6.25 M ay A u g Mar J u n e S e p t Dec $ WOODENWARE: Pails, oak-grained, 3-hoop, wire ears. [Price dozen, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.80 A p r $1.85 J u ly... $1.85 O ct... $1.85 Feb 1.80 M a y A u g Mar June S e p t... *1.85 D ec $ WOODENWARE: Tubs, oak-grained, 3 in nest, C, 19, 21, and 23 inches in diameter. [Price nest, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.90 A p r $1.90 J u ly... $1.90 Oct $2.00 Feb 1.90 May 1.90 A ug Mar J u n o S e p t Dec $ MISCELLANEOUS. BEER: Western, light or dark. [Price barrel, f. o. b. brewery, on the first of each ] Jan... $5.73 A p r $5.85 J u ly... $5.90 O ct... $5.89 Feb 5.77 M a y A u g N ov Mar Ju n e Sept D ec $5.8517

126 126 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. MISCELLANEOUS Continued. COTTONSEED MEAL: Prime. [Price ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $38.38 A pr $34.50 J u l y... $33.10 O ct... $38.10 Feb M ay A u g N o v Mar June S ept D ec $ COTTONSEED OIL: Prime, summer, yellow. [Price pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... O ct... $ $ '.1050 $ $ $ Feb.0905 M ay A u g N ov $ ( Mar Ju n e Sept D ec $ JUTE: Raw, M-double triangle, shipment, medium grades. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.065 A p r $0.081 J u l y... $0.075 O ct... $0,080 Feb.072 M ay Aug N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ LUBRICATING OIL: Paraffin 903 specific gravity. [Price gallon,at New York,on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint,and Drug Reporter.] Ta n... $0.16*-$0.17 A p r $0.17 -$ 0.18 July... $0.21* Oct $0.21* Feb M ay....21*-.22 A u g....21* N ov....21* Mar Ju n e....21* S e p t....21* D ec....21*. $ MALT: Standard, keg beer. [Price bushel (34 pounds), at New York, on or near the last of each month; quotations from the Brewers Journal.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ $0.87-!90 A p r M ay... Ju n e... $0.91-$ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.90-$ Oct N ov D ec... $ $ $ Holiday.

127 DETAILED TABLES TABLE A. 127 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. MISCELLANEOUS C o n t in u e d. PAPER: News, rolls, contracts. [Price pound, f. o. b. mills, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Pa Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ $ F eb Mar A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ $ O ct... N o v D ec... $ $ $ PAPER: Wrapping, manila, No. 1 jute. [Price pound, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] J.an... $ $ A p r $ $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M ay A u g N o v.1000 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PROOF SPIRITS: Finished-goods basis (whisky). ( [Revised Statutes, sec. 3249: Proof spirits shall be held to be that alcoholic liquor which contains onehalf its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of at 60 F. Price gallon, on the first of each month; quotations from the Peoria Herald Transcript.] Jan... $1.39 A pr----- $1.40 J u ly... $1.40 Oct $1.42 Feb 1.39 May 1.40 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept $ ROPE: Pure manila, first grade, f-inch (base size) and larger, three strand. [Price pound, jobber to retailer, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Hardware Age.] Jan... $0.14 A p r----- $0.18 J u ly... $0.19 O ct... $0.19 Feb.17 May lsl A u g N ov Mar June....1$ Sept D ec $ RUBBER: Para Island, fine. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.88-$0.89 A pr $0.69-$0.70 J uly... $0.59 O ct... $0.66-$0.67 Feb May.66 A u g... $ N ov Mar June Sept * D ec $ SOAP: Laundry. [Price box of 100 bars (75 pounds), at Philadelphia, on the first of each ] Jan... $3.60 A p r----- $3.60 J u ly... $3.60 $3.75 Feb 3.60 May I 3.60 A u g Mar J u n e...' 3.60 Sept D ec I. $ i No quotation.

128 128 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Continued. MISCELLANEOUS Continued. SOAP: Laundry. [Price box of 100 elevea-ounce cakes, at Cincinnati, to jobbers, on the first of each month; 2 cent off for cash.] ' Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. 1 Month. Price. Jan... $2,745 A p r $2.745 J u ly... $2.745 O ct... $2,880 Feb May A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ STARCH: Laundry, 50-pound boxes, in bulk. [Price pound, at New York, oo the first of each ] Jan... $0.04 A pr $0.04 J uly... $0.04^ O ct... $0.05 Feb...04 May.04 A u g....04* N ov.05 Mar Ju n e S e p t $ TOBACCO: Plug, Climax, 12 pieces to the pound. [Price pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.49 A pr $0.49 J u ly... $0.49 O ct... * $0.49 Feb.49 May.49 Aug.49 N ov Mar.49 June S e p t D ec $ TOBACCO: Smoking, granulated, Blackwell s Bull Durham, 1-ounce bags. [Price gross of 1-ounce bags, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $5. 76 A p r $5. 76 J uly... $5.76 O ct... $5.76 Feb May 5.76 A u g N ov Mar June Sept... / 5.76 Dec $ W H ISK Y : Bourbon, straight, 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels. [Price proof gallon, f. o. b. distillery in Kentucky, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.75 A p r $2. 75 J u ly... $2. 75 O ct... $2. 75 Feb 2.75 May 2.75 A u g N ov Mar 2.75 June S e p t $ W H IS K Y : Bourbon, straight, bottled in bond. [Price case of 12 quarts, f. o. b. distillery in Kentucky, on the first of each ] Jan... $12.00 A p r $12.00 July... $12.00 Oct $12.00 Feb May A u g N ov Mar June Sept D ec $

129 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE A. 129 T a b l e A. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 Concluded. MISCELLANEOUS Concluded. W H ISK Y : Rye, straight, 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels. [Price proof gallon, f. o. b. distillery in Illinois, on the first of each ] Month. Price.! Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan A pr $1.60 July... $1.95 Oct $1.95 Feb 1.60 May 1.60 A u g Mar June S e p t D ec $ W H IS K Y : Rye, straight, 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels. [Price proof gallon, f. o. b. distillery in Pennsylvania, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.15 A pr $2.15 J uly... $2.15 O ct... $2.15 Feb 2.15 May 2.15 A ug Mar 2.15 Ju n e S ept $ W H IS K Y : Rye, straight, bottled in bond. [Price case of 12 quarts, f. o. b. distillery in Illinois, on the first of each ] Jan... $8.50 A pr $8.50 July... $8.50 Oct $8.50 Feb 8.50 May 8.50 A ug Mar 8.50 June S e p t $ W H IS K Y : Rye, straight, bottled in bond. [Price case of 12 quarts, f. o. b. distillery in Pennsylvania, on the first of each ] Jan... $8.25 A pr $8.25 J u ly... $8.25 $8.35 Feb 8.25 May 8.25 A ug Mar June S e p t D ec $ WOOD PULP: Sulphite, domestic, unbleached. [Price 100 pounds, at New York, near the first of each month; quotations from (t Pa. ] Jan... $2. 45-$2. 70 A p r----- $3.00-$3.30 J uly... $3.50-$3.75 O ct... $5.00-$5.25 Feb May A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec Bull $3.8146

130 130 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF [This table shows the actual and the relative of each commodity, each year from 1890 to 1916, and each month in 1916; also the cent or in,each m onth,as compared with the The base Drice of each commodity, on which the relative s are based, is shown in heavy-faced type and is the of the actual s for For further explanation and discussion of the table, see p. 59. For a more detailed description of the articles, see Table A.] Farm products. Middling, upland: New York. Cotton. Flaxseed: No. 1. Year or pound. Per cent (+) r ( - ) compared with Middling: New Orleans. pound. Per cent (+) or ( - ) compared with Chicago market, bushel. Minneapolis market, bushel. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ $ January.. February. March A pril... M ay... June July... August September. October November., December i Less than one-twentieth of 1 cent. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

131 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 131 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Barley: by sample. Com: cash, contract grades. Com: cash, No. 3, mixed. Year or Choice to fancy malting, bushel. Fair to good malting, bushel. Per cent ( - ) com pared with bushel. Per cent de- ( - ) compared with bushel. Per cent of in- ( - ) com pared with, $ $ $ <l) January... February. March A pril... M ay... June July... August September. October----- November.. December No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

132 132 W HOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Oats: cash. Rye, No. 2: cash. Wheat, No. 2, hard winter: cash, Kansas City. Year or bushel. ( ) compared bushel. (+ ) or ( ) compared bushel. ( ) compared, $ $ # $ January February March A pril May June (3) T 8.1 July August September October November December Less than one-twentieth of 1 cent. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

133 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 133 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO J916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Year or Wheat, No. bushel. 1, northern spring: cash, Minneapolis. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with Wheat, bluestem: cash, Portland, Oreg. bushel. ~ of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with, i j i...i l i j ! i ' _i $ $ ) C) i ) January February March ) 6.1 April (!) ) M ay (x) ) 2.3 June ) 5. 5 July ) August September October (O ) Novem ber ( ) December l» i No relative computed. For explanation,-see p. 60. i

134 134 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Grain. W heat: cash, Chicago. Year or Range of No. 1 northern spring and No. 2 red winter, bushel. No. 1 northern spring, bushel. ( ) compared with No. 2 red winter, bushel. j ( ) com pared with, $ $ $ ! January... February... March... A p ril... May... June July... A ugust... September. O ctober N ovem ber.. D ecem ber i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

135 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 135 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Hides. H ay: tim othy, No. 1. Calfskins: No. 1. Green, salted, packers': heavy native steers. Year or short ton. Percent (+ ) or ( ) compared withprecedmg pound. Percent (+ ) or ( ) compared ' withprecedmg mdnth. pound. ( ) compared, $ January... February... March... A pril... May... June July August September October November D ecem ber > $ (*) 1No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 6a $ Price unchanged

136 136 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Hides: green, salted, packers': heavy Texas steers. New York State i: prime to choice. Pacific Hops. Coast. Year or pe#* pound. Percent ( ) compared pound. Percent ( ) compared withj pound. ( ) compared, $ ! i I i j j $ $ (!) Q) January (i.) February (ii March w A pril V ) M^y (1) June , July August I September October November December * No relative computed. For explanation, see p Trice unchanged.

137 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 137 T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Year or Cattle: steers, choice to prime. 100 pounds. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with Cattle: steers, good to choice. 100 pounds. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ January February March A pril M ay June July August September October * November December \ -.6

138 138 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T able B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Year or 100 pounds. Hogs: heavy. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with 100 pounds. Hogs: light. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ , y January February March April May June July August September October Novem ber December

139 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 139 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Year or month- Sheep: lambs, 100 pounds. of increase ( ) compared year or Sheep: native wethers,, 100 pounds. Sheep: wethers, 100 pounds. of increase ( ) compared year or, $ a a $ $ January February V a 2 March A pril ' May w June July August September October Novem ber December m U 1 1 No relative computed. For explanation, see p

140 140 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 3916 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Peanuts: No. 1 grade. Year or Sheep: western wethers, 100 pounds. Sh9ep: western wethers, plain to prime, 100 pounds. Sheep: ewes, 100 pounds. (+ ) or ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared, $ $ $ $ January... February March... April... M ay... June (3) (3) July... August September. October November.. December (3)o o (3) (3).0325 (3) * Less than one-twentieth of 1 cent. 3 No relative computed. For explanation, seo p. 60. s Price unchanged.

141 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 141 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Farm products. Live fowls: Chicago. Poultry. Live fowls: New York. Tobacco: Burley, dark red, good leaf. Year or pound. ( ) compared pound. witll ( ) compared 100 pounds. ( + ) r ( ) compared, 1890* $ (i) $ (i) ) (i) (i) ) (1) G) $ (i).1674 h) (1) G) January...* V) (i) February (i) March p> (i) A pril (1) hs M ay (1) ( (i) June July (1) m August (1) (i) September (1) (x) (i) October November ) December ) ) No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

142 142 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Beans: medium, choice. Bread: crackers. Year or bushel. 100 pounds. ( ) compared Butter, pound. Oyster, pound. ( ) compared, $ $ « « $ O) (i) $ ' ^ O) h ) January (0 F e b ru a ry.., March A pril b ) M ay (l) June ; July August September...? October (:> u. s N ovem ber December i Price unchanged. \

143 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 143 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Bread. Crackers: soda. Loaf: before baking, Chicago. Loaf: before baking, New Orleans. Year or pound. Bela* tive ( ) compared withprecedmg pound. ( ) compared withjjrecedrng pound. ( ) compared wlth, $ (i) (!) (1) $ $ * (?) January (a) (i).0376 February (n.0441 (v.0376 March (1).0441 ri).0376 (v A pril v ).0441 (i).0376 M ay (1).0441 w.0376 June Cl ).0376 July m A ugust v ) September (l).0441 (3) O ctober Novem ber i1) December Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60. P (i) (i) V1)

144 144 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Bread. Loaf: before baking, New York. Loaf: before baking, San Francisco. Loaf: before baking. Year or pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) com pared with A verage pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) compared with Washington, B.C., pound. Cincinnati, pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) compared with, $ $ (>) ) ( ) ) (0 ( ) ) m o ) $ $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June July... August... September... October... Novem ber... December i Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

145 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 145 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: extra, Boston. Creamery: firsts, Boston. Creamery: seconds, Boston. Year or pound. (+ ) or ( ) compared with pound. (+ ) or ( ) compared withprecedmg pound. ( ) compared withprecedrag, $ $ O) $ w w w January V) February (*).2888 (P v ) March (*) v ) ill A pril v ) w May h v1) V / June * w July (*) A ugust (!) September <l> (1) October G) November V) December C No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60. a Price unchanged B ull

146 146 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. ' Butter. Creamery: extra, Chicago. Creamery: extra firsts, Chicago. Creamery: firsts, Chicago. Year or pound. ( ) com pared pound. ( ) compared withprecedmg pound. ( ) compared, $ ) $ $ C) (I) January fl) (*) February h) (!) M arch (1) A pril m m (O M a y..: , m V) June (i) C) July August (i) September (l) C O ctober h) November I1) December ) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

147 D E T A IL E D T A B L E S T A B L E B. 147 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Contiiiued. Food, etc. Butter. Whole milk: extra, Cincinnati. Creamery: centralized firsts, Cincinnati. Creamery: centralized seconds, Cincinnati. Year or pound. ( ) compared with pound. ( ) com pared with pound. ( ) com pared withprecedmg, $ r $ $ $ O) « W ) January (1) (i) ) February v ) w ) March v ) (1) A pril (ll (1) s1) M ay C) June W July c1) (J) August September ll> P) v ) October h (1) November (!) December ) ) N o relative prloe computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

148 148 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: Elgin, Elgin, 111. Creamery: fancy, New Orleans. Creamery: choice, New Orleans. Year or pound. ( ) compared pound. pricfc. ( ) compared pound. (+ ) or ( ) com pared withprecedmg, $ i i i > i i $ $ ) January February March (l) ( A pril (1) May (*) June I1) July August September (*) October November (*) December ) ) -.6 i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

149 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 149 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Year or Creamery: extra, New York. pound. Percent ( - ) com pared with m g Dairy: New York State, pound. Creamery: firsts, New York, pound. Percent ( - ) com pared with Creamery: seconds, New York. pound. Percent ( - ) compared with, $ SO $ $ January... February... March... April... May... June July... August... September. October November. December i Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

150 150 W HOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: extra, delphia. Phila- Creamery: extra firsts, Philadelphia. Creamery: firsts, Philadelphia. Year or pound. ( ) compared withj pound. ( ) compared withj>recedmg pound. (+ ) or ( ) compared wlthprecedmg, $ (*) $ $ P) (O (l) January (i) February (l) March m A pril m ll) May (M (1) June (1) C) July (*) (!) A ugust O) (l) September October b) November (x) (1) December i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

151 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 151 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Year or Creamery: extra, San Francisco. pound. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with Creamery: firsts, San Francisco. pound. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with A verage, $ $ (i) (1) January (i) February t1) m March M April I1) (i) May I1) (i) 6.8 June /]\ + * (i) +.9 July (l) August (l) (i) September (i) October i1) c1) November i1) (l) December (i) n\ i No relative computed. For explanation, see p

152 152 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Canned goocis. Corn. Peas. Tomatoes: standard New Jersey, No. 3. Year or Republic, N o. 2, fancy, dozen cans. New York standard, dozen cans. Per cent of increase or < - ) com pared with Republic, N o. 2, sifted, dozen cans. Western, No. 5, sieve, dozen cans. Per cent of increase or ( - ) com pared with dozen cans. Per cent of increase or ( - ) com pared with, $ (i) $ O) $ [n (i) n\ (i) i1) $ t1) $ (1) P) b) January ) f1) February m March I1) (i) A pril m )n M av m (*).7125 (i\ June I1) C1-) July m August t1) September (1) >i< October (1) M N ovem b er (1) l\ December n\ 1.025l\ No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

153 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 153 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Cheese. W hole milk: American twins, Chicago. Whole milk: colored;, fancy, New York. California flats: fancy, San Francisco. Year or pound. ( ) compared withprecedmg pound. (+ ) or ( ) compared pound. (+ ) or ( ) com pared, $ ; $ (*) $ O) w January (i) (i) February v ) w March \ ) v ) April v ) v1) May w ' (l) June I1) July m August (}) C (l i September (l) October ( / (v November v1) (1» December w +.6 1No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

154 154 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Coffee: R io, No. 7. Eggs. Year or pound. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared w ith dozen. Firsts: western, Boston. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with $ (l) w M January <3).3113 (l) February v ) March fn April v7-5.5 M ay ( v June W -.9 July August September V1) October N ovem ber December No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

155 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 155 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Eggs. Firsts: fresh, Chicago. Firsts: fresh, Cincinnati. Candled: western, New Orleans. Year or dozen. ( - ) compared withprecedmg dozen. ofihcrease (+ ) or ( ) compared with ^ dozen. ( ) com pared, i $ ) $ ) $ ) ) O) O) O) ) January (i) (i) n \ 3.3 February n\ t1) * March m m 17.2 A pril m I1) I1) M ay m i1) 1.3.limp ' I1) 3.0 (1) July a) August m September O) O) I1) October O) O) I1) November t1) m December No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

156 156 W HOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food etc. Eggs. Year or Newlaid: fair to fancy, nearby, New York, pnce dozen. Firsts: fresh gathered, New York, dozen. Per cent ( - ) com pared with Extra firsts: western, Philadelphia. dozen. Per cent ( - ) com pared with Fresh: selected, pullets, San Francisco. dozen. Per cent ( - ) com pared with, $ W.l * $ $ $ (i) ) (l) (x) January February March h) 23.5 A pril h (l) M av (1) June (1) July (n August September l) ' October m (l ) November )i) (l) 3.5 December i) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 00.

157 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 157 T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Fish. Cod. Herring. Year or >ry, bank, large, Boston market, quintal. Dry, bank, large, New York market, hundredweight. market, Large shore (pickled, cured), Gloucester hundredweight. Per cent ( - ) compared* r with Shore, round, Boston market, barrel. Nova Scotia, split, Boston market, barrel. Newfoundland, split, large No. 1, New York market, barrel. Per cent or ( - ) compared w ith, $ $ f> $ $ $ $ January...! February March A pril ; May June...! h July i August......! O') September October i \ / Novem ber i December Price unchanged

158 158 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Fish. Year or Mackerel: salt, large No. 3s. barrel. o! increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with Chinook fancy, tails, Is, dozen cans. Salmon: canned. Alaska, red, dozen cans. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ $ P) January... February March... A p ril... M ay... June P) +.8 July... A ugust... September.. October November.. December P)

159 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 159 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc..flour. Year or 100 pounds. Buckwheat. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with New York market, barrel. Minneapolis market, barrel. Rye. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ $ January... February March... April... May... June... July... August... September.. October November.. December I (3) o i No quotation for a Price unchanged.

160 160 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or W heat: winter patents, Kansas City. barrel. of increase ( ) compared m o n th. Wheat: spring patents, New York, barrel. Wheat: standard patents, Minneapolis, barrel. of increase ( ) compared, $ H $ O) $ O) (i) January O) February March A pril May June July August September (1) October (1) November (1) ' December Norelative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

161 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 161 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or Minne Wheat: second patents, apolis. barrel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with Wheat: winter straights, New York, barrel. Wheat: winter straights, City,, barrel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ ffi January... February March... A pril... May... June July... August... September.. October N ovem ber.. D ecem ber No relative computed. For explanation, see p Bull

162 162 W HOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or Wheat: first patents, St. Louis. barrel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with barrel. Wheat: patent, Toledo. Percent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with, $4.4i27 $ b) (i) January February i1) C) 3.6 March m ( A pril n\ M ay M, ^ June m July August September (1) October m (*) N ovem ber t1) December n ) No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

163 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 163 T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or montli. Wheat: second patents, St. Louis. barrel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with barrel. Wheat: straight, Toledo. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with A verage, $ (i) $ B January V) February l I1) March April V M ay h (*) June I1) July (J) August September (!) October W N ovem ber W December w No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

164 164 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Apples: evaporated, choice. Apples : fresh, Baldwin. Bananas: Jamaica, 8s. Year or pound. ( ) compared barrel. (+ ) or ( ) compared bunch. ( ) compared with, $ S $ M w January A) (1) February (1) (1) March ( / v ) A p ril w V / M ay V / M June July <X> P) August (3) (i) 16.3 September (3) (3) October... \ O) November M December (*) No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.» No quotation for 2 Price unchanged.

165 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 165 T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Currants: in barrels. Lemons: California. Oranges: California. Year or pound. ( ) compared box. ( ) compared box. ( ) com pared, $ ' ** $ $ ) « w January (1) February v ) w March V ) V1) 4.7 A pril ) X1) M ay w (1) June I1) (*) July m August w September fl) (1) October v ) i1) +.3 November (1) (l) December (1) * No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

166 166 w h o l e s a l e p Sic e s, 1890 to 1&16. T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Prunes: California, in boxes. Raisins: California. Glucose. Year or pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) r ( - ) compared with London layer; box. Coast, seeded pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) r ( - ) compared with 100 pounds. Per cent of increase ( - ) com pared with, $ $ i$ ' $ January.... February... March... April.... May... June July... August... Septem ber... October... November*. - December (3) i for 1893 to * Price unchanged. 3 No quotation for

167 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 167 T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Meal: com. Fine white. Fine yellow. Year or pound. (4-) or ( ) compared 100 pounds. ( + ) o r ( ) compared 100 pounds. (4-) or ( ) compared, $ $ *+38*9* $ , , January February March... A pril May June July August September October November Sk. December Price unchanged.

168 168 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1i916. Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Bacon: short clear sides. Bacon: rough sides. Beef: fresh, carcass, good native steers (Chicago market). Year or pound. ( - ) compared A-verage p. ice pound..(+ ) or ( ) compared pound. ( ) com- A vera ge, * January... February... M arch... A pril... May... June... July... August... September... O ctober... November... December... $ $ , i No relative computed. For explanation, see p $ Price unchanged

169 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 169 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Beef: fresh, native sides (New York market). Beef: salt, extra mess. Hams: smoked. Year or pound. ( ) compared barrel. ( ) compared withprecedmg pound. ( ) com pared, $ $ $ i * Q January February March A pril May June July August September October November December * Price unchanged.

170 1 7 0 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Lamb: dressed, round. Mutton: dressed. Pork: salt, mess. Year or of in of in crease crease (+ ) or Rela Rela Rela tive ( ) com tive ( ) com tive ( ) compound. pared pound. pared barrel * pared with pre with pre ceding ceding $ $ : $ January February March A pril M ay June July A ugust September October t1) November h December i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

171 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Poultry: dressed fowls, iced, Chicago. Poultry: dressed L fowls, western, dry picked, New York. Veal. Year or pound. ( + ) r ( ) compared pound. ( ) com pared with pound. ( ) com pared, $ (i) (i) i1) $ i1) $ (l ) w I1) W W W C> January m (n m February w w w March..* ?1» w w -.8 A pril v ) v ) v ) May w v ) VV June (l) W +7.4 July n\ m ) August m w I1} September m \ ) October S1) (l) Novem ber (l) (l) December No relative computed. For explanation see p Price unchanged.

172 172 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Milk: fresh. Chicago. New York. San Francisco. Year or quart. ( + ) r ( ) compared quart. Percent ( + ) o r ( ) compared quart. ( + ) r ( ) compared, $ $ $ * January February C2) March A pril May June July August September October November December i Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation see p. 60.

173 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 173 Table B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Molasses: New Orleans, open kettle. Oleomargarine. Oleo oil. Year or gallon. Percent ( ) com pared with pound. deerease ( ) com pared pound. o f increase ( + ) o r ( ) com pared, $ $ $ $ W W V) M January (i) (j).1213 m February (S).1700 V/.1256 YV March YV.1231 m A pril m.1800 v ) (l) May (v.1900 (1/ (li June (a).1325 I1) July m.1325 (l) August m.1900 rii m September h i.1425 rn October (l) m November ( (n December i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60, * Price unchanged.

174 174 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Olive oil. French. Italian. Rice. Year or Aver *r Per cent of in- de- ( - ) compared with gallon. Per cent (+ ) or de- ( - ) compared with Domestic, choice, pound. Honduras, head, pound. Per cent of in- ( + ) o r ( - ) compared with, $ ^ $ $ $ January... F ebruary... March... April... May... June July... August... September. October November. December * Price unchanged* * No relative computed. Few explanation, see p. 60.

175 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 175 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Salt: American. Soda: bicarbonate of, American. Spices: pep, black, Singapore. Year or barrel. Bela* tive Percent ( ) compared pound. Percent ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared A verage, $ $ $ " + i 5. Y ; V) I1) i m V/ VV January February I1) March A pril M!ay June b) July m August (li (*) September (v m ; October m V / ; 3 November w v1) December w (i)

176 176 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Starch: com. Sugar. 96 centrifugal. Granulated. Year or pound. ( ) compared pound. Relar tive ( + ) r ( ) compared pound. ( + ) r ( ) compared $ $ $ W M W January n ) February M March... ; h j A pril M May V1) June I1) July August September October November December i Price unchanged.

177 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 177 T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Tallow. Tea: Formosa,, fine. Year or New York, pound. Packers prime, Chicago, pound. ( ) compared with pound. ( ) compared with, $ $ $ (!) ! C> March April (!) January... February May (1) June July August September October November December... i Bull Price unchanged.

178 178 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food,, etc. Vegetables: fresh. Cabbage. Onions. Year or short ton. ( ) compared New York, barrel. New York, 100 pounds. Chicago, sack. ( ) compared A verage, $ $ ) (l) $ SO (!) January February March April May June... (3) (3) July... (3) (3) August... (3) September (]) October November (0 December No relative computed. For explanation, see p No quotation for 2 Price unchanged.

179 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 179 T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE TRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Food, etc. Vegetables, fresh: potatoes, white. Vinegar: cider. Year or Ordinary to fancy, bushel. Good to choice, bushel. of increase ( ) compared 1, gallon. Series 2, gallon. of increase ( ) compared, $ $ , ; January... February March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August... September. October November. December G) (l) (x) (x) 1 Price unchanged.

180 180 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Blankets. Bags: cotton, 2-bushel, All wool, 5 pounds to the pair. Cotton. Year or bag. Per cent decreasage Aver ( - ) compared pound. with Per cent ( - ) compared with 11-4,5 pounds to the pair, cotton warp, cotton and wool filling, pound. 2 pounds to the pair, pair. Per cent ( - ) com pared with, $ $ $ $ January... February----- March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August... September. October Novem ber. December (l)

181 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 181 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes: men s. Year or Brogans, split, pair. Seamless Creedmores, pair. Split seamless Creedmores, ^-double sole, pair. ( + ) r ( - ) compared with Calf bal., Goodyear welt, dongola top, pair. Vici calf, Goodyear welt, blucher, pair. ( + ) r ( - ) com pared with, $ $ , : (1).7 * $ (x) $ * January February March A pril May June July August ( September October (l e >6.7 November December Price unchanged.

182 182 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes: men s. Gun metal: Goodyear welt, blucher. Gun metal: Goodyear welt, button. Vicikid: Goodyear welt. Year or pair. of in crease ( ) compared pair. ( )comwith pair. Percent (+.) or ( )comwith, $ , $ $ (*) January... February... March... A p ril... May... June... July... August... September. O ctober N ovem ber.. December ^ Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

183 D E T A IL E D T A B L E S T A B L E B. 183 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 3*890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes: women s Year or Gun metal: Goodyear welt, button. pair. Percent ( - ) compared with Patent leather: pump, McKay sewed. pair. Percent ( - ) compared with Solid grain, pair. Gun metal, McKay sewed, button, pair. Percent ( - ) compared with, SI ' $ i1) January... February March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August September. October N ovem ber. Decem ber / Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

184 184 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, :,J0 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Broadcloth: first quality, black, 54-inch, X X X wool. Calico. Carpets: B russels, 5-frame, Bigelow. Year or yard. Per cent of in- ( + ) or ( - ) com- with Cocheco prints, yard. American standard prints, yard. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) compared with yard. Per cent of increase < + ) or ( - ) compared with', $ $ $ (l) (l) (1)o $ ) ^ January... February March... A pril... M ay... June July... A ugust September. October November. December Price unchanged.

185 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 185 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Carpets. Cotton flannels: 2f yards to the pound. Year or Ingrain, Lowell, yard. Axminster, Lowell, yard. Per cent of in- (+ ) or ( - ) comwith W ilton: 5-frame, Bigelow. yard. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) com pared with yard. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) com pared with, $ $ $ ) > , 1901., , , $ ) 0) ) January... February March... A pril... M ay... June e> 4.7 July... August----- September. October N ovem ber., Decem ber i Price unchanged.

186 186 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Cotton flannels: 3* yards to the pound. Cotton thread: 6-cord, 200- yard spools, J. & P. Coats, freight paid. Cotton yarns: c a r d e d, w h i t e, m u l e - s p u n, northern, cones, 10/1. Year or yard. ( + ) o r ( ) compared spool. ( + ) of ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared, $ $ $ i i i January February March April M ay June July August September (*> October November December Records destroyed. Price estimated by son who furnished data for later years. 2 Price unchanged.

187 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 187 T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Cotton yam s: carded, white, mule - spun, northern, cones, 22/1. Denims. Drillings: brown, Pepell. Year or pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) r ( - ) com pared with year or Amoskeag, * yard. Massachusetts, yard. Per cent of increase ( - ) com pared with year or yard. Per cent of increase ( - ) com pared with year or, $ $ $ $ January... February March.... A pril... M ay... June ( 2) July... August September. October November. Decem ber ( 2) Records destroyed. Price estimated by son who furnished data for later years. 2 Price unchanged.

188 188 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Drillings: brown, Massachusetts D standard. F la n n e ls : a ll w o o l, white, 4-4, Ballard Vale, No. 3. Ginghams: Amoskeag. Year or Massachusetts D Stark A., standard, yard. yard. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) compared with yard. Per cent of in- ( - ) compared with yard. Per cent of in- ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ xx<. o \ $ January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September. October Novem ber. December (h (') Price unchanged.

189 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 189 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Ginghams: Lancaster. Horse blankets: all wool, 6 pounds each. Hosiery: men s cotton half hose, seamless, fast black,20 to 22 ounce,160needles. Year or yard. Relativ Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) compared with year or pound., Per cent ( - ) com pared with year or Twothread, dozen pairs, September Singlethread, dozen pairs, September Singlethread, carded yarn, dozen pairs. Per cent < - ) com pared with year or, January... February March... A pril... May... June... July... August... September. October Novem ber.. Decem ber $ $ $ $ $ Price unchanged.

190 190 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Hosiery. Year or W om en s cotton hose: full-fashioned, combed yarn. pricp Per dozen pairs. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com pared with W omen s cotton hose: seamless, single thread, carded yarn. 26 to 28 ounce, 160 to 176 needles, dozen pairs, September 26-ounce, 176 needles, dozen pairs. of increase (+ ) or ( ) com pared with, i $ $ « $ January... February March... A pril... June.. July... August... September.. October November.. D ecem ber <2) (!) for Price unchanged.

191 D E T A IL E D T A B L E S T A B L E B. 191 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Leather. Calf. Harness: oak. Year or W ax calf, 30 to 40 pounds to the dozen, B grade, sq. foot. Chrome calf, sq. foot. (+ ) or ( ) comwith Country middles, pound. No. 1, pound. California, No. 1, pound. i decre; Lecrease +)( ( )com-, $ $ ^ $ January... February March... A p ril... M ay... June July... A ugust... September.. October----- Novem ber.. D ecem ber Price unchanged.

192 192 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sold: hemlock. Leather. Sole: oak. Linen shoe thread: 10s, Barbour. Year or pound. Percent ( ) compared pound. Percent ( ) compared pound. ( + ) r ( ) compared, * $ $ $ ) / (') January February March April M ay June July (}) i1) August <l) September (*) October November December (!) 1 Price unchanged.

193 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 193 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Year or month, July August September. O ctober... November. December i for Bull Price unchanged.

194 194 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FO'R EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Percale: Scout, 36-inch. Print cloths. Sheetings: bleached, 10-4, Pepell. Year or yard. Relar tive of in- ( - ) compared with 28-inch, yard. 27-inch, yard. (+ ) or ( - ) compared with yard. Relar tive ( - ) com pared with, $ $ January... February March... April... May... June (2I o $ , July... August... September. October Novem ber. December No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

195 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 195 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sheetings. Bleached: 10-4, Wamsutta, S. T. Brown: 4-4, Indian Head. Brown: 4-4, Pepell R. Year or yard. ( + ) r ( ) compared yard. ( ) compared yard. ( ) compared, $ $ $ (x) ' January February March (*> A pril May June July August b) September October N ovem ber December Price unchanged.

196 196 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sheetings: brown. Shirtings: bleached, 4-4, Fruit of the Loom. Year or 4-4, Stark A, yard. 4 4, Massachusetts Mills, Flying Horse brand, yard. Lawrence L. L., yard. 4-4, Ware Shoals L. L., yard. ( ) compared yard. ( ) compared, $ $ ! I SO :.0777 SO # January February March A p ril ( ) M ay June J u ly August... i September October (*) Novem ber... I December i Price unchanged.

197 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Shirtings: bleached. Year or 4-4, yard. Lonsdale. 4-4 (new construction), yard. (+ ) or ( ) compared 4-4, (New York Mills, ; Williamsville, A l, ), yard. 4-4, Rough Rider, yard. ( ) compared, i $ $ T ' $ $ January February March April May June C) July August September October N ovem ber December * i Price unchanged.

198 198 W HOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACn YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Shirtings: bleached, 4-4, W a m s u tta ^ ^ Italian, classical. Silk: raw. i, filatures. Year or yard. ( ) compared pound.. ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared, $ $ $ S January February March A pril May (x) June July (l) August September October November December Price unchanged.

199 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 199 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Suitings. Clay worsted diagonal, 12-ounce. Clay worsted diagonal, 16-ounce. Middlesex. Year or yard. Percent ( - ) compared with yard. Percent ( - ) compared with Indigo blue, all wool, 14- ounce, 54-inch, yard. W ooldyed blue, 15- ounce, inch, yard. Percent ( - ) compared with, $ i$ $ , , , $ January... February March... April... May... June... July... August September. October Novem ber. December ' <2) , o i for Price unchanged.

200 200 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO T a b le B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Suitings: serge. Tickings: Amoskeag A. C. A. Trouserings: fancy worsted. Year or Washington Mills, 6700, yard. 11- ounce Fulton Mills, 3192, yard. Percent ( - ) com pared with yard. Percent ( - ) com pared with ounce, yard ounce, yard. Percent ( - ) com pared with, i$ January... February March... A p ril... May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December $ $ i$ $ L for to 20 ounce ounce. 716J to 17J ounce. 2 Price unchanged. * 18 to 19 ounce to 18 ounce.

201 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Underwear. Cotton: men s shirts and drawers. Cotton: women s union suits. Shirts and drawers. Year or 12 garments. Per cent (+ ) or ( - ) compared with year or 12 suits. Per cent ( + ) or ( - ) compared with year or month, A ll wool, white, 12 garments. Merino, natural, 50 cent wool, 12 garments. Per cent (t } or ( - ) compared with year or, $ ) , , January... February March... April... M ay... June... July... August... September. October November. December , (1) H 0) ) ) 0) $ Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

202 2 0 2 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Underwear. Women s dress goods: all wool. Year or Shirts and drawers, merino, white, fullfashioned, 52 cent wool, 48 cent cotton, 24- gauge, 12 garments. Shirts and drawers, merino, white, 60 cent wool, 12 garments. Union suits, merino, natural, 40 cent wool, light weight, 12 suits. Per cent ( - ) compared with Cashmere, twill, 38-inch, Atlantic Mills J, yard. Cashmere, 8-9 twill, 35-inch, Atlantic Mills, yard. French inches, yard. Per cent, ( - ) comwith, $15.57 $ $ A $ $ $ January... February March... April... M ay... June... July... August... September. October November. December II w».o i Price unchanged.

203 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 203 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. W omen s dress goods. All wool. Cotton warp: cashmere. Year or Franklin sackings, 54-inch, yard. Panama cloth, 54-inch, yard. Storm serge, double warp, 50-mch, yard. of increase ( ) compared 27-inch, Hamilton, ' yard. 36-inch, Hamilton, yard. of increase ( ) com pared, $ $ ( l) ) i (1) $ $ W January February March A pril M ay June July August September October November December Price unchanged

204 204 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R I C E S O F C O M M O D I T I E S F O R E A O n YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women s dress goods: cotton warp. Year or Cashmere, 22-inch, Ham ilton, yard. Poplar cloth, worsted filling, 36-inch, yard. Per cent of increase ( ) compared with precoding Alpaca, 22-inch, Hamilton, yard. Banish cloth, worsted filling, 22-inch, yard. Sicilian cloth, 50-inch, yard. ( ) com pared ' Relativ Per cent of increase, $ SO (l) (l) \ $ ( SO (l) January... February March... April... M ay... June... July... August September. October Novem ber.. December (L) (*) > ) Price unchanged. t

205 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 205 T a b l e B.^AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women s dress goods. W ool: Ohio, fine fleece (X and X X grades), scoured. Year or Cashmere, cotton warp, Atlantic Mills F, yard. Broadcloth, all-wool, inches, yard. of increase (+ ) or ( ) com pared with pound. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ ( $ ( L ) January... February... March... A pril... May... June... July.. August. October. November. December ) (l) 0) ) (0 ( ( Price unchanged.

206 206 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able B. A V E R A G E W H O LESALE P R IC E S O F COM M O D ITIES F O R EACH Y E A R, 1890 TO 1916, AN D F O R EACH M ONTH OF 1916 Continued. Cloths and clothing. W ool: Ohio, medium fleece ( i and grades), scoured. Worsted yarns. Year or pound. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with 2-40s, Australian fine, pound. Per cent of increase ( - ) comwith 2-40s, X X X and xxxx: pound. 2-32s, crossbred stock, pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ SO January... February... March... April... May... June July... A u gu st... September. October November.. December ) ) Price unchanged.

207 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 207 rable B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Alcohol: denatured, 180 proof. Candles: adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce. Coal: anthracite, broken. Year or gallon. ( )comwith pound. ( ) compared long ton. (+ ) or ( ) comwith, $ $ J (1L , $ » I January... February March... April... May... June... July... August... September. October November.. Decem ber Price unchanged. 3 No relative computed. For explanation, see p Less than one-twenjtieth of 1 cent.

208 208 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal: anthracite. Chestnut. Egg. Stove. Year or long ton. ( ) compared long ton. ( ) compared long ton. (. ) compared, $ $ $ ( ^...: January February March A pril M ay June July August September October November December Price unchangod. 2 Less than one-twentieth of I cent.

209 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 209 Table B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal: bituminous. Coal: semibituminous. Year or Pittsburgh (Youghiogheney),at Cincinnati, bushel. Pittsburgh, run of mine, f. o. b. Cincinnati, short* ton. ofin- ( ) compared Georges Creek (at mine), long ton. short ton. New River, f. o. b. Cincinnati, ofin- ( ) compared, $ $ A t $ (x) $ January... February March... April... May... June a July... August... September. October November. December C) io.o Bull i Price unchanged.

210 210 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal: semibituminous. Coke: Connellsville, furnace. Year or Georges Creek:, f. o. b. New York Harbor, long ton. Pocahontas, f. o. b. Norfolk, Va., long ton. Percent of in- ( ) compared short ton. of in- (+ ) or ( ) compared, $ $ , ( $ January... February March.... April... M ay... June July... August... September.. October November.. December ^ (*) Price unchanged.

211 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 211 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Gasoline: motor. Matches. Petroleum: crude. Year or gallon. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with Parlor, domestic, 144 boxes. Globe No. 1, 3er 144 boxes. Per cent of increase ( - ) com pared with mg barrel. Per cent of increase ( + ) o r ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ $ January... February March... A pril... M ay... June July... A ugust... September. October Novem ber. December $ i Price unchanged. 2No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

212 212 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Petroleum. Year or gallon. Refined: for export. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com pared with Refined: 150 fire test, water-white. gallon. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com pared with,, $ $ , " January February March April M ay June July August September October N ovem ber December Price unchanged.

213 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 213 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Augers. Axes. Year or -inch, eaoh. Extra, 1-inch, each. Regular, 1-inch, each. ( ) compared with year or M.C.O. Yankee, each. dozen., ( ) com pared with year or, $ $ (l) -, , C) S $ «, $ $ January... February... March... A pril... May... June July... August... September. October N ovem ber.. D ecem ber * Price unchanged.

214 2 1 4 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Bar iron. Year or Best refined, from store (Philadelphia market). pound. of increase (+) or ( ) compared year or Beet refined, pound. From mill (Pittsburgh market). Common, pound. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared year or, $ $ * SO January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June C) July... August... September... October... November... December (1 )* (,i s i Price unchanged.

215 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Butts. Chisels: socket firmer. Year or Loosejoint, cast, 3 b y 3 inch, pot pair. Loosepin, wrought steel] S lb y i inch, pair. Loosepin, wrought steel, 34 b y 31 Inch, dozen pairs. of in- ( - ) cofnpared with Extra, 1-inch, each. Regular, 1-inch, each. Percent of in- ( ) comwith, $ $ $ $ January... February March... A pril... May... June July... August September. October November. Decem ber Price unchanged.

216 216 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Cop. Ingot. Sheet: hot rolled (base sizes). Wire: bare. Year or Lake, pound. Electrolytic, pound. Per cent of (+ ) or de- ( - ) compared with pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or de- < - ) compared with pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ JL $ ; (*> January... February March... April... M ay... June July... August... September. October.... November. December >, H-12.6 i Price unchanged.

217 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 217 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Door knobs: steel, bronze-plated. Files: 8-inch mill, bastard. Hammers: Maydole, No. 1. Year or pair. Per cent of increase ( + ) o r de- ( - ) compared with dozen. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with each. dozen. Per cent of increase ( + ) o r ( - ) compared with A verage, $ $ $ P> C) $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June July... August... September... October... N ovem ber... December ? 1 Price unchanged.

218 218 WHOLESALE PEIOES, 1590 TO T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Iron ore: Mesabi Bessemer. Lead: pig. Lead pipe. Year or long ton. ( ) compared pound. Percent ( ) compared 100 pounds. ( ) compared, $ $ $ i1) January n ) February v ) March v ) A pril ( / M ay v ) V2) June I1) ^ 8.3 July August b) September h) October A) November December No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

219 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Locks: common mortise. Nails: 8-penny, fence and common. Cut. Wire. Year or each. ( ) compared 100 pounds. ( + ) r ( ) compared 100 pounds. ( ) compared A verage, $ $ P) * (*) (l) ) January February C) March A pril * M ay June July August (1) September (') October November December (') i Price unchanged.

220 220 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Pig iron. Year or long ton. Percent ( - ) compared with Foundry No. 1, long ton. Basic, long ton. Percent com ( - ) pared with Foundry No. 2, northern. long ton. Percent of in- ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ $ January... February March... April... May.... June «, July... August... September. October Novem ber. December , (1) Price unchanged.

221 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 221 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Pig iron. Pipe: cast-iron, 6-inch. Planes: jack-planes. Year or Gray forge, southern, coke, long ton. Foundry No. 2, southern, long ton. Per cent ( + ) or ( - ) compared with snort ton. Per cent ( + ) or de- ( - ) compared with Bailey No. 5, each. Sargent No. 414, each. Per cent ( + ) or de- ( - ) compared with, $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August... September.. October Novem ber.. Decem ber $ " U G) i 1} $ G) G) + l. i $ $ G) G) (l) G) ^t G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) G) i Price unchanged. a No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

222 222 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES POR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Quicksilver. Crosscut: Disston, No. 2. Saws. Hand: Disston. Year or pound. Percent of in- ( + ) r ( - ) compared with Averpnce each. ( - ) compared with No. 7, 26-inch dozen. No. 8, 26-inch, skewback, dozen. ( - ) compared with, $ , * January... February March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August September. October Novem ber. Decem ber $ $ $ Price unchanged.

223 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 223 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Shovels: Ames, No. 2. Silver: bar, fine. Steel; billets, Bessemer. Year or dozen. (+ ) or ( ) compared ounce. ( ) compared long ton. ( + ) o r ( ) com pared, $ $ $ m (l) January February March A pril I1) May June July August September October November December Price unchanged. 2 Less than one-twentieth of 1 cent.

224 224 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Steel. Plates: tank. Rails: Bessemer. Rails: open-hearth. Year or Onefourth inch thick, pound. Percent ( ) compared long ton. Percent ( ) compared long ton. ( + ) o r ( ) compared, $ l O) O) * O) P) (!) $ ( 2) $ « O) (2> January February March h M A pril ?! May (2j June July C) August September (i) O ctober.. i (i) November* (1) December , i Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. Tor explanation, see p. 60.

225 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 225 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Steel. Sheets: box annealed,. No. 27. Structural. Tin: pig. Year or pound. ( + ) o r ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared, i $ $ H ' * m o $ January February (3) March (3) A pril May (3) June (3) July (3).0279 (3) August (3) September October (3) November , December for the iod, July, 1894, to December, No relative computed. For explanation, see p Bull s Price unchanged.

226 226 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Tinplate: domestic. Trowels: brick, loj-inch. Year or Coke, Coke, at f. o. b. New York, Pittsburgh, 100 pounds. 100 pounds. ( ) comwith M.C.O., each. Johnson s,. dozen. ( ) compared, i $ $ $ * $ January... F ebruary... March... A pril... M ay... June July... August... September. October November. December (3) for Price unchanged. 3 No quotation for

227 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 227 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. Vises: solid box, 50-pound. Barbed, galvanized. Wire: fence. Plain, annealed. Year or Firm No. 1, each. Firm No. 2, each. Per cent of increase (V or ( - ) compared with F. o. b. Chicago, 100 pounds. Per cent of increase ( + ) or de- ( - ) com pared with Nos. 0 to 9, f.o.b. Pittsburgh, 100 pounds, Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ , 1911., 1912., 1913., 1914., $ January... February. March... April... May... June... July... August... September. October Novem ber., Decem ber ft i Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation see p. 60.

228 228 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Metals and metal products. W ood screws: 1-inch, No. 10, flat head. * Zinc. Sheet. Spelter (pig). Year or gross. Percent (+ ) or ( ) com pared 100 pounds. (+ ) or ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared, $ $ $ L L (T (!) ' : January February March A pril May <*) June July (x) August September <l) October November December Price unchanged.

229 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 229 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Brick: common. Salmon: run of kiln, Chicago. R ed: Cincinnati. R ed: domestic, New York. Year or M. Percent ( ) compared M. (+ ) or ( )com - (+ ) or ( ) compared, $ January... February March... A p ril... M ay...;... June... $ * $ July... A ugust... September.. O ctober Novem ber.. December i No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

230 230 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Cement. Portland: domestic. Year or Series 1, barrel. Series 2, barrel. (+ ) or ( ) compared 1, barrel. Series 2, barrel. ( + ) or ( ) compared, $ , 1893., ior; : SI SO January... February... March... April... May... June July... August... September. October Novem ber. Decem ber i for Price unchanged.

231 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 231 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Doors: white pine, 2 feet 8 inches by 6 feet 8 inches. Year or Unmolded, 1J inches thick (Buffalo market), door. Western, I f inches thick, 5-panel.No.l, 0. G. (Buffalo market), door. Western. 1% inches thick, 5-panel,No.l, 0. G. (Chicago market), door. Western, I f inches thick, 4-panel,No.2, 0. G. (Chicago market), door. of increase ( ) compared year or, $ $ $ $ i\ March /n January... February A pril M ay June/C July August September October Novem ber December i Price unchanged.

232 282 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Glass: plate. Polished, area 3 to 5 square feet. Polished, area 5 to 10 square feet. Year or Unsilvered, Glazing, ( + ) r ( ) comwith pei sq. ft. Glazing, sq. ft. Unsilvered, ( ) comwith, $ $ $ $ January... February... March... April... May... June ) July... August... September. October November.. December n. v ) ) 1Price unchanged.

233 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 233 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Glass: window. American, single, A A, 25- inch, 6 b y 8 to 10 by 15 inches. American, single, B, 25- inch, 6 by 8 to 10 b y 15 inches. Lath: eastern spruce, lj-inch slab. Year or 50 sq. ft. ( ) compared 50 sq. ft. ( ) compared M. ( ) com pared, $ $ $ (i) January February March V A pril o (1) M ay o (1) June July August September ( October (1) November December ) 1Nc relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60. Price unchanged.

234 234 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Lime: common. Douglas fir: No. 2 and better, drop siding. Year or Douglas fir: No. 1, common. Rockport, barrel. Eastern, barrel. (+ ) or ( ) compared M feet. (+ ) or ( ) compared Miieet. ( ) compared, $ , ; f i ! ' $ $ $ January February March A pril C) M ay... (3) (i) (3) June... (3) July August September ~ >5.6 October ) N ovem ber >5.9 December Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p Np quotation for

235 DETAILED tables---- TABLE B. 235 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Hemlock. Maple: hard. Oak: white, plain. Year or M feet. ( + ) r ( ) compared M feet. ( ) compared M feet. ( + ) r ( ) com pared, $ $ $ (J) n ) w (i> * h) (l) M (l) (x) Q) lo.oooo C January February March A pril M ay ( June July August September October November b) December i Price unchanged.

236 236 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Oak: white, quartered. Pine: white, boards, No. 2 barn. Year or M feet. of increase ( ) compared year or Buffalo market, M feet. New York market, M feet. of increase ( ) compared year or, $ $ $ January... February March... A p ril... May... June July... August... September.. October N ovem ber.. December i Price unchanged. 2 Less than one-twentieth of 1 cent.

237 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 237 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. January February March April May June July. August September O ctober... November December. 1 Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p No quotation for

238 238 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Paint materials. Poplar. Spruce. Lead, carbonate of (white lead): American, in oil. Year or Percent of in of in crease crease (.+) or (+ ) or Rela Rela Rela tive ( ) com tive ( ) com tive ( ) com M feet. pared M feet. pared pound. pared with pre with pre ceding ceding, $ $ $ (*) , () January i1) P) February I1) a March A pril i a 2 May P) June ( P) July PJ August September V) 27. $ P) (i) O ctober c1) (i\ N ovem ber P) December P) 1 Price unchanged. \

239 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 239 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Paint materials. Linseed oil, raw. Turpentine, spirits of. Zinc, oxide of (zinc white). Year,or gallon. ( ) compared gallon. Percent (+ ) or ( ) compared pound. ( ) com pared, $ $ $ * * (*) s : January February March A p ril C1 M ay ) June July August September October November (l) December W 1Price unchanged.

240 240 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Putty. Rosin: common to good, strained. Shingles: cypress, 16 inches long. Year or In bulk, pound. In 1,2, 3, and 5 pound tins, pound. ( )com - with year or barrel. ( ) compared with year or M. ( ) compared with year or, $ $ $ < ' SO ) S :i January... February----- March... A pril... M ay... June July... August September. October November. December Price unchanged.

241 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 241 T able B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Shingles. Tar. Year or White pine, 18 inches long, M. Michigan white pine, 16 inches long, M. R ed cedar, 16 inches long, M. (+ ) or ( ) compared barrel. ( + ) or ( ) compared, $ $ (T $ $ C January February March A p ril M ay June July August Q September October Novem ber December Bull Price unchanged.

242 242 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Grain. Alcohol. W ood: refined, 95 cent. Alum: lump. gallon. Percent ( ) compared gallon. Percent ( ) compared pound. with ( ) compared, $ m o $ $ * (1) January February March A pril (1) (i) M ay ( Thrift July August September P) October November December i Price unchanged.

243 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 243 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Borax: crystals. Glycerin: refined. Muriatic acid: 20. Year or pound. ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared pound. ( ) com pared, $ $ « (i) (1) 1912 : (i) $ January (O February March A pril May June July August V) September ) October November December i Price unchanged. 2No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60.

244 244 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Opium: natural, in cases. Quinine: manufacturers quotations. Year or pound. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with ounce. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ " \ January February (*) March w A pril v) M ay w June I1) July August September October N ovem ber December Price unchanged.

245 DETAILED TABLES TABLE B. 245 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Sulphur (brimstone): stick, crude. Sulphuric acid: 66. Year or long ton. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with pound. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ v C) (J) (i) <l) (}) (i) January S1).0200* February March (}) A pril M ay G) June July (l) August September S1) (l) October ll) November December ) Price unchanged.

246 246 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Earthenware. Plates: cream colored. Plates: white granite. Teacups and saucers: white granite. Year or dozen. Per cent of increase ( - ) com pared with dozen. Per cent of increase de- < - ) compared with gross (6 dozen cups and 6 dozen saucers). dozen cups and dozen saucers. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with, $ $ $ (1), S (1^ o $ >2, January... February... March... April... M ay... June ' (1), +6.1 July... August... September. October Novem ber. D ecember i Price unchanged.

247 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 247 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Furniture. Bedroom sets. Chairs: bedroom. Year or Ash, in New York, set. Iron bedstead, hardwood dresser and washstand, in New York, set. Iron bedstead, hardwood dresser and washstand, in Chicago, set. Per cent of increase ( - > comwith Maple, cane seat, in New York, dozen. Oak rocker, in Chicago, dozen. Per cent of increase ( - ) com pared with, $ $ (1) SL , , , $ ) $ $ January... February... March... A p ril... M ay... June July... August... September. October----- N ovem ber.. Decem ber (l ) Price unchanged.

248 248 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Furniture. Chairs: kitchen. Tables: kitchen. Year or Common spindle, in New York, dozen. Hardwood, bow back, in Chicago, dozen. of in- ( ) compared 3 -foot, in New York, dozen. Hardwood base, 24 b y 42 inches, in Chicago, table. ofin- ( ) compared, $ $ January... February March... April... M ay... June... July... August... September. October N ovem ber. December $ P t.7 8 i1) ( SI <l) i 8 0) Price unchanged.

249 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 249 T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Glassware. Nappies: 4-inch. Pitchers: ^-gallon, common. Tumblers: -pint, common. Year or dozen. ( ) compared dozen. withprecedmg ( ) compared dozen. of-increase ( ) compared, $ $ $ ' * January February March April May h June C) July August September October November (1) December Price unchanged.

250 250 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Table cutlery. Year or pair. Carvers: stag handles. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with Knives and forks: cocobolo handles. gross. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ : (L) , (}) (}) (l) P) (l) ) ; (x) ) &) ) ) ) ) January February March A p ril M ay June July (l) August ) (l) September October ) (l) November December i Price unchanged.

251 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 253 Table BU AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Woodenware. Year or dozen. Pails: oak-grained. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with nest of 3. Tubs: oak-grained. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ $ C) (x) ) (l ) ) ) ) January ) February ) March A pril M ay ) 1* ) June ) July ) (l) August September (l) October ) November December (!) 1Price unchanged.

252 252 WHOLESALE PRTCES, 1890 TO T a b l e B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Beer: western, light or dark. Cottonseed meal: prime. Year or barrel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with A venge snort xon. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with Aver&ge, $ i i ; a ; $ January February (1) March A p ril M ay ) June ) July August September (!) October P) N ovem ber December ) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

253 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 253 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Cottonseed oil: summer yellow, prime. Jute. Year or gallon. pound. ( ) compared Raw, pound. Raw, M- douole triangle, pound. ( ) compared, $ $ , $ i $ January... February March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August----- September. October November. December Price unchanged.

254 254 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Lubricating oil: paraffin. Malt: standard keg beer. Year or gallon. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with bushel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with, $ i $ January February March... * April M ay June July August September October ,6.4 N ovem ber December No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

255 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 255 T able B AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. News. Pa. Wrapping: manila. -LXUU1 Year or Series 1, pound. Series 2, pound. ( + ) r ( ) compared withjprecedmg pound. Percent ( ) compared gallon. (+ ) or ( ) compared withprecedmg, $ ion o $ $ , ) (1).2» $ (l) January ) February (1! s March (1) +.7 * April A s i1) M ay ( ) ) ; 7 0 June July August September b ) (l) October (l) (i) November b ) Dfinp.mhfir b) ) i 1Price unchanged. No quotation for

256 256 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B.~AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Rope: manila, base size and larger. Rubber: Para island. Soap: laundry. Year or pound. (+ ) or ( ) compared pound. : ( ) compared box of 100 bars (75 pounds). ( ) com pared $ $ '.6763, ' , $ G) w (*) January February March A pril May June July August September October N ovem ber December i No relative computed. For explanation, see page (30. 2 Price unchanged.

257 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 257 Table B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Soap: laundry. Starch: laundry. Tobacco: plug. Year or box of 100 elevenounce Percent ( ) compared pound. Percent ( ) compared 14! ounces to the Plug, pound. 12 pieces to the pound, pound. Percent of in- ( + ) o r ( )com -, , , $ $ i\ s $ l. i $ *, January... February March... A pril... M ay... June July... August September. October November.. December , J i No relative computed. For explanation, see page Bull Price unchanged.

258 258 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Tobacco: smoking, granulated, 1-ounce t W hisky: Bourbon, straight, 4 years in bond, in barrels. Year or Seal of North Carolina, pound. Seal of North Carolina, gross of Blackwell s Bull Durham, gross of ( ) compared F.o.b.a t distillery in Kentucky,, gallon. ( ) compared, January... February----- March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August September. October N ovem ber.. December.. $ $ $ $ Price unchanged, 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 60. h (0 8 8

259 DETAILED TABLES---- TABLE B. 259 T a b le B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Continued. Miscellaneous. Whisky. B ourbon: straight, bottled in bond. Rye: straight, 4 years in bond, in barrels. R ye: straight, 4 years in bond, in barrels. Year or F. 0. b. at distillery in Kentucky, case of 12 quarts. Percent ( ) compared with F. 0. b. at distillery in Illinois, gallon. Percent ( ) compared with F. 0. b. at distillery in Pennsylvania, gallon. Percent ( ) compared with, % $ (1) $ (*) (i) January February March A p ril ) M ay (l) June: (1) (!) July A ugust I1) C1 September October ) November (x) T2! December (2 V / 1 1 $ i No relative computed. For explanation, see p price unchanged.

260 260 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e B. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1916, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1916 Concluded. Miscellaneous. R ye: straight, bottled in bond. W hisky. Rye: straight, bot-tled in bond. Wood pulp: sulphite, domestic, unbleached. Year or F. o. b. at distillery in Illinois, case of 12 quarts. Percent ( ) compared with F. o. b. at distillery in Pennsylvania, case of 12 quarts. Ter cent ( ) compared with 100 pounds. Percent ( ) compared with i I $ $ $ (x) January February March A pril (1) M ay ) June July ) V) August ( September October (!) November December (l) i Norelative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

261 APPENDIX A. TABLE OF WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLE- SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916,1 BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES. Group I. Farm products. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Cotton, middling: New Orleans... 3,606,507 1,803,253 Pound. Pound. Flaxseed, No ,106 Bushel. Grain: Barley, fair to good, m alting... 75,301 Bushel. Corn, cash Contract grades ,311 Bushel? No. 3, m ixed ,467 Bushel. Oats, cash ,860 Bushel. Rye, No. 2, cash... 29,521 Bushel. Wheat, cash Chicago, No. 1, northern spring... 26,984 Bushel. Chicago, No. 2, red winter... Kansas City, No. 2, hard winter... Minneapolis, No. 1, northern spring , , ,859 Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Portland, Oreg., bluestem... 41,357 Bushel. H ay, tim othy, N o. l... Hides: 10,686 Short ton. Calfskins, No Green, salted, packers 131,362 Pound. Heavy native steers... Heavy Texas steers... Hops: 614, ,415 Pound. Pound. New York State, prime to choice... Pacific coast... 15,502 32,575 Pound. Pound. Live stock (for food): Cattle, steers Choice to prime....41,449 Good to choice... 82,898 Hogs H eavy... 19,110 Light... 57,329 Sheep Ewes, fed, poor to best... 2,300 Lambs, good to prime... 8,049 Wethers, fed, common to best... 1, ,777 Peanuts, No. 1 grade... Poultry, live fowls: Chicago... New York, choice... Tobacco, Burley, dark red, good leaf , pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. Pound. Pound. Pound. 100 pounds. Group II. Food, etc. Beans, medium, choice... Bread: Crackers Oyster... Soda... Loaf Chicago... Cincinnati... New Orleans... New Y ork... San Francisco,... Butter: Boston Creamery, extra... Creamery, firsts... Creamery, seconds Chicago Creamery, extra... Creamery, extra firsts. Creamery, firsts... N o weight. No weight. N o weight. No weight. No weight. N o weight. No weight. 23,179 73,917 11, , ,234 51, pounds. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. 1 For years prior to 1915 these weights have been revised to conform to changes in the number and kinds of articles included

262 262 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO TABLE OF WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLE SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES Contd. Group II. F ood, etc. Continued. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Butter Concluded. Cincinnati W hole milk, extra... : Creamery, centralized firsts...j Creamery, centralized seconds , Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. New Orleans Pound. Creamery, choice Pound. New York creamery, fl'^tra Pound. Creamery, firsts ,520 Pound. Creamery, seconds ,228 Pound. Philadelphia Creamery, extra ,179 Pound. Creamery, extra firsts i 73,917 Pound. Creamery, firsts ,665 Pound. San Francisco Creamery *e x t r a... 5,349 Pound. Creamery, firsts... 17,058 Pound. Canned goods: Com, New Y ork standard... 14,903 Dozen. Peas, western, No. 5 sieve... 11,803 Dozen. Tomatoes, New.Tp.rsfiy, N n ,820 Dozen. Cheese: Chicago, whole milk, American twins Pound. New x ork; whole milk, colored,, fancy Pound. San Francisco, California flats, fancy... 70,728 Pound. Coffee, R io, No. 7...*... 1,038,439 Pound. Eggs: Boston, firsts, western... 92,669 Dozen. Chicago, firsts, fresh ,673 Dozen. Cincinnati, firsts, fresh Dozen. New Orleans, candled, western Dozen. New Y ork, firsts, fresn gathered ,673 Dozen. Philadelphia, extra firsts, western Dozen. San Francisco, fresh, selected, pullets Dozen. Fi h: Cod, large, shore (pickled, cured) pounds. Herring, pickled, domestic, split, large No Barrel. Mackerel, salt, large No. 3s Barrel. Salmon, canned, Alaska red... 18,431 Dozen cans. Flour: Buckwheat... Rye, pure, medium straight... Whpnt TViLvdv 2,010 1,594 Kansas City, winter patents... 16,670 Barrel. Kansas City, winter straights... 5,557 Barrel. Minneapolis, standard patents... 23,569 Barrel. Minneapolis, second patents... 7,856 Barrel. St. Louis, first patent... 20,120 Barrel. St. Louis, second patent... 6,707 Barrel. Toledo, patent... 20,120 Barrel. Toledo, straight... 6,707 Barrel. Fruit: Apples Evaporated, choice... No weight. Fresh, Baldwin... 21,254 Barrel. Bananas, Jamaica, 8s... 35,772 Bunch. Currants, uncleaned, in barrels... 32,164 Pound. Lemons, California... 4,119 B ox. Oranges, California... 19,784 Box. Prunes, California, in 25-pound boxes ,796 Pound. Raisins, California, coast seeded ,075 Pound. Glucose, 42 m ixing... Lard, prime contract... Meal, corn: Fine white... Fine yellow...:... Meat: B a c o n - Short clear sides... Short rib sides... Beef, fresh Chicago, carcass, good native steers... New York, native sides... 7,701 1,243, pounds. Barrel. 100 pounds. Pound. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound.

263 APPENDIX A. 263 TABLE OF WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLE SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES Contd. Group II. Food, etc. Concluded. Commodity. Quantityused as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Meat Concluded. Beef, salt, extra, mess... Hams, smoked... Lamb, dressed, round... Mutton, dressed... Pork, salt, mess... Poultry, dressed fowls Chicago, iced... New York, western, dry picked... Veal, city dressed, good to prime... Milk, fresh: Chicago (vicinity)... New York (vicin ity)... San Francisco (vicinity)... Molasses, New Orleans, open kettle... Oleomargarine, standard quality, uncolored... Oleo oil, extra... Olive oil: French, bulk... Italian... Rice, Honduras, head... Salt, American, m edium... Soda, bicarbonate of, American... Spices: pep, black, Singapore... Starch, corn, for culinary purposes... Sugar: 96 centrifugal... Granulated, in barrels... Tallow, packers prime... Tea, Formosa, fine... Vegetables, fresh: Cabbage... Onions... Potatoes, white, range from good to choice Vinegar, cider, 40-grain , , ,251 4, , ,549,814 55, , ,737 1,007 3, ,674 22,136 No weight. 36,241 No weight. 6,316,034 7,366, , , , ,491 98,404 Barrel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Barrel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Quart. Quart. Quart. Gallon. Pound. Pound. Gallon. Gallon. Pound. Barrel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Short ton. Sack. Bushel. Gallon. Group III. Cloths and clothing. Bags, cotton, 2-bushel, Amoskeag... Blankets: All-wool, 5 pounds to the pair.... Cotton, 2 pounds to the pair... Boots and shoes: * Men s Split seamless Creedmores... Vici calf, blucher... Gun metal, Goodyear welt, blucher.... Gun metal, Goodyear welt, button... Vici kid, Goodyear welt... W omen s Gun metal, Goodyear welt, button... Patent leather pump, McKay sewed.... Gun metal, McKay sewed, button... Broadcloth, first quality black, 54-inch, X X X w ool... Calico, American standard prints, 7 yards to the pound.. Carpets: Axminster, Lowell, Brussels, 5-frame, B igelow... Wilton, 5-frame, Bigelow.... Cotton flannels: Colored, 2f yards to the pound... Unbleached, ty yards to the pound... Cotton thread, 6-cord, 200-yard spools, J. & P. Coats... Cotton yarns, carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones: 10/ /1... Denims, Massachusetts, 2.20 yards to the pound... Drillings: Pepell, brown, 2.85 yards to the pound, 29-inch... Massachusetts D standard, 30-inch... Flannels, white, 4-4, Ballard Vale, No No weight. 3,002 1, ,969 No weight. 16,702 5,291 6, , , , , , ,322 3,856 Pound. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Spool. Pound. Pound. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard.

264 264 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO TABLE OP WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OP WHOLE SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916, BY GROUPS OP COMMODITIES Contd. Group III. Cloths and clothing Concluded. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Ginghams: Amoskeag, 6.37 yards to the pound... Lancaster, 6.50 yards to the pound... Horse blankets, all wool, 6 pounds each... Hosiery: Men s cotton half hose, seamless, fast black... Women s cotton hose Full fashioned, combed peeler yarn, double sole. Seamless, carded yarn, single thread... Leather: Calf, chrome, dull or bright finish, B grade... Harness, California oak, No Sole Hemlock, middles, N o.l... Oak, scoured backs, heavy... Linen shoe thread, 10s, Barbour... Overcoatings: Covert cloth, all wool, double and twist, 14-ounce... Kersey, wool-dyed, 56-inch... Soft-faced, black, plain twill, 24-ounce... Percale, Scout, 36-inch, 5.35 yards to the pound... Print cloths, 27-inch, 7.60 yards to the pound... Sheetings: Bleached Pepell, Wamsutta, Brown Indian Head, 4-4, 2.85 yards to the pound... Pepell, R, 4-4, 3.75 yards to the pound... Ware Shoals L. L., 4-4, 4 yards to the pound Shirtings, bleached muslin, 4-4: Fruit of the L oom... Lonsdale (new construction)... Rough Rider.. Wamsutta < o > XX Silk, raw: Italian, classical... Japan, Kansai, No \... Suitings: Clay worsted, diagonal 12-ounce ounce... Middlesex, wool-dyed, blue... Serge, 11-ounce Tickings, Amoskeag, A. C. A., 2.05 yards to the p ou n d... Trouserings, fancy worsted, lo j to 17J ounces to the y a rd. Underwear: Cotton Men s shirts and drawers... Women s union suits... Merino Men s shirts and drawers, 50 cent wool. Union suits, 40 cent wool... Women s dress goods: All wool Broadcloth, inches... French serge, 35 inches... Storm serge, double warp, 50-inch... Cotton warp Cashmere, Hamilton Mills... Poplar cloth, 36-inch... Sicilian cloth, 50-inch... Wool, Ohio,scoured fleece: Fine (X and X X grades)... Medium (one-fourth and three-eighths grades). Worsted yarns: 2-40s, Australian fine s, crossbred stock No weight. 24,806 13,193 24, ,121 98, ,347 87,535 3,815 1,984 1,786 2,248 No weight. 2,966,409 44,145 38,756 98, , , , , , ,022 5,803 17, , ,567 2,048 2, ,121 48,016 33,611 26,010 26,010 18, ,898 70,139 25,235 Yard. Yard. Dozen pairs. Dozen pairs. Dozen pairs. Square foot. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Pound. Pound. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. D o z e n g a r - ments. Dozen suits. D o z e n g a r ments. Dozen suits. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard, Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound.

265 APPENDIX A. 265 TABLE OF WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OP WHOLE SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES Contd. Group IV Fuel and lighting. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Alcohol, denatured, 180 proof ,552 Gallon. Candles, adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce... 38,466 Pound. Coal: Anthracite Broken... Chestnut... 3,439 12,962 Egg... 7,783 Stove... 11,652 Bituminous, Pittsburgh, run of mime, 107,551 Semibituminous New R iver ,551 Long ton. Long ton. Long ton. Long ton. Short ton. Short ton. Pocahontas... 96,028 Long ton. Coke, Connellsville, furnace... Short ton. 39,472 Gasoline, m otor ,328 Gallon. Matches, Globe, N o.l... Petroleum: 12,071 Case. Crude ,171 Barrel. Refined S. W. 110 fire test, for export Gallon. W. W. 150 fire test Gallon. Group V. Metals and metal products. Augers, regular, 1-inch... No weight. Axes, Essex, pattern handled... Bar iron:.. No weight. Best refined, Philadelphia Pound. Common, from mill, Pittsburgh Pound. Butts, loose pin, wrought steel, 3 by 34 inches... (ihisels, regular, socket firmer, 1-inch... Cop: Ingot, electrolytic... No weight. No weight. 1,312,438 Pound. Sheet, hot-rolled (base sizes)..... No weight. Wire, bare, No ,964 Pound. Door knobs, steel, bronze-plated... No weight. Files, 8-inch mill bastard... No weight. Hammers, Maydole, No Iron ore, Mesabi Bessemer... No weight. 52,310 Long ton. Lead, pig, desilverized... Lead pipe ,153 1,058 Pound. 100 pounds. Locks, common mortise, knob lock, 3J-inch... No weight. Nails, 8-penny, fence and common: C ut... W ire... No weight. 13,916 Keg. Pig iron: Basic... Bessemer... Foundry 1,742 1,168 Long ton. - Long ton. No. 2, northern No. 2, southern... Pipe, cast-iron, 6-inch... Planes, jack planes... Quicksilver... Saws, Disston: Cross-cut, No. 2, 6-foot... Hand, No. 8, skewback, 26-inch... Shovels, Ames, No Silver, bar, fine ,146 No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. 151,969 Steel: Billets, Bessemer... 4,972 Plates, tank, J-inch thick... 5,256,756 Long ton. Long ton. Short ton. Ounce. lo n g ton. Pound. Rails, standard Bessemer... 1,767 Ton. Open hearth... 1,257 Ton. Sheets, b ox annealed, No No weight. Structural... 4,996,876 Pound. Tin: Pig... 94,248 Pound. Plate, coke... 12, pounds. Trowels, Johnson s, brick. 10i-inch... No weight. Vises, solid box, 50-pound... No weight.

266 266 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO TABLE OF WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLE SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES Contd. Group V. Metals and metal products Concluded. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Wire: Barbed, galvanized... 6,471 9,580 No weight. Plain, annealed, Nos. 0 to 9... W ood screws, 1-inch, No. 10, flathead... Zinc: Sheet... Spelter (pig zinc), western , pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. Pound. Group VI. Lumber and building materials. Brick, common: Chicago, run of kiln, salmon... Cincinnati, red, building... New York, red, domestic, building... Cement: Portland, domestic Rosendale... Doors, western white pine... Glass: Plate, polished, glazing Area 3 to 5 square feet... Area 5 to 10 square feet... W indow, American, single, 25-inch A A... B... Lath, eastern spruce, lj-inch slab... Lime, eastern, com m on... Lumber: Douglas fir No No. 2 and better... Hem lock... Maple... Oak, white Plain... Quartered... P in e - White, boards, rough, No. 2 b a m... W hite, boards, rough, ups... Yellow, flooring... Yellow, siding... Poplar, yellow... Spruce, eastern... Paint materials: Lead, carbonate of (white lead), American, in oil Linseed oil, raw... Turpentine, spirits o f... Zinc, oxide of (zinc white), American, extra dry. Putty.... Rosin, common to good, strained... Shingles, 16 inches Tong: Cypress... Red cedar... Tar, pine ,435 No weight. No weight ,388 23,278 3,642 1,214 3,051 1,107 1,471 2,943 3, ,173 6, , , ,528 29, ,550 63,502 3,673 1,387 12,005 No weight. 1,000. 1,000. 1,000. Barrel. Square foot. Square lo o t.' 50 square feet. 50 square feet. 1,000. Barrel feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet. Pound. Gallon. Gallon. Pound. Pound. Barrel. 1,000. 1,000. Group VII. Drugs and chemicals. Alcohol: Grain, 190 proof, U. S. P... 48,912 Gallon. W ood, refined, 95 cent... :... 12,636 Gallon. Alum, lum p ,940 Pound. Borax, crystals and granulated, sacks... 82,875 Pound. Glycerin, refined,* chemically pure ,353 Pound. Muriatic acid, ,223 Pound. Opium, natural, in cases Pound. Quinine, manufacturers7quotations... 2,310 Ounce. Sulphur (brimstone), stick, crude Long ton.... Sulphuric acid, ,367,214 Pound.

267 APPENDIX A. 267 TABLE OF WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLE SALE PRICES FOR 1915 AND 1916, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES Concld. Group VIII. House-furnishing goods. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Earthenware: Plates, 7-inch Cream-colored... 11,451 Dozen. W hite granite... 10,737 Dozen. Teacups and saucers, white granite... Furniture: Bedroom sets, 3 pieces... Chairs Bedroom, rocker, oak... Kitchen, hardwood... Tables, kitchen, 2 b y 3J feet, with drawer... Glassware, common: NaDpies, 4-inch... 8,722 No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. Dozen each. 5,359 Dozen. Pitchers, 1-gallon... 5,359 Dozen. Tumblers, table, J-pint ,687 Dozen. Table cutlery: Carvers, stag handles... Knives and forks, cocobolo handles, metal bolsters... Wooden ware, oak-grained: Pails, 3-hoop... Tubs... No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. Group IX. Miscellaneous. Beer, western, light or dark... Cottonseed meal, prime... Cottonseed oil, prime, summer yellow... Jute, raw... Lubricating oil, paraffin... Malt, standard keg beer... Pa: News, wood, roll, annual contracts... Wrapping, manila, No. 1 ju te... Proof spirits... Rope, pure manila, -inch (base size) and larger... Ruober, Para Island, fine... Soap: L a u n d ry bars to a box of 68f pounds bars to a b ox of 75 pounds... Starch, laundry... Tobacco: Plug, Climax... Smoking, granulated, Blackwell s Bull Durham Whisky, straight: Bourbon 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels, Kentucky Bottled in bond, K entucky... Rye 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels Illinois... Pennsylvania... Bottled in bond Illinois... Pennsylvania... W ood pulp, sulphite, domestic, unbleached... No weight. 1,675 1,187, , ,294 47,591 2,388,164 1,526,134 No weight. 150,170 84,568 12,631 11, , ,418 22,486 31,251 1, ,358 Short ton. Pound. Pound. Gallon. Bushel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. B ox. B ox. Pound. Pound. Gallon. Case. Gallon. Gallon. Case. Case. 100 pounds.

268 APPENDIX B. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OP COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND [The figures denoting the values in exchange in this table have been obtained b y multiplying the wholesale of each commodity for the year by the estimated quantity marketed in 1909.] Group I. Farm products Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value oi A ll commodities. Commodities in group. All commodities. Cotton, middling: N p.w Orlfifvns...,... $508, New Y ork... $654, , Flaxseed, No. 1: Chicago... 31, Minneapolis... 44, Grain: Barley, malting Choice to fancy... 50, Fair to good... 65, Com, cash Contract grades , , No. 3 m ixed , Oats, cash , , Rye, No. 2, cash... 23, , Wheat j casn Chicago, No. 1, spring... 38, Chicago, No. 2, winter , Chicago, range of two grades 819, Kansas City, N o. 2, winter 329, Minneapolis, No. 1, spring , Portland, Oreg.,bluestem.. 48, Hay, timothy, No Hides: 143, , Calfskins, N o. l... 44, Green, salted, packers7 Heavy native steers , , Heavy Texas steers 73, Hops: New York State... 9, , Pacific coast... 3, Live stock (for food): Cattle, steers Cnoice to prim e , , Good to choice... Hogs 534, , H eavy , , Light... Sheep 422, , Ewes, poor to best... 16, Lambs, good to prime... 88, Wethers, common to best... 50, , Wethers, western... 10, Peanuts, No. 1 grade... Poultry, live fowls: 15, Chicago... 37, New York, choice... 73, , Tobacco, Burley, dark red , , Farm products... 4,056, ,128,

269 APPENDIX B. 269 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Continued. Group n. F ood, etc Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of A ll commodities. Commodities in group. A ll commodities. Beans, medium, choice... $34, $71, Butter: Boston Crp.amery, extra... 7, Creamery, firsts... 23, Creamery, seconds... 3, Chicago Creamery, extra... 33, Creamery, extra firsts , Cream tvry, firsts... 15, Cincinnati Whole m ilk, extra... 1, Creamery, firsts... 5, Creamery, seconds F,lgin, Til., nrpifljufiry, Flgin 100, , Creamery, New Orleans fancy... 1, Creamery, choice... 5, New York Creamery, extra , , Creamery, firsts... 50, Creamery, seconds... 7, Dairy... 92, Philadelphia Creamery, extra... 8, Creamery, extra firsts... 24, Creamery, firsts. 3, San Francisco Creamery, extra... 1, Creamery, firsts... 4, Canned goods: Cofn No. 2, fancy... 13, New York standard... 12, Peas No. 2, sifted... 16, Western, No. 5, sieve... 9, Tomatoes, standard New Jersey... 24, , Cheese: Chicago, American twins... 24, New York;, fancy... 52, , San Francisco, California flats... 11, Coffee, Rio, No , , Eggs: Boston, firsts, western... 26, Chicago, firsts, fresh... 60, Cincinnati, firsts, fresh... 25, New Orleans, candled, western... 22, New York, firsts, fresh... 67, New Y ork, new laid, near-by, fancy , Philadelphia, extra firsts... 27, San Francisco, fresh... 25, Fish: C o d - D ry bank, Boston... 4, Large, shore, Gloucester... 5, Herring Nova Scotia, split... 3, Domestic, split... 3, Mackerel, sale, large No. 3s... 1, , Salmon, canned Alaska, red... 30, Chinook fancy, Is... 31,333.s i.22 Flour: Buckwheat... 4, , R ye Minneapolis, medium straight... 9, New Y ork... 7,i50.i s.05 1 Less than one-hundredth of 1 cent.

270 270 W HOLESALE P R IC E S /1890 TO RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Continued. G roup II. F ood, etc. Continued Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of All commodities. Commodities in group. A ll commodities. Flour Concluded. Wheat Kansas City, winter patents... $106, Kansas City, winter straights... 33, Minneapolis, second patents... 55, Minneapolis^ standard patents , New York, spring patents... $463, New York, winter straights , St. Louis, patent , St. Louis, straight... 40, Toledo, patent , Toledo, straight... 43, Fruit: Apples, Baldwin... 67, Bananas, Jamaica, 8s... 33, Currants, unclean^d, in harreils 1, , Lemons, California... 17, Orangps; California 68, Prunes, California... Raisins, California... Glucose, 42 m ixing... Lard, prime contract... Meal, corn: Fine white... 7,370 18,163 19, ,374 43, ,215 20,769 19, ,509 55, Fine yellow... 42, , Meat: B a c o n - Short clear sides... Short rib sides... Beef, fresh 43,480 42, ,120 54, Chicago, good native steers... New York, native sides... Beef, salt, extra, mess... Hams, smoked... Lambs, dressed, round... Mutton, dressed , ,735 6, ,472 44, , ,819 11, ,124 60,449 20, Pork, salt, mess , , Poultry, dressed fowls Chicago, iced... 35, New York, western... 68, , Veal, good to prim e... 48, Milk, fresh: Chicago (vicinity) , New York (vicin ity ) , , San Francisco (vicin ity)... 58, Molasses, New Orleans, open kettle... 19, , Oleomargarine, standard quality... 26, Oleo oil, extra... 20, Olive oil: French, bulk... 1, Italian... 6, Rice: Domestic, choice, head... 42, Honduras, head... 31, Salt, American, m edium... 18, , Spices: pep, black, Singapore... 2, , Sugar: 96 centrifugal , , Granulated, in barrels , , Tallow: Chicago, packers prim e... 20, New York , Tea, Formosa, fine... 26, , Vegetables, fresh: Cabbage... 9, , Onions Chicago... 9, New Y ork... 9,

271 APPENDIX B. 271 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Continued. Group II. F ood, etc. Concluded Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of All commodities. Commodities in group. All commodities. Vegetables, fresh Concluded. Potatoes, white Good to choice... $441, Ordinary to fancy... $272, Vinegar, cider, 40-grain... 17, ,793.2&.06 Food, e tc... 3,886, ,174, Group III. Cloths and clothing. Blankets: All-wool, 5 pounds to the pair... $3, $4, Cotton 2 pounds to the pair... 1, Boots and shoes: Men s Brogans, split... 37, Creedmores, split... 24, Vici calf, blucher... 92, , Gun metal, blucher... 50, Gun metal, button... 63, Vici kid, Goodyear welt... 81, , W omen s Gun metal, Goodyear w elt... 79, Patent leather pum p... 55, Gun metal, McKay sewed... 67, Solid grain... 90, Broadcloth, first quality black... 40, , Carpets: Brussels, Bigelow, 5-frame... 6, , Lowell Axm inster... 22, Ingrain, 2-ply... 6, W ilton, Bigelow, 5-frame... 13, , Cotton flannel: Colored, 2f yards to the pound... 15, , Unbleached, 3 yards to the pound 11, , Cotton thread, 6-cord, 200-yard spools... 20, , Cotton yams, carded, mule-spun: 10-1, white, northern, cones... 47, , , white, northern, cones... 54, , Denims, 2.20 yards to pound... 13, , Drillings, brown: Pepell... 10, , Massachusetts D standard... 13, Stark A... 11, Flannels, all-wool, white... 1, , Ginghams: Amoskeag... 21, , Lancaster... 21, , Hosiery: Men s cotton half hose... 20, , Women s cotton hose Full fashioned... 23, , Seamless, single thread... 19, , Leather: Calf, chrome, B grade... 43, , Harness, oak California, No , No. 1,17 pounds and u p... 37, Sole Hemlock, middles, No , , Oak, scoured backs, heavy... 36, , Linen shoe threads, 10s... 3, ,

272 272 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Continued. Group III. Cloths and clothing Concluded Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of A ll commodities. Commodities in group. A ll commodities. Overcoatings: $4, $4, Kersey, wool-dyed, 56-inch , Soft-faced, black, plain twill... 4, Print cloths: 27-inch , inch , Sheetings: Bleached 11, , , , Brown Indian Head, , Lawrence L. L., , Ware Shoals L. L., , Shirtings, bleached muslin, 4-4: Fruit of the Loom... 11, , Lonsdale (new construction)... 11, Lonsdale (old construction)... 11, Hough Rider... 11, , Wamsutta... 11, , Silk, raw: Italian, classical... 25, , Japan Kansai, No , , Suitings: Clay worsted, diagonal 12-ounce... 24, , ounce... 29, , Middlesex, wool-dyed, blue 14-ounce... 31, ounce... 39, Serge, 11-ounce... 21, , Tickings, Amoskeag, A. C. A... Trouserings, fancy worsted... 13,675 49, ,816 51, Underwear: All-wool shirts and drawers... 45, Cotton Men s shirts and drawers , Wnmfln sunion s u it s , Merino Men s shirts and drawers, 50 cent w ool... 34, Men s shirts and drawers, m ntwnnl. 60 4, TTninn suits. 40 rkvr cent w ool 3, Women s dress goods: All-wool P.ash m Ar a 35-in rvh 25, French serge, 35-inch... 21, Panama clotn, 54-inch... 32,869 i Storm serge, double warp... 25, Broadcloth, inches... 46, Cotton warp r.ashmara. Atlantic Mills 4, Cashmere, Hamilton Mills. 3, , Prmlnr ninth. Sfi-inch 3, , Sicilian cloth, 50-inch... 4, , Wool, Ohio, scoured fleece: Fine (X and X X grades)... 86, , Medium (1 and grades)... 38, , Worsted yarns: 2-40s Australian fine... 82, , s crossbred stock 23, , Cloths and clothiner... 1,647, ,336,

273 APPENDIX B. 273 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Continued. Group IV. Fuel and lighting Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group.. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of A ll commodities. Commodities in group. All commodities. Alcohol, denatured, 180 proof... $2, Candles, adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce... $2, , Coal: Anthracite Broken... 14, Chestnut... 62, Egg... 37, , Stove... 56, , Bituminous Georges Creek, at mine , Georges Creek, New Y ork , Pittsburgh, run-of-mine , Y oughiogheny , i.50 Semibituminous New River , Pocahontas...: 358, Coke, Connellsville, furnace... 79, , Gasoline, m otor , Matches: Domestic, parlor... 18, Globe, No , Petroleum: Crude , , Refined 110 fire test, S. W... 69, , fire test, W. W , , Fuel and lighting... 1,390, ,071, Group V. Metals and metal products. Bar iron: Best refined, Philadelphia.. Common, Pittsburgh... Cop: Ingot, electrolytic... Wire, bare, No Iron ore, Mesabi Bessemer... Lead, j>ig, desilverized... Lead pipe... Nails, wire, 8-penny... Pig iron: Bessemer... Foundry No No. 2, northern... No. 2, southern... Gray forge, southern... Pipe, cast-iron, 6-inch... Silver, bar, fine... Steel: Billets, Bessemer... Plates, tank, i-inch th ick. Bails, standard Open-hearth. Structural... Tin: P ig... Plate, coke New Y ork. Pittsburgh Bull $19,065 15, ,061 41,370 31,409 5,100 26,673 20,333 45,529 41,961 7,648 **79,'267* 122,390 84,672 27,879 48,458 $35, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

274 274 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OP COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Continued. Group V. Metals and metal products Concluded Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of A ll commodities. Commodities in group. A ll com modities. Wire: Barbed, galvanized... Plain annealed... Zinc: Sheet... Spelter (pig zinc), western... Metals and metal products... $15, $22,745 23,152 3,826 25, ,819 65, , ,985, Group VI. Lumber and building materials. Brick, common: Chicago, salmon... Cincinnati, red, building... New York, red, building... Cement, Portland, domestic... Glass: Plate, polished, glazing 3 to b square feet... 5 to 10 square feet... W indow, American, single, 25-inch- A A... B... Lath, eastern spruce, IJ-inch slab... Lime, common... Lumber: Douglas fir No No. 2 and better... Hemlock... Maple... Oak, w h ite - Plain... Quartered... P in e - White, boards, No. 2 b a m... W hite, boards, ups... Yellow, flooring... Yellow, siding... Poplar, yellow... Spruce, eastern... Paint materials: Lead, carbonate of (white lead)... Linseed oil, raw... Turpentine, spirits o f... Zinc, oxide of (zinc, white)... Putty... Rosin, common to good, strained... Shingles, 16 inches long: Cypress... Rea cedar... Lumber and building materials. $62,526 92,375 5,014 7,003 8,030 6,399 24,326 62,800 34,317 71, , ,236 36, , ,687 49,500 44,162 15,749 59,466 14,609 7, ,856 24,060 1,685, $15,612 22,032 26, ,507 7,252 8,391 12,719, 8,631 18,521 32,706 37,786 22,560 71,826 44,926 90, , ,625 40, , ,218 51,791 49,409 22,919 76,978 14,615 13,192 2,064 21,303 4,779 22,930 1,831, Group VII. Drugs and chemicals. Alcohol: Grain, 190 proof, U. S. P... Wood, refined, 95 cent. Alum, lum p... Borax, crystals... Glycerin, refined... Muriatic add, $128, , , , , $130,267 8,476 11,389 5,420 62,651 2,

275 APPENDIX B. 275 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMMODITIES, AS MEASURED BY THEIR WHOLESALE VALUES IN EXCHANGE IN 1909 AND 1916 Concluded. Group VII. Drugs and chemicals Concluded Commodity. Value in exchange (expressed In millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of Commodities in group. Value in exchange (expressed in millions). Value of commodity expressed as cent of aggregate value of A ll commodities. Commodities m group. A ll commodities. Opium, natural, in cases... Quinine, manufacturers quotations... Sulphur (brimstone), stick... Sulphuric acid, 66...*... Drugs and chemicals... $2, ,896 13, $5,567 1,578 8,397 27, , , , Group VIII. House-furnishing goods. Earthenware: Plates, 7-inch Cream colored... $4, $5, W hite granite... 4, , Teacups and saucers, white granite 4, , Glassware, common: ' Nappies, 4-inch Pitchers, ^-gallon... 5, , Tumblers, table, -pint... 1, , House-furnishing goods... 22, , Group IX. Miscellaneous. Cottonseed meal, prim e... $53, $61, Cottonseed oil, prim e... 69, , Jute, raw... 9,947 * , Lubricating oil, paraffin , Malt, standard keg beer... Pa: 37, , News, wood, roll, contract... 48, , Wrapping, manila, No. 1 ju te... 72, , Rope, pure manila... RuDber, Para Island, fine... 12, , ,406 56, Soap, laundry: 100 bars to a b ox of 68f pounds... 35, bars to a box of 75 pounds... 42, Starch, laundry... 29, , Tobacco: Plug, C lim a x - 12 pieces to the pound... 84, ounces to the plug... Smoking, granulated 81, Blackwell s Bull Durham , Seal of North Carolina , W hisky, straight: Bourbon In barrels, Kentucky... 85, In bottles, Kentucky... 14, Rye In barrels Illinois... 22, Pennsylvania... 26, In bottles Illinois... 4, Pennsylvania... 3, W ood pulp, sulphite, domestic... 92, Miscellaneous , ,214, All commodities... 14,549, ,028, Less than one-hundredth of 1 cent.

276 APPENDIX C. WHOLESALE PRICES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND CANADA. GREAT BRITAIN, According to the.british Board of Trade Labor Gazette for January, 1917 (p. 6), the general level of wholesale s continued to rise throughout 1916, and the index number 1 for the year, based on the index numbers of 47 separate articles weighted in accordance with their estimated consumption,2 was the highest on record. In the following table the index numbers of 47 articles are classified into four groups, showing the total s for 1916 as compared with those of every year back to 1900, which is taken as the base, or 100. IN D E X N U M BERS OF 47 A R TIC LE S, C LASSIFIED B Y GROUPS, FO R EACH Y E A R, 1900 TO 1916, IN CLU SIVE, TH E Y E A R 1900 B EIN G T A K E N AS TH E BASE Y E A R OF T H E SERIES. [Source: Board of Trade Labor Gazette, January, 1917, pp. 6, 7.] Year. Coal and metals. Food, drink, and tobacco. Textiles (raw materials). Miscellaneous. All articles combined (January to J uly) (August to December) (year) , 1916 over i First 5 months of the war. 2 The figures for 1916 are preliminary and subject to correction. It will be noted that since 1908 the upward movement has been continuous, with a sharp advance in the years 1915 and 1916, incident to the war. The greatest increases, 1916 over 1915, were in the following commodities: Cotton, 59 cent; British wool, 63 cent; jute, 45 cent; silk, 47 cent; petroleum, 94 cent; paraffin wax, 64 cent; cotton seed, 63 cent; wood and timber, 56 cent. In foods the centage is not given for each commodity, but the general increase was approximately 23 cent, as shown in the table. This is less than in the other i A full explanation of the British Board o f Trade index numbers m ay be found in Bulletin No. 173 of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, p. 255 et seq. * The amount of consumption of an article is the production plus the imports, if any, minus the exports, [ if any. (See Bulletin No. 173, p. 259.) 276

277 APPENDIX C. 277 groups, but is significant, since the index number of this group had already reached a high level in The most noticeable increases were on potatoes, foreign spirits, rice, maize, and British barley. In the Economist for February 17, 1917 (pp. 293 and 343), the index numbers of commodity s are presented on a somewhat different basis and in a slightly different grouping from those published by the Board of Trade. Here the s of the various commodities in each group (five groups instead of four, as in the table above) in the five years 1901 to 1905 are totaled and divided by 2,6 the result being taken as the group basis. The market s at the various dates given are relatives of the basis The following table is a record of movements in various commodity groups, month by month, from the outbreak of the war down to the close of 1916: IN D E X N U M BERS OF COM M ODITY PRICES, B Y GROU PS, M ONTH B Y M ONTH FROM JAN. 1, 1914, TO DEC. 31, 1916, T H E A V E R A G E F O R T H E Y E A R S 1901 TO 1905 BEIN G T A K E N AS TH E BASIS, 100: SH OW ING ALSO T H E PE R C E N T A G E OF CH ANGE FROM MONTH TO MONTH. [Source: The Economist, Feb. 17,1917, p Date. Cereals and meats (10 articles). Other food products (tea, sugar, etc.) (6 articles). Textiles (10 articles). Minerals (8 articles). Miscellaneous (rubber, timber, oils, etc.) (10 articles). Total (44 articles). Percentage of change. Basis (), ,200 Jan. 1, , Apr. 1, J , July 1, * 551 2, End July, *64 464* 553 2, End August, , End September, , End October, * , End November, , End December, , End January, , End February, * 761 3, End March, , End April, , End May, , End June, , End Julv, J , End August, , End September, , End October, , End November, J 826 3, End December, , End January, i , End February, , End March, m , End April, ,019 4, End May,... c ,019 4, End June, ,015 4, End July, ,040 4, End August, ,086 4, End September,... 1, ,073 4, End October,... 1, J 850J 1,0874 4, End November,... 1, , ,102 4, End December,... 1, / ,112 4, a The Economist, Weekly Commercial Times, Bankers7 Gazette, and Railway Monitor; A Political, Literary, and General Newspa, Granville House, Arundel Street, Strand, London, W. C. b A t the time the Economist began to publish index numbers there were 22 commodities included. These have been increased to 44, and in order to make the present index number comparable with those based upon 22 articles, the totals are here divided by 2. c Taken from the table published in the Economist. The number should be 1,024.

278 278 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Cereals and meats, minerals, textiles, and the miscellaneous group share generously in the upward jump. In a sentence, the main causes of the aggravated advance of 1916 'vfere the deficiency of tonnage, the immense withdrawal of men from production, and inflation. CANADA. The Labor Gazette for January, 1917 (p. 50 et seq.), issued by the Department of Labor of Canada, states that the rise in s which was so marked in 1915, especially in the latter part of the year, continued throughout 1916, except for a slight decline during the summer months. But whereas the chief feature of the movement during 1915 was the advance in materials, a steep advance in foods as a result of crop shortage was the chief feature of 1916, although materials continued to advance very steeply in some lines. The first half of the year was marked by the continuation of the rises in metals and chemicals, which had been so steep in the latter part of 1915, while grains and foodstuffs were comparatively steady, with declines in some lines.7 Early in the summer the falling of some materials, including some metals and chemicals in which supplies were fast increasing, coincided with the seasonal declines in eggs, dairy products, and some vegetable foods, causing a slight decline in the general level of s as shown by the index number.1 Reports of unfavorable crop conditions, particularly for wheat, were followed by steady advances in the s of grains, although an enormous surplus from the bum crops of 1915 was being marketed. These conditions prevailed in nearly all countries, and, in Canada, potatoes, vegetables for canning, root crops, fodder corn, apples, and many fruits were affected as well as grain. Fortunately hay was a very late crop and to a considerable extent made up for the shortage in other lines, while pasture was very good during a great part of the season. From July on marked advances in all lines of food occurred until December, when a iod of steadiness appeared. A considerable drop in wheat took place, following reports of peace movements, and flour receded considerably after having reached over $10 barrel. Butter was nearly 50 cents pound wholesale, cheese was over 25 cents pound at the board sales, fresh eggs were up to 70 cents dozen wholesale and storage eggs to about 45 cents at Montreal and Toronto. Turkeys were nearly 30 cents pound wholesale and other poultry was high, although there was considerable marketing on account of the high cost of feed. Meats did not rise as steeply as other foods until the closing weeks of the year, as there was considerable marketing of live stock, but toward the end of the year the resulting scarcity was being 1 A full explanation of the index numbers compiled b y the Department of Labor of Canada may be found in Bulletin No. 173 of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, p. 176 et seq.

279 APPE^mx felt and s were rising rapidly. Meanwhile materials had risen in many lines, some being affected by crop conditions, such as cotton, which reached 20 cents pound. Wool was fairly steady during the latter part of the year, the British Government having secured control of the greater part of the world s production. Iron and steel again rose steeply, though other metals were fairly steady. Lumber also improved as demand increased both in Canada and for export. Miscellaneous building materials and paints were steeply upward. House furnishings were affected by the rising cost of raw materials. Pulp and pa markets were very firm, supplies being very scarce and the demand good. News print rose from 2 cents to 3 cents pound and pulp s were more than doubled. * * * Prices of fuel rose to record levels, owing to the shortage of supplies of anthracite coal in some districts and congestion in railway service. Bituminous coal was also scarce and high, there being a very heavy consumption in iron and steel works, munitions factories, transportation, etc. Wood rose in sympathy with coal. The following table shows the monthly variations of wholesale s in Canada during 1916, by groups of commodities: IN D E X NUMBERS OF W HOLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODITIES, FROM M O NTH TO M O NTH, [Compiled from data furnished by the Department of Labor, Canada.] [ s =100.] Number of commodities. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Grain and fodder Animals and meats Dairy products Fish Other foods: Fruits and vegetables Miscellaneous Textiles Hides, leather, boots Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting----- Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs, raw Liquors and tobaccos Sundries A ll commodities i The number of changes during the year according to season.

280 280 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Index numbers of wholesale s for all years since 1890, by groups of commodities, are contained in the table which follows: IN D E X N U M BERS OF COMMODITIES, B Y GROU PS, 1890 TO [Compiled from data furnished b y the Department of Labor, Canada.] [ s =100.] Grains and fodder Animals and meats Dairy produce Fish Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots... Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting... Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors and tobaccos Sundry T otal Grains and fodder Animals and meats Dairy produce Fish... : Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors and tobaccos Sundry Total Grains and fodder Animals and meats Dairy produce Fish Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors and tobaccos Sundry Total

281 INDEX. A. Page. Actual quotations, with source and market, and yearly Animal and vegetable products, farm products classified into, and variations in, by months, 1913 to... ' 23 Articles. (See Commodities; Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities.) and relative s of each commodity, with cent or, 1890 to C. Canada, wholesale s in, Index numbers, by commodity groups, 1890 to Index numbers, by commodity groups, each month, Cloths and clothing: Actual quotations of each article, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number of... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and ,272 Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, by months, 1913 to Price movements, of important articles, review of Table of weights used in computing index numbers ,264 Commodities: and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Classification of, adopted in present report... 8,9 Explanation of tables showing s o f Identical, in raw and manufactured state, indexes of, 1890 to Identical, in raw and manufactured state, indexes of, by months, 1913 to Index numbers, and cent or, by groups, 1890 to... 12,13 Index numbers, and cent or, by groups, each month, 1913 to ,15 Price movements of important articles, review of Quotations, series of, carried in present report... 8,9 Substitutions in list of, from time to tim e... 5 D. Drugs and chemicals: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and ,275 Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, by months, 1913 to Table of weights used in computing index numbers E. Explanation of tables showing s F. Farm products: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, Animal and vegetable products, classification into, and variations in, by months, 1913 to and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, andj cent or, by months, 1913 to Price movements of important articles, review o f Table of weights used in computing indexes Food, etc.: Actual quotations of each article, source and inarket, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, b y months, 1913 to Price movements of important articles, review o f Table of weights used in computing indexes Fuel and lighting: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, b y months, 1913 to Price movements of important articles, review o f Table of weights used in computing index numbers

282 282 IN D E X. G. Great Britain, wholesale s in, Index numbers, and cent of change, by commodity groups, each month, January 1, 1914, to December 31, Index numbers, b y com m odity groups, 1900 to H. House-furnishing goods: Actual quotations of each article, market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, by months, 1913 to Table of weights used in computing index numbers I# Importance, relative, of commodities, as measured b y wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Increase or in s, cent of: Commodity groups, 1890 to... 12,13 Commodity groups, b y months, 1913 to... 14,15 Farm products, classified into animal and vegetable products, by months, 1913 to Identical commodities, in raw and manufactured state, 1890 to Identical commodities, in raw and manufactured state, by months, 1913 to Specified articles, 1890 to Index numbers, or indexes: Canada Commodity groups, 1890 to... 12,13 Commodity groups, b y months, 1913 to... 14,15 Farm products, classified into animal and vegetable products, by months, 1913 to Great Britain ,278 Identical commodities, in raw and manufactured state, 1890 to Identical commodities, in raw and manufactured state, b y months, 1913 to Method of computation of... 5 Weights, table of, used in computing L. Lumber and building materials: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured by wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, b y months, 1913 to Table of weights used in computing index numbers M. Manufactured and raw commodities, indexes, 1890 to Manufactured and raw commodities, indexes, b y months, 1913 to Markets in which quotations were obtained... 7,8 Metals and metal products: Actual quotations of each article^ source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent for, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured b y wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and ,274 Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, b y months, 1913 to Price movements of important articles, review o f Table of weights used in computing index numbers ,266 Miscellaneous commodities group: Actual quotations of each article, market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number o f... 8,9 Importance of, relative, as measured b y wholesale values in exchange, 1909 and Index numbers, and cent or, 1890 to Index numbers, and cent or, b y months, 1913 to Table of weights used in computing index numbers P. Price movements of important articles, review o f Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities: Acid, muriatic ,243 Acid, sulphuric ,245 Alcohol, denatured ,207 Alcohol, grain ,242 Alcohol, wood ,242 Alum ,242 Anthracite, bituminous, and semibituminous coal... 51,52,107, Apples, evaporated... 47,84,164 Apples, fresh... 46,84,164 Augers ,213 Axes...109,213 Bacon... 47,87,168 Bags, cotton... 95,180 Bananas... 47,85,164

283 INDEX. 283 Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities Continued. Page. Bar iron ,214 Barley... 40,41,61,131 Beans... 49,69,142 Bedroom sets (furniture) ,247 Beef, fresh... 47,87,88,168,169 Beef, salt... 88,169 Beer ,252 Bicarbonate of soda... 92,175 Blankets, cotton and all-wool... 95,180 Blankets, horse... 99,189 Boots and shoes, men s and women s... 50,95,96, Borax ,243 Bread, crackers... 69,142,143 Bread, loaf... 69,70,143,144 Brick ,229 Brimstone ,245 Broadcloth... 96,184 Buckwheat flour...«... 81,159 Butter... 45,70-77, Butts ,215 Cabbage... 49,94,178 Calfskins... 42,43,65,135 Calico... 97,184 Candles ,207 Canned goods. (See Com; Peas; Tomatoes.) Carbonate of lead (white lead) ,238 Carpets... 97,184,185 Carvers, knives, and forks ,250 Cattle, steers... 43,66,137 Cement, Portland and Rosendale...116,117,230 Chairs and tables ,247,248 Cheese... 45,77,78,153 Chisels...109,215 Coal, anthracite, bituminous, and semibituminous... 51,52,107, Codfish... 80,157 Coffee... 78,154 C oke... 52,53,108,210 Cop, ingot and sheet... 54,55,110,216 Cop wire... 54,55,110,216 Com, canned... 49,77,152 Com, grain...41,62,131 Corn meal... 86,167 Cornstarch... 92,176 Cotton... 39,40,61,130 Cotton flannels... 97,185,186 Cotton goods... 49,50 Cottonseed meal ,252 Cottonseed oil ,253 Cotton thread... 98,186 Cotton yarns... 98,186,187 Crackers, oyster... 69,142 Crackers, soda... 69,143 Currants... 47,85,165 Cutlery, table ,250 Denim s... 98,187 D oorknobs ,217 Doors ,231 Douglas fir (lum ber)...118,234 Dress goods, women s , Drillings... 98,187,188 Earthenware ,246 Eggs... 46,78-80, Files ,217 Fish. (See Cod; Herring; Mackerel; Salmon.) Flannels, all-wool... 99,188 Flannels, cotton... 97,185,186 Flaxseed...40,61,130 Fleece, wool... 50,106,205,206 Flour (buckwheat, rye, wheat)... 46,81-84, Forks, knives, and. carvers ,250 Fowls, dressed... 90,171 Fowls, live... 68,141 Fruit, evaporated (apples, currants, prunes, raisins)... 47,84-86,164r-166 Fruit, f resh (apples, oananas, lemons, oranges)... 46,47,84,85,164,165 Furniture (bedroom sets, tables, and chairs) ,247,248 Gasoline... 53,54,108,211 Ginghams... 99,188,189 Glass ,232,233 Glassware (nappies, pitchers, tumblers) ,125,249 Glucose... 86,166 Glycerin ,243 Grain. (See Barley; Corn; Oats; R ye; Wheat.) Hammers ,217 Hams, smoked... 88,169 Hay, tim othy... 42,65,135 Hemlock (lum ber) ,235 Herring... 81,157 Hides ,43,65,135,136

284 284 INDEX. Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities -Continued. Page. Hogs... 43,44,66,67,138 Hops... 65,66,136 Horse blankets... 99,189 Hosiery, men s and women s... 99,100,189,190 Iron, bar ,214 Iron ore ,218 Iron, pig ,220,221 Jute ,253 Knives, forks, and carvers ,250 Lamb... 47,89,170 Lard... 47,86,167 Lath...118,233 Laundry soap... i ,128,256,2'57 Lead, carbonate of (white lead) ,238 Lead, pig... 55,111,218 Lead pipe...111,218 Leather... 50,100,191,192 Lemons... 46,47,85,165 Lime ,234 Linen shoe thread ,192 Linseed oil...; ,239 Live stock (for food). (See Cattle: Hogs: Sheep.) L o ck s ,219 Lubricating oil ,254 Lumber. {See Douglas fir; Hemlock: Maple: Oak; Pine; Poplar; Spruce.) Mackerel, salt... 81,158 Malt ,254 Maple (lum ber) ,235 Matches ,2 11 Meal, corn... 86,167 Meal, cottonseed ,252 Meats... 47,87-90, Milk...;... 45,46,90,91,172 Molasses... 91,173 Muriatic acid ,243 Mutton... 47,89,170 Nails, cut and wire...i ll, 219 Nappies, tumblers, pitchers ,125,249 Oak lumber ,235,236 Oats... 41,62,132 Oil, cottonseed ,253 Oil,linseed ,239 Oil, lubricating ,254 Oleomargarine... 91,173 O leooil... 91,173 Olive o il... 91,92,174 Onions... 49,94,178 Opium ,244 Oranges... 85,165 Overcoatings...101,193 Pails ,251 Paint materials. (See Lead, carbonate of; Linseed oil; Turpentine; Zinc, oxide of.) Pa, news ,255 Pa, wrapping ,255 Paraffin (lubricating o il) ,254 Peanuts... 68,140 Peas, canned... 49,77,152 Pep... 92,175 Percale...101,194 Petroleum, crude and refined... 53,108,211,212 Pig iron... 55,56,112,220,221 Pig lead...;... 55,111,218 Pig tin... 57,114,225 Pine, white and yellow (lum ber) ,236,237 Pipe, cast-iron...112,221 Pipe, lead ,218 Pitchers, nappies, tumblers ,125,249 Planes ,221 Plates, teacups, and saucers ,246 Poplar (lum ber) ,238 Pork, salt... 47,89,170 Potatoes... 48,49,94,179 Poultry, dressed fowls... 90,171 Poultry, live fow ls... 68,141 Print cloths ,194 Proof spirits ,255 Prunes... 47,85,166 Putty ,240 Quicksilver... 56,113,222 Quinine ,244 Raisins... 47,86,166 R ice... 47,48,92,174 Rope, manila ,256 Rosin ,240 R ubber ,256 R ye... 41,42,63,132 Rye flour... 46,81,159 Salmon, canned... 81,158