The bigger picture: drivers of aggregate productivity growth

Transcription

1 The bigger picture: drivers of aggregate productivity growth

2 Growth Other factors Productivity increases Intermediation mechanisms Inter-sectoral Intra-sectoral Intra-firm productivity enhancement Endowments Macro Micro-meso level Drivingor enabling factors Natural resources and endowments Human capital Technology Political stability Fair competition Trade relations Governance Regulatory environment Macro-economic stability Intercompany dynamics Firm sophistication and capacities Policies Framework policies, e.g. Macroeconomic policy Competition and Trade Labour Education and Skills Private sector development policies, e.g. Industrial and sectoral policies Exports promotion and VCD Innovation Investment Regulatory and institutional reforms SMEs policies, e.g. Business developmentt services Market access Cluster development Entrepreneurship

3 Inclusive Growth? Other factors Productivity increases Intermediation mechanisms Inter-sectoral Intra-sectoral Intra-firm productivity enhancement Endowments Macro Micro-meso level Drivingor enabling factors Natural resources and endowments Human capital Technology Political stability Fair competition Trade relations Governance Regulatory environment Macro-economic stability Intercompany dynamics Firm sophistication and capacities Policies Framework policies, e.g. Macroeconomic policy Competition and Trade Labour Education and Skills Private sector devtpolicies, e.g. Industrial and sectoral policies Exports promotion and VCD Innovation Investment Regulatory and institutional reforms SMEs policies, e.g. Business devt services Market access Cluster development Entrepreneurship

4 Other factors Other factors Inclusive Growth Productivity increases Better working conditions Intermediation mechanisms Inter-sectoral Intra-sectoral Intra-firm productivity enhancement Endowments Macro Micro-meso level Drivingor enabling factors Natural resources and endowments Human capital Technology Political stability Fair competition Trade relations Governance Regulatory environment Macro-economic stability Intercompany dynamics Firm sophistication and capacities Policies Framework policies, e.g. Macroeconomic policy Competition and Trade Labour Education and Skills Private sector devtpolicies, e.g. Industrial and sectoral policies Export promotion and VCD Innovation Investment Regulatory and institutional reforms SMEs policies, e.g. Business devt services Cluster development Entrepreneurship

5 What do you think are the most serious constraints for SMEs according to business owners? What to you think are the most serious constraints according to workers? (10 mins) 21/06/2017 5

6 Business environment (Indonesia, 2015) % of SMEs with Major Obstacle by Type of Business Environment Factor Inadequately skilled workforce Corruption Transportation Crime, theft and disorder Customs and trade regulations Business licenses and permits Political instability Tax rates Practices informal sector Source: World Bank Enterprise Survey, latest available data was used. 2012: China; 2014: Myanmar and India; 2015/2016: rest of ASEAN except Brunei and Singapore. Figures are weighted. 6

7 Business Environment (ASEAN, China and India) % of SMEs with Major Obstacle by Type of Business Environment Factor Percent of Firms Competition with Informal Sector 12.5 Tax Rate Corruption Electricity Access to Finance Access to Land Political Instability Tax Administration Transportation Inadequately Educated Workforce 6.1 Licensing and Permits Customs & Trade Regulations Labor Regulations Crime, Theft & Disorder Courts 4.3 Source: World Bank Enterprise Survey, latest available data was used. 2012: China; 2014: Myanmar and India; 2015/2016: rest of ASEAN except Brunei and Singapore. Figures are weighted. 7