NEW PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON LITHIUM MARKETS Say Hello to POSCO
|
|
- Carol Pope
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 NEW PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON LITHIUM MARKETS Say Hello to POSCO May 31, 2017 Lithium Supply and Markets 2017 Montreal, Canada Jon Hykawy/Tom Chudnovsky
2 2 What is Stormcrow? We are a consultancy Our specialty is the study of opaque commodity markets Even more specifically, we study the supply, demand and future pricing of critical materials We are a registered securities dealer Not because we chase public deals, we are too small to make that work Because many of our larger clients eventually ask the question So what do we do? Being a securities dealer makes it easier for us to get paid! Today, we are here to give you what we hope you will agree is an unbiased look at lithium A hot topic, but too much sizzle and not enough steak is never good We have no junior company to pitch, no deposit to sell Our work has been conservative, and largely correct, in the past
3 3 What We Will Do Categorize processes Some processes are concentrative, some extractive, some both Important to differentiate, because often a concentrative process without new extraction can be useless Old Process (concentrating on brine) Let s be clear we understand what we do today, and why This might make advantages/disadvantages of new processes more apparent New processes Several groups are developing new processes Analysis There are some new processes/entrants that make more sense than others Money talks Implications If there is a potential winner, what are the implications for the market? Conclusions What might happen over the next few years
4 4 Lithium Extraction and Recovery Let s dwell for just a moment on what we are trying to accomplish in the field We want to produce lithium Remember that lithium metal is reactive, we want something a little more stable Typically, we ship lithium as carbonate (good), metal (bad) and hydroxide (kind of ugly) Some lithium also shipped as chloride, but not huge volumes, comparatively First we extract We bring brine containing lithium chloride in solution to the surface, or; We dig ore containing a lithium-bearing mineral out of the ground Then we concentrate Brine is subjected to solar evaporation or selective adsorption/elution, or; Minerals are separated and leached to make a concentrated leach liquor Then we extract In both cases, we remove impurities and we precipitate lithium by reacting with soda ash
5 5 The Old Process In all reasonable cases, we can all probably agree that brine processing is cheaper than hard-rock processing for lithium So we are going to concentrate on cheap brine processing So why the solar evaporation? Ponds are expensive and impact the environment (but are most importantly expensive) Answer is that we need to concentrate to economically extract A cheap way of removing lithium from brine is to add soda ash; lithium falls out as Li 2 CO 3 But solubility of Li 2 CO 3 at ambient temperature is 13,300 mg/l, not zero In metal terms, this is about 2,500 mg/l lithium Since natural brines are no higher than about 1,000 mg/l, we can t extract lithium directly using soda ash, we need to increase the natural grade We also need to worry about magnesium and calcium, since both have high solubility as chlorides (546,000 mg/l and 745,000 mg/l, respectively) and low as carbonates (390 mg/l and 6 mg/l, respectively)
6 6 The Old Process So, the old extraction process for brine is simple enough: Extract by pumping shallow brine to surface Concentrate lithium using solar evaporation or selective adsorption Deal with contaminants, especially magnesium and calcium (but also boron, and strontium, etc.) Precipitate clean lithium carbonate by adding soda ash Press, dry, bag But the evaporation process obviously has drawbacks: Native lithium grades are too low, concentration is necessary (and expensive) Contaminants are present and expensive (if too much, then too expensive) Evaporation takes time (the higher the desired lithium grade, the longer)
7 7 Concentration Costs Let s dwell on evaporation for a second We need 2,501 mg/l just to get anything at all out of solution using carbonate precipitation, so concentration using a process like evaporation is necessary Concentration adds cost Let s say we start with 700 mg/l brine Want to get to only 10,000 mg/l This is best illustrated as the following (at 100% efficiency) We need to evaporate 93% of our water!
8 8 but Recovery Rots But even with concentration, lithium recovery rates at this stage are woefully bad Even 10,000 mg/l gives us no better than 75% recovery efficiency That is before other real-world effects Losses from pond leakage and transfer losses Salt entrainment Overall recovery is likely less than 50%
9 9 New Processes New processes aim to overcome these drawbacks Some are new concentrative technology Tenova-Bateman has developed a method to pull concentrated, clean lithium into a process feed for extraction Others like Voltaic or MGX Minerals want to process different brines in different ways Some are examining new ion exchange methods, allowing them to pluck out lithium only Some are new extractive technology While they don t work with natural lithium brine, Nemaska s technology processes concentrated lithium sulfate in solution to lithium hydroxide, Neo Metal does the same with lithium chloride POSCO has developed and tested a method to extract lithium at lower concentrations and make clean hydroxide or carbonate
10 10 Tenova LiSX At core, Tenova s LiSX is solvent extraction Concentrative technology, touted as direct extraction from native brine Organic chemical mixed with brine, the organic chosen to selectively extract lithium One pass significantly upgrades lithium in solution, once stripped from organic Now, we have a much more concentrated and pure lithium solution Pros: Purifies and concentrates (gets rid of contaminants while upgrading lithium) Compact and fast (no ponds, lithium concentration done in hours not months) Cons: Column can only extract what s in it, so dilute brine means one column can t make much Conclusion: Should work, maybe not cost-effective using raw salar brine Good for hard rock?
11 11 MGX Minerals MGX aiming to work on de-oiling oil-field brines, extracting minerals Concentrative technology (Hypothetical) Pros: Fast and compact (no evaporation ponds) Lots of feedstock available Cons: Press releases suggest evaporation is used, likely vacuumassisted Likely that high levels of magnesium and calcium still need to be removed The results to date are not encouraging Oil companies try NOT to produce water Conclusions (Tentative) Much more work to be done Can t see how this approach will be anything but high cost
12 12 POSCO Lithium extraction by way of phosphate (PosLX, Posco Lithium extraction) Extractive technology According to patents and applications, use of phosphoric acid to precipitate Li 3 PO 4 Why is this an improvement over carbonate? Lithium phosphate solubility in ambient brine is not zero, but is only 390 mg/l Equivalent of only 70 mg/l in lithium metal terms
13 13 POSCO Pros: Could use a wide variety of feeds, with far lower lithium grade than carbonate precipitation Feed brine levels of 2,000-3,000 mg/l lithium are workable Much smaller ponds, if any, on input side Can perhaps use alternative brines, maybe even directly Cons: Still need to worry about the same contaminants as with conventional carbonate precipitation Conclusions If this is cost effective, it opens the door to huge new supplies of lithium New brine can be used, in locations where solar evaporation is impossible Existing brines might be harvested more efficiently
14 14 POSCO This not theoretical POSCO testing at various scales from 2 tpa piloting in 2011 to 2,500 tpa commercial-scale today
15 15 POSCO On costs, we can only speculate, publicly, at this point Clearly, there are chemical and other processes to convert lithium phosphate to either lithium carbonate or hydroxide Ideal situation is to efficiently recover phosphoric acid while doing conversion If the above can be done, then costs could reach lowest quartile levels Every project claims this, reality is different There are two very important considerations here Scale: We assume POSCO is not interested in lithium just to make 10,000 tpa Resources: POSCO has resources to execute (2016 revenues of USD$54 billion, 20x Albemarle) We believe PosLX represents the biggest change in this market in 30 years Think about what happens to production if current producers were to double their lithium recoveries, without pumping any additional brine, by applying PosLX
16 16 Historical Lithium Consumption End-use data gives the following Year Total Consumption (t Battery Consumption LCE) (t LCE) Other (t LCE) ,968 20, , ,613 24,346 77, ,726 29,058 96, ,306 32, , ,048 39, , ,484 50, , ,903 64, , ,000 65, , ,719 77, ,897 Source: Roskill, Stormcrow
17 17 Historical Lithium Pricing Data Available historical spot pricing for common lithium chemicals: is shown below Yes, a lot of lithium chemicals are sold by contract Some would argue that spot prices don t matter, but, at minimum, they show us the direction of the market Batt Year Tech Li 2 CO 3 Li 2 CO 3 Tech LiOH 2008 $ 5.37 $ - $ $ 4.10 $ - $ $ 3.97 $ - $ $ 3.91 $ 4.51 $ $ 4.80 $ 5.05 $ $ 4.84 $ 5.29 $ $ 4.46 $ 5.06 $ $ 7.64 $ 9.14 $ $ $ $ Source: Asian Metal
18 18 Projected Lithium Demand The following is projected latent demand through 2025 Batteries play an increasingly important role With respect to batteries, we are going to use a modified version of Avicenne s base scenario, without the Chinese battery explosion and without grid storage Don t forget ceramics and ceramic-glass, these maintain reasonable growth due to increases in consumer discretionary spending Rechargeable Batteries 93, , ,820 Ceramics 30,367 39,657 51,788 Glass-Ceramics 26,029 33,992 44,390 Greases 14,970 16,849 18,964 Glass 16,841 18,955 21,334 Metallurgical Powders 13,015 16,996 22,195 Polymer 9,539 10,947 12,624 Air Treatment 9,539 10,947 12,624 Non-rechargeable Batteries 3,670 4,051 4,450 Aluminum Other 16,841 18,955 21,334 Total 234, , ,614 Source: Stormcrow (2017)
19 19 Projected Lithium Supply Our Most Pessimistic Projections Lithium is not uncommon Money to build new mines is harder to come by Still, if a given project insists it can happen, and has technical ability to do so, which ones do we cut? Producer SQM 48,000 65,000 80,000 Greenbushes 75, , ,000 Rest of China 22,000 50,000 50,000 Bikita 5,500 11,000 11,000 Orocobre 13,000 35,000 35,000 FMC Lithium 22,000 22,000 22,000 Rockwood Brine 50,000 70,000 80,000 Lithium Americas/SQM 25,000 50,000 Nemaska 38,000 43,000 Galaxy Resources (Arg) 15,000 20,000 Galaxy Resources (Aus) 15,000 20,000 20,000 Neometal/MIN/Ganfeng (Aus) 25,000 58,000 58,000 POSCO (salar or alt brine) 30,000 40,000 Frontier Lithium 3,000 3,000 Pilbara Minerals 20,000 20,000 Eramet 15,000 15,000 Enirgi 20,000 20,000 New Chilean (Li3 et al) 15,000 20,000 Total (t LCE) 275, , ,000 Source: Stormcrow (2017)
20 20 Pricing Rationale via Fundamental Scarcity Factor of 15x!
21 21 Projecting Prices We develop a model, based on historical pricing There are some obvious issues with this approach First, the models are necessarily extrapolating, which is risky But we don t have a choice, we ve never seen these projected levels of demand or supply before Second, these models are mathematical Others might say that, having worked in the space, they know or feel what the market is doing Very likely nonsense; we saw industry experts get whip-sawed by the rare earths crisis in 2011, and by the uranium price run in 2007 Again, we have never seen these levels of demand from these particular markets before, so precognitively knowing what this suggests is impossible Our models are multivariate, generally incorporating a relevant demand level and a supply/demand gap
22 22 Projected Prices Based on individual models for the four major lithium chemical products Both carbonate and hydroxide in both technical and battery grade These are spot prices As such, we completely allow that contract and spot prices may differ significantly for a period of time Look at recent uranium spot price behavior Our projected prices for a few select years are: Pessimistic Supply Model Year Tech Grade CO 3 $ $ 5.85 $ 5.48 Batt Grade CO 3 $ $ 6.64 $ 6.22 Tech Grade OH $ $ 7.74 $ 7.25 Batt Grade OH $ $ 8.29 $ 7.76 Optimistic Supply Model Year Tech Grade CO 3 $ $ 6.15 $ 9.82 Batt Grade CO 3 $ $ 6.77 $ Tech Grade OH $ $ 7.85 $ Batt Grade OH $ $ 8.41 $ Source: Stormcrow (2017)
23 23 Conclusions Our projections developed assuming conventional sources and processing If we assume new methods and unconventional sources, then our model pushes toward oversupply and the pessimistic end of pricing That would mean battery-grade carbonate pricing of more than US$6,000 per tonne, batterygrade hydroxide pricing of more than US$7,500 per tonne This is not anything like current levels, but not bad, especially if cost of production is relatively low Our conclusions regarding new processing technology are fairly simple Much of the new technology is most useful for hard-rock sources, will remain high cost POSCO s PosLX is different, it can be targeted at unconventional brine, and may well be low cost While oversupply in our models is dependent on capital market largesse, POSCO s entry into the space is not We believe the advent of new technology likely pushes prices back toward historical levels, so new technology has to bring low opex
24 Stormcrow Jon Hykawy, PhD, MBA jon(at)stormcrow.ca President Tom Chudnovsky tom(at)stormcrow.ca Managing Partner
Examining the pipeline of production and the impact on supply and demand balances David Merriman Senior analyst
Examining the pipeline of production and the impact on supply and demand balances David Merriman Senior analyst 7 th Lithium Supply and Markets Conference - Shanghai 16 th -18 th June 2015 Disclaimer The
More information[REDACTED], [REDACTED],
Certain information and statistics set out in this section and elsewhere in this document relating to the industry in which we operate are derived from the Roskill Report prepared by Roskill, an experienced
More informationCharging up? Outlook for the Global Lithium Market. Stefan Schlag, Director April, 3, 2014
Charging up? Outlook for the Global Lithium Market Stefan Schlag, Director April, 3, 2014 Who we are As the premier provider of global market, industry and technical expertise, we understand the considerations
More informationForward Looking Statements
TSX.V: LiX 1/16 2/16 Forward Looking Statements This Presentation includes and is based on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
More informationFor personal use only
LAKE RESOURCES N.L. (ASX:LKE) ASX Market Announcements Office 10 December 2018 LILAC EXTRACTION PROCESS SHOWS POTENTIAL FOR HIGH LITHIUM RECOVERIES AT LOWEST QUARTILE COSTS AT KACHI Phase 1 Engineering
More informationSQM at a Glance. Contribution to Revenue vs. Gross Profit 6M2018 (2) 57% 36% 20% 14% 30% 13% 12% 4% F E R T I L I Z E R S
SQM 2Q208 RESULTS Important Notice SQM Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other
More informationWHY LITHIUM? WHY CLAYTON VALLEY? Walter Weinig. Geological Society of Nevada November 3, 2017
WHY LITHIUM? WHY CLAYTON VALLEY? Walter Weinig Geological Society of Nevada November 3, 2017 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT Certain statements contained in this presentation, including all statements that are not
More informationEvaluating and forecasting the. perspective Robert Baylis 30 th January 2013
Evaluating and forecasting the lithium market from a value perspective Robert Baylis 30 th January 2013 Disclaimer The statements in this presentation represent the considered views of Roskill Information
More informationIssue 36, June 16th June 30th
Issue 36, June 16th June 30th CONTENT 1Introduction Batteries and Vehicles European Commission selected Better Place for infrastructure project Argonne announced new energy storage initiative Lithium Industry
More informationCORPORATE UPDATE NOVEMBER 2018
CORPORATE UPDATE NOVEMBER 2018 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT Certain statements contained in this presentation, including all statements that are not historical facts, contain forward-looking statements and forward-looking
More informationINDUSTRY REPORT //Lithium
INDUSTRY REPORT //Lithium S T O R M C R O W INITIATING SECTOR COVERAGE Lithium Strong Gets Stronger May 29, 2015 Acknowledged Demand Growth It is generally known to be true that battery use will drive
More informationCUSTOMARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
SQM 3Q2018 RESULTS CUSTOMARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook, future economic performance, anticipated profitability,
More informationLithium Market Review
Lithium Market Review FMC Corporation Key Financials *EBITMargin LTM ending December 31, 2011 ($ millions) 2 FMC Lithium Summary #2 producer in world (revenue basis) Integrated operational footprint: 5
More informationCORPORATE PRESENTATION DECEMBER 2017
CORPORATE PRESENTATION DECEMBER 2017 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT Certain statements contained in this presentation, including all statements that are not historical facts, contain forward-looking statements and
More informationOverview of our Lithium Technology
Overview of our Lithium Technology April 2015 1 DISCLAIMER Cautionary Statement This presentation is for information purposes only. Neither this presentation nor the information contained in it constitutes
More informationCOBRE MONTANA INVESTOR PRESENTATION
COBRE MONTANA INVESTOR PRESENTATION DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY TO REVOLUTIONIZE LITHIUM PRODUCTION 1 Disclaimer This presentation is for information purposes only. Neither this presentation nor the information
More informationNEMASKA LITHIUM INC. //Lithium
Bat. Shit. Crazy. NEMASKA LITHIUM INC. //Lithium S T O R M C R O W Nov 2, 2016 TSX-NMX UPDATE NOTE Recognition from a Lithium Major + Technology = Winning Hand Target C$2.00 NMX announced a long-term supply
More informationCORPORATE UPDATE JUNE 2018
CORPORATE UPDATE JUNE 2018 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT Certain statements contained in this presentation, including all statements that are not historical facts, contain forward-looking statements and forward-looking
More informationFor personal use only
ASX ANNOUNCEMENT 4 COMPANY DETAILS LITHIUM AUSTRALIA NL ABN: 9 16 19 413 ASX CODE: LIT PRINCIPAL AND REGISTERED OFFICE Suite 3 3 Belgravia Street Belmont WA 6104 P +61 8 6145 088 F +61 8 9475 0847 POSTAL
More informationFor personal use only
15 May 2018 SAL DE VIDA - UPDATED FEASIBILITY STUDY Highlights Results from the updated feasibility study for the Sal de Vida Project validate a technically superior, highly profitable, long life (40 years)
More informationCobre Montana NL POWERING A CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE. For personal use only L I T H I U M 1. Presentation to the Annual General Meeting 24 November, 2014
POWERING A CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE L I T H Presentation to the Annual General Meeting 24 November, 2014 I U M 1 DISCLAIMER This presentation is for information purposes only. Neither this presentation nor
More informationELi Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide Process and Mt Marion Spodumene
ELi Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide Process and Mt Marion Spodumene Integrated Lithium Supply Chain Chris Reed Managing Director, Neometals 1 Disclaimer Summary information: This document has been prepared
More informationSQM at a Glance. Contribution to Revenue vs. Gross Profit % 32% 30% 18% 9% 19% 12% 7% F E R T I L I Z E R S
SQM 2017 RESULTS Important Notice SQM Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other
More informationTHE NEW CLAYTON VALLEY PROJECT BUILT ON NEW TECHNOLOGY JULY 12, 2017
THE NEW CLAYTON VALLEY PROJECT BUILT ON NEW TECHNOLOGY JULY 12, 2017 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT Certain statements contained in this presentation, including all statements that are not historical facts, contain
More informationAMG Lithium & Tantalum
AMG Advanced Metallurgical Group N.V. Project Update December 2017 AMG Lithium & Tantalum Table of Contents Project Update 4 Spodumene II 12 CAUTIONARY NOTE This document is strictly confidential and is
More informationBlue Sky Lithium. Hombre Muerto Project February 2018
Blue Sky Lithium Hombre Muerto Project February 2018 Blue Sky Lithium is a lithium exploration company with the rights to earn 100% interests in projects located in the world class Lithium Triangle region
More informationSQM at a Glance. Contribution to Revenue vs. Gross Profit 1Q % 36% 32% 19% 14% 11% 6% 10% 4% F E R T I L I Z E R S
SQM 1Q018 RESULTS Important Notice SQM Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other
More informationPrice discovery in battery raw materials A news-based perspective
Price discovery in battery raw materials A news-based perspective Barbara O Donovan, Industrial Minerals Advanced Automotive Battery Conference Mainz 2017 Agenda 1.Industrial Minerals: Price discovery
More informationNEMASKA LITHIUM INC. //Lithium
NEMASKA LITHIUM INC. //Lithium S T O R M C R O W Sept 1, 2015 TSXV-NMX INITIATING COVERAGE The New Wave of Battery Lithium Production Target C$0.54 Lithium and the Electric Car: The headline story behind
More informationOrocobre Receives Positive Results for definitive Feasibility Study for Flagship Salar de Olaroz Lithium- Potash Project
Orocobre Receives Positive Results for definitive Feasibility Study for Flagship Salar de Olaroz Lithium- Potash Project 4 May 2011 Highlights DFS highlights strong project fundamentals for flagship Salar
More informationFor personal use only
Pilgangoora the world's leading lithium development project Corporate Presentation March 2018 Important Notices and Competent Person s Statement 2For personal use only Not an Offer of Securities This document
More informationStrategic Entry into the Lithium Market
Sourcing the raw materials of the future ASX: SYA APRIL 2016 Investor Presentation Strategic Entry into the Lithium Market The Green Energy Revolution Creating Demand for Graphite & Lithium for Use in
More informationOutlook for Australian cathode production
Outlook for Australian cathode production Adrian Griffin Managing Director ASX: LIT 1 Lithium Mine to Market Roskill, Perth 2019 Disclaimer This presentation is for information purposes only. Neither this
More informationFirst Quarter 2017 Earnings Presentation
First Quarter 2017 Earnings Presentation Important Notice Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues,
More informationBMO Global Metals and Mining Conference. February 27, 2018
BMO Global Metals and Mining Conference February 27, 2018 Safe Harbor Statement Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Act of 1995: Statements in this news release that are forward-looking
More informationLithium Monthly Outlook: News, Stocks and Market Prices SAMPLE May, 2016
SAMPLE Lithium Carbonate Market Prices - Monthly Estimate US$/ton Low range High range Lithium Hydroxide Market Prices - Monthly Estimate US$/ton Low range High range Last month lithium Carbonate price
More informationKeliber Lithium from Europe for future energy solutions. Battery Supply Chain Europe / Düsseldorf March 13, 2018
Keliber Lithium from Europe for future energy solutions Battery Supply Chain Europe / Düsseldorf March 13, 2018 Disclaimer This document will be used by Keliber Oy for supporting additional information
More informationNEMASKA LITHIUM INC. //Lithium
NEMASKA LITHIUM INC. //Lithium S T O R M C R O W Sept 14, 2015 TSXV-NMX INITIATING COVERAGE The New Wave of Battery Lithium Production Target C$0.54 Nemaska Announces receipt of General Certificate of
More informationAre Lithium Stocks Due, Again, to Catch Up with Oil Prices?
AUGUST 20, 2012 Are Lithium Stocks Due, Again, to Catch Up with Oil Prices? EVENT: LITHIUM STOCKS HAVE EXPERIENCED BREAK-OUTS ALONG WITH OIL IN THE PAST This note revisits the historical patterns that
More informationSQM at a Glance. Contribution to Revenue vs. Gross Profit 1H Twelve months ended June 30, Excluding Others
SQM 2Q2017 RESULTS Important Notice SQM Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other
More informationLithium Market and Chilean Production
Logo Gobierno: 160x162px. Ministerio, Subsecretaría, Organismo, etc.:160x145px Lithium Market and Chilean Production COCHILCO Chilean Copper Commission Francisco Donoso Content 1. Lithium Market. 2. Lithium
More informationCAUCHARI-OLAROZ SITE VISIT
CAUCHARI-OLAROZ SITE VISIT NOVEMBER 6-9 2017 Caucharí-Olaroz NO VEMBER Lithium 2017 Project Jujuy, Argentina CAUTIONARY STATEMENT Technical Information Scientific and technical information in this presentation
More informationINVESTOR PRESENTATION
INVESTOR PRESENTATION NOVEMBER 2018 DISCLAIMER This investor presentation (Presentation) has been prepared by Orocobre Limited (the Company or Orocobre). It contains general information about the Company
More informationAlbemarle Corporation. David Klanecky
Albemarle Corporation David Klanecky Albemarle s Culture Albemarle considers all stakeholders in the decisions we make and the actions we take. We define our stakeholder groups as: Employees, Customers,
More informationApril Fourth Quarter 2016 Earnings Presentation
April 2017 Important Notice Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other financial
More informationASX ANNOUNCEMENT. 22 February 2019
22 February 2019 ASX ANNOUNCEMENT LITHIUM AUSTRALIA PRESENTS AT ROSKILL CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS Lithium Australia presents at Roskill s Lithium Mine to Market forum in Perth, Western Australia Leading lithium
More information> Important Notice Corporate Presentation
June 2015 > Important Notice Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other financial
More informationCharging Our World, Fuelling the Future
Charging Our World, Fuelling the Future FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS This Presentation includes and is based on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that
More informationImportant Notice Corporate Presentation
May 2016 Important Notice Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook or future economic performances, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other financial items,
More informationLi 3. Rio Tinto Serbia Highlights Innovating to Develop New Resources. Lithium. From the General Manager
[Descriptor] Rio Tinto Serbia Month third Quarter YYYY 2014 Web www.riotintoserbia.com address [Labelling] NEWSLETTER Optional Issue body 6 Volume text area 6 can be placed here if required. Please delete
More information14 October 2013 ASX ANNOUNCEMENTS AUSTRALIAN STOCK EXCHANGE RE: COMPANY PRESENTATION
14 October 2013 ASX ANNOUNCEMENTS AUSTRALIAN STOCK EXCHANGE RE: COMPANY PRESENTATION Attached is a company presentation to be given by Chairman James Calaway to institutional investors and brokers in New
More informationUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 10th MULTI-YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON COMMODITIES AND DEVELOPMENT 25-26 April 2018, Geneva Minerals of the future: Lithium in Argentina By Horacio Jurado,
More information25% by 2025? Lithium and the Electric Vehicle Revolution
25% by 2025? Lithium and the Electric Vehicle Revolution AABC 2018 San Diego, USA Monday 4 June 2018 Simon Moores, Managing Director Benchmark Mineral Intelligence What is Benchmark? Price Assessments
More informationLithium Stock Face Off: Is ALB More Attractive Than FMC?
Lithium Stock Face Off: Is ALB More Attractive Than FMC? Lithium stocks are firing on all cylinders, thanks to rising demand for lithium-ion batteries that are used to power electric cars. These rechargeable
More informationGalaxy Resources Limited
Galaxy Resources Limited (Ticker: ASX:GXY) Equity Research and Market Intelligence April 14, 2015 Price (A$): (April 14, 2015) 0.032 Beta: NA Price/Book Ratio: 0.46 Debt/Equity Ratio: 2.60 Listed Exchange:
More informationBMO 2018 Global Metals and Mining Conference
BMO 2018 Global Metals and Mining Conference Corporate Overview February 2018 2018 Hollywood, Florida Disclaimer This presentation has been prepared and issued by Kidman Resources Limited ( the Company
More informationOrocobre The Next Low Cost Lithium. October 2011
Orocobre The Next Low Cost Lithium Producer Investor Presentation October 2011 1 Cautionary Notes This presentation has been prepared by the management of Orocobre Limited (the Company ) in connection
More informationOrocobre The Next Low Cost Lithium Producer. Definitive Feasibility Study Results May 2011
Orocobre The Next Low Cost Lithium Producer Definitive Feasibility Study Results May 2011 1 Cautionary Notes This presentation has been prepared by the management of Orocobre Limited (the Company ) in
More informationAn Emerging Lithium Opportunity
OTCQB: ENRT CSE: TOP An Emerging Lithium Opportunity JULY 2018 Disclaimer This presentation includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
More informationFor personal use only
29 January 2019 QUARTERLY ACTIVITIES REPORT DECEMBER 2018 HIGHLIGHTS PEA confirmed potential for long-life, sustainable commercial scale operation at Rincon with strong project economics. Base case scenario
More informationAs a general rule, the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information
Lithium ABC s Richard (Rick) Mills Ahead of the Herd April 2010 As a general rule, the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information The Puna plateau sits at an elevation of 4,000m,
More informationFor personal use only
16 January 2012 GALAXY S JIANGSU PLANT COMMISSIONING ON TRACK Highlights Jiangsu plant commissioning on schedule First production on track for current quarter Cold commissioning at half way point and progressing
More informationFor personal use only
Disruptive technology to revolutionize lithium production from the world s most abundant lithium minerals acid + lithium micas and clays = low cost production of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, &
More informationAdvancing a Portfolio of Lithium Projects
Sourcing the raw materials of the future ASX: SYA MAY 2016 Investor Presentation Advancing a Portfolio of Lithium Projects The Green Energy Revolution Creating Demand for Graphite & Lithium for Use in
More informationEconomic and Fiscal Impacts From New Lithium Mine and Lithium Processing Operations in Humboldt County, Nevada
UCED 2017/18-08 Economic and Fiscal Impacts From New Lithium Mine and Lithium Processing Operations in Humboldt County, Nevada NOVEMBER 2017 View of the southern-most portion of the McDermitt Caldera.
More informationCORPORATE PRESENTATION 2019
CORPORATE PRESENTATION 2019 1 CUSTOMARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SQM (NYSE: SQM, Santiago Stock Exchange: SQM-A, SQM-B) is a global company engaged in strategic industries for human development,
More informationUpdate on world status and trends for critical raw materials
Update on world status and trends for critical raw materials World Materials Forum 2017 David Trafford CEO, Consulting 29 June 2017 Recap 2016: Prospective Study on some critical materials Average annual
More informationQuarterly Activities Report For the period ending 30 September 2018
ASX ANNOUNCEMENT ASX: GSC 31 October 2018 Quarterly Activities Report For the period ending 30 September 2018 Highlights Pre-Feasibility Study ( PFS ) for the 100%-owned Rhyolite Ridge Lithium-Boron Project
More informationSourcing the raw materials of the future
Sourcing the raw materials of the future ASX: SYA OCTOBER 2016 Investor Presentation Charging Ahead At The Authier Lithium Project SYA Value Proposition Advanced, de-risked project - simple mining and
More informationFor personal use only
Disruptive technology to revolutionize lithium production from the world s most abundant lithium minerals acid lithium silicates + = A new wave of commercial opportunity 1 Copyright 2015, Lithium Australia
More informationFORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AND DISCLAIMERS
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AND DISCLAIMERS This Presentation includes and is based on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results
More informationFor personal use only
February 2018 ASX: SYA Authier Lithium Project Fast Tracking Towards Production and Cashflow Disclaimer Forward Looking Statements This presentation may contain certain forward looking statements. Such
More informationFMC Corporation Deutsche Bank Lithium Supply Chain & Energy Storage Conference
FMC Corporation Deutsche Bank Lithium Supply Chain & Energy Storage Conference November 16 th, 2017 As Prepared for Delivery Greeting & Safe Harbor Paul Graves Good morning and thank you for having FMC
More informationI N V E S T O R D AY. NYSE S e p t e m b e r 5.
I N V E S T O R D AY NYSE S e p t e m b e r 5 1 CUSTOMARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements in this presentation concerning the Company s business outlook, future economic performance,
More informationFor personal use only
27 NOVEMBER 2018 AGM MANAGING DIRECTOR ADDRESS AND PRESENTATION Attached is the presentation provided to shareholders today at the Company s Annual General Meeting. For more information, please contact:
More informationPilgangoora: a world class lithium and tantalum project
Pilgangoora: a world class lithium and tantalum project Ken Brinsden, Managing Director/CEO December Quarterly Results Presentation 25 January 2019 ASX: PLS ACCESS THE QUARTERLY INVESTOR, ANALYST AND MEDIA
More informationNov/2009. The Vertical Portal for China Business Intelligence.
The Vertical Portal for China Business Intelligence. China Lithium Carbonate Industry Report, 2009 Nov/2009 Property right statement: Copyright of charts, tables and sentences in this report belongs to
More informationFor personal use only
ASX/Media Announcement 28 February 2018 LANDMARK DEAL WITH POSCO CEMENTS PILBARA S GROWTH RUNWAY AND OPENS UP KOREAN LITHIUM MARKET Multi-pronged agreement includes binding off-take from Stage 2 5Mtpa
More informationA US Critical Materials Company
A US Critical Materials Company Corporate Presentation September 2018 ASX: PLL NASDAQ: PLLL ABN 50 002 664 495 Highlights Strong Lithium Markets Electric vehicle adoption accelerating Contract lithium
More informationFor personal use only
www.argosyminerals.com.au Investor Presentation May 2018 ASX Code: AGY Disclaimer This presentation is for information purposes only. Neither this presentation nor the information contained in it constitutes
More informationGalaxy Resources. Cash flow generation at Mt Cattlin. Mt Cattlin: Cash flow accelerated by prepayments
Galaxy Resources Cash flow generation at Mt Cattlin Company overview Metals & mining Galaxy Resources (GXY) has exposure to both hard rock lithium assets (Mt Cattlin, James Bay) and brine-based lithium
More informationAMG Advanced Metallurgical Group N.V. January 2018 Investor Update
AMG Advanced Metallurgical Group N.V. January 2018 Investor Update TABLE OF CONTENTS AMG Overview 4 Financial Highlights 9 Lithium Project Update 17 Appendix 25 2 CAUTIONARY NOTE THIS DOCUMENT IS STRICTLY
More informationDeutsche Bank Access Asia Conference
Deutsche Bank Access Asia Conference Corporate Overview February May 2018 2018 Singapore Disclaimer This presentation has been prepared and issued by Kidman Resources Limited ( the Company ). It contains
More informationDeveloping an Advanced Lithium Project in Quebec, Canada
Developing an Advanced Lithium Project in Quebec, Canada November 2017 ASX: SYA International Lithium & Graphite Conference, Hong Kong Disclaimer Forward Looking Statements This presentation may contain
More informationCorporate Presentation November 2018 ULTRA LITHIUM INC. TSX.V : ULI FSE : QFB
Corporate Presentation November 2018 ULTRA LITHIUM INC. Disclaimer This presentation contains forward looking statements including but not limited to comments regarding predictions and projections. Forward
More informationSpecialty Minerals and Metals. Start Me Up - Electric vehicles & Grid storage to drive Lithium demand. Industry Overview
Australian Equity Research 17 May 2016 Reg Spencer Analyst Canaccord Genuity (Australia) Ltd. reg.spencer@canaccord.com.au +61.2.9263.2701 Larry Hill Associate Analyst Canaccord Genuity (Australia) Ltd.
More informationBMO Global Metals & Mining Conference Presentation February 2018 ASX Code: AGY
www.argosyminerals.com.au BMO Global Metals & Mining Conference Presentation February 2018 ASX Code: AGY Disclaimer This presentation is for information purposes only. Neither this presentation nor the
More informationImportant Facts in the Lithium Industry IN CHILE
Important Facts in the Lithium Industry IN CHILE CONTENTS Context Lithium regulation in Chile The Chilean National Lithium Commission(2014) Lithium and Governance Policy (2016) Short, Medium and Long-term
More informationStrategic Metals & Rare Earths Letter
Strategic Metals & Rare Earths Letter I N T E R N A T I O N A L the independent information and advisory publication on investing in Strategic Metals & Rare Earths INVESTMENT ALERT May 8, 2018 www.wealthminerals.com
More informationProject Update Progress Slowed as Financing & Engineering Take Precedence
Share Price (C$) Volume (M) March 25, 2019 Corporate Update NEMASKA LITHIUM INC. Project Update Progress Slowed as Financing & Engineering Take Precedence Equity Research EVENT Nemaska Lithium provided
More informationPILBARA MAINTAINS GROWTH MOMENTUM WITH STRONG CUSTOMER SUPPORT TO UNDERPIN FUNDING PACKAGE FOR STAGE 2 PILGANGOORA EXPANSION
ASX / MEDIA ANNOUNCEMENT 2 January 2019 PILBARA MAINTAINS GROWTH MOMENTUM WITH STRONG CUSTOMER SUPPORT TO UNDERPIN FUNDING PACKAGE FOR STAGE 2 PILGANGOORA EXPANSION Terms agreed with both Ganfeng and Great
More informationA LEADING PRODUCER OF NATURAL SODA ASH
A LEADING PRODUCER OF NATURAL SODA ASH OCI RESOURCES LP INVESTOR PRESENTATION AUGUST 2014 OCI Resources LP 1 ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW Organizational Structure OCI Enterprises Inc. 100% OCI Chemical Corporation
More information29 November 2013 ASX ANNOUNCEMENTS AUSTRALIAN STOCK EXCHANGE RE: COMPANY PRESENTATION ( AGM & LONDON)
29 November 2013 ASX ANNOUNCEMENTS AUSTRALIAN STOCK EXCHANGE RE: COMPANY PRESENTATION ( AGM & LONDON) Attached is a company presentation to be given by Managing Director Richard Seville at the Company
More informationTres Quebradas (3Q) Lithium Project
Tres Quebradas (3Q) Lithium Project Corporate Presentation December 2017 TSX.V:NLC; OTCQX:NTTHF; FSE:NE2 Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements This presentation is strictly confidential and intended
More informationGalaxy Resources. Mt Cattlin - early mover in lithium project pipeline. Innovation in lithium concentrate processing
Galaxy Resources Mt Cattlin - early mover in lithium project pipeline Contract signed Metals & mining Galaxy (GXY) has signed binding agreements for 2017 delivery for 120,000 tonnes of lithium concentrate
More informationCAUTIONARY NOTE ON FUTURE PRODUCTION BY LSC
FAST TRACKING LITHIUM PROJECTS TO PRODUCTION IN ARGENTINA CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FUTURE PRODUCTION BY LSC Certain statements contained in this presentation ( Presentation ) constitute forward-looking information
More informationLithium. 6th. Supply & Markets Conference May InterContinental Montréal, QC, Canada
For more information and to register please visit www.indmin.com/events/lithium 6th Lithium Supply & Markets Conference 20 22 May 2014 InterContinental Montréal, QC, Canada The ONLY global meeting place
More informationLithium Sector May 20, Tesla Financing and Ontario Gov't Incentives Driving Li Stocks
Lithium Sector May 20, 2016 Dave Talbot / (416) 350-3082 dtalbot@dundeecapitalmarkets.com Lilliana Paoletti / (416) 350-5090 lpaoletti@dundeecapitalmarkets.com Tesla Financing and Ontario Gov't Incentives
More informationSession 1 Sources and Availability of Materials for Lithium Batteries
Session 1 Sources and Availability of Materials for Lithium Batteries Adrian Griffin Managing Director, Lithium Australia NL ABSTRACT Lithium, as a feedstock for the battery industry, originates from two
More informationPilgangoora: discovery to product shipment in under four years
Pilgangoora: discovery to product shipment in under four years Corporate Presentation - October 2018 ASX: PLS Important Notices and Competent Persons Statement Not an Offer of Securities This document
More information